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Siebert FW, Brambati F, Silva AL, Randrianarisoa J, Perego P. Gender disparities in observed motorcycle helmet use in Madagascar: female motorcyclists behave safer but have lower overall protection. Inj Prev 2024:ip-2023-044995. [PMID: 38307713 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although motorcycle helmets can save lives in case of a crash, no helmet use data are available for many countries. When data is available, it is often only analysed as a global average, preventing targeted road safety education and legislative action. In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis of motorcycle helmet use in the capital of Madagascar. METHODS Using a cross-sectional observational field survey framework, we observed 17 230 individual motorcycles. We systematically recorded motorcycle riders' helmet use, position on the motorcycle, rider numbers and gender. RESULTS We found a general helmet use of 76.1%. Observed drivers had a significantly higher helmet use (84.6%) than passengers (47.7%), and subsequently helmet use per motorcycle decreased significantly when the number of riders per motorcycle increased. Female drivers had significantly higher helmet use than male drivers, and female passengers had significantly higher helmet use than male passengers. That is, on the same position of the motorcycle, female riders behaved safer than male riders. However, since female riders were more often passengers than drivers, their average helmet use was lower than that of male riders overall. Contrary to findings from other countries, motorcycle helmet use did not differ significantly throughout the day but was relatively constant. CONCLUSION Our results show the potential for injury and fatality prevention in Madagascar through increased passenger helmet use. This increase would also proportionally benefit female riders more than male riders. Findings regarding road safety legislation's applied impact, education, enforcement and future research needs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wilhelm Siebert
- Department of Technology, Management, and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Ana Luísa Silva
- Centre for African and Development Studies (CEsA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- ONG Lalana, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Paolo Perego
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
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TaheriNejad N, Perego P, Rahmani AM. Mobile Health Technology: From Daily Care and Pandemics to their Energy Consumption and Environmental Impact. Mobile Netw Appl 2022. [PMCID: PMC9064722 DOI: 10.1007/s11036-022-01959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mobile health technology is a rapidly growing field with numerous promises to make substantial impact in our lives. To open this special issue, which brings to you many exciting research results in mobile health technology, we discuss two important aspects of this technology. One is how they can be integrated in our daily lives as important care devices, especially during periods such as the more and more frequent pandemics around the world. Having discussed their advantages, we calculate their estimated footprint in the energy consumption and dioxide carbon they produce globally. With that we raise awareness and invite researchers to work on reducing their energy consumption to ensure that they maintain a low footprint even if their numbers explodes in the near future. We finish this article with a brief teaser of the papers published in this special issue and wish you a good read.
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Perego P, Rashid R, Gluud C, Jakobsen JC, Andreoni G, Lissau I. Comparison of different mobile health applications for intervention in children and adolescent with overweight: a protocol for systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032570. [PMID: 33293302 PMCID: PMC7722812 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight in children is increasing worldwide. Innovative smartphone health applications (mHealth apps) have either sought to deliver single or multi-component interventions for the management of overweight in children. However, the clinical effects of these apps are poorly explored. The objective of the review will be to compare the benefits and harms of different categories of mHealth apps for intervention of overweight in children. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will include randomised clinical trials irrespective of publication type, year, status or language. Children and adolescents between 0 to 18 years will be referred to as children in the remaining part of the paper. Children with all degrees of overweight included obesity and morbidly obese in the remaining part of the paper will be referred to as overweight. We plan to classify different apps according to type of intervention, measurement device, coaching and reward system. The following databases will be used: Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica database (Embase), PsycINFO, PubMed, IEEE Explore and Web of Science, CINAHL and LILACS. Primary outcomes will be body mass index z-score, quality of life and serious adverse event. Secondary outcomes will be body weight, self-efficacy, anxiety, depression and adverse event not considered serious. Study inclusion, data extraction and bias risk assessment will be conducted independently by at least two authors. We will assess the risk of bias through eight domains and control risks of random errors with Trial Sequential Analysis. The quality of the evidence will be assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Tool (GRADE). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As the protocol is for a systematic reviews, we have not included any patient data and we do not require ethical approval. This review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019120266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Perego
- Design Department, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Rajeeb Rashid
- Department of Child Life and Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christian Gluud
- The Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janus C Jakobsen
- The Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Holbaek Sygehus, Holbaek, Sjaelland, Denmark
| | | | - Inge Lissau
- Clinical Research Centre, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Rashid R, Perego P, Condon L, Jakobsen JC, Lindschou J, Gluud C, Andreoni G, Lissau I. Health apps targeting children with overweight-a protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of randomised clinical trials. Syst Rev 2020; 9:28. [PMID: 32046781 PMCID: PMC7014738 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-1269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight is increasing worldwide in children. Multi-component interventions incorporating diet, physical activity, and behavioural change have been shown to reduce body mass index (BMI). Whilst many children have their own smartphone, the clinical effects of using smartphone applications (apps) for overweight are unknown. This systematic review aims to ascertain the effects of mHealth apps in children with overweight. METHODS We will include randomised clinical trials irrespective of publication type, year, status, or language. Children between 0 and 18 years with overweight will be included. We will compare apps targeting overweight versus sham app, no app, or usual intervention. No distinction about operative system will be considered (i.e. Android, iOS, and Window Mobile will be included). The following databases will be searched: The Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica database (Embase), PsycINFO, PubMed, IEEE Explore, Web of Science, CINAHL, and LILACS. Primary outcomes will be body weight, quality of life, and serious adverse event. Secondary outcomes will be self-efficacy, anxiety, depression, and adverse event not considered serious. Trial inclusion, data extraction, and bias risk assessment will be conducted independently by at least two authors. We will assess risk of bias through eight domains and control risks of random errors with Trial Sequential Analysis. The quality of the evidence will be assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Tool (GRADE). DISCUSSION We will provide evidence of the beneficial and harmful effects of smartphone apps for children with overweight and highlight any gaps in the evidence in order to shape future potential interventions. By only including randomised clinical trials, we know that we bias our review towards benefits. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019120210.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeeb Rashid
- Paediatric Unit, Department of Child Health, University of Edinburgh, St John’s Hospital, Livingston, EH54 6PP UK
| | - Paolo Perego
- Department of Design, Politecnico di Milano, via Durando 38/a, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Condon
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Janus Christian Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Jane Lindschou
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Andreoni
- Department of Design, Politecnico di Milano, via Durando 38/a, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Inge Lissau
- Clinical Research Centre, University Hospital Copenhagen, Kettegard Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
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Molinaro N, Massaroni C, Lo Presti D, Saccomandi P, Di Tomaso G, Zollo L, Perego P, Andreoni G, Schena E. Wearable textile based on silver plated knitted sensor for respiratory rate monitoring. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2019; 2018:2865-2868. [PMID: 30440999 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wearable systems are gaining broad acceptance for monitoring physiological parameters in several medical applications. Among a number of approaches, smart textiles have attracted interest because they are comfortable and do not impair patients' movements. In this article, we aim at developing a smart textile for respiratory monitoring based on a piezoresistive sensing element. Firstly, the calibration curve of the system and its hysteresis have been investigated. Then, the proposed system has been assessed on 6 healthy subjects. The volunteers were invited to wear the system to monitor their breathing rate. The results of the calibration show a good mean sensitivity (i.e., approximately 0.11V·%-1); although the hysteresis is not negligible, the system can follow the cycles also at high rates (up to 36 cycle·min-1). The feasibility assessment on 6 volunteers (two trials for each one) shows that the proposed system can estimate with good accuracy the breathing rate. Indeed, the results obtained by the proposed system were compared with the ones collected with a spirometer, used as reference. Considering all the experiments, a mean percentage error was approximately 2%. In conclusion, the proposed system has several valuable features (e.g., the sensing element is lightweight, the sensitivity is high, and it is possible to develop comfortable smart textile); in addition, the promising performances considering both metrological properties and assessment on volunteers foster future tests focused on: i) the possibility of developing and system embedding several sensing elements, and ii) to develop a wireless acquisition system, to allow comfortable and long-term acquisition in both patients and during sport activities.
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Siebert FW, Albers D, Naing UA, Perego P, Santikarn C. Patterns of motorcycle helmet use - A naturalistic observation study in Myanmar. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 124:146-150. [PMID: 30639687 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing countries are subject to increased motorization, particularly in the number of motorcycles. As helmet use is critical to the safety of motorcycle riders, the goal of this study was to identify observable patterns of helmet use, which allow a more accurate assessment of helmet use in developing countries. In a video based observation study, 124,784 motorcycle riders were observed at seven observation sites throughout Myanmar. Recorded videos were coded for helmet use, number of riders on the motorcycle, rider position, gender, and time of day. Generally, motorcycle helmet use in Myanmar was found to be low with only 51.5% percent of riders wearing a helmet. Helmet use was highest for drivers (68.1%) and decreased for every additional passenger. It was lowest for children standing on the floorboard of the motorcycle (11.3%). During the day, helmet use followed a unimodal distribution, with the highest use observed during the late morning and lowest use observed in the early morning and late afternoon. Helmet use varied significantly between observation sites, ranging from 74.8% in Mandalay to 26.9% in Pakokku. In Mandalay, female riders had a higher helmet use than male riders, and helmet use decreased drastically on a national holiday in the city. Helmet use of motorcycle riders in Myanmar follows distinct patterns. Knowledge of these patterns can be used to design more precise helmet use evaluations and guide traffic law policy and police enforcement measures. Video based observation proved to be an efficient tool to collect helmet use data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wilhelm Siebert
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Marchstraße 12, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Deike Albers
- Technical University of Munich, Arcisstraße 21, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - U Aung Naing
- Myanmar Organization for Road Safety, People's Park, U Wisara Road, Yangon, Myanmar.
| | - Paolo Perego
- Catholic University of Milan, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, 20123 Milan, Italy.
| | - Chamaiparn Santikarn
- World Health Organization, No. 403, Shwe Taung Kyar Street, 11201 Yangon, Myanmar.
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Trucillo P, Campardelli R, Aliakbarian B, Perego P, Reverchon E. Supercritical assisted process for the encapsulation of olive pomace extract into liposomes. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Primary angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare tumor, with approximately 170 cases reported in the literature (1-3, 10, 11, 15). Reports on the imaging characteristics of these tumors have been occasional until a recent review by Liberman et al. (11). Diagnostic imaging of the masses include mammographic and ultrasound examinations (5): the imaging characteristics of the tumor can be nonspecific and sometimes heterogeneous (11). Only recently was one case evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (11). We present the mammographic and sonographic features of a case of primary angiosarcoma of the breast with an inflammatory appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Zincone
- Department of Radiodiagnostica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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9
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Arosio D, Manzoni L, Corno C, Perego P. Integrin-Targeted Peptide- and Peptidomimetic-Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Tumors. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2017; 12:148-168. [DOI: 10.2174/1574892812666170203151930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Arosio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L. Manzoni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C. Corno
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - P. Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Guarneri MR, Perego P. Games and Gamification for Healthy Behaviours: The Experience of PEGASO Fit 4 Future. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-49655-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Corno C, Gatti L, Carenini N, Zaffaroni N, Lanzi C, Perego P. Targeting ErbB3 activation in drug-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells over-expressing the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Standoli CE, Guarneri MR, Perego P, Mazzola M, Mazzola A, Andreoni G. A Smart Wearable Sensor System for Counter-Fighting Overweight in Teenagers. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:s16081220. [PMID: 27517929 PMCID: PMC5017385 DOI: 10.3390/s16081220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PEGASO is a FP7-funded project whose goal is to develop an ICT and mobile-based platform together with an appropriate strategy to tackle the diffusion of obesity and other lifestyle-related illnesses among teenagers. Indeed, the design of an engaging strategy, leveraging a complementary set of technologies, is the approach proposed by the project to promote the adoption of healthy habits such as active lifestyle and balanced nutrition and to effectively counter-fight the emergence of overweight and obesity in the younger population. A technological key element of such a strategy sees the adoption of wearable sensors to monitor teenagers’ activities, which is at the basis of developing awareness about the current lifestyle. This paper describes the experience carried out in the framework of the PEGASO project in developing and evaluating wearable monitoring systems addressed to adolescents. The paper describes the methodological approach based on the co-designing of such a wearable system and the main results that, in the first phase, involved a total of 407 adolescents across Europe in a series of focus groups conducted in three countries for the requirements definition phase. Moreover, it describes an evaluation process of signal reliability during the usage of the wearable system. The main results described here are: (a) a prototype of the standardized experimental protocol that has been developed and applied to test signal reliability in smart garments; (b) the requirements definition methodology through a co-design activity and approach to address user requirements and preferences and not only technological specifications. Such co-design approach is able to support a higher system acceptance and usability together with a sustained adoption of the solution with respect to the traditional technology push system development strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Emilio Standoli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Design, via Giovanni Durando, 38/A, 20158 Milano, Italy.
| | - Maria Renata Guarneri
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Design, via Giovanni Durando, 38/A, 20158 Milano, Italy.
| | - Paolo Perego
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Design, via Giovanni Durando, 38/A, 20158 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Mazzola
- Neosperience S.p.a, Corso Indipendenza 5, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Mazzola
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Design, via Giovanni Durando, 38/A, 20158 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Andreoni
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Design, via Giovanni Durando, 38/A, 20158 Milano, Italy.
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Andreoni G, Standoli CE, Perego P. Defining Requirements and Related Methods for Designing Sensorized Garments. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:E769. [PMID: 27240361 PMCID: PMC4934195 DOI: 10.3390/s16060769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Designing smart garments has strong interdisciplinary implications, specifically related to user and technical requirements, but also because of the very different applications they have: medicine, sport and fitness, lifestyle monitoring, workplace and job conditions analysis, etc. This paper aims to discuss some user, textile, and technical issues to be faced in sensorized clothes development. In relation to the user, the main requirements are anthropometric, gender-related, and aesthetical. In terms of these requirements, the user's age, the target application, and fashion trends cannot be ignored, because they determine the compliance with the wearable system. Regarding textile requirements, functional factors-also influencing user comfort-are elasticity and washability, while more technical properties are the stability of the chemical agents' effects for preserving the sensors' efficacy and reliability, and assuring the proper duration of the product for the complete life cycle. From the technical side, the physiological issues are the most important: skin conductance, tolerance, irritation, and the effect of sweat and perspiration are key factors for reliable sensing. Other technical features such as battery size and duration, and the form factor of the sensor collector, should be considered, as they affect aesthetical requirements, which have proven to be crucial, as well as comfort and wearability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Andreoni
- Design Department, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Durando 38/A, 20158 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Paolo Perego
- Design Department, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Durando 38/A, 20158 Milan, Italy.
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Bianchi A, Arosio D, Perego P, De Cesare M, Carenini N, Zaffaroni N, De Matteo M, Manzoni L. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel dimeric and tetrameric cRGD-paclitaxel conjugates for integrin-assisted drug delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:7530-41. [PMID: 26074454 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00497g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are associated with tumour cell survival and progression, and their expression has been shown to be increased in tumours. Thus, four novel conjugates of the tripeptide integrin ligand Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and the cytotoxic agent paclitaxel (cRGD-PTX) were prepared to investigate the potential of the multivalent presentation of the RGD moiety in improving the antitumor efficacy of PTX by tumour targeting. PTX was conjugated to two or four integrin recognizing ligands. The influence of multivalent presentation on in vitro αvβ3-receptor affinity was confirmed. For all the conjugates compared to the previously synthesized monovalent counterparts, an enhancement of the binding strength was observed; this behaviour was more pronounced when considering the tetravalent presented RGD-conjugate. Cell growth inhibition assays on a panel of human tumour cell lines showed remarkable cytotoxic activity for all conjugates with IC50 values in a nanomolar range. Among the four conjugates, the bivalent derivative 3b was selected for in vivo studies in an ovarian carcinoma cell model xenografted in immunodeficient mice. A marked antitumor activity was observed, similar to that of PTX, but with a much more favourable toxicity profile. Overall, the novel cRGD-PTX conjugates disclosed here represent promising candidates for further advancement in the domain of targeted anti-tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bianchi
- Centro Interdipartimentale Studi Biomolecolari e Applicazioni Industriali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fantoli 16/15, I-20138 Milano, Italy
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15
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Cantiani C, Lorusso ML, Perego P, Molteni M, Guasti MT. Developmental Dyslexia With and Without Language Impairment: ERPs Reveal Qualitative Differences in Morphosyntactic Processing. Dev Neuropsychol 2015; 40:291-312. [DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2015.1072536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Beltrame L, Di Marino M, Fruscio R, Calura E, Chapman B, Clivio L, Sina F, Mele C, Iatropoulos P, Grassi T, Fotia V, Romualdi C, Martini P, Noris M, Paracchini L, Craparotta I, Petrillo M, Milani R, Perego P, Ravaggi A, Zambelli A, Ronchetti E, D'Incalci M, Marchini S. Profiling cancer gene mutations in longitudinal epithelial ovarian cancer biopsies by targeted next-generation sequencing: a retrospective study. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1363-71. [PMID: 25846551 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of patients with stage III-IV epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) relapse after initially responding to platinum-based chemotherapy, and develop resistance. The genomic features involved in drug resistance are unknown. To unravel some of these features, we investigated the mutational profile of genes involved in pathways related to drug sensitivity in a cohort of matched tumors obtained at first surgery (Ft-S) and second surgery (Sd-S). PATIENTS AND METHODS Matched biopsies (33) taken at Ft-S and Sd-S were selected from the 'Pandora' tumor tissue collection. DNA libraries for 65 genes were generated using the TruSeq Custom Amplicon kit and sequenced on MiSeq (Illumina). Data were analyzed using a high-performance cluster computing platform (Cloud4CARE project) and independently validated. RESULTS A total of 2270 somatic mutations were identified (89.85% base substitutions 8.19% indels, and 1.92% unknown). Homologous recombination (HR) genes and TP53 were mutated in the majority of Ft-S, while ATM, ATR, TOP2A and TOP2B were mutated in the entire dataset. Only 2% of mutations were conserved between matched Ft-S and Sd-S. Mutations detected at second surgery clustered patients in two groups characterized by different mutational profiles in genes associated with HR, PI3K, miRNA biogenesis and signal transduction. CONCLUSIONS There was a low level of concordance between Ft-S and Sd-S in terms of mutations in genes involved in key processes of tumor growth and drug resistance. This result suggests the importance of future longitudinal analyses to improve the clinical management of relapsed EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beltrame
- Department of Oncology, Centro di Ricerche Cliniche per le Malattie Rare 'ALDO e CELE DACCO'', IRCCS 'Mario Negri' Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano
| | - M Di Marino
- Department of Oncology, Centro di Ricerche Cliniche per le Malattie Rare 'ALDO e CELE DACCO'', IRCCS 'Mario Negri' Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano
| | - R Fruscio
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza
| | - E Calura
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - B Chapman
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - L Clivio
- Department of Oncology, Centro di Ricerche Cliniche per le Malattie Rare 'ALDO e CELE DACCO'', IRCCS 'Mario Negri' Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano
| | - F Sina
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza
| | - C Mele
- Department of Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Immunology and Genetic of Rare Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Centro di Ricerche Cliniche per le Malattie Rare 'ALDO e CELE DACCO'', IRCCS 'Mario Negri' Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano
| | - P Iatropoulos
- Department of Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Immunology and Genetic of Rare Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Centro di Ricerche Cliniche per le Malattie Rare 'ALDO e CELE DACCO'', IRCCS 'Mario Negri' Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano
| | - T Grassi
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza
| | - V Fotia
- PhD Program in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia
| | - C Romualdi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - P Martini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Noris
- Department of Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Immunology and Genetic of Rare Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Centro di Ricerche Cliniche per le Malattie Rare 'ALDO e CELE DACCO'', IRCCS 'Mario Negri' Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano
| | - L Paracchini
- Department of Oncology, Centro di Ricerche Cliniche per le Malattie Rare 'ALDO e CELE DACCO'', IRCCS 'Mario Negri' Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano
| | - I Craparotta
- Department of Oncology, Centro di Ricerche Cliniche per le Malattie Rare 'ALDO e CELE DACCO'', IRCCS 'Mario Negri' Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano
| | - M Petrillo
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome
| | - R Milani
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza
| | - P Perego
- Department of Pathology, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza
| | - A Ravaggi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 'Angelo Nocivelli' Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia
| | - A Zambelli
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo
| | - E Ronchetti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Pharmacogenomics, IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - M D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, Centro di Ricerche Cliniche per le Malattie Rare 'ALDO e CELE DACCO'', IRCCS 'Mario Negri' Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano
| | - S Marchini
- Department of Oncology, Centro di Ricerche Cliniche per le Malattie Rare 'ALDO e CELE DACCO'', IRCCS 'Mario Negri' Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano
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Perego P, Turconi A, Andreoni G, Gagliardi C. Cognitive ability assessment by brain-computer interface II: application of a BCI-based assessment method for cognitive abilities. Brain-Computer Interfaces 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/2326263x.2014.979727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Ricci F, Guffanti F, Fratelli M, Perego P, Fruscio R, Baldo R, Magni S, Broggini M, Damia G. 601: Cisplatin response in a panel of patient-derived ovarian carcinoma xenografts: roles of epithelial mesenchymal transition and DNA repair. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Seravalle G, Colombo M, Perego P, Giardini V, Volpe M, Dell'Oro R, Mancia G, Grassi G. Long-term sympathoinhibitory effects of surgically induced weight loss in severe obese patients. Hypertension 2014; 64:431-7. [PMID: 24866140 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Weight loss improves insulin sensitivity and exerts sympathomodulatory effects. No data, however, are available on the effects of the weight loss induced by vertical sleeve gastrectomy on sympathetic neural drive, insulin sensitivity, and their reciprocal cross talks. In 10 severe obese hypertensives (age, 54.0±2.3 years [mean±SEM]), we measured sphygmomanometric blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index, homeostatic model assessment index, plasma leptin, muscle sympathetic nerve traffic (microneurography), and baroreflex sensitivity (vasoactive drug technique). Measurements were performed 2 to 3 days before surgery and repeated 6 and 12 months after the procedure. Ten matched hypertensive obeses not undergoing gastrectomy served as controls. Six months after bariatric surgery, a significant (P<0.05) reduction in body mass index (-9.1±1.4 kg/m(2)), sphygmomanometric systolic blood pressure (-10.2±4.5 mm Hg), heart rate (-11.0±2.4 bpm), homeostatic model assessment index (-3-3±1.3 AU), plasma leptin (-53.6±8.8 μg/L), and muscle sympathetic nerve traffic (-15.0±3.4 bursts/100 heart beats) was observed. The weight loss, the plasma leptin reduction, and the sympathetic inhibition were maintained after 12 months, whereas homeostatic model assessment index showed a tendency to return toward presurgery values. A significant improvement in baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve traffic was observed both 6 (+32.1%; P<0.05) and 12 months (+60.7%; P<0.01) after gastrectomy. No significant changes in the above-mentioned variables were detected in the control group. These data provide evidence that massive weight loss induced by sleeve gastrectomy triggers profound sympathoinhibitory effects, associated with a stable and significant reduction in plasma leptin levels, whereas the improvement in insulin sensitivity was attenuated with time and unrelated to the sympathoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Seravalle
- From the Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.S., G.M.); Clinica Medica, Department of Health Science (M.C., M.V., R.D., G.G.) and Chirurgia II (P.P., V.G.), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Milan, Italy (G.M., G.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Manuela Colombo
- From the Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.S., G.M.); Clinica Medica, Department of Health Science (M.C., M.V., R.D., G.G.) and Chirurgia II (P.P., V.G.), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Milan, Italy (G.M., G.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Paolo Perego
- From the Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.S., G.M.); Clinica Medica, Department of Health Science (M.C., M.V., R.D., G.G.) and Chirurgia II (P.P., V.G.), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Milan, Italy (G.M., G.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Vittorio Giardini
- From the Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.S., G.M.); Clinica Medica, Department of Health Science (M.C., M.V., R.D., G.G.) and Chirurgia II (P.P., V.G.), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Milan, Italy (G.M., G.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Marco Volpe
- From the Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.S., G.M.); Clinica Medica, Department of Health Science (M.C., M.V., R.D., G.G.) and Chirurgia II (P.P., V.G.), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Milan, Italy (G.M., G.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Raffaella Dell'Oro
- From the Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.S., G.M.); Clinica Medica, Department of Health Science (M.C., M.V., R.D., G.G.) and Chirurgia II (P.P., V.G.), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Milan, Italy (G.M., G.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- From the Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.S., G.M.); Clinica Medica, Department of Health Science (M.C., M.V., R.D., G.G.) and Chirurgia II (P.P., V.G.), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Milan, Italy (G.M., G.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Guido Grassi
- From the Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy (G.S., G.M.); Clinica Medica, Department of Health Science (M.C., M.V., R.D., G.G.) and Chirurgia II (P.P., V.G.), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Milan, Italy (G.M., G.G.); and IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy (G.G.).
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Cutti AG, Perego P, Fusca MC, Sacchetti R, Andreoni G. Assessment of lower limb prosthesis through wearable sensors and thermography. Sensors (Basel) 2014; 14:5041-55. [PMID: 24618782 PMCID: PMC4003980 DOI: 10.3390/s140305041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the application of infrared thermography in combination with ambulatory wearable monitoring of temperature and relative humidity, to assess the residual limb-to-liner interface in lower-limb prosthesis users. Five male traumatic transtibial amputees were involved, who reported no problems or discomfort while wearing the prosthesis. A thermal imaging camera was used to measure superficial thermal distribution maps of the stump. A wearable system for recording the temperature and relative humidity in up to four anatomical points was developed, tested in vitro and integrated with the measurement set. The parallel application of an infrared camera and wearable sensors provided complementary information. Four main Regions of Interest were identified on the stump (inferior patella, lateral/medial epicondyles, tibial tuberosity), with good inter-subject repeatability. An average increase of 20% in hot areas (P < 0.05) is shown after walking compared to resting conditions. The sensors inside the cuff did not provoke any discomfort during recordings and provide an inside of the thermal exchanges while walking and recording the temperature increase (a regime value is ~+1.1 ± 0.7 °C) and a more significant one (~+4.1 ± 2.3%) in humidity because of the sweat produced. This study has also begun the development of a reference data set for optimal socket/liner-stump construction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Perego
- Design Department, Politecnico di Milano, via Durando 38/A, Milan 20158, Italy.
| | - Marcello C Fusca
- Design Department, Politecnico di Milano, via Durando 38/A, Milan 20158, Italy.
| | - Rinaldo Sacchetti
- Centro Protesi INAIL, Via Rabuina 14, Vigorso di Budrio (BO) 40054, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Andreoni
- Design Department, Politecnico di Milano, via Durando 38/A, Milan 20158, Italy.
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21
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Andreoni G, Mazzola M, Perego P, Standoli CE, Manzoni S, Piccini L, Molteni F. Wearable monitoring devices for assistive technology: case studies in post-polio syndrome. Sensors (Basel) 2014; 14:2012-27. [PMID: 24469354 PMCID: PMC3958267 DOI: 10.3390/s140202012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The correct choice and customization of an orthosis are crucial to obtain the best comfort and efficiency. This study explored the feasibility of a multivariate quantitative assessment of the functional efficiency of lower limb orthosis through a novel wearable system. Gait basographic parameters and energetic indexes were analysed during a Six-Minute Walking Test (6-MWT) through a cost-effective, non-invasive polygraph device, with a multichannel wireless transmission, that carried out electro-cardiograph (ECG); impedance-cardiograph (ICG); and lower-limb accelerations detection. Four subjects affected by Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) were recruited. The wearable device and the semi-automatic post-processing software provided a novel set of objective data to assess the overall efficiency of the patient-orthosis system. Despite the small number of examined subjects, the results obtained with this new approach encourage the application of the method thus enlarging the dataset to validate this promising protocol and measuring system in supporting clinical decisions and out of a laboratory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Andreoni
- Design Department, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Durando 38/A, Milan 20158, Italy.
| | - Marco Mazzola
- Design Department, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Durando 38/A, Milan 20158, Italy.
| | - Paolo Perego
- Design Department, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Durando 38/A, Milan 20158, Italy.
| | | | - Simone Manzoni
- Design Department, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Durando 38/A, Milan 20158, Italy.
| | - Luca Piccini
- SXT-Sistemi per Telemedicina s.r.l., via M. D'Oggiono 18/A, Lecco 23900, Italy.
| | - Franco Molteni
- Villa Beretta" Rehabilitation Center, Valduce Hospital, Via N.Sauro, 17 - 23845 Costa Masnaga (LC), Italy.
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Gatti L, Cossa G, Tinelli S, Carenini N, Arrighetti N, Pennati M, Cominetti D, De Cesare M, Zunino F, Zaffaroni N, Perego P. Improved Apoptotic Cell Death in Drug-Resistant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand–Based Treatment. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 348:360-71. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.210054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Lecis D, De Cesare M, Perego P, Conti A, Corna E, Drago C, Seneci P, Walczak H, Colombo MP, Delia D, Sangaletti S. Smac mimetics induce inflammation and necrotic tumour cell death by modulating macrophage activity. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e920. [PMID: 24232096 PMCID: PMC3847325 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Smac mimetics (SMs) comprise a class of small molecules that target members of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of pro-survival proteins, whose expression in cancer cells hinders the action of conventional chemotherapeutics. Herein, we describe the activity of SM83, a newly synthesised dimeric SM, in two cancer ascites models: athymic nude mice injected intraperitoneally with IGROV-1 human ovarian carcinoma cells and immunocompetent BALB/c mice injected with murine Meth A sarcoma cells. SM83 rapidly killed ascitic IGROV-1 and Meth A cells in vivo (prolonging mouse survival), but was ineffective against the same cells in vitro. IGROV-1 cells in nude mice were killed within the ascites by a non-apoptotic, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-dependent mechanism. SM83 administration triggered a rapid inflammatory event characterised by host secretion of TNF, interleukin-1β and interferon-γ. This inflammatory response was associated with the reversion of the phenotype of tumour-associated macrophages from a pro-tumoural M2- to a pro-inflammatory M1-like state. SM83 treatment was also associated with a massive recruitment of neutrophils that, however, was not essential for the antitumoural activity of this compound. In BALB/c mice bearing Meth A ascites, SM83 treatment was in some cases curative, and these mice became resistant to a second injection of cancer cells, suggesting that they had developed an adaptive immune response. Altogether, these results indicate that, in vivo, SM83 modulates the immune system within the tumour microenvironment and, through its pro-inflammatory action, leads cancer cells to die by necrosis with the release of high-mobility group box-1. In conclusion, our work provides evidence that SMs could be more therapeutically active than expected by stimulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lecis
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
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Beretta GL, Zuco V, De Cesare M, Perego P, Zaffaroni N. Namitecan: a hydrophilic camptothecin with a promising preclinical profile. Curr Med Chem 2013; 19:3488-501. [PMID: 22680917 DOI: 10.2174/092986712801323252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecins are still among the most widely prescribed and effective anticancer drugs. Unfortunately, important drawbacks including water insolubility, lactone instability, reversibility of the drug-target interaction, drug resistance and toxicity are responsible for treatment failure and often require suspension of the drug administration itself. In order to overcome such drawbacks, several options in chemical manipulation of natural camptothecin have been explored, and effective compounds have been identified in a novel series of 7-oxyiminomethyl derivatives. Among the compounds of this series, the hydrophilic derivative namitecan (7 (2-aminoethoxy) iminomethyl camptothecin) has been selected for further development. The relevant features of namitecan are: 1) marked cytotoxic potency - likely related to multiple factors, including i) a potent inhibition of topoisomerase I, ii) a persistent stabilization of the cleavable complex, iii) an increased intracellular accumulation, and iv) a peculiar subcellular localization; 2) enhanced lactone stability and favorable pharmacokinetics; 3) remarkable antitumor efficacy in a large panel of human tumor xenografts (including tumor models relatively resistant to topotecan and irinotecan), particularly on squamous cell carcinomas. The clinical development of namitecan is currently ongoing. Namitecan exhibited an acceptable toxicity profile, with neutropenia being the dose-limiting toxic effect, and clinical benefit was appreciable in patients with different tumor types, particularly bladder and endometrium carcinomas. In this article, we review the relevant features of namitecan, with particular reference to its advantages compared with the two analogues (topotecan and irinotecan) approved for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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L. Beretta G, Gatti L, Perego P, Zaffaroni N. Camptothecin Resistance in Cancer: Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of a DNA-Damaging Drug. Curr Med Chem 2013; 20:1541-65. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867311320120006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Beretta GL, Zuco V, Perego P, Zaffaroni N. Targeting DNA topoisomerase I with non-camptothecin poisons. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:1238-57. [PMID: 22204335 DOI: 10.2174/092986712799320529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase I is required for DNA relaxation during a variety of cellular functions. The identification of camptothecins as specific enzyme poisons and their clinical efficacy have stimulated extensive efforts to exploit topoisomerase I as a therapeutic target for cancer. However, several limitations of camptothecins, such as low solubility and stability, high toxicity, and the occurrence of resistance, have encouraged the development of non-camptothecin topoisomerase I inhibitors. Different natural and synthetic compounds (e.g., indolocarbazoles, dibenzonaphthyridine and indenoisoquinoline) have been extensively studied as alternatives to camptothecins and have been proved to be promising therapeutic agents. In this review, we comparatively evaluate the preclinical results obtained with the different non-camptothecin poisons proposed thus far as topoisomerase I inhibitors, with special reference to cellular pharmacology, and discuss the perspective for their use in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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27
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Fanelli A, Signorini MG, Ferrario M, Perego P, Piccini L, Andreoni G, Magenes G. Telefetalcare: a first prototype of a wearable fetal electrocardiograph. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2011:6899-902. [PMID: 22255924 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6091737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fetal heart rate monitoring is fundamental to infer information about fetal health state during pregnancy. The cardiotocography (CTG) is the most common antepartum monitoring technique. Abdominal ECG recording represents the most valuable alternative to cardiotocography, as it allows passive, non invasive and long term fetal monitoring. Unluckily fetal ECG has low SNR and needs to be extracted from abdominal recordings using ad hoc algorithms. This work describes a prototype of a wearable fetal ECG electrocardiograph. The system has flat band frequency response between 1-60 Hz and guarantees good signal quality. It was tested on pregnant women between the 30(th) and 34(th) gestational week. Several electrodes configurations were tested, in order to identify the best solution. Implementation of a simple algorithm for FECG extraction permitted the reliable detection of maternal and fetal QRS complexes. The system will allow continuative and deep screening of fetal heart rate, introducing the possibility of home fetal monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fanelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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28
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do Espírito Santo A, Perego P, Converti A, Oliveira M. Influence of milk type and addition of passion fruit peel powder on fermentation kinetics, texture profile and bacterial viability in probiotic yoghurts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Ricci F, Perego P, Bono F, Guffanti F, Fruscio R, Betti M, Dell'Orto F, Broggini M, Damia G. 767 Ovarian Carcinoma Xenografts – Drug Response and Molecular Characterization. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Gatti L, Cossa G, Beretta GL, Zaffaroni N, Perego P. Novel insights into targeting ATP-binding cassette transporters for antitumor therapy. Curr Med Chem 2012; 18:4237-49. [PMID: 21838682 DOI: 10.2174/092986711797189682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a large family of proteins implicated in physiological cellular functions. Selected components of the family play a well-recognized role in extruding conventional cytotoxic antitumor agents and molecularly targeted drugs from cells. Some lines of evidence also suggest links between transporters and tumor cell survival, in part unrelated to efflux. However, the study of the precise mechanisms regulating the function of drug transporters (e.g., posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation) is still in its infancy. A better definition of the molecular events clarifying the regulation of transporter levels including regulation by microRNAs may contribute to provide new molecular tools to target such a family of transporters. The present review focuses on the biological aspects that implicate ABC transporters in resistance of tumor cells, including cancer stem cells. Molecular analysis of well-known preclinical systems as well as of cancer stem cell models supports the notion that ABC transporters represent amenable targets for modulation of the efficacy of antitumor agents endowed with different molecular features. Recent achievements regarding tumor cell biology are expected to provide a rationale for developing novel inhibitors that target ABC transporters implicated in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gatti
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Perego P, Moltani A, Andreoni G. Sport monitoring with smart wearable system. Stud Health Technol Inform 2012; 177:224-228. [PMID: 22942058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a new system for sport monitoring. The system was composed of a t-shirt with two textile electrodes and two devices for the acquisition, storage, processing and visualization of the signals. The systems allows monitoring both ECG signal (raw and processed heart-rate) and 3 axial acceleration (raw and step counter). The systems were tested in different conditions during some races; we report the results on three subjects during a skyrunning race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Perego
- Politecnico di Milano, INDACO Dept., Milan, Italy.
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Perego P, Moltani A, Fusca M, Zanini R, Bellù R, Andreoni G. Wearable monitoring systems in pre-term newborns care. Stud Health Technol Inform 2012; 177:203-209. [PMID: 22942055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the trends in the development and management of healthcare services are focused on the personalization of prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This paper presents an example of the development of wearable technology for biosignal monitoring in the field of pre-term newborns care. The system was validated by an in-hospital pre-clinical test demonstrating efficiency, reliability and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Perego
- Politecnico di Milano, Indaco dept., Milan, Italy.
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Nobile M, Perego P, Piccinini L, Mani E, Rossi A, Bellina M, Molteni M. Further evidence of complex motor dysfunction in drug naïve children with autism using automatic motion analysis of gait. Autism 2011; 15:263-83. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361309356929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase the knowledge of locomotor disturbances in children with autism, and of the mechanism underlying them, the objective of this exploratory study was to reliably and quantitatively evaluate linear gait parameters (spatio-temporal and kinematic parameters), upper body kinematic parameters, walk orientation and smoothness using an automatic motion analyser (ELITE systems) in drug naïve children with Autistic Disorder (AD) and healthy controls. The children with AD showed a stiffer gait in which the usual fluidity of walking was lost, trunk postural abnormalities, highly significant difficulties to maintain a straight line and a marked loss of smoothness (increase of jerk index), compared to the healthy controls. As a whole, these data suggest a complex motor dysfunction involving both the cortical and the subcortical area or, maybe, a possible deficit in the integration of sensory-motor information within motor networks (i.e., anomalous connections within the fronto-cerebello-thalamo-frontal network). Although the underlying neural structures involved remain to be better defined, these data may contribute to highlighting the central role of motor impairment in autism and suggest the usefulness of taking into account motor difficulties when developing new diagnostic and rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nobile
- Child Psychiatry Unit, The 'Eugenio Medea' Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Italy,
| | - Paolo Perego
- Gait Analysis Laboratory,The 'Eugenio Medea' Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Luigi Piccinini
- Functional Rehabilitation Unit, The 'Eugenio Medea' Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Elisa Mani
- Child Psychiatry Unit, The 'Eugenio Medea' Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Agnese Rossi
- Child Psychiatry Unit,The 'Eugenio Medea' Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Monica Bellina
- Child Psychiatry Unit, The 'Eugenio Medea' Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Child Psychiatry Unit, The 'Eugenio Medea' Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Italy
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Viana Marques DA, Pessoa-Júnior A, Lima-Filho JL, Converti A, Perego P, Porto ALF. Extractive fermentation of clavulanic acid by Streptomyces DAUFPE 3060 using aqueous two-phase system. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 27:95-103. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cossa G, Lanzi C, Gatti L, Beretta G, Cassinelli G, Carenini N, Cecco LD, Canevari S, Zunino F, Perego P. 323 Targeting the MAPK pathway to increase sensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cells to platinum compounds. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)72030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Oliveira RPDS, Casazza A, Aliakbarian B, Perego P, Oliveira MND, Converti A. Co-metabolism in skimmed milk of Streptococcus thermophilus in co-cultures with Lactobacillus bulgaricus or Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Casazza A, Aliakbarian B, Montoya EO, Perego P. t-resveratrol recovery from grape skins using high pressure and temperature extraction. J Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
This review aims at providing an overview on the microbial production of vanillin, a new alternative method for the production of this important flavor of the food industry, which has the potential to become economically competitive in the next future. After a brief description of the applications of vanillin in different industrial sectors and of its physicochemical properties, we described the traditional ways of providing vanillin, specifically extraction and chemical synthesis (mainly oxidation) and compared them with the new biotechnological options, i.e., biotransformations of caffeic acid, veratraldehyde and mainly ferulic acid. In the second part of the review, emphasis has been addressed to the factors most influencing the bioproduction of vanillin, specifically the age of inoculum, pH, temperature, type of co-substrate, as well as the inhibitory effects exerted either by excess substrate or product. The final part of the work summarized the downstream processes and the related unit operations involved in the recovery of vanillin from the bioconversion medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Converti
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Genoa , Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa , Italy
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Beretta GL, Cossa G, Gatti L, Zunino F, Perego P. Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 targeting for modulation of camptothecin-based treatment. Curr Med Chem 2010; 17:1500-8. [PMID: 20166932 DOI: 10.2174/092986710790979971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The targeting of specific DNA repair mechanisms may be a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of antitumor therapy. The cytotoxic effects of the clinically relevant topoisomerase 1 (Top1) poison camptothecins are related to the generation of DNA lesions and tumor cells may be resistant to DNA damaging agents due to increased repair. Tyrosyl- DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is implicated in the repair of strand breaks by removing abortive Top1/DNA complexes. Thus, a role for TDP1 in counteracting DNA damage induced by camptothecins has been proposed. Here, we review the role of TDP1 in DNA repair with particular reference to TDP1 function, its cooperation with other pathways and the development of pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Beretta
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, viaVenezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Perego P, Forti S, Crippa A, Valli A, Reni G. Reach and throw movement analysis with support vector machines in early diagnosis of autism. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2010; 2009:2555-8. [PMID: 19965210 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5335096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Movement disturbances play an intrinsic part in autism. Upper limb movements like reach-and-throw seem to be helpful in early identification of children affected by autism. Nevertheless few works investigate the application of classifying methods to upper limb movements. In this study we used a machine learning approach Support Vector Machine (SVM) for identifying peculiar features in reach-and-throw movements. 10 pre-scholar age children with autism and 10 control subjects performing the same exercises were analyzed. The SVM algorithm proved to be able to separate the two groups: accuracy of 100% was achieved with a soft margin algorithm, and accuracy of 92.5% with a more conservative one. These results were obtained with a radial basis function kernel, suggesting that a non-linear analysis is possibly required.
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Fiori L, de Faveri D, Casazza AA, Perego P. Grape by-products: extraction of polyphenolic compounds using supercritical CO2and liquid organic solvent – a preliminary investigation Subproductos de la uva: extracción de compuestos polifenólicos usando CO2supercrítico y disolventes orgánicos líquidos – una investigación preliminar. CyTA - Journal of Food 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/11358120902989715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
ATP binding cassette transporters are implicated in multidrug resistant phenotypes of tumor cells and may be cancer stem cell markers. Inhibitors of drug efflux pumps represent an emerging group of potentially useful agents for the improvement of antitumor therapy. Here we provide an overview of drug transporter functions and modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gatti
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Laboratories, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Gelosa G, DiFrancesco JC, Tremolizzo L, Lanzani F, Rota S, Colombo M, Perego P, Massimini D, Marzorati L, Curtò NA, Ferrarese C. Autoimmune encephalopathy in Graves' disease: remission after total thyroidectomy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:698-9. [PMID: 19448102 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.152413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Molteni E, Perego P, Zanotta N, Reni G. Entropy analysis on EEG signal in a case study of focal myoclonus. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2009; 2008:4724-7. [PMID: 19163771 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4650268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electrophysiological studies provide useful information for diagnosis and classification of myoclonus, and for the investigation of its generative mechanisms, due to association of myoclonus with abnormally increased excitability of cortical structures. In this work we analyzed the polygraphic data of a 7-year old girl affected by continuous partial epilepsy with focal myoclonus both related and not related with epileptiform discharges on EEG. We applied Sample Entropy (SampEn) and Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZ) methods to investigate the regularity and complexity content of EEG recordings and to find possible analogies in the behaviour of non-parametric complexity measures in epilepsy and in myoclonus. Our results show that these algorithms succeeded in finding a significant difference between the hypothesized focus on C3 electrode and the contralateral electrode C4, for EEG correlated myoclonus. A significant difference between the two contralateral electrodes (C3-C4) was also found for non EEG correlated myoclonus, but only by means of SampEn. This preliminary study confirmed the ability of entropic methods in discriminating myoclonic events. Indeed, near the myoclonic focus location both SampEn and LZ methods showed below average values.
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Signorelli M, Caspani G, Bonazzi C, Chiappa V, Perego P, Mangioni C. Fertility-sparing treatment in young women with endometrial cancer or atypical complex hyperplasia: a prospective single-institution experience of 21 cases. BJOG 2008; 116:114-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nobili C, Uggeri F, Romano F, Degrate L, Caprotti R, Perego P, Franciosi C, Uggeri F. Pylephlebitis and mesenteric thrombophlebitis in sigmoid diverticulitis: medical approach, delayed surgery. Dig Liver Dis 2007; 39:1088-90. [PMID: 17644055 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 57-year-old woman presented with fever, vomiting and arthralgia, with a history of rheumatoid arthritis. Laboratory tests showed leucocytes, anaemia and elevation of C-reactive-protein (CRP). Blood cultures were positive for Gram negative bacteria and Streptococcus viridans. Patient underwent abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) scan revealing sigmoid acute diverticulitis with peridiverticular abscesses and thrombophlebitis within the inferior mesenteric and portal veins. She started antibiotic and anticoagulant therapy. After 20 days, a second CT revealed a thrombosis involving the superior mesenteric vein also. After 22 days of therapy the patient was discharged with the resolution of the septic status. Two months after discharge the patient underwent left hemicolectomy for a histopathologically documented diverticulitis with an uneventful postoperative course. This is a description of a rare association of septic thrombosis within the portal, inferior mesenteric and superior mesenteric veins during acute sigmoid diverticulitis with abdominal abscesses. Our therapeutic strategy was a first line medical approach and delayed surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nobili
- Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Donizetti 106, 20052 Monza, Milan, Italy.
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Nobili C, Uggeri F, Romano F, Degrate L, Caprotti R, Perego P, Franciosi C, Uggeri F. Pylephlebitis and mesenteric thrombophlebitis in sigmoid diverticulitis: medical approach, delayed surgery. Dig Liver Dis 2007; 8:37-45. [PMID: 17644055 DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v8i2.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A 57-year-old woman presented with fever, vomiting and arthralgia, with a history of rheumatoid arthritis. Laboratory tests showed leucocytes, anaemia and elevation of C-reactive-protein (CRP). Blood cultures were positive for Gram negative bacteria and Streptococcus viridans. Patient underwent abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) scan revealing sigmoid acute diverticulitis with peridiverticular abscesses and thrombophlebitis within the inferior mesenteric and portal veins. She started antibiotic and anticoagulant therapy. After 20 days, a second CT revealed a thrombosis involving the superior mesenteric vein also. After 22 days of therapy the patient was discharged with the resolution of the septic status. Two months after discharge the patient underwent left hemicolectomy for a histopathologically documented diverticulitis with an uneventful postoperative course. This is a description of a rare association of septic thrombosis within the portal, inferior mesenteric and superior mesenteric veins during acute sigmoid diverticulitis with abdominal abscesses. Our therapeutic strategy was a first line medical approach and delayed surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nobili
- Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Donizetti 106, 20052 Monza, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
The camptothecins are among the most promising antitumor agents endowed with a unique mechanism of action, because they act through inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I, an enzyme involved in regulating critical cellular functions including DNA replication, transcription and recombination. On the basis of the pharmacological interest of camptothecins in cancer chemotherapy, medicinal chemistry has played a crucial role in the development of novel analogs, and recently some compounds have emerged as promising agents for clinical evaluation. A major limitation to the clinical efficacy of camptothecin-containing therapies is represented by drug resistance. As with other cytotoxic drugs, clinical resistance to camptothecins may be a multifactorial phenomenon likely involving pharmacological and tumor-related factors. An additional problem in understanding clinically relevant resistance mechanisms is the observation that preclinical cell/tumor models may be not adequately predictive of clinical resistance. Here, we review the mechanisms of cell sensitivity/resistance to camptothecins and current approaches to overcome specific mechanisms, either by chemical modifications or by combination with modulating agents. In particular, the realization that most camptothecins are substrates for ATP binding cassette transporters has stimulated efforts in molecular design of novel non-cross-resistant analogs. Finally, a better understanding of the mechanism of cell response at a cellular level could help in defining new strategies to overcome resistance as well as chemical features required for efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Beretta
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Andriani F, Perego P, Carenini N, Sozzi G, Roz L. Increased sensitivity to cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines after FHIT gene transfer. Neoplasia 2006; 8:9-17. [PMID: 16533421 PMCID: PMC1584285 DOI: 10.1593/neo.05517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the relevance of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) status in relation to drug treatment, we analyzed the sensitivity of the Fhit-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line NCI-H460 to different drugs, after treatment with an adenoviral vector expressing the FHIT transgene. Expression of Fhit resulted in reduced sensitivity to etoposide, doxorubicin, and topotecan. This feature was associated with Fhit-induced downregulation of DNA topoisomerases I and II. In contrast, expression of Fhit did not modulate sensitivity to Taxol, but produced a slight increase in sensitivity to cisplatin, as shown by colony-forming assays. Analysis of apoptosis revealed that, after cisplatin exposure, the number of apoptotic cells was two-fold higher in Fhit-expressing H460 cells. Moreover, it appeared that wildtype p53 was required for sensitization to cisplatin because the effect was marginal in A549 and Calu-1 cells, where the p53 pathway is altered and simultaneous restoration of p53 and Fhit in Calu-1 cells increased cisplatin sensitivity. Fhit could also partially restore sensitivity to cisplatin in Bcl-2- and Bcl-x(L)-overexpressing H460 cells that are normally resistant to this drug. Our results support the possible relevance of FHIT in cisplatin-based chemotherapy as well as in the reversal of drug resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Andriani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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