1
|
Magi CE, Rasero L, Mannucci E, Bonaccorsi G, Ranaldi F, Pazzagli L, Faraoni P, Mulinacci N, Bambi S, Longobucco Y, Dicembrini I, Iovino P. Use of ancient grains for the management of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1110-1128. [PMID: 38553358 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS A systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials was conducted to collate evidence from studies implementing ancient grains and investigate the impact of ancient grain consumption on health outcomes of patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-nine randomized controlled trials were included, and 13 were meta-analyzed. Interventions ranged from 1 day to 24 weeks; most samples were affected by DM type 2 (n = 28 studies) and the ancient grains used were oats (n = 10 studies), brown rice (n = 6 studies), buckwheat (n = 4 studies), chia (n = 3 studies), Job's Tears (n = 2 studies), and barley, Khorasan and millet (n = 1 study). Thirteen studies that used oats, brown rice, and chia provided data for a quantitative synthesis. Four studies using oats showed a small to moderate beneficial effect on health outcomes including LDL-c (n = 717, MD: 0.30 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.42 to -0.17, Z = 4.61, p < 0.05, I2 = 0%), and TC (n = 717, MD: 0.44 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.63 to -0.24, Z = 4.40, p < 0.05, I2 = 0%). Pooled analyses of studies using chia and millet did not show significant effects on selected outcomes. CONCLUSIONS For adults affected by DM type 2, the use of oats may improve lipidic profile. Further experimental designs are needed in interventional research to better understand the effects of ancient grains on diabetes health outcomes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42023422386.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Rasero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mannucci
- Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Ranaldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigia Pazzagli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Faraoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Bambi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Yari Longobucco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dicembrini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Iovino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Faraoni P, Bellumori M, Cecchi L, Zonfrillo B, Innocenti M, Gnerucci A, Mulinacci N, Ranaldi F. AGS Gastric Cells: Antioxidant Activity and Metabolic Effects of Phenolic Extracts from Different Monocultivar Virgin Olive Oils. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1347. [PMID: 37507887 PMCID: PMC10376124 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of the phenolic compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on AGS cells have never been studied so far, which is the aim of this study. The profiles of the main phenolic components in EVOOs, mainly secoiridoid compounds derived from the transformation of oleuropein during the olive milling process, were evaluated and compared. Oils of different origins were evaluated aiming at verifying whether chemical differences in the phenolic composition of the dry extracts played a role in the metabolism and in maintaining the cellular redox state of AGS cells. The following key enzymes of some metabolic pathways were studied: lactate dehydrogenase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and hexokinase. As confirmed through PCA analysis, pretreatments with the dry extracts of EVOOs at different concentrations appeared to be able to counteract the enzymatic activity alterations due to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 1 mM and 2 mM. The studied phytocomplexes showed the ability to protect AGS cells from oxidative damage and the secoiridoid derivatives from both oleuropein and ligstroside contributed to the observed effects. The results suggested that EVOOs with medium to high concentrations of phenols can exert this protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Faraoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Maria Bellumori
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems Management (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale Delle Cascine 16, 50144 Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zonfrillo
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Marzia Innocenti
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Alessio Gnerucci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Francesco Ranaldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, FI, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Faraoni P, Cecchi L, Bellumori M, Gnerucci A, Ranaldi F, Mulinacci N. Virgin Olive Oil By-Products: Biological Activity of Phenolic Extract of Pâté on AGS Gastric Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097959. [PMID: 37175669 PMCID: PMC10178092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pâté is a by-product of olive oil production which represents an abundant source of phenolic compounds and can be used for food formulation, reducing its environmental impact and promoting a circular economy. In this context, the effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of pâté were evaluated for the first time in an AGS human cell line commonly used as model of gastric mucosa. Pâté was obtained from Tuscan olives; the total phenolic content was 16.6 mg/g dried extract, with verbascoside and secoiridoid derivatives as the most abundant phenols. The phenolic pâté extract did not alter viability, distribution of cell cycle phases or proliferation and migration of AGS cells at the tested concentrations. Seven enzymes were chosen to investigate the metabolic effect of the pâté extract in the context of oxidative stress. Pâté produced a statistically significant increase in the activity of key enzymes of some metabolic pathways: Lactate dehydrogenase, Enolase, Pyruvate kinase, Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Citrate synthase, 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and Hexokinase. Pre-treatments with the extract of pâté at 100 µg/mL or 200 µg/mL, as observed through PCA analysis, appeared able to counteract the enzymatic activity alterations due to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 1 mM and 2 mM. The results indicate that dried pâté, due to its phenolic components, can be proposed as a new functional food ingredient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Faraoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems Management (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale Delle Cascine 16, 50144 Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Bellumori
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Gnerucci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Ranaldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Falsini S, Tani C, Sambuco G, Papini A, Faraoni P, Campigli S, Ghelardini L, Bleve G, Rizzo D, Ricciolini M, Scarpelli I, Drosera L, Gnerucci A, Hand FP, Marchi G, Schiff S. Anatomical and biochemical studies of Spartium junceum infected by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex ST 87. Protoplasma 2022; 259:103-115. [PMID: 33860374 PMCID: PMC8752565 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spartium junceum L. is a typical species of Mediterranean shrubland areas, also grown in gardens and parks as an ornamental. In recent years in Europe, S. junceum has been recurrently found to be infected by different subspecies and genotypes of the quarantine regulated bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf). This work presents for the first time the anatomy of S. junceum plants that we found, by means of genetic and immunochemistry analysis, to be naturally infected by Xf subsp. multiplex ST87 (XfmST87) in Monte Argentario (Grosseto, Tuscany, Italy), a new outbreak area within the EU. Our anatomical observations showed that bacteria colonized exclusively the xylem conductive elements and moved horizontally to adjacent vessels through pits. Interestingly, a pink/violet matrix was observed with Toluidine blue staining in infected conduits indicating a high content of acidic polysaccharides. In particular, when this pink-staining matrix was observed, bacterial cells were either absent or degenerated, suggesting that the matrix was produced by the host plant as a defense response against bacterial spread. In addition, a blue-staining phenolic material was found in the vessels and, at high concentration, in the pits and inter-vessels. SEM micrographs confirmed that polysaccharide and phenolic components showed different structures, which appear to be related to two different morphologies: fibrillary and granular, respectively. Moreover, our LM observations revealed bacterial infection in xylem conductive elements of green shoots and leaves only, and not in those of other plant organs such as roots and flowers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Falsini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Firenze, via P.A. Micheli 3, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - C Tani
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Firenze, via P.A. Micheli 3, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - G Sambuco
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Firenze, via P.A. Micheli 3, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - A Papini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Firenze, via P.A. Micheli 3, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - P Faraoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - S Campigli
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50100, Firenze, Italy
| | - L Ghelardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50100, Firenze, Italy
| | - G Bleve
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Rizzo
- Regione Toscana, Servizio Fitosanitario Regionale e di Vigilanza e Controllo Agroforestale, Via A. Manzoni 16, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - M Ricciolini
- Regione Toscana, Servizio Fitosanitario Regionale e di Vigilanza e Controllo Agroforestale, Via A. Manzoni 16, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - I Scarpelli
- Regione Toscana, Servizio Fitosanitario Regionale e di Vigilanza e Controllo Agroforestale, Via A. Manzoni 16, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - L Drosera
- Regione Toscana, Servizio Fitosanitario Regionale e di Vigilanza e Controllo Agroforestale, Via A. Manzoni 16, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - A Gnerucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, (FI), Italy
| | - F Peduto Hand
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43220, USA
| | - G Marchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50100, Firenze, Italy
| | - S Schiff
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Firenze, via P.A. Micheli 3, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Masi S, Laschi S, Pennetta A, Faraoni P, Ranaldi F, De Benedetto GE, Malitesta C. Microfluidic Setup for Simultaneous Separation and Electrochemical Determination of Hg
2+
and Ag
+
Ions in Water. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Di Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali University of Salento Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Serena Laschi
- Ecobioservices and Researches SrL Via Madonna del Piano 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy
| | - Antonio Pennetta
- Dipartimento di Beni Culturali Via per Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Paola Faraoni
- Ecobioservices and Researches SrL Via Madonna del Piano 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy
- Laboratorio Congiunto NanoBioSens, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche “Mario Serio” Università degli Studi di Firenze Viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Firenze Italy
| | - Francesco Ranaldi
- Laboratorio Congiunto NanoBioSens, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche “Mario Serio” Università degli Studi di Firenze Viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Firenze Italy
| | | | - Cosimino Malitesta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali University of Salento Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gnerucci A, Faraoni P, Sereni E, Ranaldi F. Scratch assay microscopy: A reaction-diffusion equation approach for common instruments and data. Math Biosci 2020; 330:108482. [PMID: 33011189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Scratch assay is an easy and widely used "in vitro" technique to study cell migration and proliferation. In this work we focus on its modelling and on the capability to distinguish between these two phenomena that the simpler and common models are not able to disentangle. We adapted a model based on reaction-diffusion equation for being used with common microscopy instruments/data and therefore taking place in the gap between simpler modelling approaches and complex ones. An optimized image analysis pipeline and numerical least-squares fit provide estimates of the scratch proliferation and diffusion coefficients l and D. This work is intended as a first of a series in which the model is tested and its robustness and reproducibility are evaluated. Test samples were NIH3T3 cells scratch assays with proliferation and migration stimulated by varying the foetal bovine serum amount in the culture medium (10%, 7.5%, 5% and 2.5%). Results demonstrate, notwithstanding an expected l-D anticorrelation, the model capability to disentangle them. The 7.5% serum treatment can be identified as the model sensitivity limit. Treat-control l and D variations showed an intra-experiment reproducibility (∼±0.05∕h and ∼±200μm2∕h respectively) consistent with single fit typical uncertainties (∼±0.02∕h and ∼±300μm2∕h respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gnerucci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Paola Faraoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Elettra Sereni
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Ranaldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinic Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baccani I, Faraoni P, Marini M, Gnerucci A, Orsini B, Pecile P, Romano G, Fusi F, Rossolini GM, Antonelli A. Synergistic effect of photodynamic therapy at 400 nm and doxycycline against Helicobacter pylori. Future Microbiol 2020; 14:1199-1205. [PMID: 31625444 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the possible synergy between doxycycline and photodynamic therapy against Helicobacter pylori and to evaluate the possible side effects on adenocarcinoma gastric cells with and without protoporphyrin IX. Materials & methods: Three H. pylori strains (ATCC 700392, 43504 and 49503) were grown on solid medium either with, or without, doxycycline at subinhibitory concentrations, and irradiated for 10, 20 and 30 minutes with a 400 nm-peaked light source. The phototoxicity tests on AGS cells were evaluated by MTT assay. Results: The photodynamic therapy and doxycycline combination showed an antibacterial synergistic effect with no significant toxicities. Conclusion: The synergistic treatment could be considered as an interesting therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Baccani
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Faraoni
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Matilde Marini
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Gnerucci
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Orsini
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pecile
- Clinical Microbiology & Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romano
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Franco Fusi
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Gian M Rossolini
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Clinical Microbiology & Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Antonelli
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gnerucci A, Faraoni P, Calusi S, Fusi F, Romano G. Influence of stomach mucosa tissue on the efficacy of intragastric antibacterial PDT. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:34-39. [PMID: 31799583 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT), optimization of the in vivo therapeutic efficacy needs a comprehensive study of the photo-killing action spectrum that depends on both the photosensitizer (PS) absorption and the tissue optical properties. This is especially true in the case of gastric infections by Helicobacter pylori: PS absorption has been largely investigated in vitro, while the contribution of tissue optical properties and illumination geometry has been poorly studied, despite being parameters that reflect the specific in vivo conditions. To investigate their influence, we focussed on the case of a point-like light source positioned in the antrum. This models a therapeutic device developed by our team which consists of a LED-based ingestible pill. By a simple 3D illumination model, our approach mediates light-tissue interaction over the illuminated stomach wall surface, then calculates its average transmittance T by means of a 1D model representative of the mean gastric mucosa structure. Finally, by merging T(λ) with the photosensitizers' absorption we obtained the in vivo action spectrum. This shows two peaks at about 500 and 630 nm, indicating a noticeable influence of the tissue with respect to in vitro studies, where the action spectrum reflects PS absorption only. Our approach defines one average action spectrum for this specific therapeutic context, which reflects the need to choose one emission spectrum for the light source used. The proposed methodology could be applied to any other illumination geometry of cave organs, provided appropriate model modifications for the light source and tissue characteristics are made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gnerucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, I-50139, Italy
| | - P Faraoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, I-50139, Italy
| | - S Calusi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, I-50139, Italy
| | - F Fusi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, I-50139, Italy.
| | - G Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, I-50139, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Faraoni P, Sereni E, Gnerucci A, Cialdai F, Monici M, Ranaldi F. Glyoxylate cycle activity in Pinus pinea seeds during germination in altered gravity conditions. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 139:389-394. [PMID: 30959447 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work inserts in the research field regarding the effects of altered gravity conditions on biological plant processes. Pinus pinea seeds germination was studied in simulated microgravity (2x10-3g) and hypergravity (20g) conditions. The effects of simulated gravity were evaluated monitoring the levels of the key enzymes, involved in the main metabolic pathway during germination process of lipid-rich seeds (oilseeds): isocitrate lyase and malate synthase for glyoxylate cycle, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase for beta-oxidation, isocitrate dehydrogenase for Krebs cycle, pyruvate kinase for glycolysis and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase for pentose phosphate shunt. The simulated micro and hypergravity conditions were obtained by a Random Position Machine and a Hyperfuge, respectively. Results show that the levels of some tested enzymes, at different lag times of the germination process, have the same trend of controls (g = 1), but with significant differences from quantitative point of view. They are higher in microgravity conditions and lower in hypergravity ones, suggesting that, from a biochemical point of view, the germination process results accelerated in microgravity conditions and delayed in hypergravity ones. These biochemical results show a good correlation with morphological ones, obtained with the measurement of the length of the seeds sprouting radicle. These results give promising indications regarding the possibility to grow plant with lipid-rich seeds in spatial environment, to obtain food sources for astronauts during long term space missions and to reconstitute new atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Faraoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Elettra Sereni
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Research Division & Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Gnerucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cialdai
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Research Division & Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Monici
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Research Division & Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Ranaldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Faraoni P, Gnerucci A, Ranaldi F, Orsini B, Romano G, Fusi F. Side effects of intra-gastric photodynamic therapy: an in vitro study. J Photochem Photobiol B 2018; 186:107-115. [PMID: 30029036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since many years it has been acknowledged that some bacterial species, among which H. pylori, P. aeruginosa, P. acnes accumulate endogenous photosensitizers (PS) in the form of porphyrins. This makes antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) easier to perform due to the possible avoidance of external PS. In this study, we focus on gastric infections associated with the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), known to accumulate and release both protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and coproporphyrins. PDT versus H. pylori can be carried out by modified endoscopes or by new ingestible luminous devices under development. In both cases of in vitro and in vivo applications, either for therapy (PDT) or diagnosis, scientific literature lacks studies on the possible side-effects of light treatments on the surrounding tissues. To this aim we evaluated in vitro side-effects due to a possible intrinsic photosensitivity of gastric mucosa or to a photosensitization by the PS released from the bacterium itself. Photo-toxicity studies were conducted on the AGS cell line (ATCC® CRL-1739™), commonly used as a model for the stomach mucosa tissue, considering PPIX as the photosensitizing agent. After first evaluations of PPIX dark toxicity, its uptake and accumulation sites, photo-toxicity tests were conducted using a LED light source peaked at 400 nm, by varying both PPIX concentration (50 nM - 2 μM) and light dose in the range 0.6-13 J/cm2, representing different treatment procedures found in literature. The oxidative stress consequent to irradiation was investigated both in terms of ROS production and assessment of the activity of enzymes involved in ROS-related biological mechanisms. A significant phototoxic effect was found only for PPIX concentration > 100 nM for all tested light doses. This indicates that the evaluated photo-treatments do not cause side effects even with the sensitization due to PPIX released by the bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Faraoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Gnerucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Ranaldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Orsini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Franco Fusi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, University of Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Colecchia D, Nicolato E, Ravagli C, Faraoni P, Strambi A, Rossi M, Doumett S, Mosconi E, Locatelli E, Comes Franchini M, Balzi M, Baldi G, Marzola P, Chiariello M. EGFR-Targeted Magnetic Nanovectors Recognize, in Vivo, Head and Neck Squamous Cells Carcinoma-Derived Tumors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1230-1235. [PMID: 29259739 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are a diverse group of tumors with high morbidity and mortality that have remained mostly unchanged over the past decades. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is often overexpressed and activated in these tumors and strongly contributes to their pathogenesis. Still, EGFR-targeted therapies such as monoclonal antibodies and kinase inhibitors have demonstrated only limited improvements in the clinical outcome of this disease. Here, we take advantage of the extraordinary affinity of EGF for its cognate receptor to specifically target magnetite-containing nanoparticles to HNSCC cells and mediate, in vitro, their cellular upload. On the basis of this, we show efficient accumulation, in vivo, of such nanoparticles in subcutaneous xenograft tumor tissues in sufficient amounts to be able to mediate visualization by magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, our EGF-coated nanosystem may warrant, in the near future, novel and very efficient theranostic approaches to HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Colecchia
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto Toscano Tumori-AOU Senese, Core Research Laboratory, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Costanza Ravagli
- Dipartimento
di Nanobiotecnologie, Colorobbia Consulting-Cericol, Via Pietramarina 53, 50053 Sovigliana Vinci, Italy
| | - Paola Faraoni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche “Mario Serio”, Università di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Angela Strambi
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto Toscano Tumori-AOU Senese, Core Research Laboratory, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Rossi
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto Toscano Tumori-AOU Senese, Core Research Laboratory, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Saer Doumett
- Dipartimento
di Nanobiotecnologie, Colorobbia Consulting-Cericol, Via Pietramarina 53, 50053 Sovigliana Vinci, Italy
| | | | - Erica Locatelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Comes Franchini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Balzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche “Mario Serio”, Università di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baldi
- Dipartimento
di Nanobiotecnologie, Colorobbia Consulting-Cericol, Via Pietramarina 53, 50053 Sovigliana Vinci, Italy
| | | | - Mario Chiariello
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Istituto Toscano Tumori-AOU Senese, Core Research Laboratory, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Romano G, Tortora G, Orsini B, Faraoni P, Gnerucci A, Calusi S, Menciassi A, Fusi F. Ingestible capsule for minimally-invasive intragastric PDT against Helicobacter pylori. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
Balzi M, Ringressi MN, Faraoni P, Booth C, Taddei A, Boni L, Bechi P. B-cell lymphoma 2 and β-catenin expression in colorectal cancer and their prognostic role following surgery. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:553-60. [PMID: 25738398 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of colorectal cancer depends on the stage of the disease. However, even within the same stage there may be different outcomes in terms of recurrence and survival. Therefore, it is clear that as well as pathological stage, novel biomarkers that are capable of improving risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making are required. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential roles of two previously proposed biomarkers of tumour status: B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and β-catenin. A total of 412 patients undergoing surgery for primary colorectal cancer were studied. Tumour specimens of the patients were collected, fixed and processed for immunohistochemical detection of Bcl-2 and β-catenin. The data were then analyzed in relation to disease-free survival and overall survival. Pathological stage was the only variable that was significantly correlated with both disease-free and overall survival. The expression levels of neither Bcl-2 nor β-catenin were able to accurately predict prognosis. However, there was a clear association between nuclear β-catenin expression levels and disease-free survival in the three tumour stages. There was an increased hazard ratio in stage I and II nuclear β-catenin positive tumours, whereas there was a marked decrease in risk in stage III positive tumours. A similar effect was also observed with regards to overall survival, however this finding was not significant. The results of the present study suggest that conventional pathological tumour staging is the only accurate prognostic method. Neither Bcl-2 or β-catenin were shown to be useful biomarkers for the prognosis of colorectal cancer. However, the heterogeneous behaviour of nuclear β-catenin expression in the various tumour stages may indicate a possible role in predicting the response of patients to chemotherapy. Therefore, nuclear β-catenin expression may be a biomarker for the prediction of improved responses to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Balzi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Ringressi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Paola Faraoni
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Catherine Booth
- Epistem Limited, Incubator Building, Manchester M13 9XX, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Luca Boni
- Clinical Trials Coordinating Center, Careggi Hospital and Tumour Institute of Tuscany, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Paolo Bechi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cellai I, Petrangolini G, Tortoreto M, Pratesi G, Luciani P, Deledda C, Benvenuti S, Ricordati C, Gelmini S, Ceni E, Galli A, Balzi M, Faraoni P, Serio M, Peri A. In vivo effects of rosiglitazone in a human neuroblastoma xenograft. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:685-92. [PMID: 20068562 PMCID: PMC2837558 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumour in infants. Unfortunately, most children present with advanced disease and have a poor prognosis. There is in vitro evidence that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) might be a target for pharmacological intervention in NB. We have previously demonstrated that the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ) exerts strong anti-tumoural effects in the human NB cell line, SK-N-AS. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether RGZ maintains its anti-tumoural effects against SK-N-AS NB cells in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS For this purpose, tumour cells were subcutaneously implanted in nude mice, and RGZ (150 mg kg(-1)) was administered by gavage daily for 4 weeks. At the end of treatment, a significant tumour weight inhibition (70%) was observed in RGZ-treated mice compared with control mice. The inhibition of tumour growth was supported by a strong anti-angiogenic activity, as assessed by CD-31 immunostaining in tumour samples. The number of apoptotic cells, as determined by cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining, seemed lower in RGZ-treated animals at the end of the treatment period than in control mice, likely because of the large tumour size observed in the latter group. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that RGZ effectively inhibits tumour growth in a human NB xenograft and our results suggest that PPARgamma agonists may have a role in anti-tumoural strategies against NB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Cellai
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, Center for Research, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Altieri S, Balzi M, Bortolussi S, Bruschi P, Ciani L, Clerici AM, Faraoni P, Ferrari C, Gadan MA, Panza L, Pietrangeli D, Ricciardi G, Ristori S. Carborane Derivatives Loaded into Liposomes as Efficient Delivery Systems for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7829-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900763b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Altieri
- Department of Nuclear and Theoretical Physics, University of Pavia and INFN, Pavia, Italy
- National Institute For Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Pavia, Italy
| | - M. Balzi
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S. Bortolussi
- Department of Nuclear and Theoretical Physics, University of Pavia and INFN, Pavia, Italy
- National Institute For Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Pavia, Italy
| | - P. Bruschi
- Department of Nuclear and Theoretical Physics, University of Pavia and INFN, Pavia, Italy
| | - L. Ciani
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A. M. Clerici
- Department of Surgery, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P. Faraoni
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - C. Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M. A. Gadan
- Department of Nuclear and Theoretical Physics, University of Pavia and INFN, Pavia, Italy
- National Commission for Atomic Energy (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L. Panza
- DISCAFF, University of Oriental Piemonte, Novara, Italy
| | - D. Pietrangeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - G. Ricciardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - S. Ristori
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Becciolini A, Balzi M, Barbarisi M, Faraoni P, Biggeri A, Potten CS. 3H-thymidine labelling index (TLI) as a marker of tumour growth heterogeneity: evaluation in human solid carcinomas. Cell Prolif 2003; 30:117-26. [PMID: 9375024 PMCID: PMC6495404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies deal with the analysis of cell kinetic, cytogenetic, biochemical and molecular cell biology parameters to identify prognostic factors relating to tumour growth but all methods use only a small part of the total tumour mass. This study is devoted to the analysis of the heterogeneity of the growth of human solid tumours assaying proliferative activity by means of 3H-thymidine labelling index (TLI) in a fixed number of samples collected in different areas of the lesion (larynx and colon cancers), or in different lesions of the same subject (breast and bladder cancers). Each sample (at the macroscopic level) was divided into small fragments (at the microscopic level) and proliferative activity was determined. The analysis of variance for hierarchical designs demonstrated that in all cases a high component of the variance is attributable to the subjects and to the fragments whereas the variance attributable to the different areas is very low. The heterogeneity of proliferative activity displays a higher focal variability among the fragments (microscopic level) compared with that among areas (macroscopic level) within subjects, provided an adequate number of fragments and cells are counted. In multiple synchronous carcinoma of the bladder the wide variability of proliferation among the single lesions demonstrated that it is necessary to analyse all the tumours in a subject because each one is characterized by a different cell growth potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Becciolini
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Becciolini A, Porciani S, Lanini A, Balzi M, Faraoni P. Proposal for biochemical dosimeter for prolonged space flights. Phys Med 2002; 17 Suppl 1:185-6. [PMID: 11776255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation dosimetry has been developed by means of physical, chemical and biological methods. A different approach to calculate the absorbed dose is related to the assay in body fluids of some molecules that modify their concentration after irradiation. The salivary glands in humans appear particularly radiosensitive and the effects of ionizing radiation can be evaluated by means of the determination of serum amylase (produced by acinar cells) and Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA, synthesized by ductal cells). Patients submitted to external radiotherapy for tumours localized in the head and neck region show early and late effects on salivary glands. The modification of amylase activity and TPA appear as a progressive statistically significant increase within two days. Levels of 200-300% of baseline value are reached, followed by a rapid return to preirradiation levels. The use of different doses per fraction and fractionation schedules (conventional or multiple daily fractionations) confirm the direct correlation between the absorbed dose and serum amylase and TPA levels. It is worth noting that the irradiation of pancreas region did not produce any effect on amylase activity. The correlation may be assumed as linear for a short dose range (2-6 Gy) whereas in the range from 0.5 to 10 Gy a sigmoid curve represents the experimental data. Both molecules confirm their capability to quantify the absorbed dose in patients with thyroid carcinoma submitted to metabolic treatment with iodine-131. The effects of radiation are species-specific and are absent in laboratory mammals. The easiness of the determination of serum amylase and TPA lead us to propose the test as biochemical dosimeter for cosmic rays exposure during prolonged staying in the space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Becciolini
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Porciani S, Lanini A, Balzi M, Faraoni P, Becciolini A. Polyamines as biochemical indicators of radiation injury. Phys Med 2002; 17 Suppl 1:187-8. [PMID: 11776256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for parameters of different nature to quantify radiation damage is carrying on from many years in humans and lab animals. The polyamines (spermidine and spermine) are ubiquitous polycations with many metabolic functions and can be easily assayed by HPLC method. Their involvement in cell proliferation has been evidenced in healthy and tumour tissues. Statistically significant reductions have been demonstrated in tissues and in red blood cells (RBC), in animals and in patients treated by total body irradiation (TBI) before bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In rats submitted to TBI with 3 Gy of gamma radiations, tissue polyamines significantly decrease during the early phase of injury in tissues with high proliferative activity (small intestine, spleen) whereas do not show any modification in kidney. When recovery takes place, the polyamines significantly increase and return to control levels when a normal morphology is restored. In patients submitted to radiation therapy, polyamines have been determined in urine and in RBC of patients with carcinoma of uterine cervix, head and neck and prostate, treated by external radiotherapy, and with thyroid cancer treated with iodine-131 therapy. The most interesting results has been obtained with RBC: in patients treated on the pelvis for prostate cancer a significant reduction during radiotherapy occurs, followed by the maintenance of low levels in patients with favourable outcome. It should be noted that polyamine levels before treatment appeared significantly higher than in healthy controls. After TBI the RBC polyamines show a dramatic fall to extremely low levels during the phase of marrow aplasia. The values show an increase corresponding to the engraftment of transplanted cells and to the following marrow repopulation. These evidences make the RBC polyamines very interesting parameters to monitor the radiation effects on humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Porciani
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wilson JW, Deed RW, Inoue T, Balzi M, Becciolini A, Faraoni P, Potten CS, Norton JD. Expression of Id helix-loop-helix proteins in colorectal adenocarcinoma correlates with p53 expression and mitotic index. Cancer Res 2001; 61:8803-10. [PMID: 11751402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Id helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins function as regulators of cell growth and differentiation and when overexpressed can induce malignant transformation. In a series of 34 cases of primary human colorectal adenocarcinoma, immunoreactivity for Id1, Id2, and Id3 was found to be significantly elevated in tumor compared with normal mucosa (P = 0.001 for Id1 and Id2; P = 0.002 for Id3). No elevation of Id expression was observed in 17 cases of adenoma. Expression of Id1 and to a lesser extent of Id2 was correlated with mitotic index (P = 0.005 for Id1; P = 0.042 for Id2) in human adenocarcinomas, and expression of all three Id proteins was correlated with p53 immunoreactivity (a marker of mutational 'inactivation' of p53 function; P = 0.002 for Id1; P = 0.006 for Id2; P = 0.016 for Id3). In normal intestinal mucosa of p53-null mice and in spontaneous tumors arising in Min+/- mice, expression of all three Id proteins was also found to be up-regulated. Antisense oligonucleotide blockade of Id protein expression inhibited the proliferation of human adenocarcinoma cells. Enforced, ectopic expression of the E47 basic HLH (bHLH) protein in human adenocarcinoma cell lines efficiently sequestered endogenous Id proteins as Id-bHLH heterodimers, as shown by coimmunoprecipitation and subcellular colocalization studies. This led to growth arrest of the cells. Enforced overexpression of a mutant E47 protein, deficient in transactivation and DNA binding function, also partially inhibited cell growth. Taken together, these data imply that deregulated expression of Id proteins in colorectal adenocarcinoma arises at least in part as a consequence of loss of p53 function and contributes to the uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Wilson
- Cancer Research Campaign Epithelial Biology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
We have found that the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, Bcl-w, was frequently expressed in colorectal adenocarcinomas, with 69/75 showing positive staining with anti-Bcl-w IgG. Adenomas demonstrated a much lower frequency of Bcl-w expression (only 1 of 17), as did adenocarcinomas from other epithelial tissues such as breast (0/8), stomach (1112) and cervix (0/12). Bcl-w status could be related to the histopathological classification of the tumours, with TNM stage III tumours showing significantly higher levels of expression than tumours of better prognostic grade (at P = 0.009). Those patients with node involvement also had tumours with significantly elevated levels of Bcl-w (at P = 0.02), compared to those which were node-negative. The results suggest that Bcl-w could play a general role in the progression from adenoma to adenocarcinoma in the colorectal epithelium. Currently, more data are being collected to allow us to assess the importance of Bcl-w for disease progression and patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Wilson
- CRC Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cianchi F, Balzi M, Becciolini A, Faraoni P, Pucciani F, Perigli G, Bechi P, Palomba A, Ciancio G, Cortesini C. Relationship between s-phase fraction and clinical outcome after surgery for colorectal carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(99)80679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
22
|
Cianchi F, Balzi M, Becciolini A, Giachè V, Messerini L, Palomba A, Tisti E, Faraoni P, Chellini F, Pucciani F, Perigli G, Cortesini C. Correlation between DNA content and p53 deletion in colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg 1999; 165:363-8. [PMID: 10365839 DOI: 10.1080/110241599750006910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out whether tumour DNA content correlates with allelic loss of p53 and other pathological features in primary colorectal carcinomas. DESIGN Ongoing prospective study. SETTING University hospital, Italy. SUBJECTS 128 patients who had undergone radical resections for colorectal carcinoma. INTERVENTIONS Flow cytometric measurement of tumour DNA content and detection of allelic loss on the short arm of chromosome 17 by Southern blot (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis in fresh tumour specimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Correlation between DNA ploidy and deletion of p53, as well as between these two genetic events and clinicopathological variables. RESULTS Interpretable DNA histograms were obtained for 122 tumour specimens. Forty-three tumours (35%) were diploid and 79 (65%) aneuploid. The diploid tumours were significantly more common in the proximal colon (from the caecum to the splenic flexure) than in the distal colon (from the descending colon to the rectum) (p = 0.002). The allelic state on the short arm of chromosome 17 was evaluated in 80 heterozygous patients. Forty-four tumour specimens (55%) showed deletion of 17p. Allelic loss of p53 was significantly more common in the distal and rectal tumours than in the proximal ones (p < 0.0001). Aneuploidy was more common among those tumours which had shown deletion of p53 than in those that had not (p = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS DNA aneuploidy was significantly associated with the deletion of the p53 gene. This suggests that the functional loss of p53 may favour the growth and establishment of an aneuploid cell population within tumours. Tumours of the proximal and distal colon differ in their genetic nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Cianchi
- Clinica Chirurgica Generale, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Becciolini A, Balzi M, Faraoni P, Tisti E, Zappoli Thyrion G, Giachè V, Bandettini L, Potten CS. Colonic cell proliferation in normal mucosa of patients with colon cancer. Acta Oncol 1998; 37:65-71. [PMID: 9572656 DOI: 10.1080/028418698423195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell kinetics parameters have been analysed in colonic mucosa at different distances from a tumour in patients with colon carcinoma. Total cell number (TCN), 3H thymidine labelling index (TLI), mitotic index (MI), Goblet cell index (GCI) and the distribution of labelled cells along the crypt column (cell position frequency plot) were determined in well-aligned crypts. Total cell number, GCI and the labelled cell position frequency plots were similar in different samples from the same individual. A negative linear correlation between TCN and TLI was observed. The analysis of the cell position plots showed two patterns 1) with a high concentration in the bottom fifth of the crypt and 2) with frequent labelled cells at high positions. Whereas a negative correlation between overall TLI and the percent contribution to the TLI of the lowermost fifth was seen, the correlation was positive for the next 3 fifths and labelling was absent in the last part of the crypt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Becciolini
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Becciolini A, Balzi M, Barbarisi M, Faraoni P, Biggeri A, Potten CS. 3H‐Thymidine labelling index (TLI) as a marker of tumour growth heterogeneity: evaluation in human solid carcinomas. Cell Prolif 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1997.tb00928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Becciolini
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M. Balzi
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M. Barbarisi
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - P. Faraoni
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A. Biggeri
- Department of Statistics, Viale Morgagni, Florence, Italy
| | - C. S. Potten
- Epithelial Biology, Paterson Institute, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Meacci E, Vasta V, Faraoni P, Farnararo M, Bruni P. Potentiated bradykinin-induced increase of 1,2-diacylglycerol generation and phospholipase D activity in human senescent fibroblasts. Biochem J 1995; 312 ( Pt 3):799-803. [PMID: 8554523 PMCID: PMC1136185 DOI: 10.1042/bj3120799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
1. The comparative study of the effect of bradykinin (BK) in young and old IMR-90 human fibroblasts shows that old cells are characterized by a reduced increase in 1,2-diacylglycerol (1,2-DAG) generation upon stimulation after short-term treatment and a significant higher increase after long-term agonist treatment. BK-induced activation of phospholipase D (PLD), the major enzyme involved in sustained 1,2-DAG generation, was 2.5-fold higher in old cells, strongly suggesting that it is involved in the potentiated increase of 1,2-DAG formation. The increased activation of PLD by BK in old cells was specific, since in parallel experiments the effect of thrombin was not significantly different in young and old cells. PLD activity in old cells was only reduced by down-regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity, in contrast to what was observed in young cells where it was completely abolished. This indicates that the enzyme activity in old cells was partially PKC-independent. BK was also able to increase the release of [14C]ethanolamine, a water-soluble product of hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), through PLD activation in young and old cells. The BK effect was significantly higher in old cells and, very likely, PKC-independent, since phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate failed to induce PtdEtn hydrolysis. 2. The present results indicate that the PLD/1,2-DAG pathway is specifically potentiated by BK in old fibroblasts, demonstrating that the formation of positive effectors of PKC activation is not necessarily decreased in cellular senescence. It remains to be established whether the increased generation of DAG upon BK stimulation plays any role in the altered PKC signalling pathway which characterizes old fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Meacci
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|