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Ehteda A, Simon S, Franshaw L, Giorgi FM, Liu J, Joshi S, Rouaen JRC, Pang CNI, Pandher R, Mayoh C, Tang Y, Khan A, Ung C, Tolhurst O, Kankean A, Hayden E, Lehmann R, Shen S, Gopalakrishnan A, Trebilcock P, Gurova K, Gudkov AV, Norris MD, Haber M, Vittorio O, Tsoli M, Ziegler DS. Dual targeting of the epigenome via FACT complex and histone deacetylase is a potent treatment strategy for DIPG. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108994. [PMID: 33852836 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an aggressive and incurable childhood brain tumor for which new treatments are needed. CBL0137 is an anti-cancer compound developed from quinacrine that targets facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT), a chromatin remodeling complex involved in transcription, replication, and DNA repair. We show that CBL0137 displays profound cytotoxic activity against a panel of patient-derived DIPG cultures by restoring tumor suppressor TP53 and Rb activity. Moreover, in an orthotopic model of DIPG, treatment with CBL0137 significantly extends animal survival. The FACT subunit SPT16 is found to directly interact with H3.3K27M, and treatment with CBL0137 restores both histone H3 acetylation and trimethylation. Combined treatment of CBL0137 with the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat leads to inhibition of the Rb/E2F1 pathway and induction of apoptosis. The combination of CBL0137 and panobinostat significantly prolongs the survival of mice bearing DIPG orthografts, suggesting a potential treatment strategy for DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahid Ehteda
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandy Simon
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Franshaw
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jie Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jourdin R C Rouaen
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chi Nam Ignatius Pang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruby Pandher
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yujie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Aaminah Khan
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Caitlin Ung
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ornella Tolhurst
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Kankean
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elisha Hayden
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lehmann
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sylvie Shen
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anjana Gopalakrishnan
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Trebilcock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katerina Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kid's Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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Ehteda A, Franshaw L, Liu J, Joshi S, Simon S, Pang CNI, Giorgi F, Pandher R, Ung C, Tolhurst O, Mayoh C, Khan A, Hayden E, Gopalakrishnan A, Trebilcock P, Upton D, Lehmann R, George S, Vittorio O, Tsoli M, Gurova K, Gudkov AG, Norris MD, Haber M, Ziegler DS. DIPG-27. TARGETING FACILITATES CHROMATIN TRANSCRIPTION (FACT) AS A NOVEL STRATEGY FOR DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA (DIPG) THAT ENHANCES RESPONSE TO HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITION. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715505 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an aggressive and incurable childhood brain tumour for which new treatments are needed. A high throughput drug screen of 3500 pharmaceutical compounds identified anti-malarials, including quinacrine as having potent activity against DIPG neurospheres. CBL0137, a compound modelled on quinacrine, is an anti-cancer compound which targets Facilitates Chromatin Transcription (FACT), a chromatin remodelling complex involved in transcription, replication, and DNA repair. CBL0137 effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier and is currently in Phase I trials in adult cancer. CBL0137 induced apoptosis in DIPG neurospheres in vitro and had profound cytotoxic activity against a panel of DIPG cultures. In a DIPG orthotopic model, treatment with CBL0137 significantly improved survival. We found that treatment with CBL0137 up-regulated TP53 and increased histone H3.3 acetylation and tri-methylation in DIPG cells. We therefore examined the interaction between CBL0137 and the HDAC inhibitor, panobinostat. In vitro experiments showed that the two agents had profound synergistic activity against DIPG neurospheres in clonogenic assays and enhanced apoptosis. Transcriptomic analysis and immunoblotting indicated that combination treatment activated signalling pathways controlled by Retinoblastoma (RB)/E2F1 and subsequently increased phosphorylation and enzymatic activity of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Consistent with the in vitro results, the combination of CBL0137 and panobinostat significantly prolonged the survival of two orthotopic models of DIPG, while histological analysis showed increased H3K27me3 and decreased Ki67 positive cells. Given these promising results, a paediatric trial of CBL0137 is planned to open through the Children’s Oncology Group with an expansion cohort for DIPG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jie Liu
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandy Simon
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chi Nam Ignatius Pang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Federico Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ruby Pandher
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Caitlin Ung
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Aaminah Khan
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Tsoli
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - David S Ziegler
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kid’s Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Tsoli M, Lau L, Barahona P, Mayoh C, Failes T, Wong M, Sherstyuk A, Gifford AJ, Kumar A, Mould E, Ung C, Tolhurst O, Gopalakrishnan A, Grebert-Wade D, Strong P, Trebilcock P, Lock R, Tyrrell V, Trahair T, Tucker K, Warby M, Arndt G, Norris M, Haber M, Marshall G, O’Brien T, Quang DAK, Cowley M, Ekert P, Ziegler DS. THER-23. RESULTS OF THE ZERO CHILDHOOD CANCER INTEGRATED PRECISION MEDICINE PLATFORM FOR PAEDIATRIC HIGH-RISK BRAIN TUMOURS. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz036.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsoli
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Loretta Lau
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Kid’s Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paulette Barahona
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Failes
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marie Wong
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sherstyuk
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Gifford
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amit Kumar
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily Mould
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caitlin Ung
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ornella Tolhurst
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Dylan Grebert-Wade
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Patrick Strong
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Trebilcock
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard Lock
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vanessa Tyrrell
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Toby Trahair
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Kid’s Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine Tucker
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meera Warby
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Greg Arndt
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Murray Norris
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Glenn Marshall
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Kid’s Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tracey O’Brien
- Kid’s Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Marc Cowley
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Ekert
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Kid’s Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Boulter N, Suarez FG, Schibeci S, Sunderland T, Tolhurst O, Hunter T, Hodge G, Handelsman D, Simanainen U, Hendriks E, Duggan K. A simple, accurate and universal method for quantification of PCR. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:27. [PMID: 26956612 PMCID: PMC4784296 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research into gene expression enables scientists to decipher the complex regulatory networks that control fundamental biological processes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a powerful and ubiquitous method for interrogation of gene expression. Accurate quantification is essential for correct interpretation of qPCR data. However, conventional relative and absolute quantification methodologies often give erroneous results or are laborious to perform. To overcome these failings, we developed an accurate, simple to use, universal calibrator, AccuCal. Results Herein, we show that AccuCal quantification can be used with either dye- or probe-based detection methods and is accurate over a dynamic range of ≥105 copies, for amplicons up to 500 base pairs (bp). By providing absolute quantification of all genes of interest, AccuCal exposes, and circumvents, the well-known biases of qPCR, thus allowing objective experimental conclusions to be drawn. Conclusion We propose that AccuCal supersedes the traditional quantification methods of PCR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0256-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Boulter
- Accugen Pty Ltd, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia.
| | | | - Stephen Schibeci
- Westmead Millennium Institute, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Trevor Sunderland
- Bitfuturistic Solutions, 9623 Lawndale Avenue SW, Lakewood, WA, 98498, USA.
| | - Ornella Tolhurst
- Accugen Pty Ltd, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia. .,Vectus Biosystems Pty Ltd, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia.
| | - Tegan Hunter
- Accugen Pty Ltd, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia. .,Vectus Biosystems Pty Ltd, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia.
| | - George Hodge
- Vectus Biosystems Pty Ltd, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia.
| | - David Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia.
| | - Ulla Simanainen
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia.
| | - Edward Hendriks
- Accugen Pty Ltd, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia. .,Vectus Biosystems Pty Ltd, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia.
| | - Karen Duggan
- Accugen Pty Ltd, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia. .,Vectus Biosystems Pty Ltd, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia.
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Capes-Davis A, Tolhurst O, Dunn JM, Jeffrey PL. Expression of doublecortin (DCX) and doublecortin-like kinase (DCLK) within the developing chick brain. Dev Dyn 2005; 232:457-67. [PMID: 15614772 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein widely expressed in the developing mammalian nervous system and important for neuronal migration. DCX is known to belong to a novel protein family defined by sequence homology and the presence of a conserved microtubule-binding domain, but the functions of other members of this family are still undefined. In this study, we describe the cloning of the chick ortholog of doublecortin-like kinase (DCLK), a member of this family, and assess the expression of DCX and DCLK in the layered regions of the developing chick brain. DCX and DCLK are widely expressed in pallial and subpallial structures, including the telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum, in similar distribution patterns. In addition to their expression in migrating cells, both proteins were also detected in the ventricular zone and in postmigratory Purkinje cells. Finally, DCX and DCLK were found to be coexpressed in all areas examined. In postmigratory Purkinje cells, DCX and DCLK both colocalized to the cell membrane, although DCLK was also distributed more generally throughout the cell soma. These data are consistent with multiple roles for DCX and DCLK in the developing chicken brain and suggest that the chick cerebellum will be an intriguing system to explore the effects of DCX and DCLK on postmigratory neuronal function.
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Jeffrey PL, Balcar VJ, Tolhurst O, Weinberger RP, Meany JA. Avian Purkinje neuronal cultures: extrinsic control of morphology by cell type and glutamate. Methods Cell Biol 2004; 71:89-109. [PMID: 12884688 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(03)01006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro coculture system is described to study the avian Purkinje neuron and the interactions occurring with astrocytes and granule cells during development in the cerebellum. Astrocytes initially and granule cells later regulate Purkinje neuron morphology. The coculture system presented here provides an excellent system for investigating the morphological, immunocytochemical, and electrophysiological differentiation of Purkinje neurons under controlled conditions and for studying cell-cell interactions and extrinsic factors, e.g., glutamate in normal and neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Jeffrey
- Developmental Neurobiology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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Jeffrey PL, Capes-Davis A, Dunn JM, Tolhurst O, Seeto G, Hannan AJ, Lin SL. CROC-4: a novel brain specific transcriptional activator of c-fos expressed from proliferation through to maturation of multiple neuronal cell types. Mol Cell Neurosci 2000; 16:185-96. [PMID: 10995546 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.2000.0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, brain-specific cDNA, denoted CROC-4, was cloned from human brain by a contingent replication of cDNA procedure capable of detecting transcriptional activators of the human c-fos proto-oncogene promoter. CROC-4 encoded an 18-kDa serine/threonine-rich polypeptide containing a P-loop motif and an SH3-binding region with phosphorylation sites for a variety of protein kinases (cdc2, CDK2, MAPK, CDK5, protein kinase C, Ca(2+)/calmodulin protein kinase 2, casein kinase 2) involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Immunohistochemistry revealed that during early development, expression was associated with proliferating and migrating cells throughout the rodent brain, initially appearing in the proliferative ventricular zones. During late development and in adult human brain, CROC-4 was expressed in diverse brain regions including the thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, corpus callosum, substantia nigra, caudate nucleus, amygdala, and hippocampus. The association of CROC-4 expression with proliferating regions of developing brain and retention in regions of the adult brain, as well as the punctate nuclear location, suggest that CROC-4 participates in brain-specific c-fos signaling pathways involved in cellular remodeling of brain architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Jeffrey
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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Jeffrey PL, Meaney J, Tolhurst O, Weinberger RP. Epigenetic factors controlling the development of avian Purkinje neurons. J Neurosci Methods 1996; 67:163-75. [PMID: 8872882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Using a unique protocol, we have developed an avian neuron culture system in which a high yield of Purkinje neurons is obtained more readily than with pre-existing methods. Purkinje neurons were identified in vitro using the specific antibodies calbindin and cyclic GMP-kinase. Survival of Purkinje neurons was dependent on astrocyte contact and enhanced by astrocytic factors supplied to the medium by a monolayer of astrocytes grown on coated membranes suspended in the culture wells but not in contact with the neurons. The age of the cerebellum from which astrocytes were obtained was shown to affect the morphological development of the Purkinje neurons suggesting the developmentally-regulated expression of growth factors. However, in the presence of the astrocytes, Purkinje neurons could only progress to a limited stage of development based on morphological criteria. The addition to the culture of cerebellar granule neurons at a time of Purkinje neuron development that they would expect to encounter them in vivo resulted in a shift of Purkinje neurons to a mature phenotype. This maturation effect was increased in response to increasing levels of granule neurons, but was independent of the granule neuron ages used. This system offers significant advantages over other Purkinje neuron culture systems and will be useful for studying the extrinsic factors involved in Purkinje neuron development and histogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Jeffrey
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Wentworthville, NSW, Australia.
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Weinberger RP, Henke RC, Tolhurst O, Jeffrey PL, Gunning P. Induction of neuron-specific tropomyosin mRNAs by nerve growth factor is dependent on morphological differentiation. J Cell Biol 1993; 120:205-15. [PMID: 8416988 PMCID: PMC2119485 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.120.1.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have examined the expression of brain-specific tropomyosins during neuronal differentiation. Both TmBr-1 and TmBr-3 were shown to be neuron specific. TmBr-1 and TmBr-3 mRNA levels increased during the most active phase of neurite outgrowth in the developing rat cerebellum. In PC12 cells stimulated by nerve growth factor (NGF) to differentiate to the neuronal phenotype, TmBr-1 and TmBr-3 levels increased with an increasing degree of morphological differentiation. Induction of TmBr-1 and TmBr-3 expression only occurred under conditions where PC12 cells were permitted to extend neurites. NGF was unable to maintain levels of TmBr-1 and TmBr-3 with the loss of neuronal phenotype by resuspension of differentiated PC12 cells. The unique cellular expression and regulation in vivo and in vitro of TmBr-1 and TmBr-3 strongly suggests a critical role of these tropomyosins in neuronal microfilament function. The findings reveal that the induction and maintenance of the neuronal tropomyosins is dependent on morphological differentiation and the maintenance of the neuronal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Weinberger
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Wentworthville, N.S.W., Australia
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Abstract
We have measured the accumulation of transcripts for myosin and actin during NGF induced differentiation of PC12 cells. Beta (beta) and gamma (gamma) actin and myosin light chains (MLC) 2 and 3 show different patterns of expression, with transient elevations in gene expression one day after NGF addition. This elevation occurs earlier than that of neurite outgrowth, neurofilament protein (NF68) (16) and Thy-1 glycoprotein gene expression. These results suggest differing mechanisms of control of actin and myosin expression, together with a varying function and relationship between them during NGF-induced neurite differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Henke
- Department of Muscle Genetics, Children's Medical Research Foundation, Camperdown NSW, Australia
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