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Kenney AD, McMichael TM, Imas A, Chesarino NM, Zhang L, Dorn LE, Wu Q, Alfaour O, Amari F, Chen M, Zani A, Chemudupati M, Accornero F, Coppola V, Rajaram MVS, Yount JS. IFITM3 protects the heart during influenza virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18607-18612. [PMID: 31451661 PMCID: PMC6744864 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900784116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus can disseminate from the lungs to the heart in severe infections and can induce cardiac pathology, but this has been difficult to study due to a lack of small animal models. In humans, polymorphisms in the gene encoding the antiviral restriction factor IFN-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) are associated with susceptibility to severe influenza, but whether IFITM3 deficiencies contribute to cardiac dysfunction during infection is unclear. We show that IFITM3 deficiency in a new knockout (KO) mouse model increases weight loss and mortality following influenza virus infections. We investigated this enhanced pathogenesis with the A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) (PR8) influenza virus strain, which is lethal in KO mice even at low doses, and observed increased replication of virus in the lungs, spleens, and hearts of KO mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Infected IFITM3 KO mice developed aberrant cardiac electrical activity, including decreased heart rate and irregular, arrhythmic RR (interbeat) intervals, whereas WT mice exhibited a mild decrease in heart rate without irregular RR intervals. Cardiac electrical dysfunction in PR8-infected KO mice was accompanied by increased activation of fibrotic pathways and fibrotic lesions in the heart. Infection with a sublethal dose of a less virulent influenza virus strain (A/WSN/33 [H1N1]) resulted in a milder cardiac electrical dysfunction in KO mice that subsided as the mice recovered. Our findings reveal an essential role for IFITM3 in limiting influenza virus replication and pathogenesis in heart tissue and establish IFITM3 KO mice as a powerful model for studying mild and severe influenza virus-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Temet M McMichael
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Alexander Imas
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Nicholas M Chesarino
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lisa E Dorn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Omar Alfaour
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Foued Amari
- Genetically Engineered Mouse Modeling Core, The Ohio State University and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Min Chen
- Genetically Engineered Mouse Modeling Core, The Ohio State University and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ashley Zani
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Mahesh Chemudupati
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Federica Accornero
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Genetically Engineered Mouse Modeling Core, The Ohio State University and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Murugesan V S Rajaram
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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