Ashfield-Watt PAL, Whiting JM, Clark ZE, Moat SJ, Newcombe RG, Burr ML, McDowell IFW. A comparison of the effect of advice to eat either '5-a-day' fruit and vegetables or folic acid-fortified foods on plasma folate and homocysteine.
Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;
57:316-23. [PMID:
12571666 DOI:
10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601545]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2001] [Revised: 05/27/2002] [Accepted: 05/28/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To assess and compare the effects of natural folate (100 micro g) with those of folic acid from fortified sources (100 micro g/day) on plasma folate and homocysteine.
DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial (parallel groups).
SETTING
Men and women living in South Wales, UK.
SUBJECTS
A total of 135 healthy individuals recruited from the local workforce and blood donor sessions. All subjects possessed the 'wild-type' CC genotype for C677T polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR).
INTERVENTIONS
Subjects underwent one of the following dietary interventions for 4 months: (1) fortified diet-usual diet plus 100 microg/day folic acid from fortified foods; (2) natural folate diet-usual diet plus 100 microg/day folate from natural sources; (3) control-usual diet.
RESULTS
The fortified group increased reported intake of folic acid from fortified foods compared to other groups (P<0.001) achieving an extra 98 microg/day (95% CI 88-108). The natural folate group increased reported intake of natural source folates compared with the other two groups (P<0.001), but achieved a mean increase of only 50 microg/day (95% CI 34-66). Plasma folate increased (P<0.01) by a similar amount in both intervention groups compared to controls (fortified group 2.97, 95% CI 0.8-5.1; natural group 2.76, 95% CI 0.6-4.9. Plasma homocysteine, vitamins B(6) and B(12) were not significantly changed.
CONCLUSIONS
Subjects achieved increases in folate intake using fortified foods more easily than by folate-rich foods, however both sources increased plasma folate by a similar amount. These levels of intake were insufficient to reduce homocysteine concentrations in MTHFR CC homozygotes, but may be more effective in other genotypes.
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