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Angelopoulos V, Cruce P, Drozdov A, Grimes EW, Hatzigeorgiu N, King DA, Larson D, Lewis JW, McTiernan JM, Roberts DA, Russell CL, Hori T, Kasahara Y, Kumamoto A, Matsuoka A, Miyashita Y, Miyoshi Y, Shinohara I, Teramoto M, Faden JB, Halford AJ, McCarthy M, Millan RM, Sample JG, Smith DM, Woodger LA, Masson A, Narock AA, Asamura K, Chang TF, Chiang CY, Kazama Y, Keika K, Matsuda S, Segawa T, Seki K, Shoji M, Tam SWY, Umemura N, Wang BJ, Wang SY, Redmon R, Rodriguez JV, Singer HJ, Vandegriff J, Abe S, Nose M, Shinbori A, Tanaka YM, UeNo S, Andersson L, Dunn P, Fowler C, Halekas JS, Hara T, Harada Y, Lee CO, Lillis R, Mitchell DL, Argall MR, Bromund K, Burch JL, Cohen IJ, Galloy M, Giles B, Jaynes AN, Le Contel O, Oka M, Phan TD, Walsh BM, Westlake J, Wilder FD, Bale SD, Livi R, Pulupa M, Whittlesey P, DeWolfe A, Harter B, Lucas E, Auster U, Bonnell JW, Cully CM, Donovan E, Ergun RE, Frey HU, Jackel B, Keiling A, Korth H, McFadden JP, Nishimura Y, Plaschke F, Robert P, Turner DL, Weygand JM, Candey RM, Johnson RC, Kovalick T, Liu MH, McGuire RE, Breneman A, Kersten K, Schroeder P. The Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS). Space Sci Rev 2019; 215:9. [PMID: 30880847 PMCID: PMC6380193 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-018-0576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory (H/GSO), a complement of multi-spacecraft missions and ground-based observatories to study the space environment, data retrieval, analysis, and visualization of space physics data can be daunting. The Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS), a grass-roots software development platform (www.spedas.org), is now officially supported by NASA Heliophysics as part of its data environment infrastructure. It serves more than a dozen space missions and ground observatories and can integrate the full complement of past and upcoming space physics missions with minimal resources, following clear, simple, and well-proven guidelines. Free, modular and configurable to the needs of individual missions, it works in both command-line (ideal for experienced users) and Graphical User Interface (GUI) mode (reducing the learning curve for first-time users). Both options have "crib-sheets," user-command sequences in ASCII format that can facilitate record-and-repeat actions, especially for complex operations and plotting. Crib-sheets enhance scientific interactions, as users can move rapidly and accurately from exchanges of technical information on data processing to efficient discussions regarding data interpretation and science. SPEDAS can readily query and ingest all International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP)-compatible products from the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), enabling access to a vast collection of historic and current mission data. The planned incorporation of Heliophysics Application Programmer's Interface (HAPI) standards will facilitate data ingestion from distributed datasets that adhere to these standards. Although SPEDAS is currently Interactive Data Language (IDL)-based (and interfaces to Java-based tools such as Autoplot), efforts are under-way to expand it further to work with python (first as an interface tool and potentially even receiving an under-the-hood replacement). We review the SPEDAS development history, goals, and current implementation. We explain its "modes of use" with examples geared for users and outline its technical implementation and requirements with software developers in mind. We also describe SPEDAS personnel and software management, interfaces with other organizations, resources and support structure available to the community, and future development plans. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (10.1007/s11214-018-0576-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Angelopoulos
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - P. Cruce
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - A. Drozdov
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - E. W. Grimes
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - N. Hatzigeorgiu
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - D. A. King
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - D. Larson
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - J. W. Lewis
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - J. M. McTiernan
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - C. L. Russell
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - T. Hori
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - A. Kumamoto
- Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - A. Matsuoka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Y. Miyashita
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Y. Miyoshi
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - I. Shinohara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - M. Teramoto
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - A. J. Halford
- Space Sciences Department, The Aerospace Corporation, Chantilly, VA USA
| | - M. McCarthy
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - R. M. Millan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - J. G. Sample
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT USA
| | - D. M. Smith
- Santa Cruz Institute of Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - L. A. Woodger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - A. Masson
- European Space Agency, ESAC, SCI-OPD, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. A. Narock
- ADNET Systems Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - K. Asamura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - T. F. Chang
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - C.-Y. Chiang
- Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Y. Kazama
- Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K. Keika
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Matsuda
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T. Segawa
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K. Seki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Shoji
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S. W. Y. Tam
- Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - N. Umemura
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B.-J. Wang
- Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Space Science, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - S.-Y. Wang
- Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - R. Redmon
- National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. V. Rodriguez
- National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - H. J. Singer
- Space Weather Prediction Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. Vandegriff
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - S. Abe
- International Center for Space Weather Science and Education, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M. Nose
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto Data Analysis Center for Geomagnetism and Space Magnetism, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A. Shinbori
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y.-M. Tanaka
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. UeNo
- Hida Observatory, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - L. Andersson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - P. Dunn
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - C. Fowler
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. S. Halekas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - T. Hara
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Y. Harada
- Department of Geophysics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C. O. Lee
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - R. Lillis
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - D. L. Mitchell
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - M. R. Argall
- Physics Department and Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
| | - K. Bromund
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - J. L. Burch
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - I. J. Cohen
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - M. Galloy
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO USA
| | - B. Giles
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - A. N. Jaynes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - O. Le Contel
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/Sorbonne Université/Univ. Paris Sud/Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M. Oka
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - T. D. Phan
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - B. M. Walsh
- Center for Space Physics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - J. Westlake
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - F. D. Wilder
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - S. D. Bale
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - R. Livi
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - M. Pulupa
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - P. Whittlesey
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - A. DeWolfe
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - B. Harter
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - E. Lucas
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - U. Auster
- Institute for Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J. W. Bonnell
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - C. M. Cully
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Ontario Canada
| | - E. Donovan
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Ontario Canada
| | - R. E. Ergun
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - H. U. Frey
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - B. Jackel
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Ontario Canada
| | - A. Keiling
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - H. Korth
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - J. P. McFadden
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Y. Nishimura
- Center for Space Physics and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - F. Plaschke
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P. Robert
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/Sorbonne Université/Univ. Paris Sud/Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - J. M. Weygand
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - R. M. Candey
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - R. C. Johnson
- ADNET Systems Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - T. Kovalick
- ADNET Systems Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - M. H. Liu
- ADNET Systems Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | | | - A. Breneman
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - K. Kersten
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - P. Schroeder
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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Schroeder P, Nuerk HC, Plewnia C. P188 Counteracting implicit conflicts by cathodal tDCS to the prefrontal cortex. Clin Neurophysiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Haselmayer P, Camps M, Liu-Bujalski L, Morandi F, Head J, Zimmerli S, Bruns L, Bender A, Schroeder P, Grenningloh R. THU0275 Pharmacodynamic Modeling of BTK Occupancy versus Efficacy in RA and SLE Models Using The Novel Specific BTK Inhibitor M2951. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Schroeder P, Belis CA, Schnelle-Kreis J, Herzig R, Prevot ASH, Raveton M, Kirchner M, Catinon M. Why air quality in the Alps remains a matter of concern. The impact of organic pollutants in the alpine area. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:252-267. [PMID: 24046224 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the middle of Europe, the Alps form a geographical and meteorological trap for atmospheric pollutants including volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted in the surrounding lowlands. This is due to their barrier effects, high precipitation rates, and low ambient temperatures. Also the pollutants emitted in the cities inside the Alps spread in the region depending on orographic and meteorological conditions. Although a number of studies on the distribution and effect of pollutants in the Alps has been published, comprehensive information on potential hazards, and ways to improve this sensible environment are lacking. This opinion paper is the result of a discussion during the Winterseminar of the AlpsBioCluster project in Munich. It summarizes the current literature and presents some case studies on local pollution sources in the Alps, and the possibility of using biomonitoring techniques to assess critical pollution loads and distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroeder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, GmbH, Research Unit Microbe Plant Interactions, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany,
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Buckner CD, Klopfenstein TJ, Rolfe KM, Griffin WA, Lamothe MJ, Watson AK, MacDonald JC, Schacht WH, Schroeder P. Ruminally undegradable protein content and digestibility for forages using the mobile bag in situ technique. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2812-22. [PMID: 23478833 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Four experiments were conducted to evaluate RUP content and digestibility for smooth bromegrass, subirrigated meadow, upland native range, and warm-season grasses. Samples were collected from esophageally cannulated cows or ruminally cannulated steers. Forages were ruminally incubated in in situ bags for durations of time based on 75% of total mean retention time, which was based on IVDMD and rate of passage calculations. One-half of the bags were duodenally incubated and excreted in the feces, and NDIN was analyzed on all bags for RUP calculations. Crude protein was numerically greater early in the growing cycle for grasses compared with later as grasses matured (P ≤ 0.32). The RUP was 13.3%, 13.3%, and 19.7% of CP for smooth bromegrass, subirrigated meadow, and upland native range, respectively. These values tended to be lower early in the growth cycle and increased (linear P ≤ 0.13) as forages matured for warm-season grasses and subirrigated meadows. Because both CP and RUP content change throughout the growing season, expressing RUP as a percentage of DM gives more consistent averages compared with RUP as a percentage of CP. Coefficient of variation values for RUP as a percentage of DM averaged 0.21 over all 4 experiments compared with 0.26 for RUP as a percentage of CP. Average RUP as a percentage of DM was 2.03%, 1.53%, and 1.94% for smooth bromegrass, subirrigated meadow, and upland native range, respectively. Total tract indigestible protein (TTIDP) linearly increased with maturity for subirrigated meadow samples (P < 0.01). A quadratic response (P ≤ 0.06) for TTIDP was observed in smooth bromegrass and warm-season grass samples. Digestibility of RUP varied considerably, ranging from 25% to 60%. Subirrigated meadow, native range, and smooth bromegrass samples tended to have linear decreases (P ≤ 0.11) in RUP digestibility throughout the growing season. The amount of digested RUP was fairly consistent across experiments and averages for smooth bromegrass, subirrigated meadow, and upland native range were 0.92%, 0.64%, and 0.49% of DM, respectively. Warm-season grasses in Exp. 2 had greater RUP (4.31% of DM) and amount of RUP digested (2.26% of DM), possibly because of cattle selecting for leadplant that contains more CP than the grasses. Forages can vary in CP, RUP, TTIDP, and RUP digestibility depending on the forage type, year, and time within year, but RUP digestibility is likely less than what previous sources have reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Buckner
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908, USA
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McCoon P, Eder J, Huszar D, McEachern K, Schroeder P, Tang W, Womack C, Kang Y, Eckhardt S. 488 A Combination of Surrogate and Tumor Biopsy Biomarker Data Demonstrates JAK Pathway Inhibition by AZD1480 in Phase I Patient Samples. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shoshi A, Schotter J, Schroeder P, Milnera M, Ertl P, Heer R, Reiss G, Brueckl H. Contemporaneous cell spreading and phagocytosis: magneto-resistive real-time monitoring of membrane competing processes. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 40:82-8. [PMID: 22770907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion and spreading of cells strongly depend on the properties of the underlying surface, which has significant consequences in long-term cell behavior adaption. This relationship is important for the understanding of both biological functions and their bioactivity in disease-related applications. Employing our magnetic lab-on-a-chip system, we present magnetoresistive-based real-time and label-free detection of cellular phagocytosis behavior during their spreading process on particle-immobilized sensor surfaces. Cell spreading experiments carried out on particle-free and particle-modified surfaces reveal a delay in spreading rate after an elapsed time of about 2.2h for particle-modified surfaces due to contemporaneous cell membrane loss by particle phagocytosis. Our associated magnetoresistive measurements show a high uptake rate at early stages of cell spreading, which decreases steadily until it reaches saturation after an average elapsed time of about 100 min. The corresponding cellular average uptake rate during the entire cell spreading process accounts for three particles per minute. This result represents a four times higher phagocytosis efficiency compared to uptake experiments carried out for confluently grown cells, in which case cell spreading is already finished and, thus, excluded. Furthermore, other dynamic cell-surface interactions at nano-scale level such as cell migration or the dynamics of cell attachment and detachment are also addressable by our magnetic lab-on-a-chip approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shoshi
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Molecular Diagnostics, Donau-City-Strasse 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria.
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Shoshi A, Schotter J, Schroeder P, Milnera M, Ertl P, Charwat V, Purtscher M, Heer R, Eggeling M, Reiss G, Brueckl H. Magnetoresistive-based real-time cell phagocytosis monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 36:116-22. [PMID: 22560105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of large particles by cells (phagocytosis) is an important factor in cell biology and also plays a major role in biomedical applications. So far, most methods for determining the phagocytic properties rely on cell-culture incubation and end-point detection schemes. Here, we present a lab-on-a-chip system for real-time monitoring of magnetic particle uptake by human fibroblast (NHDF) cells. It is based on recording the time evolution of the average position and distribution of magnetic particles during phagocytosis by giant-magnetoresistive (GMR) type sensors. We employ particles with a mean diameter of 1.2 μm and characterize their phagocytosis-relevant properties. Our experiments at physiological conditions reveal a cellular uptake rate of 45 particles per hour and show that phagocytosis reaches saturation after an average uptake time of 27.7h. Moreover, reference phagocytosis experiments at 4°C are carried out to mimic environmental or disease related inhibition of the phagocytic behavior, and our measurements clearly show that we are able to distinguish between cell-membrane adherent and phagocytosed magnetic particles. Besides the demonstrated real-time monitoring of phagocytosis mechanisms, additional nano-biointerface studies can be realized, including on-chip cell adhesion/spreading as well as cell migration, attachment and detachment dynamics. This versatility shows the potential of our approach for providing a multifunctional platform for on-chip cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shoshi
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria.
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Schroeder P, Schotter J, Shoshi A, Eggeling M, Bethge O, Hütten A, Brückl H. Artificial cilia of magnetically tagged polymer nanowires for biomimetic mechanosensing. Bioinspir Biomim 2011; 6:046007. [PMID: 21993204 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3182/6/4/046007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanowires of polypyrrole have been implemented as artificial cilia on giant-magneto-resistive multilayer sensors for a biomimetic sensing approach. The arrays were tagged with a magnetic material, the stray field of which changes relative to the underlying sensor as a consequence of mechanical stimuli which are delivered by a piezoactuator. The principle resembles balance sensing in mammals. Measurements of the sensor output voltage suggest a proof of concept at frequencies of around 190 kHz and a tag thickness of ∼300 nm. Characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy and magnetic force microscopy. Micromagnetic and finite-element simulations were conducted to assess basic sensing aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroeder
- Austrian Institute of Technology-AIT, Division Nano Systems, Donau-City-Straße 1, A-1220 Vienna, Austria.
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Pietzner K, Sehouli J, Atz J, Dettmar K, Martinius H, Spannagl R, Seimetz D, Schroeder P, Lindhofer H, Oskay-Özcelik G, Chekerov R, Braicu EI. Effect of catumaxomab on EpCAM+ tumor cells in vitro in the presence of immune effector cells from ovarian cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Schroeder P, Krutmann J. What is needed for a sunscreen to provide complete protection. Skin Therapy Lett 2010; 15:4-5. [PMID: 20361168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Human skin is increasingly exposed to sunlight. In order to achieve complete protection against the cumulative detrimental effects from sun exposure, topical strategies must shield against the range of solar wavelengths that can damage the skin. Importantly, the harm sustained by the skin is not limited to that caused by the ultraviolet (UV) portion of the light spectrum, but also includes the adverse effects inflicted by near infrared energy. Consequently, in an attempt to provide the necessary broad spectrum coverage, innovative research continues through the exploration of new compounds and novel combinations of chemical and physical UV filters with molecules that are capable of interfering with and/or preventing the deleterious effects of infrared A (IRA) radiation. Existing examples of infrared-protective active agents include mitochondrially targeted antioxidants of synthetic or natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroeder
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Schroeder P, Calles C, Benesova T, Macaluso F, Krutmann J. Photoprotection beyond Ultraviolet Radiation – Effective Sun Protection Has to Include Protection against Infrared A Radiation-Induced Skin Damage. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 23:15-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000257259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Altschmied J, Schroeder P, Haendeler J. Nuclear-mitochondrial crosstalk – role in aging processes. Cell Commun Signal 2009. [PMCID: PMC4291755 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-s1-a54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Schuermann BA, Majora M, Schroeder P, Hajimiragha H, Krutmann J. Increased levels of large scale deletions of mtDNA of skin fibroblasts result in increased collagen degradation in dermal skin equivalents. Cell Commun Signal 2009. [PMCID: PMC4291779 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-s1-a67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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15
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Benesova T, Pfeiffer R, Macaluso F, Calles C, Fritsche E, Abel J, Krutmann J, Schroeder P. The circadian rhythm of primary dermal fibroblasts affects infrared-A-induced gene expression. Cell Commun Signal 2009. [PMCID: PMC4291756 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-s1-a55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Macaluso F, Calles C, Krutmann J, Schroeder P. Infrared A-radiation alters the intracellular calciumhomeostasis in human dermal fibroblasts. Cell Commun Signal 2009. [PMCID: PMC4291773 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-s1-a64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Majora M, Wittkampf T, Schuermann BA, Schneider M, Schroeder P, Krutmann J. Functional consequences of mitochondrial DNA deletions in human skin fibroblasts: increased contractile strength in collagen lattices is due to oxidative stress-induced lysyl oxidase activity. Cell Commun Signal 2009. [PMCID: PMC4291775 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-s1-a65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Schroeder P, Calles C, Krutmann J. Prevention of infrared-A radiation mediated detrimental effects in human skin. Skin Therapy Lett 2009; 14:4-5. [PMID: 19609472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoaging and skin damage that is caused by solar radiation is well known. We have recently learned that within the solar spectrum this damage not only results from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, but also from longer wavelengths, in particular near infrared radiation. Accordingly, infrared radiation (IR) has been shown to alter the collagen equilibrium of the dermal extracellular matrix in at least 2 ways: (1) by leading to an increased expression of the collagen degrading enzyme matrixmetalloproteinase-1 while (2) decreasing the de novo synthesis of the collagen itself. Infrared-A (IRA) radiation exposure, therefore, induces similar biological effects to UV, but the underlying mechanisms are substantially different. IRA acts via the mitochondria and therefore protection from IR requires alternative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroeder
- Institut fuer Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Jakob S, Schroeder P, Buechner N, Kunze K, Altschmied J, Haendeler J. Nuclear Shp-2 keeps telomerase reverse transcriptase in the nucleus – new potential anti-aging target. Cell Commun Signal 2009. [PMCID: PMC4291765 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-s1-a60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Schroeder P. Alois Alzheimer †. Eur Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1159/000190919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Barthlow H, Duker G, Forsström E, Löfberg L, Caccese R, Lengel D, Stevenson J, Mount P, Bui K, Schroeder P, Potts W, Williams R, Philp K, Moors J, Valentin J, Bialecki R. Comparison of two intravenous administration methods in a monophasic action potential model. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2008.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kamphausen S, Tüscher O, Schroeder P, Maier S, Bader C, Tebartz van Elst L, Jacob C, Lieb K. Extinction of cognitively conditioned fear in Borderline Personality Disorder. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1072888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schroeder P, Hertel I, Schneider M, Krutmann J. The Effect of Processed Water on Constitutive and Ultraviolet-A-Radiation-Induced Level of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 20:116-9. [PMID: 17167276 DOI: 10.1159/000097984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of the mitochondrial genome is of crucial importance for the cellular energy metabolism, and increased mutation rates are causally related to premature ageing. We demonstrate that replacement of normal deionized water with processed water in cell culture medium decreases the constitutive levels of the most frequent large-scale deletion of the mitochondrial genome in human dermal fibroblasts. In addition the presence of processed water also prevented the generation of the common deletion which was induced in these cells by repetitive UVA irradiation (3 x 8 J/cm(2) daily). Thus, processed water appears to protect the mitochondrial genome and may thus exert anti-oxidative and anti-ageing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroeder
- Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Mahajan R, Blair A, Lynch C, Schroeder P, Hoppin J, Sandler D, Alavanja M. Fonofos Exposure and Incident Cancer in the Agricultural Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s235-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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26
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Schrader SL, Nelson ML, Eidsness L, Benedict L, Brechtelsbauer D, Corum S, Dachtler C, Harris JG, Hearns V, Hedges D, Heins J, Holland P, Johnson K, Schmid L, Schroeder P, Schuller L, Scott H, Tibbitts GM. Education in end-of-life care: bridging disciplinary and institutional boundaries. S D J Med 2005; 58:379-88. [PMID: 16422552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of an interdisciplinary, interinstitutional seminar in palliative care for South Dakota students in medicine, nursing, pharmacy, chaplaincy, and social work. Student outcomes from six seminars conducted during 2001-2004 are reported, and recommendations for future educational efforts are outlined.
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Brieger J, Schroeder P, Mann WJ. VEGF-Subtypspezifische Antwort von Plattenepithelkarzinom- und Endothelzellen auf radioaktive Bestrahlung. Laryngorhinootologie 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-823496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Arzberger P, Schroeder P, Beaulieu A, Bowker G, Casey K, Laaksonen L, Moorman D, Uhlir P, Wouters P. Promoting Access to Public Research Data for Scientific, Economic, and Social Development. Data Sci J 2004. [DOI: 10.2481/dsj.3.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Schroeder P, Zhang H, Klotz LO, Kalyanaraman B, Sies H. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits nitration and dimerization of tyrosine in hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic environments. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 289:1334-8. [PMID: 11741342 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The flavanol (-)-epicatechin is known to protect against peroxynitrite-induced nitration and oxidation reactions. This study investigated the protection afforded by (-)-epicatechin against both these reaction types on one target molecule, the aminoacid tyrosine, in a hydrophilic milieu as well as with a lipophilic tyrosine derivative, N-t-BOC l-tyrosine tert-butyl ester (BTBE), bound to liposomes. The flavanol efficiently attenuated both tyrosine nitration and tyrosine dimerization (which is based on an initial oxidation reaction) and was active in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic systems at similar IC(50) values, approximately 0.02-0.05 mol (-)-epicatechin/mol peroxynitrite. Related procyanidin oligomers of different chain-length (dimer to octamer) were also tested for their protective properties, and exhibited protection that, on a monomer basis, was in the same order of magnitude as those for (-)-epicatechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroeder
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Zafar N, Wallace CM, Kieffer P, Schroeder P, Schootman M, Hamvas A. Improving survival of vulnerable infants increases neonatal intensive care unit nosocomial infection rate. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001; 155:1098-104. [PMID: 11576003 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.155.10.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the factors associated with an increasing rate of nosocomial infections in infants with very low birth weights. METHODS Retrospective review of clinical and nosocomial infection databases for all infants with birth weights of 1500 g or less admitted to an academic neonatal intensive care unit between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1997 (N = 1184). Two study periods were compared: 1991-1995 and 1996-1997. RESULTS Among the 1085 infants who survived beyond 48 hours, the proportion who developed nosocomial infections increased from 22% to 31% (P =.001) and the infection rate increased from 0.5 to 0.8 per 100 patient-days (P<.001) during the period from 1996 to 1997. In that same period, the median duration of indwelling vascular access increased from 10 to 16 days (P<.001), and the median duration of mechanical ventilation increased from 7 to 12 days (P<.001). Although the device-specific rate of bloodstream or respiratory infections did not change, the increase in infections was directly attributable to the increasing proportion of infants who required these devices. In both study periods, the peak incidence of initial infection occurred between 10 and 20 days of age. For the entire sample, proportional hazard models identified birth weight, duration of vascular access, and postnatal corticosteroid exposure as significant contributors to the risk of infection. CONCLUSIONS The increasing number of technology-dependent infants was the primary determinant in the increase of nosocomial infections. Because these infections occur in a small proportion of infants, understanding the host factors that contribute to this vulnerability is necessary to decrease nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zafar
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Münch K, Wolf MF, Gruffaz P, Ottenwaelter C, Bergan M, Schroeder P, Fogt EJ. Use of simple and complex in vitro models for multiparameter characterization of human blood-material/device interactions. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2001; 11:1147-63. [PMID: 11263805 DOI: 10.1163/156856200744246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Medical devices, intended for blood contacting applications, undergo extensive in vitro testing followed by animal and clinical feasibility studies. Besides the use of materials known to be intrinsically blood-compatible, the surface of such devices is often modified with a coating in order to improve the performance characteristics during blood exposure. In vitro evaluation of blood-device interactions accompanies the product development cycle from the early design phase using basic material geometries until final finished-product testing. Specific test strategies can vary significantly depending on the end application, the particular study objectives and variables of interest, and cost. To examine the degree to which findings derived from two different in vitro approaches complement one another, this report contrasts findings from a simple multipass loop model with findings from a simulated cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model. The loop model consists of tubular test materials, with and without surface modification, formed into valved Chandler loops. The CPB model has an oxygenator with and without surface modification connected to a reservoir and a blood pump. The surface modifications studied in this report are the Carmeda BioActive Surface and Duraflo II heparin coatings. Common blood parameters in the categories of coagulation, platelets, hematology, and immunology were monitored in each model. Ideal models employ the optimal level of complexity to study the design variables of interest and to meet practical cost considerations. In the case of medical device design studies, such models should also be predictive of performance. In the more complex and realistic simulated CPB model, experimental design and cost factors prevented easy/optimum manipulation of critical variables such as blood donor (use of paired samples) and heparin level. Testing in the simpler loop model, on the other hand, readily offered manipulation of these variables, and produced findings which overlapped with observations from the more complex CPB model. Thus, the models described here complimented one another. Moreover, conclusions from consistent findings, such as favorable responses associated with the heparin coatings, between the two models were considered to be more robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Münch
- Materials and Biosciences Center, Medtronic Bakken Research Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Schroeder P, Klotz LO, Buchczyk DP, Sadik CD, Schewe T, Sies H. Epicatechin selectively prevents nitration but not oxidation reactions of peroxynitrite. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 285:782-7. [PMID: 11453660 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The flavanol (-)-epicatechin has been found to protect against damage inflicted by peroxynitrite, an inflammatory intermediate. Here, epicatechin was tested in systems of increasing complexity. The compound efficiently protected against nitration of protein tyrosine residues by peroxynitrite (IC(50) approximately 0.02 mol epicatechin/mol peroxynitrite). However, at epicatechin concentrations completely preventing nitration of tyrosine by peroxynitrite, protection against the oxidative inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase or soybean lipoxygenase-1 was marginal (IC(50) > 1 mol epicatechin/mol peroxynitrite), approximately two orders of magnitude less. Likewise, epicatechin was relatively ineffective against oxidation of thiols in cell lysates, and against the oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein in cultured cells. The activation of the kinases Akt/protein kinase B, ERK1/2 and p38-MAPK by peroxynitrite in murine aorta endothelial cells was not altered by epicatechin, suggesting that activation of these kinases is due to processes other than tyrosine nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroeder
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40001 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS Case 1: A 36-year-old woman was admitted because of dizziness and weakness. Her skin and mucosae were pale. There was rather dark stool on the gloved finger at rectal examination, but the patient had not noticed any tarry stools. Case 2: An 89-year-old man in excellent general condition presented with dyspepsia. Physical examination was unremarkable except for a small epigastric hernia. INVESTIGATIONS Endoscopy in Case 1 revealed, at the lesser curvature of the gastric antrum, a submucous tumour covered by a slightly haemorrhagic mucosal erosion. In Case 2 endoscopy similarly revealed an antral submucous tumour. There was no evidence of metastasis in either case. TREATMENT AND COURSE Exploratory laparotomy was performed in both patients. A subtotal gastric resection with gastrojejunostomy was undertaken in Case 1, a submucous excision via an anterior gastrostomy in Case 2. In both cases histology showed a gastrointestinal stromal tumour, but its benignity could not be firmly established even after detailed immunohistological examination. CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal tumours are rare. Although they have particular immunohistological characteristics their benignity cannot usually be definitively established even on the excised specimen. Because more extensive resection does not increase survival time, a resection margin of 1-2 cm is considered adequate. Neither radio- nor chemotherapy are successful. Life-long follow-up is indicated because the tumor's uncertain benignity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Plappert
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Gefässchirurgie, Krankenanstalten Gilead, Bielefeld
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Abstract
Peroxynitrite is a mediator molecule in inflammation, and its biological properties are being studied extensively. Flavonoids, which are natural plant constituents, protect against peroxynitrite and thereby could play an anti-inflammatory role. Procyanidin oligomers of different sizes (monomer through nonamer), isolated from the seeds of Theobroma cacao, were recently examined for their ability to protect against peroxynitrite-dependent oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 and nitration of tyrosine and were found to be effective in attenuating these reactions. The tetramer was particularly efficient at protecting against oxidation and nitration reactions. Epicatechin oligomers found in cocoa powder and chocolate may be a potent dietary source for defense against peroxynitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Arteel
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
Many countries throughout Latin America and the Caribbean are introducing reforms that can profoundly influence how health services are provided and who receives them. Governments in the region identified the need for a network to support health reform by building capacity in analysis and training, both at the Summit of the Americas in 1994 and at the Special Meeting on Health Sector Reform, which was convened in 1995 by an interagency committee of the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, the Inter-American Development Bank, the World Bank, and other multilateral and bilateral agencies. In response, in 1997 the Pan American Health Organization and the United States Agency for the International Development launched the Latin America and Caribbean Regional Health Sector Reform Initiative. The Initiative has approximately US$ 10 million in funding through the year 2002 to support activities in Bolivia, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, and Peru. Now in its third year of implementation, the Initiative supports regional activities seeking to promote more equitable and effective delivery of basic health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Crocco
- División de Desarrollo de Sistemas, OPS/OMS, Washington, D.C., USA.
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Casas J, Zhao Q, Donovan M, Schroeder P, Stokes K, Untereker D. In vitro modulation of macrophage phenotype and inhibition of polymer degradation by dexamethasone in a human macrophage/Fe/stress system. J Biomed Mater Res 1999; 46:475-84. [PMID: 10398008 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19990915)46:4<475::aid-jbm5>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new in vitro accelerated biological model, the macrophage-FeCl2-stress system was used for the evaluation of dexamethasone (DEX)-polymer formulations. This model combines the effects of cells (macrophages), transition metal ions (Fe2+), and polymer stress to promote material biodegradation. The cell and material effects of DEX, either in solution or incorporated into a polyetherurethane matrix (DEX/PEU), were monitored. Cell morphology and hydroperoxide formation in the polymer during cell culturing were characterized. After a subsequent treatment with FeCl2 the development of environmental stress cracking in the polymer was evaluated. We attempted to duplicate the biodegradation of PEU in terms of environmental stress cracking (ESC). Our results support the direct involvement of macrophages in polyetherurethane oxidation, probably by inducing hydroperoxide formation in the polymer structure. Under the influence of stress or strain, polymers with sufficient hydroperoxides degrade in the presence of Fe2+ metal ions in a manner that closely resembles the stress cracking that is observed in vivo. By contrast, polymers treated with either agents that inhibit cell activation and/or the oxidative burst, or with cells with no oxidative burst did not show signs of the biodegradative process. We demonstrated a reduction in hydroperoxide formation and no later ESC development in macrophage-cultured PEU in the presence of DEX in solution or in DEX-loaded PEU. We believe the prevention of initial polymer oxidation by reducing the cell's potential to produce oxidative stress at the tissue-biomaterial interface can directly inhibit the ESC degradation of chronically implanted polymers. The in vitro macrophage-Fe-stress system is a valuable tool for reliable assessment and cost-effective evaluation of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Casas
- Biosciences Laboratory, Materials and Biosciences Center, Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55430, USA
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Schröder J, Kahlke V, Fändrich F, Gebhardt H, Erichsen H, Zabel P, Schroeder P. Glutamine dipeptides-supplemented parenteral nutrition reverses gut mucosal structure and interleukin-6 release of rat intestinal mononuclear cells after hemorrhagic shock. Shock 1998; 10:26-31. [PMID: 9688087 DOI: 10.1097/00024382-199807000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine is an essential substrate for gut mucosal structure, but the role for gut immune function is not fully known. To determine the effect on gut cytokine release in relation to bacterial translocation and gut morphology, a nonlethal hemorrhagic shock (30 min, 30 mmHg) was performed in male Wistar rats followed by 4 days of different way of feeding. A conventional total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution was compared with an isocaloric and isonitrogenous TPN solution supplemented with alanin-L-glutamine and glycyl-L-glutamine. An enteral chow-fed control group was included. Gut mononuclear cells and splenic macrophages were obtained and endotoxin-induced supernatant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) bioactivity was measured. Histological specimen of the small bowel were taken and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were separated. Enteral feeding following hemorrhagic shock was accompanied by a normal mucosal structure and no bacterial translocation could be detected. TPN was characterized by suppression of cytokine release in gut mononuclear cells and splenic macrophages compared with the enteral-fed control (p < .05). Decreased TNF and IL-6 release was associated with a significantly increased mucosal injury score (p < .05) and a high incidence of bacterial translocation to MLN (66%, p < .05 vs. control). Supplementation of glutamine-dipeptides did not prevent TPN-induced bacterial translocation to MLN (p < .05 vs. control) but significantly improved mucosal injury (p < .05 vs. TPN). Down-regulation of TNF release in TPN-fed rats could not be reversed by glutamine dipeptides while IL-6 release was significantly increased compared with TPN-fed animals (p < .05), and no difference to enteral-fed controls could be found. Enteral nutrition following hemorrhagic shock is superior to parenteral nutrition with regard to mucosal structure, cytokine release, and bacterial translocation. Supplementation of TPN with glutamine dipeptides could reverse TPN-induced suppression of IL-6 release and improved mucosal structure, which may be beneficial in various disease conditions in which TPN is an integrated part of patients management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schröder
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University of Kiel, Germany
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Schroeder P, Busse J, Feidicker B, Pflüger M, Lear PA. [Distal femoro-popliteal bypass using Esmarch tourniquet ischemia]. VASA 1998; 27:118-21. [PMID: 9612117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Esmarch bandage is an effective substitute for vascular clamps in distal femoro-popliteal or tibial bypass surgery. Intimal trauma caused by clamping is avoided, vasa vasorum are preserved due to only semicircumferential dissection of vessels. This method is particularly suitable for heavy calcified rigid vessel walls. We demonstrate this technique, which was employed in 8 patients (10 bypasses). The use of this technique requires neither a longer operation- nor clamping time. The postoperative course of all but one patients develops normally and the technique does not provoke any pathological results in the area of operation. Advantages of the procedure compared to conventional techniques will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroeder
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Gefässchirurgie, Krankenanstalten Gilead, Bielefeld
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Schroeder P, Karakulak N, Bogutyn H, Berndt S. [Severe obstipation in the mentally ill and disabled]. Zentralbl Chir 1998; 123:525-530. [PMID: 22462222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Severe constipation is a well recognized symptom amongst disabled or mentally ill patients. Characteristically, these patients live without bowel movements for days and present themselves with abdominal distension and fecal impaction. Inpatient treatment is necessary frequently. Due to intestinal obstruction, diagnostic approaches are often delayed because of lack of cooperation. Data of 94 disabled patients with severe obstipation are presented. 54 patients were admitted to inpatient treatment of constipation or bowel obstruction, 40 were treated for another diagnosis but had severe constipation which required intervention. Ileus or conservatively untreatable constipation led to 16 operations in 14 patients (polypectomy 2, rectopexy 1, cecostoma 5, left hemicolectomy 3, subtotal colectomy 5). Cecostomata are considered not to be effective as definite treatment whereas colonic resection resulted in daily bowel movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroeder
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Gefasschirurgie, Gilead-Krankenanstalten, Bielefeld
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Schroeder P. The future of the quality professional in health care. J Nurs Care Qual 1997; 12:46-53. [PMID: 9397639 DOI: 10.1097/00001786-199712000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Radical changes in health care, organizations, and the quality science have converged, radically altering the role of many, including the quality professional. The very existence of this role remains in question. Should it continue, radical changes are in store for its conduct. It is critical that quality professionals today remain aware of the issues, and strategically move forward to chart a quality direction for both their organizations and their own careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroeder
- Quality Care Concepts, Inc., Theinsville, WI, USA
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Schroeder P. Are you linking competence to outcomes? J Nurs Care Qual 1997; 12:1-2. [PMID: 9397633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroeder
- Quality Care Concepts, Inc., Thiensville, WI 53092-1410, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Transconjunctival peribulbar anesthesia is reported to permit better identification of the bulbar limits because of a better view into the fornix; it is also said to be less painful compared to transcutaneous peribulbar anesthesia. The aim of our study was to compare the two injection techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study comprised 46 patients undergoing eye operations under local anesthesia. They were allocated randomly in a prospective and simple masked study. Twenty-three patients received transconjunctival injections and 23 patients transcutaneous peribulbar injections. Before injection, all patients received Oxybuprocain eyedrops for anesthesia of the conjunctiva. In all cases no separate injections for lid akinesia were performed. Before and 20 min after the injection, the following parameters were assessed: pain score (visual analog scale), frequency of conjunctival chemosis and the necessity for supplemental anesthesia. For identification of the bulbar limits we checked if it was possible to see the caudal and the cranial fornix. RESULTS The transconjunctival injection was significantly (P = 0.05) more painful (5.6 +/- 2.4) than the transcutaneous injection (4.2 +/- 2.4). Among the patients with transconjunctival injection, in 66.6% the cranial fornix could not or was only poorly seen. CONCLUSIONS Transconjunctival peribulbar anesthesia appears not to be more advantageous than transcutaneous peribulbar anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bohlender
- Universitäts-Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Homburg/Saar
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Schroeder P. Linking the pieces of performance improvement. A guest viewpoint. Aspens Advis Nurse Exec 1997; 12:6-7. [PMID: 9271943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Schroeder P. Building follow-up telephone calls into an outcomes assessment approach. J Nurs Care Qual 1997; 11:4-5. [PMID: 9097514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Schroeder P. Managed care and changing healthcare organizations. J Nurs Care Qual 1997; 11:vii. [PMID: 9097511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Schroeder P. Three approaches to comparative data. J Nurs Care Qual 1997; 11:8. [PMID: 9072120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Schroeder P. Performance improvement just got easier. J Nurs Care Qual 1996; 11:2. [PMID: 8987308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Schroeder P. Quality field. J Nurs Care Qual 1996; 10:viii. [PMID: 8783538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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