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Bonetti G, Cozza W, Bernini A, Kaftalli J, Mareso C, Cristofoli F, Medori MC, Colombo L, Martella S, Staurenghi G, Salvetti AP, Falsini B, Placidi G, Attanasio M, Pertile G, Bengala M, Bosello F, Petracca A, D’Esposito F, Toschi B, Lanzetta P, Ricci F, Viola F, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Towards a Long-Read Sequencing Approach for the Molecular Diagnosis of RPGR ORF15 Genetic Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16881. [PMID: 38069202 PMCID: PMC10706286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of the low-complexity ORF15 exon of RPGR, a gene correlated with retinitis pigmentosa and cone dystrophy, is difficult to achieve with NGS and Sanger sequencing. False results could lead to the inaccurate annotation of genetic variants in dbSNP and ClinVar databases, tools on which HGMD and Ensembl rely, finally resulting in incorrect genetic variants interpretation. This paper aims to propose PacBio sequencing as a feasible method to correctly detect genetic variants in low-complexity regions, such as the ORF15 exon of RPGR, and interpret their pathogenicity by structural studies. Biological samples from 75 patients affected by retinitis pigmentosa or cone dystrophy were analyzed with NGS and repeated with PacBio. The results showed that NGS has a low coverage of the ORF15 region, while PacBio was able to sequence the region of interest and detect eight genetic variants, of which four are likely pathogenic. Furthermore, molecular modeling and dynamics of the RPGR Glu-Gly repeats binding to TTLL5 allowed for the structural evaluation of the variants, providing a way to predict their pathogenicity. Therefore, we propose PacBio sequencing as a standard procedure in diagnostic research for sequencing low-complexity regions such as RPGRORF15, aiding in the correct annotation of genetic variants in online databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bonetti
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - William Cozza
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (W.C.); (J.K.); (C.M.); (F.D.); (G.M.)
| | - Andrea Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Jurgen Kaftalli
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (W.C.); (J.K.); (C.M.); (F.D.); (G.M.)
| | - Chiara Mareso
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (W.C.); (J.K.); (C.M.); (F.D.); (G.M.)
| | | | | | - Leonardo Colombo
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Salvatore Martella
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Giovanni Staurenghi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Anna Paola Salvetti
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy (G.P.)
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Placidi
- UOC Oculistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy (G.P.)
| | - Marcella Attanasio
- Ospedale Sacrocuore Don Calabria, Viale Luigi Rizzardi, 4, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy; (M.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Grazia Pertile
- Ospedale Sacrocuore Don Calabria, Viale Luigi Rizzardi, 4, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy; (M.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Mario Bengala
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Oncohematology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Bosello
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Antonio Petracca
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Fabiana D’Esposito
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (W.C.); (J.K.); (C.M.); (F.D.); (G.M.)
- Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG) Unit, Imperial College, London NW1 5QH, UK
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Benedetta Toschi
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Oncological Area, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Paolo Lanzetta
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Istituto Europeo di Microchirurgia Oculare (IEMO), 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federico Ricci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Viale Oxford, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Viola
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Clinica Regina Elena, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Marceddu
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (W.C.); (J.K.); (C.M.); (F.D.); (G.M.)
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (W.C.); (J.K.); (C.M.); (F.D.); (G.M.)
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, 107 Technology Parkway, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, USA
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Medori MC, Gisondi P, Bellinato F, Bonetti G, Micheletti C, Donato K, Dhuli K, Ergoren MC, Cristofoli F, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. X-linked genodermatoses from diagnosis to tailored therapy. Clin Ter 2023; 174:236-242. [PMID: 37994770 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Genodermatoses are rare heterogeneous genetic skin diseases with multiorgan involvement. They severely impair an individual's well-being and can also lead to early death. Methods During the progress of this review, we have implemented a targeted research approach, diligently choosing the most relevant and exemplary articles within the subject matter. Our method entailed a systematic exploration of the scientific literature to ensure a compre-hensive and accurate compilation of the available sources. Results Among genodermatoses, X-linked ones are of particular importance and should always be considered when pediatric males are affected. Regardless of other syndromic forms without prevalence of skin symptoms, X-linked genodermatoses can be classified in three main groups: keratinization defects, pigmentation defects, and inflammatory skin diseases. Typical examples are dyskeratosis congenita, keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, chondrodysplasia punctata, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, incontinentia pigmenti, chronic granulomatous disease, CHILD syndrome and ichthyosis. In this field, genetic diagnosis of the specific disease is important, also considering that numerous clinical trials of orphan drugs and genetic therapies are being proposed for these rare genetic diseases. Conclusions Thus, this chapter starts from clinical to molecular testing and ends with a review of all clinical trials on orphan drugs and gene therapy for genodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Gisondi
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F Bellinato
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Bonetti
- MAGI's LAB, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - K Donato
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners, USA
| | | | - M C Ergoren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | - M Bertelli
- MAGI's LAB, Rovereto, Italy
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners, USA
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Micheletti C, Bonetti G, Madeo G, Gadler M, Benedetti S, Guerri G, Cristofoli F, Generali D, Donofrio CA, Cominetti M, Fioravanti A, Riccio L, Manganotti P, Caruso P, Bernini A, Fulcheri E, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Omics sciences and precision medicine in glioblastoma. Clin Ter 2023; 174:77-84. [PMID: 37994751 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive and malignant type of brain cancer with a poor prognosis, despite current treatment options of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. These treatments have limitations due to the aggressive nature of the cancer and the difficulty in completely removing the tumor without damaging healthy brain tissue. Personalized medicine, using genomic profiling to tailor treatment to the patient's specific tumor, and immunotherapy have shown promise in clinical trials. The blood-brain barrier also poses a challenge in delivering treatments to the brain, and researchers are exploring various approaches to bypass it. More effective, personalized treatment approaches are needed to improve outcomes for glioblastoma patients. This tumor is studied using genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics techniques, to better understand its underlying molecular mechanisms. Recent studies have used these techniques to identify potential therapeutic targets, molecular subtypes, and heterogeneity of tumor cells. Advancements in omics sciences have improved our understanding of glioblastoma biology, and precision medicine approaches have impli-cations for more accurate diagnoses, improved treatment outcomes, and personalized preventive care. Precision medicine can match patients with drugs that target specific genetic mutations, improve clinical trials, and identify individuals at higher risk for certain diseases. Precision medicine, which involves customizing medical treatment based on an individual's genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environmental factors, has shown promise in improving treatment outcomes for glioblastoma patients. Identifying biomarkers is essential for patient stratification and treatment selection in precision medicine approaches for glioblastoma, and several biomarkers have shown promise in predicting patient response to treatment. Targeted therapies are a key component of precision medicine approaches in glioblastoma, but there is still a need to improve their effectiveness. Technical challenges, such as sample quality and availability, and challenges in analyzing and interpreting large amounts of data remain significant obstacles in omics sciences and precision medicine for glioblastoma. The clinical implementation of precision medicine in glioblastoma treatment faces challenges related to patient selection, drug development, and clinical trial design, as well as ethical and legal considerations related to patient privacy, informed consent, and access to expensive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G Madeo
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - M Gadler
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - G Guerri
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, Italy
| | - C A Donofrio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Cominetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - A Fioravanti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - L Riccio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - P Manganotti
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Caruso
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - E Fulcheri
- Fetal-Perinatal Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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Medori MC, Micheletti C, Gadler M, Benedetti S, Guerri G, Cristofoli F, Generali D, Donofrio CA, Cominetti M, Fioravanti A, Riccio L, Bernini A, Fulcheri E, Calogero AE, Cannarella R, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Omics sciences and precision medicine in prostate cancer. Clin Ter 2023; 174:95-103. [PMID: 37994753 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract In the last decade, Prostate Cancer (PCa) has emerged as the second most prevalent and serious medical condition, and is considered one of the leading factors contributing to global mortality rates. Several factors (genetic as well as environmental) contribute to its development and seriousness. Since the disease is usually asymptomatic at early stages, it is typically misdiagnosed or over-diagnosed by the diagnostic procedures currently in use, leading to improper treatment. Effective biomarkers and diagnostic techniques are desperately needed in clinical settings for better management of PCa patients. Studies integrating omics sciences have shown that the accuracy and dependability of diagnostic and prognostic evaluations have increased because of the use of omics data; also, the treatment plans using omics can be facilitated by personalized medicine. The present review emphasizes innovative multi-omics methodologies, encompassing proteomics, genomics, microbiomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics, with the aim of comprehending the molecular alterations that trigger and contribute to PCa. The review shows how early genomic and transcriptomic research has made it possible to identify PCa-related genes that are controlled by tumor-relevant signaling pathways. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses have recently been integrated, advancing our understanding of the complex mechanisms at play, the multiple levels of regulation, and how they interact. By applying the omics approach, new vulnerabilities may be discovered, and customized treatments with improved efficacy will soon be accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Gadler
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - G Guerri
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, Italy
| | - C A Donofrio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Cominetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - A Fioravanti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - L Riccio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - A Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - E Fulcheri
- Fetal-Perinatal Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - A E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA
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5
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Bonetti G, Donato K, Medori MC, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Gadler M, Guerri G, Cristofoli F, Connelly ST, Gaffuri F, Tartaglia GM, Nodari S, Arabia G, Fioretti F, Gregorace E, Perrone MA, Bertelli M. The Role of Olive Tree Polyphenols in the Prevention of COVID-19: A Scoping Review, part 1. Clin Ter 2023; 174:142-148. [PMID: 37994757 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The global COVID-19 outbreak, started in December 2019, resulted in severe financial losses and extraordinary health crises. Finding a potent and secure medication candidate to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection and its symptoms is still an urgent global need. After reviewing previous studies, olive leaves, being rich in polyphenolic compounds (a large class of bioactive substances naturally found in plants), were proposed as a viable co-therapy supplement to treat and improve clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients. It has long been known that olive tree polyphenols-such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, verbascoside, as well as triterpenoids like maslinic, ursolic, and oleanolic acids-have anti-inflammatory and multitarget antiviral effects on several virus families, and they could be one of the reasons of the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet against COVID-19. Thus, olive tree poly-phenols were tested in silico and in vitro for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, claiming that they have beneficial effects. Nevertheless, there is still a small number of research studies on this topic. The aim of this scoping review is to provide more information and offer an opinion on the feasibility of using olive tree polyphenols as a springboard for the creation of innovative natural remedies against this viral illness, ultimately planning future relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bonetti
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - K Donato
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
| | | | | | | | - M Gadler
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - G Guerri
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - S T Connelly
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - F Gaffuri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - G M Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - S Nodari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University and Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Arabia
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - F Fioretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University and Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - E Gregorace
- Division of Cardiology and CardioLab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M A Perrone
- Division of Cardiology and CardioLab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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6
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Bonetti G, Madeo G, Michelini S, Ricci M, Cestari M, Michelini S, Gadler M, Benedetti S, Guerri G, Cristofoli F, Generali D, Donofrio CA, Cominetti M, Fioravanti A, Riccio L, Bernini A, Fulcheri E, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Omics sciences and precision medicine in breast and ovarian cancer. Clin Ter 2023; 174:104-118. [PMID: 37994754 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Human breast carcinoma is a complex disease, affecting 1 in 8 women worldwide. The seriousness of the disease increases when the definite cause of the disease remains obscure, thus making prognosis challenging. Researchers are emphasizing on adapting more advanced and targeted therapeutic approaches to address the multifaceted impacts of the disease. Hence, modern multi-omics systems have gained popularity among clinicians, as they offer insights into the genomic, pharmacogenomic, metabolomic, and microbiomic factors, thus allowing researchers to develop targeted and personalized approaches for breast cancer prevention and early detection, and eventually improving patient outcomes. Aim The primary focus of this study is to elucidate, through the integration of multi-omics research findings, the inherent molecular origins of diverse subtypes of breast cancer and to evaluate the effectiveness of these findings in reducing breast cancer-related mortalities. Methods Thorough investigation was conducted by reviewing reputable and authoritative medical journals, e-books, and online databases dedicated to cancer research. The Mendelian inheritance in man database (OMIM) was used to scrutinize specific genes and their respective loci associated with the development of different types of breast cancer. Results Our present research revealed the holistic picture of sundry molecular, genomic, pharmacogenomic, metabolomic, and microbiomic features of breast cancer. Such findings, like genetic alterations in highly penetrant genes, plus metabolomic and microbiomic signatures of breast cancer, unveil valuable insights and show great potential for multi-omics research in breast oncology. Conclusion Further research in omics sciences pertaining to breast cancer are at the forefront of shaping precise treatment and bolstering patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bonetti
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Madeo
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - S Michelini
- Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, Marino, Italy
| | - M Ricci
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Italy
| | - M Cestari
- Study Centre Pianeta Linfedema, Terni, Italy
- Lymphology Sector of the Rehabilitation Service, USL Umbria 2, Terni, Italy
| | - S Michelini
- Neurosurgery, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M Gadler
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - G Guerri
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, Italy
| | - C A Donofrio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Cominetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | | | - L Riccio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | - A Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy
| | - E Fulcheri
- Fetal-Perinatal Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Università di Genova, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | | | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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7
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Madeo G, Bonetti G, Gadler M, Benedetti S, Guerri G, Cristofoli F, Generali D, Donofrio CA, Cominetti M, Fioravanti A, Riccio L, Bernini A, Fulcheri E, Iaconelli A, Aquilanti B, Matera G, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Omics sciences and precision medicine in colon cancer. Clin Ter 2023; 174:55-67. [PMID: 37994749 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Colon cancer presents a complex pathophysiological landscape, which poses a significant challenge to the precise prediction of patient prognosis and treatment response. However, the emergence of omics sciences such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has provided powerful tools to identify molecular alterations and pathways involved in colon cancer development and progression. To address the lack of literature exploring the intersection of omics sciences, precision medicine, and colon cancer, we conducted a comprehensive search in ScienceDirect and PubMed databases. We included systematic reviews, reviews, case studies, clinical studies, and randomized controlled trials that were published between 2015-2023. To refine our search, we excluded abstracts and non-English studies. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of the latest developments in precision medicine and omics sciences in the context of colon cancer. Studies have identified molecular subtypes of colon cancer based on genomic and transcrip-tomic profiles, which have implications for prognosis and treatment selection. Furthermore, precision medicine (which involves tailoring treatments, based on the unique molecular characteristics of each patient's tumor) has shown promise in improving outcomes for colon cancer patients. Omics sciences and precision medicine hold great promise for identifying new therapeutic targets and developing more effective treatments for colon cancer. Although not strictly designed as a systematic review, this review provides a readily accessible and up-to-date summary of the latest developments in the field, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Madeo
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - G Bonetti
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M Gadler
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - G Guerri
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, Italy
| | - C A Donofrio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Cominetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - A Fioravanti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - L Riccio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - A Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy
| | - E Fulcheri
- Fetal-Perinatal Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Università di Genova, Italy
| | - A Iaconelli
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - B Aquilanti
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Matera
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA
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8
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Micheletti C, Dhuli K, Donato K, Gadler M, Benedetti S, Guerri G, Cristofoli F, Generali D, Donofrio CA, Cominetti M, Fioravanti A, Riccio L, Bernini A, Fulcheri E, Stuppia L, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Cristoni S, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Omics sciences and precision medicine in lung cancer. Clin Ter 2023; 174:37-45. [PMID: 37994747 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Lung cancer is a complex disease, with a wide range of genetic alterations and clinical presentations. Understanding the natural and clinical history of the disease is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and treatment strategies. Omics approaches, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have emerged as powerful tools for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer and for identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. These approaches enable researchers to examine the entire genome, transcriptome, proteome, or metabolome of a cell or tissue, providing a comprehensive view of the biological processes involved in lung cancer development and progression. Targeted therapies that address specific genetic mutations and pathways hold promise for improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Dhuli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - K Donato
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA
| | - M Gadler
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - G Guerri
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, Italy
| | - C A Donofrio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Cominetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | | | - L Riccio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | - A Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy
| | - E Fulcheri
- Fetal-Perinatal Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Università di Genova, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - S Cristoni
- ISB Ion Source & Bio-technologies srl, Bresso (MI), Italy
| | | | | | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA
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9
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Bonetti G, Donato K, Dhuli K, Gadler M, Benedetti S, Guerri G, Cristofoli F, Generali D, Donofrio CA, Cominetti M, Fioravanti A, Riccio L, Bernini A, Fulcheri E, Cavalca D, Stuppia L, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Cristoni S, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Omics sciences and precision medicine in sarcoma. Clin Ter 2023; 174:68-76. [PMID: 37994750 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Sarcomas are a relatively rare but diverse group of cancers that typically develop in the mesenchymal cells of bones and soft tissues. Occurring in more than 70 subtypes, sarcomas have broad histological presentations, posing significant challenges of prognosis and treatment. Modern multi-omics studies, which include genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and micro-biomics, are vital to understand the underlying mechanisms of sarcoma development and progression, identify molecular biomarkers for early detection, develop personalized treatment plans, and discover drug resistance mechanisms in sarcomas to upsurge the survival rate. Aim This study aims to highlight the genetic risk factors responsible for sarcoma-genesis, and to present a comprehensive review of multi-omics studies about sarcoma. Methods Extensive literature research was undertaken using reliable and authentic medical journals, e-books, and online cancer research databases. Mendelian inheritance in man database (OMIM) was explored to study particular genes and their loci that are responsible to cause various sarcomas. Result This in-depth research led to the finding out that omics studies provide a more comprehensive understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms of sarcomas. Through genomics, we can reveal genetic alterations that predispose to sarcoma, like mutation in TP53, NF1, and so on. Pharmacogenomics enable us to find molecular targets for specific drugs. Whereas, proteomic and metabolomic studies provide insights into the biological pathways involved in sarcoma development and progression. Conclusion Future advancements in omics sciences for sarcoma are on the cutting-edge of defining precision treatment plans and improved resilience of sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bonetti
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - K Donato
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
| | - K Dhuli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - M Gadler
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - G Guerri
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, Italy
| | - C A Donofrio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Cominetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - A Fioravanti
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - L Riccio
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - A Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - E Fulcheri
- Fetal-Perinatal Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - D Cavalca
- Laser Surgery Operating Unit, Plastic Surgery Department, San Rocco Clinical Institute, Ome, BS, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Cristoni
- ISB Ion Source & Biotechnologies srl, Bresso (MI), Italy
| | | | | | - M Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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10
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Cristofoli F, Daja M, Maltese PE, Guerri G, Tanzi B, Miotto R, Bonetti G, Miertus J, Chiurazzi P, Stuppia L, Gatta V, Cecchin S, Bertelli M, Marceddu G. MAGI-ACMG: Algorithm for the Classification of Variants According to ACMG and ACGS Recommendations. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1600. [PMID: 37628650 PMCID: PMC10454715 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed MAGI-ACMG, a classification algorithm that allows the classification of sequencing variants (single nucleotide or small indels) according to the recommendations of the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) and the Association for Clinical Genomic Science (ACGS). The MAGI-ACMG classification algorithm uses information retrieved through the VarSome Application Programming Interface (API), integrates the AutoPVS1 tool in order to evaluate more precisely the attribution of the PVS1 criterion, and performs the customized assignment of specific criteria. In addition, we propose a sub-classification scheme for variants of uncertain significance (VUS) according to their proximity either towards the "likely pathogenic" or "likely benign" classes. We also conceived a pathogenicity potential criterion (P_POT) as a proxy for segregation criteria that might be added to a VUS after posterior testing, thus allowing it to upgrade its clinical significance in a diagnostic reporting setting. Finally, we have developed a user-friendly web application based on the MAGI-ACMG algorithm, available to geneticists for variant interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Miertus
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy (M.B.); (G.M.)
- MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy (M.B.); (G.M.)
- MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy (S.C.)
- MAGISNAT, Atlanta Tech Park, 107 Technology Parkway, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, USA
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11
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Sorrentino E, Daja M, Cristofoli F, Paolacci S, Bertelli M, Marceddu G. CNV analysis in a diagnostic setting using target panel. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:7-13. [PMID: 34890029 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Copy-number variation (CNV) is an important source of genetic diversity in humans. It can cause Mendelian or sporadic traits or be associated with complex diseases by various molecular mechanisms, including gene dosage, gene disruption, gene fusion and position effects. In clinical diagnostics, it is therefore fundamental to be able to identify such variations. The preferred techniques for CNV detection are MLPA, aCGH and qPCR, which have proven to be valuable, and they are complex, costly and require prior knowledge of the region to analyze. CNV calling from NGS data still suffers from data variability. Coverage can vary greatly from one region of the genome to another, depending on many factors like complexity, GC content, repeated regions and many others. In this paper, we describe how we developed a method for CNV detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our method exploits CoNVaDING to detect single- and multiple-exon CNVs in targeted NGS data. RESULTS We demonstrated that our CNV analysis has 100% specificity and 99.998% sensitivity. We also show how we evaluated the performance of this method based on internal analysis. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the method can be used to screen prior to standard labs technologies, thus reducing the number of analyses, as well as costs, and increasing test conclusiveness.
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12
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Sorrentino E, Cristofoli F, Modena C, Paolacci S, Bertelli M, Marceddu G. Integration of VarSome API in an existing bioinformatic pipeline for automated ACMG interpretation of clinical variants. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:1-6. [PMID: 34890028 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While the bioinformatic workflow, from quality control to annotation, is quite standardized, the interpretation of variants is still a challenge. The decreasing cost of massively parallel NGS has produced hundreds of variants per patient to analyze and interpret. The ACMG "Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants", widely adopted in clinical settings, assume that the clinician has a comprehensive knowledge of the literature and the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS To semi-automatize the application of the guidelines, we decided to develop an algorithm that exploits VarSome, a widely used platform that interprets variants on the basis of information from more than 70 genome databases. RESULTS Here we explain how we integrated VarSome API into our existing clinical diagnostic pipeline for NGS data to obtain validated reproducible results as indicated by accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS We validated the automated pipeline to be sure that it was doing what we expected. We obtained 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, confirming that it was suitable for use in a diagnostic setting.
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13
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Cristofoli F, Sorrentino E, Guerri G, Miotto R, Romanelli R, Zulian A, Cecchin S, Paolacci S, Miertus J, Bertelli M, Maltese PE, Chiurazzi P, Stuppia L, Castori M, Marceddu G. Variant Selection and Interpretation: An Example of Modified VarSome Classifier of ACMG Guidelines in the Diagnostic Setting. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1885. [PMID: 34946832 PMCID: PMC8700904 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Variant interpretation is challenging as it involves combining different levels of evidence in order to evaluate the role of a specific variant in the context of a patient's disease. Many in-depth refinements followed the original 2015 American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines to overcome subjective interpretation of criteria and classification inconsistencies. Here, we developed an ACMG-based classifier that retrieves information for variant interpretation from the VarSome Stable-API environment and allows molecular geneticists involved in clinical reporting to introduce the necessary changes to criterion strength and to add or exclude criteria assigned automatically, ultimately leading to the final variant classification. We also developed a modified ACMG checklist to assist molecular geneticists in adjusting criterion strength and in adding literature-retrieved or patient-specific information, when available. The proposed classifier is an example of integration of automation and human expertise in variant curation, while maintaining the laboratory analytical workflow and the established bioinformatics pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cristofoli
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (F.C.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Elisa Sorrentino
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (F.C.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giulia Guerri
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Roberta Miotto
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (F.C.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Roberta Romanelli
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Alessandra Zulian
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Stefano Cecchin
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Stefano Paolacci
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Jan Miertus
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (F.C.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (F.C.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Paolo Enrico Maltese
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI’S LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (A.Z.); (S.C.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Section of Genomic Medicine, Department of Life Science and Public Health, “Sacro Cuore” Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Policlinic University Foundation “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC Medical Genetics, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Foundation “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Marceddu
- Diagnostics Unit, MAGI EUREGIO, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (F.C.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
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14
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Colombo L, Maltese PE, Romano D, Fogagnolo P, Castori M, Marceddu G, Cristofoli F, Percio M, Piteková B, Modarelli AM, Bertelli M, Rossetti L. SD-OCT analysis in syndromic and non-syndromic forms of retinitis pigmentosa due to USH2A gene mutations. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 65:180-195. [PMID: 34781295 DOI: 10.1159/000520329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to analyze macular structure by using SD-OCT in a cohort of patients affected by autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome, due to genetic variants in USH2A gene, and to correlate OCT parameters with functional and genetic data. METHODS The subjects of this study were 92 patients, 46 syndromic (Ush2) and 46 non-syndromic (arRP), with clinical and genetic diagnosis of USH2A-related retinal dystrophy, who underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and spectral domain OCT analysis. The study focused on evaluating the differences between the two groups in the following parameters: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ellipsoid zone width (EZ), presence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) and cystic macular lesions (CML). Variants in USH2A gene were divided in 3 categories, according to the expected impact (low/high) at protein level of the different variants on each allele. RESULTS BCVA and EZ width were significantly lower in Ush2 than in arRP patients (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001). ERM was detected in 34.8% (16/46) of arRP patients and in 65.2% (30/46) of Ush2 patients (p = 0.003). CML was detected in 17.4% (8/46) of arRP patients and 30.4% (14/46) of Ush2 patients (p = 0.14). The allelic distribution was statistically different (p = 0.0003) by dividing the two diseases: for Ush2 patients it was 45.7% (high/high), 39.1% (low/high) and 15.2% (low/low); for arRP patients it was 8.7% (high/high), 56.5% (low/high) and 34.8% (low/low). The severity class of the variants significantly affected VA and EZ width parameters (p = 0.004 and p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION Retinal disease, as evaluated by means of SD-OCT, shows more advanced degeneration signs in the syndromic than the non-syndromic form of retinal dystrophy related to USH2A gene. Variant types and allelic profiles are determining factors for the onset of syndromic features. However, since the three allelic profiles can be found in both Usher and RP patients, other factors must necessarily play a determining role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Colombo
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Dario Romano
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Fogagnolo
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Barbora Piteková
- Department of Pediatrics, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, National Institute of Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Antonio Mattia Modarelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S Lab s.r.l., Rovereto, Italy
- MAGI Euregio s.c.s., Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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15
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Precone V, Notarangelo A, Marceddu G, D'Agruma L, Cannarella R, Calogero AE, Cristofoli F, Guerri G, Paolacci S, Castori M, Bertelli M. A simultaneous next-generation sequencing approach to the diagnosis of couple infertility. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2021; 47:4-10. [PMID: 33988008 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.21.03477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a disorder of the male and/or female reproductive system, characterized by failure to establish a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. On a world basis, about one in six couplesare affected by infertility during their reproductive lifespan. Despite a comprehensive diagnostic work-up, infertility in about 50% of couples remains idiopathic. In this context, a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach has been suggested to increase diagnostic yield. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a custom-made NGS gene panel for the simultaneous genetic diagnosis of both partners of a large population of infertile couples. METHODS We developed a custom-made NGS panel for 229 genes associated with male and female infertility. The panel targeted exons and their flanking regions and was used to screen 99 couples with idiopathic infertility. RESULTS NGS sequencing revealed five pathogenic variants in six couples and 17 likely pathogenic variants or variants with uncertain significance (VUS). The pathogenic variants were identified in the following genes: GNRHR, CCDC39, DNAH5, and CCDC103; likely pathogenic variants were identified in TAC3, PROKR2, and CFTR; VUS were identified in CATSPER2, FGFR1, LRRC6, DNAH5, DNAH11, TGFBR3, and DNAI1. CONCLUSIONS The panel of genes designed for this study allowed the identification of pathogenetic gene mutations and the presence of VUS in 6.1% and 17.2%, respectively, of couples with idiopathic infertility. This is the first study to successfully apply an NGS-based genetic screening including 229 genes known to play a role in both male and female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelantonio Notarangelo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo D'Agruma
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy.,MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto, Trento, Italy
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16
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Naureen Z, Dautaj A, Anpilogov K, Camilleri G, Dhuli K, Tanzi B, Maltese PE, Cristofoli F, De Antoni L, Beccari T, Dundar M, Bertelli M. Bacteriophages presence in nature and their role in the natural selection of bacterial populations. Acta Biomed 2020; 91:e2020024. [PMID: 33170167 PMCID: PMC8023132 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phages are the obligate parasite of bacteria and have complex interactions with their hosts. Phages can live in, modify, and shape bacterial communities by bringing about changes in their abundance, diversity, physiology, and virulence. In addition, phages mediate lateral gene transfer, modify host metabolism and reallocate bacterially-derived biochemical compounds through cell lysis, thus playing an important role in ecosystem. Phages coexist and coevolve with bacteria and have developed several antidefense mechanisms in response to bacterial defense strategies against them. Phages owe their existence to their bacterial hosts, therefore they bring about alterations in their host genomes by transferring resistance genes and genes encoding toxins in order to improve the fitness of the hosts. Application of phages in biotechnology, environment, agriculture and medicines demands a deep insight into the myriad of phage-bacteria interactions. However, to understand their complex interactions, we need to know how unique phages are to their bacterial hosts and how they exert a selective pressure on the microbial communities in nature. Consequently, the present review focuses on phage biology with respect to natural selection of bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakira Naureen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Munis Dundar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy; MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
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17
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Cristofoli F, Moss T, Moore HW, Devriendt K, Flanagan-Steet H, May M, Jones J, Roelens F, Fons C, Fernandez A, Martorell L, Selicorni A, Maitz S, Vitiello G, Van der Hoeven G, Skinner SA, Bollen M, Vermeesch JR, Steet R, Van Esch H. De Novo Variants in LMNB1 Cause Pronounced Syndromic Microcephaly and Disruption of Nuclear Envelope Integrity. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:753-762. [PMID: 32910914 PMCID: PMC7536573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin B1 plays an important role in the nuclear envelope stability, the regulation of gene expression, and neural development. Duplication of LMNB1, or missense mutations increasing LMNB1 expression, are associated with autosomal-dominant leukodystrophy. On the basis of its role in neurogenesis, it has been postulated that LMNB1 variants could cause microcephaly. Here, we confirm this hypothesis with the identification of de novo mutations in LMNB1 in seven individuals with pronounced primary microcephaly (ranging from -3.6 to -12 SD) associated with relative short stature and variable degree of intellectual disability and neurological features as the core symptoms. Simplified gyral pattern of the cortex and abnormal corpus callosum were noted on MRI of three individuals, and these individuals also presented with a more severe phenotype. Functional analysis of the three missense mutations showed impaired formation of the LMNB1 nuclear lamina. The two variants located within the head group of LMNB1 result in a decrease in the nuclear localization of the protein and an increase in misshapen nuclei. We further demonstrate that another mutation, located in the coil region, leads to increased frequency of condensed nuclei and lower steady-state levels of lamin B1 in proband lymphoblasts. Our findings collectively indicate that de novo mutations in LMNB1 result in a dominant and damaging effect on nuclear envelope formation that correlates with microcephaly in humans. This adds LMNB1 to the growing list of genes implicated in severe autosomal-dominant microcephaly and broadens the phenotypic spectrum of the laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cristofoli
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tonya Moss
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Hannah W Moore
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Koen Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heather Flanagan-Steet
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Melanie May
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Julie Jones
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Filip Roelens
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, AZ Delta, Brugsesteenweg 90, 8800 Roeselare, Belgium
| | - Carmen Fons
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Fernandez
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loreto Martorell
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine IPER, Institut de Recerca, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Pediatric Department, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, Via Ravona 20, 22042 Como, Italy
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Vitiello
- Department of Translational Medicine and Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerd Van der Hoeven
- Laboratory of Biosignalling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven A Skinner
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignalling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Richard Steet
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA.
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for the Genetics of Cognition, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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18
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Cristofoli F, Devriendt K, Davis EE, Van Esch H, Vermeesch JR. Novel CASK mutations in cases with syndromic microcephaly. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:993-1001. [PMID: 29691940 PMCID: PMC5995665 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in CASK cause a wide spectrum of phenotypes in humans ranging from mild X-linked intellectual disability to a severe microcephaly (MC) and pontocerebellar hypoplasia syndrome. Nevertheless, predicting pathogenicity and phenotypic consequences of novel CASK mutations through the exclusive consideration of genetic information and population-based data remains a challenge. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified four novel CASK mutations in individuals with syndromic MC. To understand the functional consequences of the different point mutations on the development of MC and cerebellar defects, we established a transient loss-of-function zebrafish model, and demonstrate recapitulation of relevant neuroanatomical phenotypes. Furthermore, we utilized in vivo complementation studies to demonstrate that the three point mutations confer a loss-of-function effect. This work endorses zebrafish as a tractable model to rapidly assess the effect of novel CASK variants on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cristofoli
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erica E Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Genetics of Cognition, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Liang C, Kerr A, Qiu Y, Cristofoli F, Van Esch H, Fox MA, Mukherjee K. Optic Nerve Hypoplasia Is a Pervasive Subcortical Pathology of Visual System in Neonates. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:5485-5496. [PMID: 29067402 PMCID: PMC5656421 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is the most common cause of childhood congenital blindness in developed nations, yet the fundamental pathobiology of ONH remains unknown. The objective of this study was to employ a ‘face validated' murine model to determine the timing of onset and the pathologic characteristics of ONH. Methods Based on the robust linkage between X-linked CASK haploinsufficiency and clinically diagnosed ONH, we hypothesized that heterozygous deletion of CASK (CASK(+/−)) in rodents will produce an optic nerve pathology closely recapitulating ONH. We quantitatively analyzed the entire subcortical visual system in female CASK(+/−) mice using immunohistochemistry, anterograde axonal tracing, toluidine blue staining, transmission electron microscopy, and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. Results CASK haploinsuffiency in mice phenocopies human ONH with complete penetrance, thus satisfying the ‘face validity'. We demonstrate that the optic nerve in CASK(+/−) mice is not only thin, but is comprised of atrophic retinal axons and displays reactive astrogliosis. Myelination of the optic nerve axons remains unchanged. Moreover, we demonstrate a significant decrease in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) numbers and perturbation in retinothalamic connectivity. Finally, we used this mouse model to define the onset and progression of ONH pathology, demonstrating for the first time that optic nerve defects arise at neonatally in CASK(+/−)mice. Conclusions Optic nerve hypoplasia is a complex neuropathology of the subcortical visual system involving RGC loss, axonopathy, and synaptopathy and originates at a developmental stage in mice that corresponds to the late third trimester development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Developmental and Translational Neurobiology Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Alicia Kerr
- Developmental and Translational Neurobiology Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, United States.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Yangfengzhong Qiu
- Developmental and Translational Neurobiology Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
| | | | - Hilde Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael A Fox
- Developmental and Translational Neurobiology Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Konark Mukherjee
- Developmental and Translational Neurobiology Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
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20
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Cristofoli F, De Keersmaecker B, De Catte L, Vermeesch JR, Van Esch H. Novel STIL Compound Heterozygous Mutations Cause Severe Fetal Microcephaly and Centriolar Lengthening. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:282-293. [PMID: 29230157 DOI: 10.1159/000479666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STIL (SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus) is a core component of the centriole duplication process. STIL mutations have been associated with both autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) and holoprosencephaly. In this report, we describe a family with multiple miscarriages and 2 terminations of pregnancy due to marked fetal microcephaly, delayed cortical gyrification, and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. Whole exome sequencing allowed us to identify novel compound heterozygous mutations in STIL. The mutations lie, respectively, in the CPAP/CENPJ and the hsSAS6 interacting domains of STIL. M-phase synchronized amniocytes from both affected fetuses did not display an aberrant number of centrioles, as shown previously for either STIL-depleted or overexpressing cells. However, we observed an elongation of at least 1 centriole for each duplicated centrosome. These preliminary results may point to a novel mechanism causing MCPH and embryonic lethality in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart De Keersmaecker
- Laboratories for Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc De Catte
- Laboratories for Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Laboratories for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratories for Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Laboratories for Genetics of Cognition, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratories for Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Menke LA, van Belzen MJ, Alders M, Cristofoli F, Ehmke N, Fergelot P, Foster A, Gerkes EH, Hoffer MJV, Horn D, Kant SG, Lacombe D, Leon E, Maas SM, Melis D, Muto V, Park SM, Peeters H, Peters DJM, Pfundt R, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Tartaglia M, Hennekam RCM. CREBBP mutations in individuals without Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2681-93. [PMID: 27311832 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in CREBBP cause Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. By using exome sequencing, and by using Sanger in one patient, CREBBP mutations were detected in 11 patients who did not, or only in a very limited manner, resemble Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. The combined facial signs typical for Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome were absent, none had broad thumbs, and three had only somewhat broad halluces. All had apparent developmental delay (being the reason for molecular analysis); five had short stature and seven had microcephaly. The facial characteristics were variable; main characteristics were short palpebral fissures, telecanthi, depressed nasal ridge, short nose, anteverted nares, short columella, and long philtrum. Six patients had autistic behavior, and two had self-injurious behavior. Other symptoms were recurrent upper airway infections (n = 5), feeding problems (n = 7) and impaired hearing (n = 7). Major malformations occurred infrequently. All patients had a de novo missense mutation in the last part of exon 30 or beginning of exon 31 of CREBBP, between base pairs 5,128 and 5,614 (codons 1,710 and 1,872). No missense or truncating mutations in this region have been described to be associated with the classical Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome phenotype. No functional studies have (yet) been performed, but we hypothesize that the mutations disturb protein-protein interactions by altering zinc finger function. We conclude that patients with missense mutations in this specific CREBBP region show a phenotype that differs substantially from that in patients with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, and may prove to constitute one (or more) separate entities. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie A Menke
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J van Belzen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Cristofoli
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Nadja Ehmke
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Fergelot
- Department of Genetics, and INSERM U1211, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alison Foster
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Clinical Genetics Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Erica H Gerkes
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte J V Hoffer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Horn
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarina G Kant
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Department of Genetics, and INSERM U1211, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eyby Leon
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Muto
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Soo-Mi Park
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hilde Peeters
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorien J M Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Raoul C M Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Hestand MS, Van Houdt J, Cristofoli F, Vermeesch JR. Polymerase specific error rates and profiles identified by single molecule sequencing. Mutat Res 2016; 784-785:39-45. [PMID: 26829216 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA polymerases have an innate error rate which is polymerase and DNA context specific. Historically the mutational rate and profiles have been measured using a variety of methods, each with their own technical limitations. Here we used the unique properties of single molecule sequencing to evaluate the mutational rate and profiles of six DNA polymerases at the sequence level. In addition to accurately determining mutations in double strands, single molecule sequencing also captures direction specific transversions and transitions through the analysis of heteroduplexes. Not only did the error rates vary, but also the direction specific transitions differed among polymerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Hestand
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, O&N I Herestraat 49-box 602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Houdt
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, O&N I Herestraat 49-box 602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Cristofoli
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, O&N I Herestraat 49-box 602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, O&N I Herestraat 49-box 602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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van Bon BW, Coe BP, Bernier R, Green C, Gerdts J, Witherspoon K, Kleefstra T, Willemsen MH, Kumar R, Bosco P, Fichera M, Li D, Amaral D, Cristofoli F, Peeters H, Haan E, Romano C, Mefford HC, Scheffer I, Gecz J, de Vries BB, Eichler EE. Disruptive de novo mutations of DYRK1A lead to a syndromic form of autism and ID. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:126-32. [PMID: 25707398 PMCID: PMC4547916 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A) maps to the Down syndrome critical region; copy number increase of this gene is thought to have a major role in the neurocognitive deficits associated with Trisomy 21. Truncation of DYRK1A in patients with developmental delay (DD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests a different pathology associated with loss-of-function mutations. To understand the phenotypic spectrum associated with DYRK1A mutations, we resequenced the gene in 7162 ASD/DD patients (2446 previously reported) and 2169 unaffected siblings and performed a detailed phenotypic assessment on nine patients. Comparison of our data and published cases with 8696 controls identified a significant enrichment of DYRK1A truncating mutations (P=0.00851) and an excess of de novo mutations (P=2.53 × 10(-10)) among ASD/intellectual disability (ID) patients. Phenotypic comparison of all novel (n=5) and recontacted (n=3) cases with previous case reports, including larger CNV and translocation events (n=7), identified a syndromal disorder among the 15 patients. It was characterized by ID, ASD, microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, febrile seizures in infancy, impaired speech, stereotypic behavior, hypertonia and a specific facial gestalt. We conclude that mutations in DYRK1A define a syndromic form of ASD and ID with neurodevelopmental defects consistent with murine and Drosophila knockout models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje W.M. van Bon
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bradley P. Coe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Raphael Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cherie Green
- Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Jennifer Gerdts
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kali Witherspoon
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein H. Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Raman Kumar
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paolo Bosco
- I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina 94018, Italy
| | - Marco Fichera
- I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina 94018, Italy
- Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Deana Li
- Representing the Autism Phenome Project, MIND Institute, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - David Amaral
- Representing the Autism Phenome Project, MIND Institute, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Francesca Cristofoli
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Hilde Peeters
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Eric Haan
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Corrado Romano
- I.R.C.C.S. Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina 94018, Italy
| | - Heather C. Mefford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ingrid Scheffer
- Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Bert B.A. de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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24
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Poelmans S, Kawamoto T, Cristofoli F, Politis C, Vermeesch J, Bailleul-Forestier I, Hens G, Devriendt K, Verdonck A, Carels C. Genotypic and phenotypic variation in six patients with solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2451-8. [PMID: 26080100 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Solitary Median Maxillary Central Incisor occurs in 1 of 50,000 live births. It is the mildest manifestation of the holoprosencephaly spectrum and is genetically heterogeneous. Here we report six patients with solitary median maxillary central incisor, and a range of other phenotypic anomalies with different degrees of severity, varying from mild signs of holoprosencephaly to associated intellectual disability, and with different genetic background. Using array comparative genomic hybridization, pathogenic copy number variants were found in three of the six patients. Two patients had a deletion at the 18p11 chromosomal region that includes TGIF1 while the other patient had a deletion at 7q36, including the SHH gene. In one patient, a mutation in SIX3 was detected with exome sequencing, while in the two remaining patients all known holoprosencephaly genes were excluded using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and sequencing, and remain unsolved. One of the two latter patients had isolated solitary median maxillary central incisor without other visible dentofacial anomalies, while the other had clinical features not part of the known holoprosencephaly spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Poelmans
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatsuro Kawamoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francesca Cristofoli
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Constantinus Politis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Vermeesch
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Bailleul-Forestier
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Paul Sabatier University, Hôpitaux de Toulouse, France
| | - Greet Hens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Verdonck
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine Carels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Schlögel MJ, Mendola A, Fastré E, Vasudevan P, Devriendt K, de Ravel TJL, Van Esch H, Casteels I, Arroyo Carrera I, Cristofoli F, Fieggen K, Jones K, Lipson M, Balikova I, Singer A, Soller M, Mercedes Villanueva M, Revencu N, Boon LM, Brouillard P, Vikkula M. No evidence of locus heterogeneity in familial microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or mental retardation syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:52. [PMID: 25934493 PMCID: PMC4464120 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or mental retardation syndrome (MCLMR) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with variable expressivity. It is characterized by mild-to-severe microcephaly, often associated with intellectual disability, ocular defects and lymphedema. It can be sporadic or inherited. Eighty-seven patients have been described to carry a mutation in KIF11, which encodes a homotetrameric motor kinesin, EG5. METHODS We tested 23 unreported MCLMR index patients for KIF11. We also reviewed the clinical phenotypes of all our patients as well as of those described in previously published studies. RESULTS We identified 14 mutations, 12 of which are novel. We detected mutations in 12 affected individuals, from 6 out of 6 familial cases, and in 8 out of 17 sporadic patients. Phenotypic evaluation of patients (our 26 + 61 earlier published = 87) revealed microcephaly in 91%, eye anomalies in 72%, intellectual disability in 67% and lymphedema in 47% of the patients. Unaffected carriers were rare (4 out of 87: 5%). Family history is not a requisite for diagnosis; 31% (16 out of 52) were de novo cases. CONCLUSIONS All inherited cases, and 50% of sporadic cases of MCLMR are due to germline KIF11 mutations. It is possible that mosaic KIF11 mutations cause the remainder of sporadic cases, which the methods employed here were not designed to detect. On the other hand, some of them might have another mimicking disorder and genetic defect, as microcephaly is highly heterogeneous. In aggregate, KIF11 mutations likely cause the majority, if not all, of MCLMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu J Schlögel
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, bte B1.74.06, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Antonella Mendola
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, bte B1.74.06, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Elodie Fastré
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, bte B1.74.06, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pradeep Vasudevan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK.
| | - Koen Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thomy J L de Ravel
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ingele Casteels
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Rafael University Hospitals, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Francesca Cristofoli
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Karen Fieggen
- Division of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, 7700, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Katheryn Jones
- Medical Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, CA, 95815, USA.
| | - Mark Lipson
- Medical Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, CA, 95815, USA.
| | - Irina Balikova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital (HUDERF), 1020, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ami Singer
- Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Barzilai Medical Center, 78306, Ashkelon, Israel.
| | - Maria Soller
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - María Mercedes Villanueva
- General Hospital of Florencio Varela, Children's Hospital Dr. Pedro Elizalde and Foundation for Neurological Diseases of Childhood (FLENI), C1270AAN, Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina.
| | - Nicole Revencu
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, bte B1.74.06, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium. .,Center for Human Genetics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Laurence M Boon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, bte B1.74.06, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium. .,Center for Vascular Anomalies, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Brouillard
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, bte B1.74.06, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, bte B1.74.06, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium. .,Center for Vascular Anomalies, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium. .,Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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26
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Mari F, Marozza A, Mencarelli MA, Lo Rizzo C, Fallerini C, Dosa L, Di Marco C, Carignani G, Baldassarri M, Cianci P, Vivarelli R, Vascotto M, Grosso S, Rubegni P, Caffarelli C, Pretegiani E, Fimiani M, Garavelli L, Cristofoli F, Vermeesch JR, Nuti R, Dotti MT, Balestri P, Hayek J, Selicorni A, Renieri A. Coffin-Siris and Nicolaides-Baraitser syndromes are a common well recognizable cause of intellectual disability. Brain Dev 2015; 37:527-36. [PMID: 25249037 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicolaides-Baraitser and Coffin-Siris syndromes are emerging conditions with overlapping clinical features including intellectual disability and typical somatic characteristics, especially sparse hair, low frontal hairline, large mouth with thick and everted lips, and hands and feet anomalies. Since 2012, mutations in genes encoding six proteins of the BAF complex were identified in both conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS We have clinically evaluated a cohort of 1161 patients with intellectual disability from three different Italian centers. A strong clinical suspicion of either Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome or Coffin-Siris syndrome was proposed in 11 cases who were then molecularly confirmed: 8 having de novo missense mutations in SMARCA2, two frame-shift mutations in ARID1B and one missense mutation in SMARCB1. Given the high frequency of the condition we set up a one-step deep sequencing test for all 6 genes of the BAF complex. CONCLUSIONS These results prove that the frequency of these conditions may be as high as the most common syndromes with intellectual deficit (about 1%). Clinical geneticists should be well aware of this group of disorders in the clinical setting when ascertaining patients with intellectual deficit, the specific facial features being the major diagnostic handle. Finally, this work adds information on the clinical differences of the two conditions and presents a fast and sensitive test for the molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mari
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
| | - Annabella Marozza
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Mencarelli
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Lo Rizzo
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Laura Dosa
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Marco
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Carignani
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Cianci
- Pediatric Department at Monza Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM) Foundation, Pediatric Genetic Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Pietro Rubegni
- Dept of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, Dermatology Section, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Caffarelli
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Science and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Pretegiani
- Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Fimiani
- Dept of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, Dermatology Section, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Obstetric and Paediatric Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Arcispedale S Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Cristofoli
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ranuccio Nuti
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Science and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Dotti
- Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Joussef Hayek
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, University Hospital, AOUS, Siena, Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Pediatric Department at Monza Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM) Foundation, Pediatric Genetic Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
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27
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Wieczorek D, Bögershausen N, Beleggia F, Steiner-Haldenstätt S, Pohl E, Li Y, Milz E, Martin M, Thiele H, Altmüller J, Alanay Y, Kayserili H, Klein-Hitpass L, Böhringer S, Wollstein A, Albrecht B, Boduroglu K, Caliebe A, Chrzanowska K, Cogulu O, Cristofoli F, Czeschik JC, Devriendt K, Dotti MT, Elcioglu N, Gener B, Goecke TO, Krajewska-Walasek M, Guillén-Navarro E, Hayek J, Houge G, Kilic E, Simsek-Kiper PÖ, López-González V, Kuechler A, Lyonnet S, Mari F, Marozza A, Mathieu Dramard M, Mikat B, Morin G, Morice-Picard F, Ozkinay F, Rauch A, Renieri A, Tinschert S, Utine GE, Vilain C, Vivarelli R, Zweier C, Nürnberg P, Rahmann S, Vermeesch J, Lüdecke HJ, Zeschnigk M, Wollnik B. A comprehensive molecular study on Coffin-Siris and Nicolaides-Baraitser syndromes identifies a broad molecular and clinical spectrum converging on altered chromatin remodeling. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:5121-35. [PMID: 23906836 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling complexes are known to modify chemical marks on histones or to induce conformational changes in the chromatin in order to regulate transcription. De novo dominant mutations in different members of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex have recently been described in individuals with Coffin-Siris (CSS) and Nicolaides-Baraitser (NCBRS) syndromes. Using a combination of whole-exome sequencing, NGS-based sequencing of 23 SWI/SNF complex genes, and molecular karyotyping in 46 previously undescribed individuals with CSS and NCBRS, we identified a de novo 1-bp deletion (c.677delG, p.Gly226Glufs*53) and a de novo missense mutation (c.914G>T, p.Cys305Phe) in PHF6 in two individuals diagnosed with CSS. PHF6 interacts with the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation (NuRD) complex implicating dysfunction of a second chromatin remodeling complex in the pathogenesis of CSS-like phenotypes. Altogether, we identified mutations in 60% of the studied individuals (28/46), located in the genes ARID1A, ARID1B, SMARCB1, SMARCE1, SMARCA2, and PHF6. We show that mutations in ARID1B are the main cause of CSS, accounting for 76% of identified mutations. ARID1B and SMARCB1 mutations were also found in individuals with the initial diagnosis of NCBRS. These individuals apparently belong to a small subset who display an intermediate CSS/NCBRS phenotype. Our proposed genotype-phenotype correlations are important for molecular screening strategies.
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