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Placidi G, D'Agostino E, Maltese PE, Savastano MC, Gambini G, Rizzo S, Bonetti G, Bertelli M, Chiurazzi P, Falsini B. A novel homozygous splice site variant in ARL2BP causes a syndromic autosomal recessive rod-cone dystrophy with situs inversus, asthenozoospermia, unilateral renal agenesis and microcysts. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:100. [PMID: 38649918 PMCID: PMC11036775 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report presents a clinical case of syndromic rod-cone dystrophy due to a splice site variant in the ARL2BP gene causing situs inversus, asthenozoospermia, unilateral renal agenesis and microcysts. The presence of renal agenesis and cryptorchidism expands the clinical manifestations due to ARL2BP variants. The detailed, long-term follow-up contributes valuable insights into disease progression, aiding clinical diagnosis and patient management. CASE PRESENTATION The male patient complained of photophobia as the first symptom when he was 20 years old followed by nyctalopia, loss of central visual acuity and peripheral visual field ten years later. Genetic analysis identified a likely pathogenic homozygous variant (c.294-1G > C) involving the splicing acceptor site of intron 4. Reported symptoms together with full-field stimulus threshold testing, electroretinogram and advanced multimodal imaging allowed us to recognize the typical characteristics of a mixed retinal dystrophy. Despite the end-stage retinal disease, this patient still retained a useful residual vision at 63 years and had a slow disease progression during the last 5 years of evaluation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the variable clinical presentation of ARL2BP variants, emphasizing the importance of a nuanced approach in diagnosing and managing patients. The presence of renal cysts warrants consideration of a differential diagnosis, particularly with Senior-Loken (SLS), Bardet-Biedl (BBS) and Joubert syndromes (JS) but also with Short Rib Thoracic Dysplasia 9, highlighting the need for careful phenotypic evaluation in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Placidi
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena D'Agostino
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Savastano
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Gambini
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Stanislao Rizzo
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bonetti
- MAGI'S LAB, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, 107 Technology Parkway, 30092, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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Kaftalli J, Donato K, Bonetti G, Dhuli K, Macchia A, Maltese PE, Louise Herbst K, Michelini S, Chiurazzi P, Hill M, Michelini S, Michelini S, Marceddu G, Bernini A, Bertelli M. Author Correction: Aldo-keto reductase 1C2 (AKR1C2) as the second gene associated to non-syndromic primary lipedema: investigating activating mutation or overexpression as causative factors. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:2626. [PMID: 38567622 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202403_35776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Correction to: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27 (6 Suppl): 127-136-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34697 After publication and following some post-publication concerns, the authors have applied the following corrections to the galley proof. - The conflict of interest section has been amended as follows: J. Kaftalli and G. Marceddu are employees at MAGI EUREGIO. K. Donato is employee at MAGI EUREGIO and MAGISNAT. M. Bertelli is president of MAGI EUREGIO, MAGISNAT, and MAGI's LAB. G. Bonetti, K. Dhuli, A. Macchia, and P.E. Maltese are employees at MAGI's LAB. M. Bertelli, P.E. Maltese, K. Louise Herbst, Sa. Michelini, Se. Michelini, and P. Chiurazzi are patent inventors (US20220362260A1). M. Bertelli, P.E. Maltese, G. Marceddu are patent inventors (US20230173003A1). M. Bertelli, K. Dhuli and P.E. Maltese are patent inventors (WO2022079498A1). M. Bertelli, P.E. Maltese, Sa. Michelini, Se. Michelini, P. Chiurazzi, K. Louise Herbst, J. Kaftalli, K. Donato, and A. Bernini are patent applicants (Application Number 18/516,241). M. Bertelli, K. Donato, P. Chiurazzi, G. Marceddu, K. Dhuli, G. Bonetti and J. Kaftalli are patent applicants (Application Number: 18/466.879). M. Bertelli, G. Bonetti, G. Marceddu, K. Donato, K. Dhuli, J. Kaftalli, Sa. Michelini, and K. Louise Herbst are patent applicants (Application Number 63/495,155). The remaining authors have no conflict of interest to disclose. - Figure 5 has been modified as follows to better distinguish outliers: - The legend of Figure 5 has to be modified as follows: Relative expression of AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 in different groups (CTR = non affected controls, L = lipedema patients without overexpression of AKR1C2, L-over = Lipedema patients with overexpression of AKR1C2), showing that lipedema patients expressed AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 levels similar to the control group. Outliers are reported as black triangles. There are amendments to this paper. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/34697.
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D’Esposito F, Randazzo V, Vega MI, Esposito G, Maltese PE, Torregrossa S, Scibetta P, Listì F, Gagliano C, Scalia L, Pioppo A, Marino A, Piergentili M, Malvone E, Fioretti T, Vitrano A, Piccione M, Avitabile T, Salvatore F, Bertelli M, Costagliola C, Cordeiro MF, Maggio A, D’Alcamo E. RP1 Dominant p.Ser740* Pathogenic Variant in 20 Knowingly Unrelated Families Affected by Rod-Cone Dystrophy: Potential Founder Effect in Western Sicily. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:254. [PMID: 38399542 PMCID: PMC10890639 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited rod-cone dystrophy (RCD), resulting in nyctalopia, progressive visual field, and visual acuity decay in the late stages. The autosomal dominant form (ADRP) accounts for about 20% of RPs. Among the over 30 genes found to date related to ADRP, RP1 pathogenic variants have been identified in 5-10% of cases. In a cohort of RCD patients from the Palermo province on the island of Sicily, we identified a prevalent nonsense variant in RP1, which was associated with ADRP. The objective of our study was to analyse the clinical and molecular data of this patient cohort and to evaluate the potential presence of a founder effect. Materials and Methods. From 2005 to January 2023, 84 probands originating from Western Sicily (Italy) with a diagnosis of RCD or RP and their relatives underwent deep phenotyping, which was performed in various Italian clinical institutions. Molecular characterisation of patients and familial segregation of pathogenic variants were carried out in different laboratories using Sanger and/or next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results. Among 84 probands with RCD/RP, we found 28 heterozygotes for the RP1 variant c.2219C>G, p.Ser740* ((NM_006269.2)*, which was therefore significantly prevalent in this patient cohort. After a careful interview process, we ascertained that some of these patients shared the same pedigree. Therefore, we were ultimately able to define 20 independent family groups with no traceable consanguinity. Lastly, analysis of clinical data showed, in our patients, that the p.Ser740* nonsense variant was often associated with a late-onset and relatively mild phenotype. Conclusions. The high prevalence of the p.Ser740* variant in ADRP patients from Western Sicily suggests the presence of a founder effect, which has useful implications for the molecular diagnosis of RCD in patients coming from this Italian region. This variant can be primarily searched for in RP-affected subjects displaying compatible modes of transmission and phenotypes, with an advantage in terms of the required costs and time for analysis. Moreover, given its high prevalence, the RP1 p.Ser740* variant could represent a potential candidate for the development of therapeutic strategies based on gene editing or translational read-through therapy for suppression of nonsense variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana D’Esposito
- Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG) Unit, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.)
- Genofta s.r.l., Sant’Agnello, 80065 Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Randazzo
- Eye Clinic, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (V.R.); (S.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Maria Igea Vega
- Department of Genetics, Oncohaematology and Rare Diseases, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.I.V.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (F.S.)
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | | | | | - Paola Scibetta
- Eye Clinic, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (V.R.); (S.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Florinda Listì
- Department of Genetics, Oncohaematology and Rare Diseases, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.I.V.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Caterina Gagliano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Lucia Scalia
- Eye Clinic, Catania University, Policlinico “Rodolico”-San Marco, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (T.A.)
| | | | - Antonio Marino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Garibaldi Hospital, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Marco Piergentili
- Department of Ophthalmology, Careggi Teaching Hospital, 50100 Florence, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Malvone
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Tiziana Fioretti
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Angela Vitrano
- Department of Genetics, Oncohaematology and Rare Diseases, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.I.V.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Maria Piccione
- Department of Genetics, Oncohaematology and Rare Diseases, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.I.V.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Teresio Avitabile
- Eye Clinic, Catania University, Policlinico “Rodolico”-San Marco, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (F.S.)
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Ciro Costagliola
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.)
| | | | - Aurelio Maggio
- Department of Genetics, Oncohaematology and Rare Diseases, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.I.V.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Elena D’Alcamo
- Department of Genetics, Oncohaematology and Rare Diseases, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.I.V.); (F.L.); (A.V.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (E.D.)
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Kaftalli J, Donato K, Bonetti G, Dhuli K, Macchia A, Maltese PE, Louise Herbst K, Michelini S, Chiurazzi P, Hill M, Michelini S, Michelini S, Marceddu G, Bernini A, Bertelli M. Aldo-keto reductase 1C2 (AKR1C2) as the second gene associated to non-syndromic primary lipedema: investigating activating mutation or overexpression as causative factors. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:127-136. [PMID: 38112953 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipedema is a debilitating chronic condition predominantly affecting women, characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat in a symmetrical, bilateral pattern in the extremities, often coinciding with hormonal imbalances. PATIENTS AND METHODS Despite the conjectured role of sex hormones in its etiology, a definitive link has remained elusive. This study explores the case of a patient possessing a mutation deletion within the C-terminal region of Aldo-keto reductases Member C2 (AKR1C2), Ser320PheTer2, that could lead to heightened enzyme activity. A cohort of 19 additional lipedema patients and 2 additional affected family members14 were enrolled in this study. The two additional affected family members are relatives of the patient with the AKR1C1 L213Q variant, which is included in the 19 cohorts and described in literature. RESULTS Our investigation revealed that AKR1C2 was overexpressed, as quantified by qPCR, in 5 out of 21 (24%) lipedema patients who did not possess mutations in the AKR1C2 gene. Collectively, these findings implicate AKR1C2 in the pathogenesis of lipedema, substantiating its causative role. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the activating mutation in the enzyme or its overexpression is a causative factor in the development of lipedema. Further exploration and replication in diverse populations will bolster our understanding of this significant connection.
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Micheletti C, Medori MC, Dhuli K, Maltese PE, Cecchin S, Bonetti G, Fioretti F, Assoni L, Calzoni A, Praderio A, De Angelis MG, Donato K, Arabia G, Lorusso L, Manganotti P, Capelli E, Marceddu G, Bertelli M, Nodari S. Linking pathogenic and likely pathogenic gene variants to long-COVID symptoms. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:20-32. [PMID: 38112945 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-COVID is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of symptoms related to SARS-CoV-2 infection that persist for at least four weeks after recovery from COVID-19. Genetics have been proposed to play an important role in long-COVID syndrome onset. This study aimed to identify genetic pathogenetic and likely pathogenetic causative variants of Mendelian genetic diseases in patients with Long-COVID syndrome. Additionally, we aimed to establish an association between these genetic variants and the clinical symptoms manifested during long-COVID syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS 95 patients affected by long-COVID syndrome were analyzed with a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) panel comprising 494 genes. The analyzed genes and the symptoms of the patients collected with an ad-hoc questionnaire were divided into four groups (cardiological, respiratory, immunological, and neurological). Finally, a statistical analysis comprising descriptive statistics, classification based on reported symptoms, and comparative analysis against a control group of healthy individuals was conducted. RESULTS 12 patients resulted positive for genetic testing with an autosomal dominance (8) or autosomal recessive (4) inheritance, showing a higher prevalence of cardiovascular genetic diseases (9) in the analyzed cohort compared to the normal population. Moreover, the onset of the long-COVID syndrome and its cardiovascular manifestations was compliant with the onset reported in the literature for the identified genetic diseases, suggesting that COVID-19 could manifest late-onset genetic diseases associated with their appearance. Apart from the 12 positive patients, 57 were healthy carriers of genetic diseases. Analyzing the whole cohort, a statistical correlation between prevalent symptomatology and the gene class was established, suggesting an association between the genetic susceptibility of an individual and the possibility of developing specific long-COVID syndrome symptoms, especially cardiovascular symptoms. Furthermore, 17 genetic variants were identified in CFTR. Finally, we identified genetic variants in IFNAR2 and POLG, supporting their respective involvement in inflammation and mitochondria mechanisms, correlated with long-COVID syndrome according to literature data. CONCLUSIONS This study proposed COVID-19 to act as a manifest of underlying late-onset genetic diseases Mendelian associated with carrier status. Moreover, according to our results, mutations in cardiological genes are more present in patients who show cardiological symptoms during the syndrome. This underscores the necessity for cardiological investigation and genetic screening in long-COVID patients to address existing or potential clinical implications.
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Medori MC, Dhuli K, Tezzele S, Micheletti C, Maltese PE, Cecchin S, Bonetti G, Fioretti F, Calzoni A, Praderio A, De Angelis MG, Arabia G, Donato K, Lorusso L, Manganotti P, Capelli E, Cristoni S, Nodari S, Bertelli M. Serum proteomic profiling reveals potential inflammatory biomarkers in long-COVID patients: a comparative analysis with healthy controls. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:1-12. [PMID: 38112943 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 was responsible for the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 mostly affects the respiratory system; however, this infection also affects several other organs. In addition, the sequelae of this disease affect patients for several months after recovery, resulting in long-COVID syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS In order to characterize the differences between healthy control individuals and long-COVID patients, proteomic profiling of the serum of both groups was performed by mass spectrometry. The obtained data were analyzed with multivariate and univariate statistical analyses. RESULTS Initially, performing a partial latent square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) made it possible to identify thirty-three proteins of interest, which were then subjected to a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Four proteins were identified as potential stand-alone biomarkers: Sirtuin 1, Natriuretic Peptide B, Hemopexin, and Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase. Moreover, a multivariate ROC analysis identified a panel of biomarkers composed of Natriuretic Peptide B, Anterior Gradient 2 Protein, Adiponectin, Endothelin Converting Enzyme 1, Interferon Induced Transmembrane Protein 1, Mannose Binding Lectin 2, Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2, Pirin, Prostaglandin Reductase 1 and Cystatin C. CONCLUSIONS The identified biomarkers are associated with inflammatory processes, corroborating literature evidence that long-COVID patients develop an inflammatory state that damages many tissues. Nevertheless, these data should be validated in a larger cohort.
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Ceccarini MR, Medori MC, Dhuli K, Tezzele S, Bonetti G, Micheletti C, Maltese PE, Cecchin S, Donato K, Colombo L, Rossetti L, Staurenghi G, Salvetti AP, Oldani M, Ziccardi L, Marangoni D, Iarossi G, Falsini B, Placidi G, D'Esposito F, Viola F, Nassisi M, Leone G, Cimino L, De Simone L, Mastrofilippo V, Beccari T, Bertelli M. Autoantibodies detection in patients affected by autoimmune retinopathies. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:57-63. [PMID: 38112948 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoimmune retinopathies (ARs) encompass a spectrum of immune diseases that are characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against retinal proteins in the bloodstream. These autoantibodies (AAbs) lead to a progressive and sometimes rapid loss of vision. ARs commonly affect subjects over 50 years of age, but also rare cases of kids under 3 years of age have been reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, 47 unrelated Caucasian patients were enrolled. All subjects showed negative cancer diagnoses and negative results in their genetic screenings. We studied 8 confirmed retinal antigens using Western blotting analysis, with α-enolase followed by carbonic anhydrase II being the two most frequently found in the patients' sera. RESULTS Nineteen patients were positive (40.4%), thirteen uncertain (27.7%), and fifteen were negative (31.9%). Their gender did not correlate with the presence of AAbs (p=0.409). CONCLUSIONS AAbs are responsible for retinal degeneration in some cases, while in others, they contribute to exacerbating the progression of the disease; however, their detection is crucial to reaching a better diagnosis and developing more effective treatments for these conditions. Moreover, finding good biomarkers is important not only for AR monitoring and prognosis, but also for helping with early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Kaftalli J, Bonetti G, Marceddu G, Dhuli K, Maltese PE, Donato K, Herbst KL, Michelini S, Chiurazzi P, Hill M, Michelini S, Michelini S, Bernini A, Bertelli M. AKR1C1 and hormone metabolism in lipedema pathogenesis: a computational biology approach. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:137-147. [PMID: 38112954 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipedema is an autosomal dominant genetic disease that mainly affects women. It is characterized by excess deposition of subcutaneous adipose tissue, pain, and anxiety. The genetic and environmental etiology of lipedema is still largely unknown. Although considered a rare disease, this pathology has been suggested to be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as obesity or lymphedema. Steroid hormones seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of lipedema. Indeed, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1), a gene coding for a protein involved in steroid hormones metabolism, was the first proposed to be correlated with lipedema. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we employed a molecular dynamics approach to assess the pathogenicity of AKR1C1 genetic variants found in patients with lipedema. Moreover, we combined information theory and structural bioinformatics to identify AKR1C1 polymorphisms from the gnomAD database that could predispose to the development of lipedema. RESULTS Three genetic variants in AKR1C1 found in patients with lipedema were disruptive to the protein's function. Furthermore, eight AKR1C1 variants found in the general population could predispose to the development of lipedema. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide evidence that AKR1C1 may be a key gene in lipedema pathogenesis, and that common polymorphisms could predispose to lipedema development.
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Ceccarini MR, Bonetti G, Medori MC, Dhuli K, Tezzele S, Micheletti C, Maltese PE, Cecchin S, Donato K, Fioretti F, Calzoni A, Praderio A, De Angelis MG, Nodari S, Arabia G, Lorusso L, Beccari T, Bertelli M. Autoantibodies in patients with post-COVID syndrome: a possible link with severity? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:48-56. [PMID: 38112956 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease associated with the respiratory system caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Right now, an increasing number of patients with Post-COVID Syndrome show, without clear evidence of organ dysfunction, a plethora of severe symptoms, such as fatigue, pain, shortness of breath, cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbance. It has already been demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 virus can disrupt the self-tolerance mechanism of the immune system, thus triggering autoimmune conditions. Several studies have recently documented the presence of autoantibodies in the sera of post-COVID patients, but until now, it is unclear whether the persistence of symptoms could be directly correlated with the presence of autoantibodies. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, serum autoantibodies (AAbs) levels against four G protein-coupled receptors in 78 patients with post-COVID syndrome have been analyzed. The AAbs investigated are clustered in two groups: adrenergic receptors (α1 and β2) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M3 and M4). RESULTS At least one or more AAbs were detected in 60.3% (47/78) of patients diagnosed with post-COVID syndrome, whereas 37.2% (29/78) of patients were positive for all receptors investigated. Interestingly, a strong correlation has been found between AAbs and pain intensity feeling by the patients measured by Visual Analogic Scale. A significant association was also obtained with insomnia and AABS-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS The identification of AAbs and their correlation with pathological symptoms seriousness underly the possible role of AAbs as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Donato K, Micheletti C, Medori MC, Maltese PE, Tanzi B, Tezzele S, Mareso C, Generali D, Donofrio CA, Cominetti M, Fioravanti A, Riccio L, Beccari T, Ceccarini MR, Iaconelli A, Aquilanti B, Matera G, Ahmed R, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Omics sciences and precision medicine in pancreas cancer. Clin Ter 2023; 174:85-94. [PMID: 37994752 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, associated with poor prognosis outcomes and late treatment interventions. The pathological nature and extreme tissue heterogeneity of this disease has hampered all efforts to correctly diagnose and treat it. Omics sciences and precision medicine have revolutionized our understanding of pan-creatic cancer, providing a new hope for patients suffering from this devastating disease. By analyzing large-scale biological data sets and developing personalized treatment strategies, researchers and clinicians are working together to improve patient outcomes and ultimately find a cure for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Donato
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
| | | | | | | | - B Tanzi
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | | | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, Italy
| | - C A Donofrio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Cominetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | | | - L Riccio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | - T Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M R Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Iaconelli
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - B Aquilanti
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Matera
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - R Ahmed
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Pakistan
| | - L Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | | | - M Bertelli
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
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Dhuli K, Micheletti C, Maltese PE, Tanzi B, Benedetti S, Tezzele S, Mareso C, Connelly ST, Gaffuri F, Tartaglia GM, Nodari S, Arabia G, Fioretti F, Calandri C, Perrone MA, Bertelli M. The Role of Olive Tree Polyphenols In The Prevention of COVID-19: A Scoping Review Part 2. Clin Ter 2023; 174:149-153. [PMID: 37994758 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The recent COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 affected hundreds of millions of people and caused millions of deaths. There are few effective medications against SARS-CoV-2, and several studies attempted to make drugs based on natural components, such as olive leaves. Olive leaves are rich in polyphenolic compounds, which were proposed as a viable co-therapy supplement to treat and improve clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Polyphenols have renown anti-inflammatory and multitarget antiviral effects on several virus families, which could be among the reasons of the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet against COVID-19. This scoping review is focused on the effect of olive tree polyphenols as a natural remedy to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, mainly discussing their influence on the process of viral entry into host cells by endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dhuli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | | | - B Tanzi
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | | | | | - S T Connelly
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - F Gaffuri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - G M Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - S Nodari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University and Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Arabia
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - F Fioretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University and Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Calandri
- Division of Cardiology and CardioLab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M A Perrone
- Division of Cardiology and CardioLab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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12
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Dhuli K, Micheletti C, Medori MC, Maltese PE, Tanzi B, Tezzele S, Mareso C, Generali D, Donofrio CA, Cominetti M, Fioravanti A, Riccio L, Beccari T, Ceccarini MR, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Cristoni S, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Omics sciences and precision medicine in kidney cancer. Clin Ter 2023; 174:46-54. [PMID: 37994748 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract In the last decade, renal carcinoma has become more prevalent in European and North American regions. Kidney tumors are usually categorized based on histological features, with renal cell carcinoma being the most common subtype in adults. Despite conventional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, a rise in cancer incidence and recurrence necessitates a fresh approach to diagnosing and treating kidney cancer. This review focuses on novel multi-omics approaches, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics, to better understand the molecular and clinical features of renal cell carcinoma. Studies integrating omics sciences have shown early promise in enhancing prognostic and therapeutic outcomes for various kidney cancer subtypes and providing insight into fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms occurring at different molecular levels. This review highlights the importance of utilizing omics sciences as a revolutionary concept in diagnostics and therapeutics and the clinical implications of renal cell carcinoma. Finally, the review presents the most recent findings from large-scale multi-omics studies on renal cell carcinoma and its associations with patient subtyping and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dhuli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | | | | | - B Tanzi
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | | | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, Italy
| | - C A Donofrio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy; 5Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Cominetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - A Fioravanti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - L Riccio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - T Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M R Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Cristoni
- ISB Ion Source & Biotechnologies srl, Bresso (MI), Italy
| | | | | | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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13
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Dhuli K, Medori MC, Donato K, Donato K, Maltese PE, Tanzi B, Tezzele S, Mareso C, Miertus J, Generali D, Donofrio CA, Cominetti M, Fioravanti A, Riccio L, Beccari T, Ceccarini MR, Stuppia L, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Cristoni S, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Omics sciences and precision medicine in thyroid cancer. Clin Ter 2023; 174:11-20. [PMID: 37994744 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer, a heterogeneous disease originating from the thyroid gland, stands as the predominant endocrine malignan-cy worldwide. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, some patients still experience recurrence and mortality, which highlights the need for more personalized approaches to treatment. Omics sciences, encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, offer a high-throughput and impartial methodology for investigating the molecular signatures of thyroid cancer. Methods In the course of this review, we have adopted a focu-sed research strategy, meticulously selecting the most pertinent and emblematic articles related to the topic. Our methodology included a systematic examination of the scientific literature to guarantee a thorough and precise synthesis of the existing sources. Results These techniques enable the identification of molecular markers that can aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection. As an illustration, through genomics studies, numerous genetic alterations commonly discovered in thyroid cancer have been identified, such as mutations in the BRAF and RAS genes. Through transcriptomics studies, distinctively expressed genes in thyroid cancer have been uncovered, playing roles in diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. These genes can serve as potential targets for novel therapies. Proteomics studies have unveiled differentially expressed proteins intricately involved in thyroid cancer pathogenesis, presenting promising biomarkers for early detection and disease progression monitoring. Metabolomics studies have identified alterations in metabolic pathways linked to thyroid cancer, offering promising avenues for potential therapeutic targets. Conclusions Precision medicine in thyroid cancer involves the integration of omics sciences with clinical data to develop personalized treatment plans for patients. Employing targeted therapies guided by molecular markers has exhibited promising outcomes in enhancing the prognosis of thyroid cancer patients. Notably, those with advanced hyroid cancer carrying BRAF mutations have displayed substantial responses to specific targeted therapies, such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dhuli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | | | - K Donato
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
| | | | - B Tanzi
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | | | | | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, Italy
| | - C A Donofrio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Cominetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | | | - L Riccio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | - T Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M R Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - S Cristoni
- ISB Ion Source & Biotechnologies srl, Bresso (MI), Italy
| | | | | | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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14
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Medori MC, Micheletti C, Madeo G, Maltese PE, Tanzi B, Tezzele S, Mareso C, Generali D, Donofrio CA, Donofrio CA, Cominetti M, Fioravanti A, Riccio L, Beccari T, Ceccarini MR, Stuppia L, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Cristoni S, Ahmed R, Ahmed R, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Omics sciences and precision medicine in Urothelial Carcinoma. Clin Ter 2023; 174:1-10. [PMID: 37994743 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract This comprehensive review explores the potential of omics sciences - such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics - in advancing the diagnosis and therapy of urothelial carcinoma (UC), a prevalent and heterogeneous cancer affecting the urinary tract. The article emphasizes the significant advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying UC development and progression, obtained through the application of omics approa-ches. Genomic studies have identified recurrent genetic alterations in UC, while transcriptomic analyses have revealed distinct gene expression profiles associated with different UC subtypes. Proteomic investigations have recognized protein biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic potential, and metabolomic profiling has found metabolic alterations that are specific to UC. The integration of multi-omics data holds promises in refining UC subtyping, identifying therapeutic targets, and predicting treatment response. However, challenges like the standardization of omics technologies, validation of biomarkers, and ethical considerations need to be addressed to successfully translate these findings into clinical practice. Omics sciences offer tremendous potential in revolutionizing the diagnosis and therapy of UC, enabling more precise diagnostic methods, prognostic evaluations, and personalized treatment selection for UC patients. Future research efforts should focus on overcoming these challenges and translating omics discoveries into meaningful clinical applications to improve outcomes for UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G Madeo
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - B Tanzi
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | | | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Uni-versity of Trieste, Italy; Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, Italy
| | | | - C A Donofrio
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Cominetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | | | - L Riccio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | - T Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M R Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - S Cristoni
- ISB Ion Source & Biotechnologies srl, Bresso (MI), Italy
| | - R Ahmed
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - R Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Pakista
| | | | | | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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15
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Madeo G, Bonetti G, Maltese PE, Tanzi B, Tezzele S, Mareso C, Agostini F, Generali D, Donofrio CA, Cominetti M, Fioravanti A, Riccio L, Beccari T, Ceccarini MR, Calogero AE, Cannarella R, Stuppia L, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Nughman M, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Omics sciences and precision medicine in testicular cancer. Clin Ter 2023; 174:21-28. [PMID: 37994745 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Cancer, a potentially fatal condition, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Among males aged 20 to 35, the most common cancer in healthy individuals is testicular cancer, accounting for 1% to 2% of all cancers in men. Methods Throughout this review, we have employed a targeted research approach, carefully handpicking the most representative and relevant articles on the subject. Our methodology involved a systematic review of the scientific literature to ensure a comprehensive and accurate overview of the available sources. Results The onset and spread of testicular cancer are significantly influenced by genetic changes, including mutations in oncogenes, tu-mor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. As a result of identifying these specific genetic mutations in cancers, targeted medications have been developed to disrupt the signaling pathways affected by these genetic changes. To improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, it is crucial to understand its natural and clinical histories. Conclusions In order to comprehend cancer better and to discover new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, oncologists are increasingly employing omics methods, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Targeted medications that focus on specific genetic pathways and mutations hold promise for advancing the diagnosis and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Madeo
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - G Bonetti
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - B Tanzi
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | | | | | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, Italy
| | - C A Donofrio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Cominetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | | | - L Riccio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | - T Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M R Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - A E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - M Nughman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat Pakistan
| | | | | | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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16
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Medori MC, Donato K, Dhuli K, Maltese PE, Tanzi B, Tezzele S, Mareso C, Miertus J, Generali D, Donofrio CA, Cominetti M, Fioravanti A, Riccio L, Beccari T, Ceccarini MR, Gisondi P, Bellinato F, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Omics sciences and precision medicine in melanoma. Clin Ter 2023; 174:29-36. [PMID: 37994746 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Background This article provides an overview of the application of omics sciences in melanoma research. The name omics sciences refers to the large-scale analysis of biological molecules like DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites. Methods In the course of this review, we have adopted a focu-sed research strategy, meticulously selecting the most pertinent and emblematic articles related to the topic. Our methodology included a systematic examination of the scientific literature to guarantee a thorough and precise synthesis of the existing sources. Results With the advent of high-throughput technologies, omics have become an essential tool for understanding the complexity of melanoma. In this article, we discuss the different omics approaches used in melanoma research, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. We also highlight the major findings and insights gained from these studies, including the identification of new therapeutic targets and the development of biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions in omics-based melanoma research, including the integration of multiple omics data and the development of personalized medicine approaches. Conclusions Overall, this article emphasizes the importance of omics science in advancing our understanding of melanoma and its potential for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Donato
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
| | - K Dhuli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - B Tanzi
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | | | | | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, Italy
| | - C A Donofrio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Cominetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | | | - L Riccio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | - T Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M R Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Gisondi
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F Bellinato
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | | | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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Cristofoli F, Daja M, Maltese PE, Guerri G, Tanzi B, Miotto R, Bonetti G, Miertus J, Chiurazzi P, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Cecchin S, Bertelli M, Marceddu G. MAGI-ACMG: Algorithm for the Classification of Variants According to ACMG and ACGS Recommendations. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1600. [PMID: 37628650 PMCID: PMC10454715 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed MAGI-ACMG, a classification algorithm that allows the classification of sequencing variants (single nucleotide or small indels) according to the recommendations of the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) and the Association for Clinical Genomic Science (ACGS). The MAGI-ACMG classification algorithm uses information retrieved through the VarSome Application Programming Interface (API), integrates the AutoPVS1 tool in order to evaluate more precisely the attribution of the PVS1 criterion, and performs the customized assignment of specific criteria. In addition, we propose a sub-classification scheme for variants of uncertain significance (VUS) according to their proximity either towards the "likely pathogenic" or "likely benign" classes. We also conceived a pathogenicity potential criterion (P_POT) as a proxy for segregation criteria that might be added to a VUS after posterior testing, thus allowing it to upgrade its clinical significance in a diagnostic reporting setting. Finally, we have developed a user-friendly web application based on the MAGI-ACMG algorithm, available to geneticists for variant interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Miertus
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy (M.B.); (G.M.)
- MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy (M.B.); (G.M.)
- MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy (S.C.)
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, 107 Technology Parkway, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, USA
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Cannarella R, Gusmano C, Condorelli RA, Bernini A, Kaftalli J, Maltese PE, Paolacci S, Dautaj A, Marceddu G, Bertelli M, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Genetic Analysis of Patients with Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: A Case Series. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087428. [PMID: 37108593 PMCID: PMC10138801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (cHH)/Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disorder with variable penetrance and a complex inheritance pattern. Consequently, it does not always follow Mendelian laws. More recently, digenic and oligogenic transmission has been recognized in 1.5-15% of cases. We report the results of a clinical and genetic investigation of five unrelated patients with cHH/KS analyzed using a customized gene panel. Patients were diagnosed according to the clinical, hormonal, and radiological criteria of the European Consensus Statement. DNA was analyzed using next-generation sequencing with a customized panel that included 31 genes. When available, first-degree relatives of the probands were also analyzed to assess genotype-phenotype segregation. The consequences of the identified variants on gene function were evaluated by analyzing the conservation of amino acids across species and by using molecular modeling. We found one new pathogenic variant of the CHD7 gene (c.576T>A, p.Tyr1928) and three new variants of unknown significance (VUSs) in IL17RD (c.960G>A, p.Met320Ile), FGF17 (c.208G>A, p.Gly70Arg), and DUSP6 (c.434T>G, p.Leu145Arg). All were present in the heterozygous state. Previously reported heterozygous variants were also found in the PROK2 (c.163del, p.Ile55*), CHD7 (c.c.2750C>T, p.Thr917Met and c.7891C>T, p.Arg2631*), FLRT3 (c.1106C>T, p.Ala369Val), and CCDC103 (c.461A>C, p.His154Pro) genes. Molecular modeling, molecular dynamics, and conservation analyses were performed on three out of the nine variants identified in our patients, namely, FGF17 (p.Gly70Arg), DUSP6 (p.Leu145Arg), and CHD7 p.(Thr917Met). Except for DUSP6, where the L145R variant was shown to disrupt the interaction between β6 and β3, needed for extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) binding and recognition, no significant changes were identified between the wild-types and mutants of the other proteins. We found a new pathogenic variant of the CHD7 gene. The molecular modeling results suggest that the VUS of the DUSP6 (c.434T>G, p.Leu145Arg) gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of cHH. However, our analysis indicates that it is unlikely that the VUSs for the IL17RD (c.960G>A, p.Met320Ile) and FGF17 (c.208G>A, p.Gly70Arg) genes are involved in the pathogenesis of cHH. Functional studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Gusmano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI'S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
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El Shamieh S, Maltese PE. Editorial: The genetics of inherited retinal diseases in understudied ethnic groups: Novel associations, challenges, and perspectives. Front Genet 2022; 13:990782. [PMID: 36081992 PMCID: PMC9445133 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.990782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Said El Shamieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
- *Correspondence: Said El Shamieh, ; Paolo Enrico Maltese,
| | - Paolo Enrico Maltese
- Magi’s Lab SRL, Rovereto, Italy
- *Correspondence: Said El Shamieh, ; Paolo Enrico Maltese,
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20
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Bonetti G, Paolacci S, Samaja M, Maltese PE, Michelini S, Michelini S, Michelini S, Ricci M, Cestari M, Dautaj A, Medori MC, Bertelli M. Low Efficacy of Genetic Tests for the Diagnosis of Primary Lymphedema Prompts Novel Insights into the Underlying Molecular Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137414. [PMID: 35806420 PMCID: PMC9267137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by ineffective fluid uptake by the lymphatic system, with effects mainly on the lower limbs. Lymphedema is either primary, when caused by genetic mutations, or secondary, when it follows injury, infection, or surgery. In this study, we aim to assess to what extent the current genetic tests detect genetic variants of lymphedema, and to identify the major molecular pathways that underlie this rather unknown disease. We recruited 147 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of primary lymphedema and used established genetic tests on their blood or saliva specimens. Only 11 of these were positive, while other probands were either negative (63) or inconclusive (73). The low efficacy of such tests calls for greater insight into the underlying mechanisms to increase accuracy. For this purpose, we built a molecular pathways diagram based on a literature analysis (OMIM, Kegg, PubMed, Scopus) of candidate and diagnostic genes. The PI3K/AKT and the RAS/MAPK pathways emerged as primary candidates responsible for lymphedema diagnosis, while the Rho/ROCK pathway appeared less critical. The results of this study suggest the most important pathways involved in the pathogenesis of lymphedema, and outline the most promising diagnostic and candidate genes to diagnose this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bonetti
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0365-62-061
| | - Stefano Paolacci
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
| | | | | | - Sandro Michelini
- Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, 00047 Marino, Italy;
| | - Serena Michelini
- Unit of Physical Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Maurizio Ricci
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Marina Cestari
- Study Centre Pianeta Linfedema, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Lymphology Sector of the Rehabilitation Service, USLUmbria2, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Astrit Dautaj
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Chiara Medori
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
- MAGI Group, 25010 San Felice del Benaco, Italy;
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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21
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Maltese PE, Colombo L, Martella S, Rossetti L, El Shamieh S, Sinibaldi L, Passarelli C, Coppè AM, Buzzonetti L, Falsini B, Chiurazzi P, Placidi G, Tanzi B, Bertelli M, Iarossi G. Genetics of Inherited Retinal Diseases in Understudied Ethnic Groups in Italian Hospitals. Front Genet 2022; 13:914345. [PMID: 35836572 PMCID: PMC9274138 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.914345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Describing the clinical and genetic features of an ethnically heterogeneous group of (inherited retinal diseases) IRD patients from different underrepresented countries, referring to specialized Italian Hospitals, and expanding the epidemiological spectrum of the IRD in understudied populations. Methods: The patients’ phenotypes underwent were characterized by exhaustive ophthalmological examinations, including morpho-functional testing. Genetic testing was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and gene sequencing panels targeting a specific set of genes, Sanger sequencing and—when necessary—multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to better identify the genotype. When possible, segregation analysis was performed in order to confirm unsolved cases. Results: The article reports the results of the phenotypes and genotypes of 123 IRD probands, 69 males and 54 females, mean age 41 (IQR, 54–30) years, disease onset at 13 (IQR, 27.25–5) years. Thirty-three patients out of 123 (26.8%) were Africans (North/Northwest Africa), 21 (17.1%) Asians, 19 (15.4%) Americans (South/Central America) and 50 (40.7%) Europeans (Eastern Europe). Retinitis pigmentosa was the most represented phenotype (56%), followed by cone dystrophy (11%) and Leber congenital amaurosis (7%), while ABCA4 was the most frequently mutated gene (18%), followed by USH2A (9%) and RPGR (5%). About ABCA4 variants found in Stargardt disease, macular and cone dystrophies were predominant in Asian (42%) and European (21%) patients. The most represented inheritance pattern was autosomal recessive, while a higher frequency of homozygous patients versus compound heterozygotes as compared to previous studies on Italian IRD patients was evidenced, reflecting a possible higher frequency of inbreeding marriages. Conclusion: Though limited by the relatively low number of patients, the present paper paints a picture of the clinical and genetic features of IRD patients from understudied ethnic groups referred to Italian specialized hospitals and extended the epidemiological studies on underrepresented world regional areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Colombo
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Martella
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Said El Shamieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lorenzo Sinibaldi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Passarelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Maria Coppè
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Buzzonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS/Universita’ Cattolica del S. Cuore, Ophthalmology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS & Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Universita’ Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Placidi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS/Universita’ Cattolica del S. Cuore, Ophthalmology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- Magi’s Lab S.R.L., Rovereto, Italy
- MAGI Euregio s.c.s., Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Iarossi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
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22
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Ceccarini MR, Precone V, Manara E, Paolacci S, Maltese PE, Benfatti V, Dhuli K, Donato K, Guerri G, Marceddu G, Chiurazzi P, Dalla Ragione L, Beccari T, Bertelli M. A next generation sequencing gene panel for use in the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1869-1880. [PMID: 34822136 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to increase knowledge of genes associated with anorexia nervosa (AN) and their diagnostic offer, using a next generation sequencing (NGS) panel for the identification of genetic variants. The rationale underlying this test is that we first analyze the genes associated with syndromic forms of AN, then genes that were found to carry rare variants in AN patients who had undergone segregation analysis, and finally candidate genes intervening in the same molecular pathways or identified by GWAS or in mouse models. METHODS We developed an NGS gene panel and used it to screen 68 Italian AN patients (63 females, 5 males). The panel included 162 genes. Family segregation study was conducted on available relatives of probands who reported significant genetic variants. RESULTS In our analysis, we found potentially deleterious variants in 2 genes (PDE11A and SLC25A13) associated with syndromic forms of anorexia and predicted deleterious variants in the following 12 genes: CD36, CACNA1C, DRD4, EPHX2, ESR1, GRIN2A, GRIN3B, LRP2, NPY4R, PTGS2, PTPN22 and SGPP2. Furthermore, by Sanger sequencing of the promoter region of NNAT, we confirmed the involvement of this gene in the pathogenesis of AN. Family segregation studies further strengthened the possible causative role of CACNA1C, DRD4, GRIN2A, PTGS2, SGPP2, SLC25A13 and NNAT genes in AN etiology. CONCLUSION The major finding of our study is the confirmation of the involvement of the NNAT gene in the pathogenesis of AN; furthermore, this study suggests that NGS-based testing can play an important role in the diagnostic evaluation of AN, excluding syndromic forms and increasing knowledge of the genetic etiology of AN. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rachele Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
- C.I.B., Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Trieste, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | - Valentina Benfatti
- Department of Eating Disorder, Palazzo Francisci Todi, USL 1 Umbria, Todi, PG, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, UOC Genetica Medica, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Dalla Ragione
- Department of Eating Disorder, Palazzo Francisci Todi, USL 1 Umbria, Todi, PG, Italy
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Unit, University Campus Biomedico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- C.I.B., Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Trieste, Italy
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23
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Michelini S, Herbst KL, Precone V, Manara E, Marceddu G, Dautaj A, Maltese PE, Paolacci S, Ceccarini MR, Beccari T, Sorrentino E, Aquilanti B, Velluti V, Matera G, Gagliardi L, Miggiano GAD, Bertelli M. A Multi-Gene Panel to Identify Lipedema-Predisposing Genetic Variants by a Next-Generation Sequencing Strategy. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020268. [PMID: 35207755 PMCID: PMC8877075 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipedema is a disabling disease characterized by symmetric enlargement of the lower and/or upper limbs due to deposits of subcutaneous fat, that is easily misdiagnosed. Lipedema can be primary or syndromic, and can be the main feature of phenotypically overlapping disorders. The aim of this study was to design a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel to help in the diagnosis of lipedema by identifying genes specific for lipedema but also genes for overlapping diseases, and targets for tailored treatments. We developed an NGS gene panel consisting of 305 genes potentially associated with lipedema and putative overlapping diseases relevant to lipedema. The genomes of 162 Italian and American patients with lipedema were sequenced. Twenty-one deleterious variants, according to 3 out of 5 predictors, were detected in PLIN1, LIPE, ALDH18A1, PPARG, GHR, INSR, RYR1, NPC1, POMC, NR0B2, GCKR, PPARA in 17 patients. This extended NGS-based approach has identified a number of gene variants that may be important in the diagnosis of lipedema, that may affect the phenotypic presentation of lipedema or that may cause disorders that could be confused with lipedema. This tool may be important for the diagnosis and treatment of people with pathologic subcutaneous fat tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Michelini
- Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, 00047 Marino, Italy;
| | - Karen L. Herbst
- Department of Endocrinology and Research, Total Lipedema Care, Los Angeles, CA 90211, USA;
| | - Vincenza Precone
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (V.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena Manara
- MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (E.M.); (A.D.); (P.E.M.)
| | | | - Astrit Dautaj
- MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (E.M.); (A.D.); (P.E.M.)
| | | | - Stefano Paolacci
- MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (E.M.); (A.D.); (P.E.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Rachele Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.R.C.); (T.B.)
- C.I.B., Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, 34148 Trieste, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.R.C.); (T.B.)
- C.I.B., Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, 34148 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Sorrentino
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (V.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Barbara Aquilanti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (V.V.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (G.A.D.M.)
| | - Valeria Velluti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (V.V.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (G.A.D.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Matera
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (V.V.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (G.A.D.M.)
| | - Lucilla Gagliardi
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (V.V.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (G.A.D.M.)
| | - Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (V.V.); (G.M.); (L.G.); (G.A.D.M.)
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (V.P.); (G.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.)
- MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (E.M.); (A.D.); (P.E.M.)
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24
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Kiani AK, Mor M, Bernini A, Fulcheri E, Michelini S, Herbst KL, Buffelli F, Belgrado JP, Kaftalli J, Stuppia L, Dautaj A, Dhuli K, Guda T, Manara E, Maltese PE, Michelini S, Chiurazzi P, Paolacci S, Ceccarini MR, Beccari T, Bertelli M. Steroid-converting enzymes in human adipose tissues and fat deposition with a focus on AKR1C enzymes. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:23-32. [PMID: 34890031 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes express various enzymes, such as aldo-keto reductases (AKR1C), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD), aromatase, 5α-reductases, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSDs involved in steroid hormone metabolism in adipose tissues. Increased activity of AKR1C enzymes and their expression in mature adipocytes might indicate the association of these enzymes with subcutaneous adipose tissue deposition. The inactivation of androgens by AKR1C enzymes increases adipogenesis and fat mass, particularly subcutaneous fat. AKR1C also causes reduction of estrone, a weak estrogen, to produce 17β-estradiol, a potent estrogen and, in addition, it plays a role in progesterone metabolism. Functional impairments of adipose tissue and imbalance of steroid biosynthesis could lead to metabolic disturbances. In this review, we will focus on the enzymes involved in steroid metabolism and fat tissue deposition.
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25
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Dhuli K, Ceccarini MR, Precone V, Maltese PE, Bonetti G, Paolacci S, Dautaj A, Guerri G, Marceddu G, Beccari T, Michelini S, Bertelli M. Improvement of quality of life by intake of hydroxytyrosol in patients with lymphedema and association of lymphedema genes with obesity. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:33-42. [PMID: 34890032 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphedema is a debilitating disease and may be a comorbidity of obesity. New molecules have been investigated for the treatment of lymphedema; one of the most promising molecules is hydroxytyrosol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between mutations in genes mutated in lymphedema and the presence of obesity and making an estimate of the quality of life in lymphedema patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 71 Caucasian individuals with the diagnosis of primary lymphedema, and they undertook a questionnaire to assess their quality life. For this purpose, we developed a NGS custom-made panel comprising genes associated with lymphedema. RESULTS An obesity rate of 20% was detected. The average Lymph-ICF-LL value for patients who consume olive oil daily was 20 with a better quality of life. Twenty-three patients resulted positive to the genetic test. Genetic variants with a likely association with obesity have been identified in PROX1, FOXC2 and FLT4. CONCLUSIONS A obesity rate, higher than that reported by ISTAT, was detected. The use of olive oil enhances the quality of life of lymphedema patients. Moreover, a diagnostic approach by a NGS panel shows an association of lymphedema with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dhuli
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy.
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26
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Cristofoli F, Sorrentino E, Guerri G, Miotto R, Romanelli R, Zulian A, Cecchin S, Paolacci S, Miertus J, Bertelli M, Maltese PE, Chiurazzi P, Stuppia L, Castori M, Marceddu G. Variant Selection and Interpretation: An Example of Modified VarSome Classifier of ACMG Guidelines in the Diagnostic Setting. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1885. [PMID: 34946832 PMCID: PMC8700904 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Variant interpretation is challenging as it involves combining different levels of evidence in order to evaluate the role of a specific variant in the context of a patient's disease. Many in-depth refinements followed the original 2015 American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines to overcome subjective interpretation of criteria and classification inconsistencies. Here, we developed an ACMG-based classifier that retrieves information for variant interpretation from the VarSome Stable-API environment and allows molecular geneticists involved in clinical reporting to introduce the necessary changes to criterion strength and to add or exclude criteria assigned automatically, ultimately leading to the final variant classification. We also developed a modified ACMG checklist to assist molecular geneticists in adjusting criterion strength and in adding literature-retrieved or patient-specific information, when available. The proposed classifier is an example of integration of automation and human expertise in variant curation, while maintaining the laboratory analytical workflow and the established bioinformatics pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cristofoli
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (F.C.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Elisa Sorrentino
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (F.C.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giulia Guerri
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Roberta Miotto
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (F.C.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Roberta Romanelli
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Alessandra Zulian
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Stefano Cecchin
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Stefano Paolacci
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Jan Miertus
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (F.C.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (F.C.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Paolo Enrico Maltese
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Section of Genomic Medicine, Department of Life Science and Public Health, “Sacro Cuore” Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Policlinic University Foundation “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC Medical Genetics, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Foundation “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Marceddu
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (F.C.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
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Colombo L, Maltese PE, Romano D, Fogagnolo P, Castori M, Marceddu G, Cristofoli F, Percio M, Piteková B, Modarelli AM, Bertelli M, Rossetti L. SD-OCT analysis in syndromic and non-syndromic forms of retinitis pigmentosa due to USH2A gene mutations. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 65:180-195. [PMID: 34781295 DOI: 10.1159/000520329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to analyze macular structure by using SD-OCT in a cohort of patients affected by autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome, due to genetic variants in USH2A gene, and to correlate OCT parameters with functional and genetic data. METHODS The subjects of this study were 92 patients, 46 syndromic (Ush2) and 46 non-syndromic (arRP), with clinical and genetic diagnosis of USH2A-related retinal dystrophy, who underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and spectral domain OCT analysis. The study focused on evaluating the differences between the two groups in the following parameters: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ellipsoid zone width (EZ), presence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) and cystic macular lesions (CML). Variants in USH2A gene were divided in 3 categories, according to the expected impact (low/high) at protein level of the different variants on each allele. RESULTS BCVA and EZ width were significantly lower in Ush2 than in arRP patients (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001). ERM was detected in 34.8% (16/46) of arRP patients and in 65.2% (30/46) of Ush2 patients (p = 0.003). CML was detected in 17.4% (8/46) of arRP patients and 30.4% (14/46) of Ush2 patients (p = 0.14). The allelic distribution was statistically different (p = 0.0003) by dividing the two diseases: for Ush2 patients it was 45.7% (high/high), 39.1% (low/high) and 15.2% (low/low); for arRP patients it was 8.7% (high/high), 56.5% (low/high) and 34.8% (low/low). The severity class of the variants significantly affected VA and EZ width parameters (p = 0.004 and p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION Retinal disease, as evaluated by means of SD-OCT, shows more advanced degeneration signs in the syndromic than the non-syndromic form of retinal dystrophy related to USH2A gene. Variant types and allelic profiles are determining factors for the onset of syndromic features. However, since the three allelic profiles can be found in both Usher and RP patients, other factors must necessarily play a determining role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Colombo
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Dario Romano
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Fogagnolo
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Barbora Piteková
- Department of Pediatrics, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, National Institute of Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Antonio Mattia Modarelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S Lab s.r.l., Rovereto, Italy
- MAGI Euregio s.c.s., Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Biasi A, Marino V, Dal Cortivo G, Maltese PE, Modarelli AM, Bertelli M, Colombo L, Dell’Orco D. A Novel GUCA1A Variant Associated with Cone Dystrophy Alters cGMP Signaling in Photoreceptors by Strongly Interacting with and Hyperactivating Retinal Guanylate Cyclase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910809. [PMID: 34639157 PMCID: PMC8509414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanylate cyclase-activating protein 1 (GCAP1), encoded by the GUCA1A gene, is a neuronal calcium sensor protein involved in shaping the photoresponse kinetics in cones and rods. GCAP1 accelerates or slows the cGMP synthesis operated by retinal guanylate cyclase (GC) based on the light-dependent levels of intracellular Ca2+, thereby ensuring a timely regulation of the phototransduction cascade. We found a novel variant of GUCA1A in a patient affected by autosomal dominant cone dystrophy (adCOD), leading to the Asn104His (N104H) amino acid substitution at the protein level. While biochemical analysis of the recombinant protein showed impaired Ca2+ sensitivity of the variant, structural properties investigated by circular dichroism and limited proteolysis excluded major structural rearrangements induced by the mutation. Analytical gel filtration profiles and dynamic light scattering were compatible with a dimeric protein both in the presence of Mg2+ alone and Mg2+ and Ca2+. Enzymatic assays showed that N104H-GCAP1 strongly interacts with the GC, with an affinity that doubles that of the WT. The doubled IC50 value of the novel variant (520 nM for N104H vs. 260 nM for the WT) is compatible with a constitutive activity of GC at physiological levels of Ca2+. The structural region at the interface with the GC may acquire enhanced flexibility under high Ca2+ conditions, as suggested by 2 μs molecular dynamics simulations. The altered interaction with GC would cause hyper-activity of the enzyme at both low and high Ca2+ levels, which would ultimately lead to toxic accumulation of cGMP and Ca2+ in the photoreceptor outer segment, thus triggering cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Biasi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (V.M.); (G.D.C.)
| | - Valerio Marino
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (V.M.); (G.D.C.)
| | - Giuditta Dal Cortivo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (V.M.); (G.D.C.)
| | | | - Antonio Mattia Modarelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy;
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI’S Lab s.r.l., 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (P.E.M.); (M.B.)
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Colombo
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (D.D.); Tel.: +39-02-81844301 (L.C.); +39-045-802-7637 (D.D.)
| | - Daniele Dell’Orco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (V.M.); (G.D.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (D.D.); Tel.: +39-02-81844301 (L.C.); +39-045-802-7637 (D.D.)
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Iarossi G, Coppè AM, Passarelli C, Maltese PE, Sinibaldi L, Cappelli A, Cetola S, Novelli A, Buzzonetti L. Blue Cone Monochromatism with Foveal Hypoplasia Caused by the Concomitant Effect of Variants in OPN1LW/OPN1MW and GPR143 Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168617. [PMID: 34445325 PMCID: PMC8395340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue cone monochromatism (BCM) is an X-linked recessive cone dysfunction disorder caused by mutations in the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster, encoding long (L)- and middle (M)-wavelength-sensitive cone opsins. Here, we report on the unusual clinical presentation of BCM caused by a novel mutation in the OPN1LW gene in a young man. We describe in detail the phenotype of the proband, and the subclinical morpho-functional anomalies shown by his carrier mother. At a clinical level, the extensive functional evaluation demonstrated in the proband the M/L cone affection and the sparing of S-cone function, distinctive findings of BCM. Interestingly, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed the presence of foveal hypoplasia with focal irregularities of the ellipsoid layer in the foveal area, reported to be associated with some cases of cone-rod dystrophy and achromatopsia. At a molecular level, we identified the novel mutation c.427T > C p.(Ser143Pro) in the OPN1LW gene and the common missense mutation c.607T > C (p.Cys203Arg) in the OPN1MW gene. In addition, we discovered the c.768-2_769delAGTT splicing variant in the GPR143 gene. To our knowledge, this is the first case of foveal hypoplasia in a BCM patient and of mild clinical affection in a female carrier caused by the concomitant effect of variants in OPN1LW/OPN1MW and GPR143 genes, thus as the result of the simultaneous action of two independent genetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Iarossi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.M.C.); (A.C.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.I.); (P.E.M.); Tel.: +39-06-6859-3362 (G.I.); +39-04-6442-0795 (P.E.M.)
| | - Andrea Maria Coppè
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.M.C.); (A.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Chiara Passarelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Paolo Enrico Maltese
- MAGI’S Lab s.r.l., 38068 Rovereto, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.I.); (P.E.M.); Tel.: +39-06-6859-3362 (G.I.); +39-04-6442-0795 (P.E.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Sinibaldi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (A.N.)
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cappelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.M.C.); (A.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Sarah Cetola
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Luca Buzzonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.M.C.); (A.C.); (L.B.)
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Marino V, Dal Cortivo G, Maltese PE, Placidi G, De Siena E, Falsini B, Bertelli M, Dell’Orco D. Impaired Ca 2+ Sensitivity of a Novel GCAP1 Variant Causes Cone Dystrophy and Leads to Abnormal Synaptic Transmission Between Photoreceptors and Bipolar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084030. [PMID: 33919796 PMCID: PMC8070792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanylate cyclase-activating protein 1 (GCAP1) is involved in the shutdown of the phototransduction cascade by regulating the enzymatic activity of retinal guanylate cyclase via a Ca2+/cGMP negative feedback. While the phototransduction-associated role of GCAP1 in the photoreceptor outer segment is widely established, its implication in synaptic transmission to downstream neurons remains to be clarified. Here, we present clinical and biochemical data on a novel isolate GCAP1 variant leading to a double amino acid substitution (p.N104K and p.G105R) and associated with cone dystrophy (COD) with an unusual phenotype. Severe alterations of the electroretinogram were observed under both scotopic and photopic conditions, with a negative pattern and abnormally attenuated b-wave component. The biochemical and biophysical analysis of the heterologously expressed N104K-G105R variant corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations highlighted a severely compromised Ca2+-sensitivity, accompanied by minor structural and stability alterations. Such differences reflected on the dysregulation of both guanylate cyclase isoforms (RetGC1 and RetGC2), resulting in the constitutive activation of both enzymes at physiological levels of Ca2+. As observed with other GCAP1-associated COD, perturbation of the homeostasis of Ca2+ and cGMP may lead to the toxic accumulation of second messengers, ultimately triggering cell death. However, the abnormal electroretinogram recorded in this patient also suggested that the dysregulation of the GCAP1–cyclase complex further propagates to the synaptic terminal, thereby altering the ON-pathway related to the b-wave generation. In conclusion, the pathological phenotype may rise from a combination of second messengers’ accumulation and dysfunctional synaptic communication with bipolar cells, whose molecular mechanisms remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Marino
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (V.M.); (G.D.C.)
| | - Giuditta Dal Cortivo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (V.M.); (G.D.C.)
| | | | - Giorgio Placidi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.D.S.)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa De Siena
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.D.S.)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.D.S.)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (D.D.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-6344 (B.F.); +39-045-802-7637 (D.D.)
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI’S Lab S.R.L., 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (P.E.M.); (M.B.)
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Daniele Dell’Orco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (V.M.); (G.D.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (D.D.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-6344 (B.F.); +39-045-802-7637 (D.D.)
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31
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Gatticchi L, Vešelényiová D, Miertus J, Enrico Maltese P, Manara E, Costantini A, Benedetti S, Ďurovčíková D, Krajcovic J, Bertelli M. Recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia and Stargardt disease in two sisters. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1630. [PMID: 33724725 PMCID: PMC8123746 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid spread of genome-wide next-generation sequencing in the molecular diagnosis of rare genetic disorders has produced increasing evidence of multilocus genomic variations in cases with a previously well-characterized molecular diagnosis. Here, we describe two patients with a rare combination of skeletal abnormalities and retinal dystrophy caused by variants in the SLC26A2 and ABCA4 genes, respectively, in a family with parental consanguinity. METHODS Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to obtain a molecular diagnosis for the retinal and skeletal phenotypes, respectively. RESULTS Genetic testing revealed that the sisters were homozygous for the p.(Cys653Ser) variant in SLC26A2 and heterozygous for the missense p.(Pro68Leu) and splice donor c.6386+2C>G variants in ABCA4. Segregation analysis confirmed the carrier status of the parents. CONCLUSION Despite low frequency of occurrence, the detection of multilocus genomic variations in a single disease gene-oriented approach can provide accurate diagnosis even in cases with high phenotypic complexity. A targeted sequencing approach can detect relationships between observed phenotypes and underlying genotypes, useful for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Gatticchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Dominika Vešelényiová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Miertus
- Génius n.o, Trnava, Slovakia.,MAGI's Lab, Genetic Testing Laboratory, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Darina Ďurovčíková
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Healthcare University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Krajcovic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI's Lab, Genetic Testing Laboratory, Rovereto, Italy.,MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
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Falsini B, Placidi G, De Siena E, Savastano MC, Minnella AM, Maceroni M, Midena G, Ziccardi L, Parisi V, Bertelli M, Maltese PE, Chiurazzi P, Rizzo S. USH2A-Related Retinitis Pigmentosa: Staging of Disease Severity and Morpho-Functional Studies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020213. [PMID: 33535592 PMCID: PMC7912870 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome type 2A (USH2A) is a genetic disease characterized by bilateral neuro-sensory hypoacusia and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). While several methods, including electroretinogram (ERG), describe retinal function in USH2A patients, structural alterations can be assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). According to a recent collaborative study, RP can be staged considering visual acuity, visual field area and ellipsoid zone (EZ) width. The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine RP stage in a cohort of patients with USH2A gene variants and to correlate the results with age, as well as additional functional and morphological parameters. In 26 patients with established USH2A genotype, RP was staged according to recent international standards. The cumulative staging score was correlated with patients' age, amplitude of full-field and focal flicker ERGs, and the OCT-measured area of sub-Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) illumination (SRI). RP cumulative score (CS) was positively correlated (r = 0.6) with age. CS was also negatively correlated (rho = -0.7) with log10 ERG amplitudes and positively correlated (r = 0.5) with SRI. In USH2A patients, RP severity score is correlated with age and additional morpho-functional parameters not included in the international staging system and can reliably predict their abnormality at different stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Falsini
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.S.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.); (P.C.); (S.R.)
- UOC Oftalmologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Placidi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.S.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.); (P.C.); (S.R.)
- UOC Oftalmologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa De Siena
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.S.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.); (P.C.); (S.R.)
- UOC Oftalmologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Savastano
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.S.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.); (P.C.); (S.R.)
- UOC Oftalmologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Maria Minnella
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.S.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.); (P.C.); (S.R.)
- UOC Oftalmologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Maceroni
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.S.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.); (P.C.); (S.R.)
- UOC Oftalmologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0630-154-928
| | - Giulia Midena
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.S.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.); (P.C.); (S.R.)
- UOC Oftalmologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ziccardi
- Fondazione GB Bietti per l’Oftalmologia, IRCCS, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.Z.); (V.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Parisi
- Fondazione GB Bietti per l’Oftalmologia, IRCCS, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.Z.); (V.P.)
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (M.B.); (P.E.M.)
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Enrico Maltese
- MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (M.B.); (P.E.M.)
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.S.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.); (P.C.); (S.R.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stanislao Rizzo
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.); (E.D.S.); (M.C.S.); (A.M.M.); (G.M.); (P.C.); (S.R.)
- UOC Oftalmologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Vettori A, Paolacci S, Maltese PE, Herbst KL, Cestari M, Michelini S, Michelini S, Samaja M, Bertelli M. Genetic Determinants of the Effects of Training on Muscle and Adipose Tissue Homeostasis in Obesity Associated with Lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol 2020; 19:322-333. [PMID: 33373545 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2020.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that metabolic changes associated with training are influenced by a person's genetic background. In this review, we explore the polymorphisms underlying interindividual variability in response to training of weight loss and muscle mass increase in obese individuals, with or without lymphedema, and in normal-weight subjects. We searched PubMed for articles in English published up to May 2019 using the following keywords: (((physical training[Title/Abstract] OR sport activity[Title/Abstract]) AND predisposition[Title/Abstract]) AND polymorphism [Title/Abstract]). We identified 38 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that may modulate the genetic adaptive response to training. The identification of genetic marker(s) that improve the beneficial effects of training may in perspective make it possible to assess training programs, which in combination with dietary intervention can optimize body weight reduction in obese subjects, with or without lymphedema. This is particularly important for patients with lymphedema because obesity can worsen the clinical status, and therefore, a personalized approach that could reduce obesity would be fundamental in the clinical management of lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vettori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Karen L Herbst
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Marina Cestari
- Study Centre Pianeta Linfedema, Terni, Italy.,Lymphology Sector of the Rehabilitation Service, USLUmbria2, Terni, Italy
| | - Sandro Michelini
- Department of Vascular Rehabilitation, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Michelini
- Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan-San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S Lab, Rovereto, Italy.,MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy.,EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto, Italy
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Naureen Z, Perrone M, Paolacci S, Maltese PE, Dhuli K, Kurti D, Dautaj A, Miotto R, Casadei A, Fioretti B, Beccari T, Romeo F, Bertelli M. Genetic test for the personalization of sport training. Acta Biomed 2020; 91:e2020012. [PMID: 33170162 PMCID: PMC8023127 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants may contribute to confer elite athlete status. However, this does not mean that a person with favourable genetic traits would become a champion because multiple genetic interactions and epigenetic contributions coupled with confounding environmental factors shape the overall phenotype. This opens up a new area in sports genetics with respect to commercial genetic testing. The analysis of genetic polymorphisms linked to sport performance would provide insights into the potential of becoming an elite endurance or power performer. This mini-review aims to highlight genetic interactions that are associated with performance phenotypes and their potentials to be used as markers for talent identification and trainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakira Naureen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Marco Perrone
- Division of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bernard Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy.
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35
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Naureen Z, Dautaj A, Anpilogov K, Camilleri G, Dhuli K, Tanzi B, Maltese PE, Cristofoli F, De Antoni L, Beccari T, Dundar M, Bertelli M. Bacteriophages presence in nature and their role in the natural selection of bacterial populations. Acta Biomed 2020; 91:e2020024. [PMID: 33170167 PMCID: PMC8023132 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phages are the obligate parasite of bacteria and have complex interactions with their hosts. Phages can live in, modify, and shape bacterial communities by bringing about changes in their abundance, diversity, physiology, and virulence. In addition, phages mediate lateral gene transfer, modify host metabolism and reallocate bacterially-derived biochemical compounds through cell lysis, thus playing an important role in ecosystem. Phages coexist and coevolve with bacteria and have developed several antidefense mechanisms in response to bacterial defense strategies against them. Phages owe their existence to their bacterial hosts, therefore they bring about alterations in their host genomes by transferring resistance genes and genes encoding toxins in order to improve the fitness of the hosts. Application of phages in biotechnology, environment, agriculture and medicines demands a deep insight into the myriad of phage-bacteria interactions. However, to understand their complex interactions, we need to know how unique phages are to their bacterial hosts and how they exert a selective pressure on the microbial communities in nature. Consequently, the present review focuses on phage biology with respect to natural selection of bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakira Naureen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Munis Dundar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy; MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
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36
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Baronio M, Freni-Sterrantino A, Pinelli M, Natalini G, Tonini G, Marri M, Baglivo M, Sabatini T, Maltese PE, Chiurazzi P, Michelini S, Morreale G, Ascione A, Notaro P, Bertelli M. Italian SARS-CoV-2 patients in intensive care: towards an identikit for subjects at risk? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:9698-9704. [PMID: 33015815 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202009_23061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate patient characteristics and factors that increase the risk of being admitted to intensive care and that influence survival in cases of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. PATIENTS AND METHODS One-hundred and ninety-one SARS-CoV-2 patients were admitted to the "Fondazione Poliambulanza di Brescia" Hospital (Brescia, Lombardy, Italy) in the period 1st March 2020 to 11th April 2020. Data on demographics, clinical presentation at admission, co-morbidities, pharmacological treatment, admission to intensive care and death was recorded. Logistic regression and survival analysis were carried out to investigate the risk of being admitted to intensive care and the risk of death. RESULTS The mean age of the study cohort was 64.6±9.9 years (range 20-88). Median BMI was 28.5±5 kg/m2. Fever (81%) and dyspnea (65%) were the most common symptoms on admission. Most of patients (63%) had at least one co-existing disease. The 157 (82%) patients admitted to intensive care were more likely to be of intermediate age (60-69 years; OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.32-8.38), overweight (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.02-7.07) or obese (OR 5.63, 95% CI 1.73-21.09) and with lymphocytopenia (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.17-6.89) than the 34 patients admitted to the ordinary ward. During intensive care, 50% of patients died and their death was associated with older age (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.07-3.97), obesity (HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.15-4.35) and male gender (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.02-3.57). CONCLUSIONS We found that admission to intensive care and poor survival were associated with advanced age and higher body mass index, albeit with differences in statistical significance. Pre-existing diseases and symptoms on admission were not associated with different clinical outcomes. Interestingly, male gender was more prevalent among SARS-CoV-2 patients and was related negatively to survival, but it was not associated with more frequent admission to intensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baronio
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy.
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Maltese PE, Aldanova E, Kriuchkova N, Averianov A, Manara E, Paolacci S, Bruson A, Miotto R, Sartori M, Guerri G, Zuntini M, Marceddu G, Tezzele S, Tadtaeva K, Chernova A, Aksyutina N, Nikulina S, Nodari S, Bertelli M. Putative role of Brugada syndrome genes in familial atrial fibrillation. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 23:7582-7598. [PMID: 31539150 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201909_18880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial atrial fibrillation (FAF), a not uncommon arrhythmia of the atrium, is characterized by heritability, early onset and absence of other heart defects. The molecular and genetic basis is still not completely clear and genetic diagnosis cannot be achieved in about 90% of patients. In this study, we present the results of genetic screening by next generation sequencing in affected Russian families. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty subjects (18 probands and 42 relatives) with a clinical diagnosis of FAF were enrolled in the study. Since AF frequently associates with other cardiomyopathies, we included all genes that were known to be associated with these disorders at the time of our study. All probands were therefore systematically screened for 47 genes selected from the literature. RESULTS Our study revealed that seven variants co-segregated with the clinical phenotype in seven families. Interestingly, four out of six genes and three out of seven variants have already been associated with Brugada syndrome in the literature. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of association of the CACNA1C, CTNNA3, PKP2, ANK2 and SCN10A genes with FAF; it is also the first study in Russian families.
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38
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Gatticchi L, Miertus J, Maltese PE, Bressan S, De Antoni L, Podracká L, Piteková L, Rísová V, Mällo M, Jaakson K, Joost K, Colombo L, Bertelli M. A very early diagnosis of Alstrӧm syndrome by next generation sequencing. BMC Med Genet 2020; 21:173. [PMID: 32867697 PMCID: PMC7460749 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Alström syndrome is a rare recessively inherited disorder caused by variants in the ALMS1 gene. It is characterized by multiple organ dysfunction, including cone-rod retinal dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, hearing loss, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic fibrosis. Heterogeneity and age-dependent development of clinical manifestations make it difficult to obtain a clear diagnosis, especially in pediatric patients. Case presentation Here we report the case of a girl with Alström syndrome. Genetic examination was proposed at age 22 months when suspected macular degeneration was the only major finding. Next generation sequencing of a panel of genes linked to eye-related pathologies revealed two compound heterozygous variants in the ALMS1 gene. Frameshift variants c.1196_1202del, p.(Thr399Lysfs*11), rs761292021 and c.11310_11313del, (p.Glu3771Trpfs*18), rs747272625 were detected in exons 5 and 16, respectively. Both variants cause frameshifts and generation of a premature stop-codon that probably leads to mRNA nonsense-mediated decay. Validation and segregation of ALMS1 variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Conclusions Genetic testing makes it possible, even in childhood, to increase the number of correct diagnoses of patients who have ambiguous phenotypes caused by rare genetic variants. The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies offers an exceptionally valuable screening tool for clear genetic diagnoses and ensures early multidisciplinary management and treatment of the emerging symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Gatticchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jan Miertus
- Génius n. o, Trnava, Slovakia.,MAGI's Lab, Genetic Testing Laboratory, Via Delle Maioliche 57/D, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Paolo Enrico Maltese
- MAGI's Lab, Genetic Testing Laboratory, Via Delle Maioliche 57/D, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy.
| | - Simone Bressan
- MAGI's Lab, Genetic Testing Laboratory, Via Delle Maioliche 57/D, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Luca De Antoni
- MAGI Euregio, Via Maso della Pieve, 60/A, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ludmila Podracká
- Department of Pediatrics, National Institute for Sick Children, Commenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Piteková
- Department of Pediatrics, National Institute for Sick Children, Commenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Rísová
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Commenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Colombo
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI's Lab, Genetic Testing Laboratory, Via Delle Maioliche 57/D, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy.,MAGI Euregio, Via Maso della Pieve, 60/A, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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Michelini S, Chiurazzi P, Marino V, Dell’Orco D, Manara E, Baglivo M, Fiorentino A, Maltese PE, Pinelli M, Herbst KL, Dautaj A, Bertelli M. Aldo-Keto Reductase 1C1 ( AKR1C1) as the First Mutated Gene in a Family with Nonsyndromic Primary Lipedema. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176264. [PMID: 32872468 PMCID: PMC7503355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipedema is an often underdiagnosed chronic disorder that affects subcutaneous adipose tissue almost exclusively in women, which leads to disproportionate fat accumulation in the lower and upper body extremities. Common comorbidities include anxiety, depression, and pain. The correlation between mood disorder and subcutaneous fat deposition suggests the involvement of steroids metabolism and neurohormones signaling, however no clear association has been established so far. In this study, we report on a family with three patients affected by sex-limited autosomal dominant nonsyndromic lipedema. They had been screened by whole exome sequencing (WES) which led to the discovery of a missense variant p.(Leu213Gln) in AKR1C1, the gene encoding for an aldo-keto reductase catalyzing the reduction of progesterone to its inactive form, 20-α-hydroxyprogesterone. Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of the wild-type vs. variant enzyme, corroborated by a thorough structural and functional bioinformatic analysis, suggest a partial loss-of-function of the variant. This would result in a slower and less efficient reduction of progesterone to hydroxyprogesterone and an increased subcutaneous fat deposition in variant carriers. Overall, our results suggest that AKR1C1 is the first candidate gene associated with nonsyndromic lipedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Michelini
- Dipartimento di Riabilitazione, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista, A.C.I.S.M.O.M., 00148 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A.Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC Genetica Medica, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Marino
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Biomedicina e Movimento, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (V.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Daniele Dell’Orco
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Biomedicina e Movimento, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (V.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Elena Manara
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Alessandro Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Riabilitazione, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista, A.C.I.S.M.O.M., 00148 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (A.F.)
| | | | - Michele Pinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Sezione di Pediatria, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Karen Louise Herbst
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacy, Medical Imaging, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.)
- EBTNA-Lab, 38068 Rovereto, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Tavian D, Missaglia S, Michelini S, Maltese PE, Manara E, Mordente A, Bertelli M. FOXC2 Disease Mutations Identified in Lymphedema Distichiasis Patients Impair Transcriptional Activity and Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145112. [PMID: 32698337 PMCID: PMC7404146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXC2 is a member of the human forkhead-box gene family and encodes a regulatory transcription factor. Mutations in FOXC2 have been associated with lymphedema distichiasis (LD), an autosomal dominant disorder that primarily affects the limbs. Most patients also show extra eyelashes, a condition known as distichiasis. We previously reported genetic and clinical findings in six unrelated families with LD. Half the patients showed missense mutations, two carried frameshift mutations and a stop mutation was identified in a last patient. Here we analyzed the subcellular localization and transactivation activity of the mutant proteins, showing that all but one (p.Y109*) localized to the nucleus. A significant reduction of transactivation activity was observed in four mutants (p.L80F, p.H199Pfs*264, p.I213Tfs*18, p.Y109*) compared with wild type FOXC2 protein, while only a partial loss of function was associated with p.V228M. The mutant p.I213V showed a very slight increase of transactivation activity. Finally, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that some mutants were sequestered into nuclear aggregates and caused a reduction of cell viability. This study offers new insights into the effect of FOXC2 mutations on protein function and shows the involvement of aberrant aggregation of FOXC2 proteins in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tavian
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20145 Milan, Italy;
- Psychology Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-72348731
| | - Sara Missaglia
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20145 Milan, Italy;
- Psychology Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Michelini
- Department of Vascular Rehabilitation, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 00148 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Enrico Maltese
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, International Association of Medical Genetics, MAGI’s Lab s.r.l., 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (P.E.M.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Alvaro Mordente
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio ed Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Facoltà di Scienze della Formazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, International Association of Medical Genetics, MAGI’s Lab s.r.l., 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (P.E.M.); (M.B.)
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
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Maltese PE, Aldanova E, Kriuchkova N, Averianov A, Manara E, Paolacci S, Bruson A, Miotto R, Sartori M, Guerri G, Zuntini M, Marceddu G, Tezzele S, Tadtaeva K, Chernova A, Aksyutina N, Nikulina S, Nodari S, Bertelli M. Reply to the Letter - "The development of Brugada syndrome phenotype is multifactorial, combining genetic and environmental factors". Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:3446-3447. [PMID: 32329816 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202004_20800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P E Maltese
- MAGI's Lab, Rovereto, Italy, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
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Paolacci S, Iarossi G, Gusson E, Maltese PE, Dallavilla T, Fanelli F, Zulian A, Cerra D, Unfer V, Marchini G, Bertelli M. CRB1-Related Cystic Maculopathy in Twins Conceived Through Heterologous Fertilization With Variant-Carrying Oocytes. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2020; 57:e19-e24. [PMID: 32176805 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20200204-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cystic maculopathy has been associated with genetic disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa, X-linked retinoschisis, cone dystrophy, and foveal retinoschisis. Familial foveal retinoschisis was recently described as a rare disease caused by CRB1 variants. The authors report the phenotype-genotype pattern of a pair of dizygotic twins with early-onset cystic maculopathy due to CRB1 pathogenic variants. The twins were conceived by heterologous fertilization with variant-carrying oocytes. The probands were monitored for a period of 4 years. Next generation sequencing of a panel of genes responsible for retinal dystrophies was performed. Both children carried three pathogenic variants in CRB1: a novel heterozygous truncating variant p.(Val855*) inherited from the father and two known heterozygous missense variants, p.[(Phe144Val; Thr745Met)], inherited from the oocyte donor. The findings confirm that CRB1 variants can be responsible for foveal retinoschisis with variable clinical expressivity ranging from schitic macular alteration to early-onset forms of cystic maculopathy. The authors highlight the importance of exome analysis of gamete donors to assess the likelihood of recessively inherited disorders by means of a prediction algorithm able to combine parent and donor exome data. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2020;57:e19-e24.].
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43
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Miertuš J, Maltese PE, Hýblová M, Tomková E, Ďurovčíková D, Rísová V, Bertelli M. Expanding the phenotype of thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome with hypospadias. J Biotechnol 2020; 311:44-48. [PMID: 32109542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rare genetic diseases and syndromes may appear with unique features in some patients. In genetically-solved cases, this situation indicates a phenotypic expansion of the syndrome with additional features (i.e. the disease-associated gene gives rise to unusual clinical presentation). However, this situation can also hide a multilocus pathogenic variation that cannot be solved genetically except by a massive sequencing approach, such as exome sequencing. Here we describe the case of a child with bilateral radial aplasia, transient thrombocytopenia and anemia, cow's milk intolerance, hypospadias, facial dysmorphism, mild hypothyroidism and umbilical and inguinal hernia. Bilaterally absent radius, presence of thumbs and low platelet count are pathognomonic of thrombocytopenia absent radius (TAR) syndrome, but the child also showed other features beyond those reported in the literature. Since various diseases resembling the proband's phenotype required differential diagnosis, clinical exome sequencing was performed. The results showed compound heterozygous mutations in the RBM8A gene, confirming the suspicion of TAR syndrome. A truncating heterozygous variant in the DUOX2 gene, known to be associated with transient thyroid dyshormonogenesis type 6 (TDH6), was also detected and may explain the proband's mild hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Miertuš
- Génius n. o., Mestská Poliklinika, Starohájska 2, Trnava, Slovakia; MAGI´s Lab, via delle Maioliche 57/D, Rovereto, TN, Italy.
| | | | - Michaela Hýblová
- Genetics Lab, Medirex a.s., Galvaniho 17C, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Erika Tomková
- Genetics Lab, Medirex a.s., Galvaniho 17C, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Darina Ďurovčíková
- Genetic Clinic, Slovak Healthcare University, Limbová 12, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Vanda Rísová
- Histology Dept., "Commeniana" University, Špitálska 24, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Kiani AK, Maltese PE, Dautaj A, Paolacci S, Kurti D, Picotti PM, Bertelli M. Neurobiological basis of chiropractic manipulative treatment of the spine in the care of major depression. Acta Biomed 2020; 91:e2020006. [PMID: 33170171 PMCID: PMC8023121 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim: Major depressive disorder is associated with an autonomic nervous system imbalance. All the symptoms of depression (high cortisol, high adrenalin, insomnia, agitation, anxiety) can probably be attributed to over-activation of the sympathetic nervous system. We performed this review in order to highlight the possible links between chiropractic intervention, its potential molecular effects and its possible outcomes on patients with depression. Methods: We performed a literature search for all the relevant manuscript regarding the effects of chiropractic and depression on the autonomic nervous system. Results: Chiropractic care and spinal manipulation regulate the autonomic nervous system at peripheral level and its projections to the central nervous system. In particular, they may activate the parasympathetic system to counterbalance the activity of the sympathetic system. Vagal parasympathetic stimulation is also considered an effective therapy for major depression as it releases neurotrophins essential for anti-depressive therapies, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor. Conclusion: Chiropractic and spinal manipulative therapies along with vagal nerve stimulation may therefore be regarded as treatment options for depression. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy, MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy, EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
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Maltese PE, Manara E, Beccari T, Dundar M, Capodicasa N, Bertelli M. Genetic testing for autonomic dysfunction or dysautonomias. Acta Biomed 2020; 91:e2020002. [PMID: 33170169 PMCID: PMC8023137 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim: The autonomic system is made of two divisions called the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and extends from the central to the peripheral nervous system for controlling homeostasis. Autonomic dysfunction, also known as dysautonomia, occurs when the nerves that control involuntary bodily functions do not work properly. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize all the syndromes characterized by dysautonomia and for which the associated gene is known. Methods: We searched those syndromes in PubMed and OMIM database. Results: We found 36 genetic syndromes characterized by autonomic dysfunction. Conclusions: We propose genetic testing in all cases of idiopathic autonomic dysfunction. A genetic test with these genes would make it possible to determine the molecular diagnosis of new subjects and/or establish a risk of recurrence in family members for the purpose of planning appropriate preventive and/or therapeutic measures. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Munis Dundar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy, MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy, EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
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Paolacci S, Faletra F, Maltese PE, Quadrifoglio M, Bertelli M. A next generation sequencing custom gene panel designed to distinguish isolated polydactyly from syndromic polydactyly during prenatal diagnosis. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2019; 59:197-198. [PMID: 30767287 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Paolacci
- MAGI's Lab, Research Division, Via delle Maioliche, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Department of Medical Genetics, Burlo Garofolo Institute, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Mariachiara Quadrifoglio
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Department of Medical Genetics, Burlo Garofolo Institute, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI Euregio, Research Division, Via Maso della Pieve, Bolzano, Italy
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Frecer V, Iarossi G, Salvetti AP, Maltese PE, Delledonne G, Oldani M, Staurenghi G, Falsini B, Minnella AM, Ziccardi L, Magli A, Colombo L, D'Esposito F, Miertus J, Viola F, Attanasio M, Maggio E, Bertelli M. Pathogenicity of new BEST1 variants identified in Italian patients with best vitelliform macular dystrophy assessed by computational structural biology. J Transl Med 2019; 17:330. [PMID: 31570112 PMCID: PMC6771118 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD) is an autosomal dominant macular degeneration. The typical central yellowish yolk-like lesion usually appears in childhood and gradually worsens. Most cases are caused by variants in the BEST1 gene which encodes bestrophin-1, an integral membrane protein found primarily in the retinal pigment epithelium. Methods Here we describe the spectrum of BEST1 variants identified in a cohort of 57 Italian patients analyzed by Sanger sequencing. In 13 cases, the study also included segregation analysis in affected and unaffected relatives. We used molecular mechanics to calculate two quantitative parameters related to calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC composed of 5 BEST1 subunits) stability and calcium-dependent activation and related them to the potential pathogenicity of individual missense variants detected in the probands. Results Thirty-six out of 57 probands (63% positivity) and 16 out of 18 relatives proved positive to genetic testing. Family study confirmed the variable penetrance and expressivity of the disease. Six of the 27 genetic variants discovered were novel: p.(Val9Gly), p.(Ser108Arg), p.(Asn179Asp), p.(Trp182Arg), p.(Glu292Gln) and p.(Asn296Lys). All BEST1 variants were assessed in silico for potential pathogenicity. Our computational structural biology approach based on 3D model structure of the CaCC showed that individual amino acid replacements may affect channel shape, stability, activation, gating, selectivity and throughput, and possibly also other features, depending on where the individual mutated amino acid residues are located in the tertiary structure of BEST1. Statistically significant correlations between mean logMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), age and modulus of computed BEST1 dimerization energies, which reflect variations in the in CaCC stability due to amino acid changes, permitted us to assess the pathogenicity of individual BEST1 variants. Conclusions Using this computational approach, we designed a method for estimating BCVA progression in patients with BEST1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Frecer
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Giancarlo Iarossi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù IRCCS Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Salvetti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Delledonne
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Oldani
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Staurenghi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Visual Electrophysiology Service, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli/UniversitàCattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Maria Minnella
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Visual Electrophysiology Service, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli/UniversitàCattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ziccardi
- Neurophthalmology and Neurophysiology Unit, GB Bietti Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Magli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Orthoptic and Pediatric Ophthalmology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Leonardo Colombo
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana D'Esposito
- Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Unit, Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Viola
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Clinica Regina Elena, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emilia Maggio
- IRCCS-Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, VR, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S Lab S.R.L., Via Delle Maioliche 57/D, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy.,MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
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D'Esposito F, Randazzo V, Cennamo G, Centore N, Maltese PE, Malesci R, D'Andrea L, Bertelli M, Marciano E, de Crecchio G, Pioppo A, Magli A, Cordeiro MF. Novel USH1G homozygous variant underlying USH2-like phenotype of Usher syndrome. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019; 31:NP18-NP22. [PMID: 31566003 DOI: 10.1177/1120672119879392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing impairment and retinitis pigmentosa. Classification distinguishes three clinical types of which type I (USH1) is the most severe, with vestibular dysfunction as an added feature. To date, 15 genes and 3 loci have been identified with the USH1G gene being an uncommon cause of USH. We describe an atypical USH1G-related phenotype caused by a novel homozygous missense variation in a patient with profound hearing impairment and relatively mild retinitis pigmentosa, but no vestibular dysfunction. METHODS A 26-year-old female patient with profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss, nyctalopia and retinitis pigmentosa was studied. Audiometric, vestibular and ophthalmologic examination was performed. A panel of 13 genes was tested by next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS While the hearing loss was confirmed to be profound, the vestibular function resulted normal. Although typical retinitis pigmentosa was present, the age at onset was unusually late for USH1 syndrome. A novel homozygous missense variation (c.1187T>A, p.Leu396Gln) in the USH1G gene has been identified as causing the disease in our patient. CONCLUSIONS Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity are very common in both isolated and syndromic retinal dystrophies and sensorineural hearing loss. Our findings widen the spectrum of USH allelic disorders and strength the concept that variants in genes that are classically known as underlying one specific clinical USH subtype might result in unexpected phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana D'Esposito
- Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG) Unit, Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Centro di Ipovisione, U.O.C. di Oculistica A.O.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy.,MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Viviana Randazzo
- Centro di Ipovisione, U.O.C. di Oculistica A.O.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gilda Cennamo
- Eye Clinic, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Centore
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rita Malesci
- Unit of Audiology and Vestibology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca D'Andrea
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- Eye Clinic, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,MAGI'S Lab, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Elio Marciano
- Unit of Audiology and Vestibology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe de Crecchio
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Pioppo
- Centro di Ipovisione, U.O.C. di Oculistica A.O.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy.,U.O.C. di Oculistica A.O.O.R Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriano Magli
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Cordeiro
- Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG) Unit, Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Maltese PE, Michelini S, Baronio M, Bertelli M. Molecular foundations of chiropractic therapy. Acta Biomed 2019; 90:93-102. [PMID: 31577263 PMCID: PMC7233649 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i10-s.8768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim: Alternative medicine is a broad term used to encompass different therapies, including chiropractic. Chiropractic was called “a science of healing without drugs” by its founder, David Daniel Palmer. It is based on the idea that the body has a powerful self-healing ability and that there is a relationship between body structure and function that affects health. In particular, chiropractic assumes that the nervous system controls the human body through nerves branching from the vertebral column and spinal cord. Researchers do not fully understand how chiropractic therapies affect pain, but chiropractic is widely used today to treat chronic pain, such as back pain. Different studies with animal models have demonstrated that chiropractic therapies mediate neuroplasticity, specifically through modulation of neurotrophins. No studies have yet been published on interaction between neurotrophin gene polymorphisms and chiropractic treatment. Methods: We searched PubMed with the following keywords: chiropractic, neuroplasticity, neurotrophin gene polymorphism for a panorama of on the molecular mechanisms of chiropractic therapy. Results: From the material collected, we identified a set of genes and some functional polymorphisms that could be correlated with better response to chiropractic therapy. Conclusions: Further association studies will be necessary to confirm hypotheses of a correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms in specific genes and better response to chiropractic therapy. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Manara E, Paolacci S, D’Esposito F, Abeshi A, Ziccardi L, Falsini B, Colombo L, Iarossi G, Pilotta A, Boccone L, Guerri G, Monica M, Marta B, Maltese PE, Buzzonetti L, Rossetti L, Bertelli M. Mutation profile of BBS genes in patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome: an Italian study. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:72. [PMID: 31196119 PMCID: PMC6567512 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-019-0659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare inherited multisystemic disorder with autosomal recessive or complex digenic triallelic inheritance. There is currently no treatment for BBS, but some morbidities can be managed. Accurate molecular diagnosis is often crucial for the definition of appropriate patient management and for the development of a potential personalized therapy. METHODS We developed a next-generation-sequencing (NGS) protocol for the screening of the 18 most frequently mutated genes to define the genotype and clarify the mutation spectrum of a cohort of 20 BBS Italian patients. RESULTS We defined the causative variants in 60% of patients; four of those are novel. 33% of patients also harboured variants in additional gene/s, suggesting possible oligogenic inheritance. To explore the function of different genes, we looked for correlations between genotype and phenotype in our cohort. Hypogonadism was more frequently detected in patients with variants in BBSome proteins, while renal abnormalities in patients with variations in BBSome chaperonin genes. CONCLUSIONS NGS is a powerful tool that can help understanding BBS patients' phenotype through the identification of mutations that could explain differences in phenotype severity and could provide insights for the development of targeted therapy. Furthermore, our results support the existence of additional BBS loci yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabiana D’Esposito
- Magi Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Unit, Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Benedetto Falsini
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Colombo
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Iarossi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù IRCCS Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alba Pilotta
- Special Unit of Auxoendocrinology, Diabetology and Pediatric Genetics, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Loredana Boccone
- Microcitemic Regional Hospital, Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Marica Monica
- Microcitemic Regional Hospital, Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Balzarini Marta
- Microcitemic Regional Hospital, Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Luca Buzzonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù IRCCS Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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