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Demaude A, Poleunis C, Goormaghtigh E, Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Delcorte A, Gordon M, Reniers F. Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Deposition of Hydrophilic/Phobic Patterns and Thin Film Laminates on Any Surface. Langmuir 2019; 35:9677-9683. [PMID: 31288522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Patterned and layered hydrophilic/phobic coatings were deposited on multiple surfaces using nonfluorinated precursors (AA, acrylic acid; PMA, propargyl methacrylate) with an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge operating in open air. Water contact angles of the resulting films could be tuned from <5° (superhydrophilic) to >135° (very hydrophobic) by adjusting the AA/PMA feed ratio and/or via postdeposition exposure of films to an Ar/O2 plasma treatment. Coatings could be applied to any surface and were seen to be water stable, due in large part to cross-linking induced from the reactivity of the PMA pendant groups. Hybrid hydrophilic/phobic patterns at submillimeter length scales, and philic/phobic/philic laminates were produced using a shadow mask and sequential deposition, respectively. Chemical heterogeneity of films was assessed using XPS, SIMS, and micro-IR imaging and suggest that localization of COOH and OH groups are primarily responsible for hydrophilicity. Overall, this work demonstrates that atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization is a simple and scalable method for robust and tunable control of wettability of surfaces of all kinds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Demaude
- Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry of Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanomaterials - ChemSIN , Université libre de Bruxelles , cp 255, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50 , B-1050 Bruxelles , Belgium
| | - C Poleunis
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences , Université Catholique de Louvain , Place Louis Pasteur 1 , Box L4.04.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - E Goormaghtigh
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Center for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics , Université libre de Bruxelles , Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/2 , B-1050 Brussels , Belgium
| | - P Viville
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials , Université de Mons , Place du Parc 20 , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - R Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials , Université de Mons , Place du Parc 20 , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - A Delcorte
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences , Université Catholique de Louvain , Place Louis Pasteur 1 , Box L4.04.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - M Gordon
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California-Santa Barbara , Eng II #3351 , Santa Barbara , California 93106-5080 , United States
| | - F Reniers
- Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry of Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanomaterials - ChemSIN , Université libre de Bruxelles , cp 255, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50 , B-1050 Bruxelles , Belgium
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Gbabode G, Dumont N, Quist F, Schweicher G, Moser A, Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Geerts YH. Substrate-induced crystal plastic phase of a discotic liquid crystal. Adv Mater 2012; 24:658-662. [PMID: 22174161 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new phase of a known discotic liquid crystal is observed at the interface with a rigid substrate. The structure of the substrate-induced phase has been characterized by atomic force microscopy, specular X-ray diffraction, and small-angle and wide-angle grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The substrate-induced phase, which has a thickness of ∼30 nm and a tetragonal symmetry, differs notably from the bulk phase. The occurrence of such phase casts a new light on alignment of discotic liquid crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabin Gbabode
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP206/1, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Vandencasteele N, Broze B, Collette S, De Vos C, Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Reniers F. Evidence of the synergetic role of charged species and atomic oxygen in the molecular etching of PTFE surfaces for hydrophobic surface synthesis. Langmuir 2010; 26:16503-16509. [PMID: 20973585 DOI: 10.1021/la101380j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) hydrophobic surface into a superhydrophobic one using a low pressure RF plasma is explored using optical emission spectrometry (OES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle (WCA) measurements, mass measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is shown that the increase in contact angle is due to an increase of roughness provoked by a chemical etching of the surface. We propose a molecular mechanism for etching that requires the simultaneous presence of atomic oxygen and negatively charged species (electrons) at the PTFE surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vandencasteele
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences, Chimie Analytique et chimie des interfaces, cp 255, Bld du Triomphe 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Zucchi G, Viville P, Donnio B, Vlad A, Melinte S, Mondeshki M, Graf R, Spiess HW, Geerts YH, Lazzaroni R. Miscibility between Differently Shaped Mesogens: Structural and Morphological Study of a Phthalocyanine-Perylene Binary System. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:5448-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809591h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Zucchi
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons Hainaut/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France, Microelectronics Laboratory (Unité DICE), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Levant 3, 1348 Louvain-la
| | - Pascal Viville
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons Hainaut/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France, Microelectronics Laboratory (Unité DICE), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Levant 3, 1348 Louvain-la
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons Hainaut/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France, Microelectronics Laboratory (Unité DICE), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Levant 3, 1348 Louvain-la
| | - Alexandru Vlad
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons Hainaut/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France, Microelectronics Laboratory (Unité DICE), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Levant 3, 1348 Louvain-la
| | - Sorin Melinte
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons Hainaut/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France, Microelectronics Laboratory (Unité DICE), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Levant 3, 1348 Louvain-la
| | - Mihail Mondeshki
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons Hainaut/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France, Microelectronics Laboratory (Unité DICE), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Levant 3, 1348 Louvain-la
| | - Robert Graf
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons Hainaut/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France, Microelectronics Laboratory (Unité DICE), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Levant 3, 1348 Louvain-la
| | - Hans Wolfgang Spiess
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons Hainaut/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France, Microelectronics Laboratory (Unité DICE), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Levant 3, 1348 Louvain-la
| | - Yves H. Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons Hainaut/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France, Microelectronics Laboratory (Unité DICE), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Levant 3, 1348 Louvain-la
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons Hainaut/Materia Nova, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France, Microelectronics Laboratory (Unité DICE), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Levant 3, 1348 Louvain-la
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Vandencasteele N, Nisol B, Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Castner DG, Reniers F. Study of plasma modified-PTFE for biological applications: relationship between protein resistant properties, plasma treatment, surface composition and surface roughness. Plasma Process Polym 2008; 5:661-671. [PMID: 24795545 PMCID: PMC4007513 DOI: 10.1002/ppap.200700143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PTFE samples were treated by low-pressure, O2 RF plasmas. The adsorption of BSA was used as a probe for the protein resistant properties. The exposure of PTFE to an O2 plasma leads to an increase in the chamber pressure. OES reveals the presence of CO, CO2 and F in the gas phase, indicating a strong etching of the PTFE surface by the O2 plasma. Furthermore, the high resolution C1s spectrum shows the appearance of CF3, CF and C-CF components in addition to the CF2 component, which is consistent with etching of the PTFE surface. WCA as high as 160° were observed, indicating a superhydrophobic behaviour. AFM Images of surfaces treated at high plasma power showed a increase in roughness. Lower amounts of BSA adsorption were detected on high power, O2 plasma-modified PTFE samples compared to low power, oxygen plasma-modified ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vandencasteele
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Sciences, Analytical and Interfacial Chemistry, cp 255, bld Triomphe 2, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Bernard Nisol
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Sciences, Analytical and Interfacial Chemistry, cp 255, bld Triomphe 2, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pascal Viville
- Laboratory for Chemistry of NoVel Materials, Université de Mons-Hainaut/Materia NoVa, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of NoVel Materials, Université de Mons-Hainaut/Materia NoVa, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David G. Castner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 351750, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - François Reniers
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Sciences, Analytical and Interfacial Chemistry, cp 255, bld Triomphe 2, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Van Renterghem LM, Lammens M, Dervaux B, Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Du Prez FE. Design and use of organic nanoparticles prepared from star-shaped polymers with reactive end groups. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:10802-11. [PMID: 18627145 DOI: 10.1021/ja801055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped poly(isobornyl acrylate) (PiBA) was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using multifunctional initiators. The optimal ATRP conditions were determined to minimize star-star coupling and to preserve high end group functionality (>90%). Star-shaped PiBA with a narrow polydispersity index was synthesized with 4, 6, and 12 arms and of varying molecular weight (10,000 to 100,000 g x mol(-1)) using 4 equiv of a Cu(I)Br/PMDETA catalyst system in acetone. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) confirmed their controlled synthesis. The bromine end group of each arm was then transformed to a reactive end group by a nucleophilic substitution with methacrylic acid or cinnamic acid (conversion >90%). These reactive star polymers were used to prepare PiBA nanoparticles by intramolecular polymerization of the end groups. The successful preparation of this new type of organic nanoparticles on a multigram scale was proven by NMR spectroscopy and SEC. Subsequently, they have been used as additives for linear, rubbery poly(n-butyl acrylate). Rheology measurements indicated that the viscoelastic properties of the resulting materials can be fine-tuned by changing the amount of incorporated nanoparticles (1-20 wt %), as a result of the entanglements between the nanoparticles and the linear polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieven M Van Renterghem
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Hennebert E, Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Flammang P. Micro- and nanostructure of the adhesive material secreted by the tube feet of the sea star Asterias rubens. J Struct Biol 2008; 164:108-18. [PMID: 18625322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To attach to underwater surfaces, sea stars rely on adhesive secretions produced by specialised organs, the tube feet. Adhesion is temporary and tube feet can also voluntarily become detached. The adhesive material is produced by two types of adhesive secretory cells located in the epidermis of the tube foot disc, and is deposited between the disc surface and the substratum. After detachment, this material remains on the substratum as a footprint. Using LM, SEM, and AFM, we described the fine structure of footprints deposited on various substrata by individuals of Asterias rubens. Ultrastructure of the adhesive layer of attached tube feet was also investigated using TEM. Whatever the method used, the adhesive material appeared as made up of globular nanostructures forming a meshwork deposited on a thin homogeneous film. This appearance did not differ according to whether the footprints were fixed or not, and whether they were observed hydrated or dry. TEM observations suggest that type 2 adhesive cells would be responsible for the release of the material constituting the homogeneous film whereas type 1 adhesive cells would produce the material forming the meshwork. This reticulated pattern would originate from the arrangement of the adhesive cell secretory pores on the disc surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Hennebert
- Université de Mons-Hainaut, Académie Universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, 6 Avenue du Champ de Mars, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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Miltner HE, Peeterbroeck S, Viville P, Dubois P, Van Mele B. Interfacial interaction in EVA-carbon nanotube and EVA-clay nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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De Cupere V, Tant J, Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Osikowicz W, Salaneck WR, Geerts YH. Effect of interfaces on the alignment of a discotic liquid-crystalline phthalocyanine. Langmuir 2006; 22:7798-806. [PMID: 16922566 DOI: 10.1021/la0605182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with the influence of the nature and number of solid interfaces on the alignment of the columns in a semiconducting discotic liquid crystal. The solid substrates have been characterized in terms of their roughness and surface energy. The alignment of the discotic liquid crystal columns on these substrates has been determined by optical microscopy under crossed polarizers and by tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. The nature of the substrates has negligible influence on the alignment. The key parameter is the confinement imposed to the film. These surprising observations are explained by the antagonist alignment role of gas and solid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinciane De Cupere
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, CP 206/1, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Tant J, Geerts YH, Lehmann M, De Cupere V, Zucchi G, Laursen BW, Bjørnholm T, Lemaur V, Marcq V, Burquel A, Hennebicq E, Gardebien F, Viville P, Beljonne D, Lazzaroni R, Cornil J. Liquid Crystalline Metal-free Phthalocyanines Designed for Charge and Exciton Transport. J Phys Chem B 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/jp060109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Peeterbroeck S, Lepoittevin B, Pollet E, Benali S, Broekaert C, Alexandre M, Bonduel D, Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Dubois P. Polymer layered silicate/carbon nanotube nanocomposites: The catalyzed polymerization approach. POLYM ENG SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bernard J, Schappacher M, Deffieux A, Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Charles MH, Charreyre MT, Delair T. Water-Soluble Dendrigrafts Bearing Saccharidic Moieties: Elaboration and Application to Enzyme Linked OligoSorbent Assay (ELOSA) Diagnostic Tests. Bioconjug Chem 2005; 17:6-14. [PMID: 16417246 DOI: 10.1021/bc049708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of water-soluble galactopyranose-functionalized polystyrene-polyvinyl ether dendrigrafts and their characterization (in solution and thin solid deposits) have been achieved. The presence of external galactopyranose groups on dendritic polymers has been exploited to prepare dendrigraft-oligonucleotide conjugates using a simple one-step coupling procedure with amino-ended oligonucleotides (ODNs). Several parameters such as the peripherical density of hydrophilic branches, the polymerization degree of polystyrene or poly(hydroxyethyl vinyl ether) blocks, and the number of galactopyranose groups were tuned. A capture test with short labeled complementary ODNs (25 bases) confirmed the presence of covalently bound ODNs on various kinds of dendrigrafts. The ability of the dendritic polymers to enhance the sensitivity of enzyme-linked oligosorbent assay (ELOSA) diagnostic tests (detection of hepatitis B virus, DNA target of 2400 bases) was then evaluated, especially the influence of the macromolecular architecture and the impact of the structural parameters. The dendrigraft-ODN conjugate with the lower saccharide external density was found to lead to a very significant amplification of the fluorescence signal, corresponding to a limit of sensitivity of 10(9) DNA copies per milliliter (instead of 10(11) DNA copies per milliliter without using dendrigrafts). Conversely, the dendrigrafts exhibiting a very high number of branches and galactopyranose groups at their periphery were not able to induce a better sensitivity due to steric hindrance generated by the peripheral congestion on these polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bernard
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629 CNRS-ENSCPB-Université Bordeaux I, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
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Tant J, Geerts YH, Lehmann M, De Cupere V, Zucchi G, Laursen BW, Bjørnholm T, Lemaur V, Marcq V, Burquel A, Hennebicq E, Gardebien F, Viville P, Beljonne D, Lazzaroni R, Cornil J. Liquid Crystalline Metal-Free Phthalocyanines Designed for Charge and Exciton Transport. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:20315-23. [PMID: 16853628 DOI: 10.1021/jp054778o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A joint theoretical and experimental study of the electronic and structural properties of liquid crystalline metal-free phthalocyanines bearing a strong potential for charge and exciton transport has been performed. The synthesis of such compounds has been triggered by quantum chemical calculations showing that: (i) hole transport is favored in metal-free phthalocyanines by their extremely low reorganization energy (0.045 eV) and large electronic splittings; and (ii) the efficiency of energy transfer along the one-dimensional discotic stacks is weakly affected by rotational disorder due to the two-dimensional character of the molecules. We have synthesized two metal-free phthalocyanines with different branched aliphatic chains on the gram scale to allow for a full characterization of their solid-state properties. The two compounds self-organize in liquid crystalline mesophases, as evidenced by optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and molecular dynamics simulations. They exhibit a columnar rectangular mesophase at room temperature and a columnar hexagonal mesophase at elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Tant
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 206/1 Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Ouarti N, Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Minatti E, Schappacher M, Deffieux A, Putaux JL, Borsali R. Micellar aggregation in blends of linear and cyclic poly(styrene-b-isoprene) diblock copolymers. Langmuir 2005; 21:9085-90. [PMID: 16171336 DOI: 10.1021/la050935z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of micelles formed from blends of linear and cyclic poly(styrene-b-isoprene) (PS-b-PI) block copolymers has been investigated in solution using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and in thin solid deposits by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy under cryogenic conditions (cryo-TEM). Micelles of the pure cyclic PS(290)-b-PI(110) copolymers are wormlike cylindrical objects built by unidirectional aggregation of 33 nm wide sunflower micelles, while the linear block copolymer having the same volume fraction and molar mass forms spherical micelles 40 nm in diameter. The DLS, AFM, and cryo-TEM results consistently show that the addition of the linear copolymer (even for amounts as low as 5% w/w) to the cyclic copolymer rather favors the formation of spherical micelles at the expense of the cylindrical aggregates. Those results clearly show that the linear block copolymer chains can be used to stabilize the thermodynamically unstable elementary sunflower micelle. The thermal stability of the micelles (from the pure copolymers and from the blends) has been examined in solid deposits with in situ AFM measurements. Coalescence starts at about 70 degrees C, and the surface roughness shows a two-step decrease toward a fully homogeneous and flat structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ouarti
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons-Hainaut/Materia Nova, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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Rasmont P, Regali A, Ings TC, Lognay G, Baudart E, Marlier M, Delcarte E, Viville P, Marot C, Falmagne P, Verhaeghe JC, Chittka L. Analysis of pollen and nectar of Arbutus unedo as a food source for Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J Econ Entomol 2005; 98:656-63. [PMID: 16022289 DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-98.3.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The mineral, total amino acid, and sterol compositions of pollen collected by Apis mellifera L. were compared with the pollen of a plant consumed by Bombus terrestris (L.): Arbutus unedo L. This plant provides the predominant food resource for the main autumn generation of B. terrestris in southern France. Honey bees also forage on this plant, although only for nectar. The mineral composition of 30 pollen samples collected by honey bees is close to the presently known requirements of A. mellifera, except for Cu and Mn, which are substantially lower. The total amino acid mean composition of a set of 54 pollen samples fits the basic requirements of honey bees except for valine, isoleucine, and methionine, which are present in lower concentrations in all the samples. For pollen of A. unedo, the amino acid balance is not very different from that of the survey. The main sterolic component in pollen of A. unedo, beta-sitosterol, is known to have antifeedant effects on A. mellifera. Honey bees cannot dealkylate C29 sterols like beta-sitosterol or delta5-avenasterol to obtain C27 cholesterol and ecdysteroids. Because these phytosterols as well as cholesterol are nearly absent from pollen of A. unedo, the metabolic capabilities of Apis seem unadapted to this plant. On the contrary, pollen of A. unedo is freely consumed by B. terrestris, which develops huge autumn populations solely on this food. These data indicate that the sterolic metabolisms of B. terrestris and A. mellifera differ, allowing separation in foraging activity.
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Ouarti N, Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Minatti E, Schappacher M, Deffieux A, Borsali R. Control of the morphology of linear and cyclic PS-b-PI block copolymer micelles via PS addition. Langmuir 2005; 21:1180-1186. [PMID: 15697258 DOI: 10.1021/la048944f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of polystyrene (PS) homopolymer addition on the morphology of self-assembled block copolymer micelles made from linear or cyclic poly(styrene-b-isoprene), PS-b-PI, in a selective solvent for the PI block (heptane). Both copolymers have the same composition: the degree of polymerization is 290 for the PS block, and 110 for the PI block, and we focused on the influence of the addition of small amounts of PS homopolymer on the micellar morphology. For the copolymer concentrations considered, the linear copolymer self-organizes into spherical micelles while the cyclic copolymer forms cylindrical micelles. PS and PI chains constitute the core and the corona of these micelles, respectively, due to the different affinity of the blocks for heptane. Consequently, the PS homopolymer added is "solubilized" into the micellar core. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) data combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show that the addition of PS homopolymer induces a drastic change in the micellar organization. Indeed, a morphological transition, from spheres to cylinders for the linear copolymer, and from cylinders to vesicles for the cyclic copolymer, is observed. These results highlight the fact that a small incorporation of PS homopolymer is clearly sufficient to modify the morphology (size and shape) of the micelles. This approach could be a key parameter for the design/control of micelles for specific applications in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ouarti
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS, ENSCPB and Bordeaux-1 University, 16 Avenue Pey Berland 33607 PESSAC CEDEX, France.
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Abstract
We report on the controlled chemical grafting of well-defined polymer chains onto individual montmorillonite-type clay nanoplatelets and the direct visualization of the formed hybrid material at the nanoscale level. Our approach is based on the use of a surfactant mixture that contains varying proportions of hydroxyl-substituted alkylammonium and unsubstituted alkylammonium cations to exchange the initial Na(+) counterions of the natural montmorillonite. This allows for the exchange of Na(+) by a tunable amount of hydroxyl functions at the surface of the clays. Those functions are then derivatized into aluminum alkoxides in order to initiate the ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone directly from the clay surface that was swollen in an organic solvent. Atomic force microscopy measurements on the resulting polymer-grafted nanoplatelets demonstrate the strong dependence of the coating of the individual clay particles with the composition of the surfactant mixture used for the cationic exchange. This allows for the generation of a range of morphologies varying from polymer islands distributed over the clay surface to homogeneous polymer layers thoroughly coating the platelets. Finally, the control that is achievable over the synthesis of this new family of organic-inorganic nanohybrid materials has been extended to the surface grafting of semicrystalline poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-poly(lactic acid) diblock copolymers with defined compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Viville
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Sciences des Matériaux Polymères, Université de Mons-Hainaut, 20, Place du Parc 7000, Mons, Belgium.
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Viville P, Leclère P, Deffieux A, Schappacher M, Bernard J, Borsali R, Brédas JL, Lazzaroni R. Atomic force microscopy study of comb-like vs. arborescent graft copolymers in thin films. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Schappacher M, Deffieux A, Putaux JL, Viville P, Lazzaroni R. Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Soluble Amphipatic Polystyrene-Based Dendrigrafts. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034161+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Dubois P, Kotzev A, Geerts Y, Borcia G, Pireaux JJ. Impact of silicone-based block copolymer surfactants on the surface and bulk microscopic organization of a biodegradable polymer, poly(epsilon-caprolactone). Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:696-703. [PMID: 12741787 DOI: 10.1021/bm0257356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two amphiphilic AB block copolymers, containing a highly compatible poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) block connected to a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) block having a low surface energy, are synthesized and characterized in terms of their dispersion in a presynthesized PCL matrix. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, and optical microscopy are used to describe the evolution of the surface chemical composition, as well as the surface and bulk morphology of the PCL/copolymer blends as a function of the nature and weight surface free energy and the dispersion of the copolymers in the blends, leading to important modifications of the bulk and the surface morphology. These differences are interpreted in terms of the impact of the block copolymers on the semicrystalline polymer structure and related properties in the prospect of using the surfactants to improve the synthesis of PCL in supercritical CO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Viville
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Sciences des Matériaux Polymères, Université de Mons-Hainaut, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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Minatti E, Viville P, Borsali R, Schappacher M, Deffieux A, Lazzaroni R. Micellar Morphological Changes Promoted by Cyclization of PS-b-PI Copolymer: DLS and AFM Experiments. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma020927e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Minatti
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, LCPO-CNRS, ENSCPB and Bordeaux-1 University, 16 Avenue Pey Berland 33607 Pessac Cedex, France, Departamento de Química da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, and Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Sciences des Matériaux Polymères (CRESMAP), 20, Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - P. Viville
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, LCPO-CNRS, ENSCPB and Bordeaux-1 University, 16 Avenue Pey Berland 33607 Pessac Cedex, France, Departamento de Química da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, and Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Sciences des Matériaux Polymères (CRESMAP), 20, Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - R. Borsali
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, LCPO-CNRS, ENSCPB and Bordeaux-1 University, 16 Avenue Pey Berland 33607 Pessac Cedex, France, Departamento de Química da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, and Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Sciences des Matériaux Polymères (CRESMAP), 20, Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - M. Schappacher
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, LCPO-CNRS, ENSCPB and Bordeaux-1 University, 16 Avenue Pey Berland 33607 Pessac Cedex, France, Departamento de Química da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, and Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Sciences des Matériaux Polymères (CRESMAP), 20, Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - A. Deffieux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, LCPO-CNRS, ENSCPB and Bordeaux-1 University, 16 Avenue Pey Berland 33607 Pessac Cedex, France, Departamento de Química da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, and Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Sciences des Matériaux Polymères (CRESMAP), 20, Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - R. Lazzaroni
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, LCPO-CNRS, ENSCPB and Bordeaux-1 University, 16 Avenue Pey Berland 33607 Pessac Cedex, France, Departamento de Química da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, and Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Sciences des Matériaux Polymères (CRESMAP), 20, Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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Viville P, Deffieux A, Schappacher M, Brédas J, Lazzaroni R. Surface organization of single hyperbranched polymer molecules, as studied by atomic force microscopy. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(01)00234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Viville P, Biscarini F, Brédas JL, Lazzaroni R. Scaling Aspects of the Kinetics of Thermally Induced Phase Separation in Bisphenol A Polycarbonate/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001286x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Viville
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronique et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Mons-Hainaut, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium, Istituto di Spettroscopia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
| | - F. Biscarini
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronique et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Mons-Hainaut, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium, Istituto di Spettroscopia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
| | - J. L. Brédas
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronique et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Mons-Hainaut, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium, Istituto di Spettroscopia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
| | - R. Lazzaroni
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronique et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Mons-Hainaut, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium, Istituto di Spettroscopia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
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