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Kron NS, Neuman BW, Kumar S, Blackwelder PL, Vidal D, Walker-Phelan DZ, Gibbs PDI, Fieber LA, Schmale MC. Expression dynamics of the aplysia abyssovirus. Virology 2024; 589:109890. [PMID: 37951086 PMCID: PMC10842508 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel, extremely large (35.9 kb), nidovirus in RNA sequence databases from the marine neural model Aplysia californica. The goal of the present study was to document the distribution and transcriptional dynamics of this virus, Aplysia abyssovirus 1 (AAbV), in maricultured and wild animals. We confirmed previous findings that AAbV RNA is widespread and reaches extraordinary levels in apparently healthy animals. Transmission electron microscopy identified viral replication factories in ciliated gill epithelial cells but not in neurons where viral RNA is most highly expressed. Viral transcripts do not exhibit evidence of discontinuous RNA synthesis as in coronaviruses but are consistent with production of a single leaderless subgenomic RNA, as in the Gill-associated virus of Penaeus monodon. Splicing patterns in chronically infected adults suggested high levels of defective genomes, possibly explaining the lack of obvious disease signs in high viral load animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Kron
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, USA, 33149.
| | - Benjamin W Neuman
- Department of Biology, Department of Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunology and Division of Research, Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell St., College Station, TX, USA, 77843
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Biology, Department of Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunology and Division of Research, Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell St., College Station, TX, USA, 77843
| | - Patricia L Blackwelder
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, USA, 33149; University of Miami Center for Advanced Microscopy, University of Miami, 142B Physics, Coral Gables, FL, USA, 33146
| | - Dayana Vidal
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, USA, 33149
| | - Delphina Z Walker-Phelan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, South Lake Union E-411 750 Republican St. UW Box 358059, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Patrick D I Gibbs
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, USA, 33149
| | - Lynne A Fieber
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, USA, 33149
| | - Michael C Schmale
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, USA, 33149
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2
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Grupstra CGB, Howe-Kerr LI, Veglia AJ, Bryant RL, Coy SR, Blackwelder PL, Correa AMS. Thermal stress triggers productive viral infection of a key coral reef symbiont. ISME J 2022; 16:1430-1441. [PMID: 35046559 PMCID: PMC9038915 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-driven ocean warming is increasing the frequency and severity of bleaching events, in which corals appear whitened after losing their dinoflagellate endosymbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae). Viral infections of Symbiodiniaceae may contribute to some bleaching signs, but little empirical evidence exists to support this hypothesis. We present the first temporal analysis of a lineage of Symbiodiniaceae-infecting positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses ("dinoRNAVs") in coral colonies, which were exposed to a 5-day heat treatment (+2.1 °C). A total of 124 dinoRNAV major capsid protein gene "aminotypes" (unique amino acid sequences) were detected from five colonies of two closely related Pocillopora-Cladocopium (coral-symbiont) combinations in the experiment; most dinoRNAV aminotypes were shared between the two coral-symbiont combinations (64%) and among multiple colonies (82%). Throughout the experiment, seventeen dinoRNAV aminotypes were found only in heat-treated fragments, and 22 aminotypes were detected at higher relative abundances in heat-treated fragments. DinoRNAVs in fragments of some colonies exhibited higher alpha diversity and dispersion under heat stress. Together, these findings provide the first empirical evidence that exposure to high temperatures triggers some dinoRNAVs to switch from a persistent to a productive infection mode within heat-stressed corals. Over extended time frames, we hypothesize that cumulative dinoRNAV production in the Pocillopora-Cladocopium system could affect colony symbiotic status, for example, by decreasing Symbiodiniaceae densities within corals. This study sets the stage for reef-scale investigations of dinoRNAV dynamics during bleaching events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex J Veglia
- BioSciences at Rice, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reb L Bryant
- BioSciences at Rice, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Patricia L Blackwelder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami Center for Advanced Microscopy (UMCAM), 1301 Memorial Dr, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0630, USA
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3
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Pineiro ML, Green JB, Kaufman J, Blackwelder PL, Freytag DL, Frank K, Alfertshofer M, Cotofana S. Deformation of Needle Tips During Facial Soft Tissue Filler Injections: An Electron-Microscopic Study. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:NP2011-NP2019. [PMID: 33942055 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjab211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injectable soft tissue fillers are used on a global scale for a variety of aesthetic indications. Despite their widespread use, there is a dearth of information regarding needle deformation following injection procedures. Repeated injections with the same needle could lead to progressive needle tip deformation, potentially resulting in decreased precision and increased patient discomfort. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to quantify the magnitude of needle tip deformation utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis. METHODS An observational study was performed evaluating 4 differently sized needles following soft tissue filler injections for 5 different aesthetic indications (zygomatic arch, infraorbital, midcheek, nasolabial sulcus, and perioral) in patients aged 36 to 64 years. Following treatment, each needle was visualized and imaged through SEM, and the percentage of deformation in relation to the total amount of needle tip surface was calculated. RESULTS The factor most influencing needle tip damage was revealed to be the number of injection passes, ie, dermal transitions. Per injection procedure, an increase in needle tip damage of 4.7% occurred. Touching the bone deformed the needle tip by 9.6% and an increase in needle size resulted in 0.13% more damage. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first SEM investigation to provide objective evidence for the deformation of needle tips after repeated facial soft tissue filler injections. These data may help improve patient safety and comfort during these minimally invasive procedures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patricia L Blackwelder
- University of Miami Center for Advanced Microscopy (UMCAM)/Chemistry Department, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - David L Freytag
- Department for Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Frank
- Department for Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Alfertshofer
- Department for Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Cotofana
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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4
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Zhou Y, ElMetwally AE, Chen J, Shi W, Cilingir EK, Walters B, Mintz KJ, Martin C, Ferreira BCLB, Zhang W, Hettiarachchi SD, Serafim LF, Blackwelder PL, Wikramanayake AH, Peng Z, Leblanc RM. Gel-like carbon dots: A high-performance future photocatalyst. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 599:519-532. [PMID: 33964697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To protect water resources, halt waterborne diseases, and prevent future water crises, photocatalytic degradation of water pollutants arouse worldwide interest. However, considering the low degradation efficiency and risk of secondary pollution displayed by most metal-based photocatalysts, highly efficient and environmentally friendly photocatalysts with appropriate band gap, such as carbon dots (CDs), are in urgent demand. In this study, the photocatalytic activity of gel-like CDs (G-CDs) was studied using diverse water pollution models for photocatalytic degradation. The degradation rate constants demonstrated a remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity of G-CDs compared with most known CD species and comparability to graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). In addition, the rate constant was further improved by 1.4 times through the embedment of g-C3N4 in G-CDs to obtain CD-C3N4. Significantly, the rate constant was also higher than that of g-C3N4 alone, revealing a synergistic effect. Moreover, the use of diverse radical scavengers suggested that the main contributors to the photocatalytic degradation with G-CDs alone were superoxide radicals (O2-) and holes that were, however, substituted by O2- and hydroxyl radicals (OH) due to the addition of g-C3N4. Furthermore, the photocatalytic stabilities of G-CDs and CD-C3N4 turned out to be excellent after four cycles of dye degradation were performed continuously. Eventually, the nontoxicity and environmental friendliness of G-CDs and CD-C3N4 were displayed with sea urchin cytotoxicity tests. Hence, through various characterizations, photocatalytic degradation and cytotoxicity tests, G-CDs proved to be an environmentally friendly and highly efficient future photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Ahmed E ElMetwally
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Jiuyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Wenquan Shi
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Emel K Cilingir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Brian Walters
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Keenan J Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Christian Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | | - Leonardo F Serafim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Patricia L Blackwelder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; MGS/RSMAS, University of Miami, Key Biscayne, FL 33149, USA
| | | | - Zhili Peng
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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5
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Royer HM, Mitroo D, Hayes SM, Haas SM, Pratt KA, Blackwelder PL, Gill TE, Gaston CJ. The Role of Hydrates, Competing Chemical Constituents, and Surface Composition on ClNO 2 Formation. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:2869-2877. [PMID: 33587619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atomic chlorine (Cl•) affects air quality and atmospheric oxidizing capacity. Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) - a common Cl• source-forms when chloride-containing aerosols react with dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5). A recent study showed that saline lakebed (playa) dust is an inland source of particulate chloride (Cl-) that generates high ClNO2. However, the underlying physiochemical factors responsible for observed yields are poorly understood. To elucidate these controlling factors, we utilized single particle and bulk techniques to determine the chemical composition and mineralogy of playa sediment and dust samples from the southwest United States. Single particle analysis shows trace highly hygroscopic magnesium and calcium Cl-containing minerals are present and likely facilitate ClNO2 formation at low humidity. Single particle and mineralogical analysis detected playa sediment organic matter that hinders N2O5 uptake as well as 10 Å-clay minerals (e.g., Illite) that compete with water and chloride for N2O5. Finally, we show that the composition of the aerosol surface, rather than the bulk, is critical in ClNO2 formation. These findings underscore the importance of mixing state, competing reactions, and surface chemistry on N2O5 uptake and ClNO2 yield for playa dusts and, likely, other aerosol systems. Therefore, consideration of particle surface composition is necessary to improve ClNO2 and air quality modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley M Royer
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Dhruv Mitroo
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Sarah M Hayes
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Energy, and Minerals Science Center, Reston, Virginia 20192, United States
| | - Savannah M Haas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kerri A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Patricia L Blackwelder
- Center for Advanced Microscopy (UMCAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
- Department of Marine Geological Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Fl 33149, United States
| | - Thomas E Gill
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Cassandra J Gaston
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
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6
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Chen SH, Scott XO, Ferrer Marcelo Y, Almeida VW, Blackwelder PL, Yavagal DR, Peterson EC, Starke RM, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Netosis and Inflammasomes in Large Vessel Occlusion Thrombi. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:607287. [PMID: 33569001 PMCID: PMC7868597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.607287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response appears to play a critical role in clotting in which neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are the major drivers of thrombosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The inflammasome is an innate immune complex involved in the activation of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β through caspase-1, but whether the inflammasome plays a role in NETosis in AIS remains poorly understood. Here we assessed the levels of inflammasome signaling proteins in NETs and their association with clinical and procedural outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy for AIS. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence indicate the presence of NETs in thrombi of patients with AIS. Moreover, the inflammasome signaling proteins caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) were also present in clots associated with the marker of NETosis citrullinated histone 3H (CitH3). Analysis of protein levels by a simple plex assay show that caspase-1, ASC and interleukin (IL)-1β were significantly elevated in clots when compared to plasma of AIS patients and healthy controls, while IL-18 levels were lower. Moreover, multivariate analyses show that IL-1β levels in clots contribute to the number of passes to achieve complete recanalization, and that ASC, caspase-1 and IL-18 are significant contributors to time to recanalization. Thus, inflammasome proteins are elevated in NETs present in thrombi of patients with AIS that contribute to poor outcomes following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Xavier O Scott
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Yoandy Ferrer Marcelo
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Vania W Almeida
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Patricia L Blackwelder
- University of Miami Center for Advanced Microscopy (UMCAM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eric C Peterson
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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7
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Zhou Y, Mintz KJ, Cheng L, Chen J, Ferreira BCLB, Hettiarachchi SD, Liyanage PY, Seven ES, Miloserdov N, Pandey RR, Quiroga B, Blackwelder PL, Chusuei CC, Li S, Peng Z, Leblanc RM. Direct conjugation of distinct carbon dots as Lego-like building blocks for the assembly of versatile drug nanocarriers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 576:412-425. [PMID: 32460101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As a promising drug nanocarrier, carbon dots (CDs) have exhibited many excellent properties. However, some properties such as bone targeting and crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) only apply to a certain CD preparation with limited drug loading capacity. Therefore, it is significant to conjugate distinct CDs to centralize many unique properties on the novel drug nanocarrier. Considering that CDs have abundant and tunable surface functionalities, in this study, a direct conjugation was initiated between two distinct CD models, black CDs (B-CDs) and gel-like CDs (G-CDs) via an amidation reaction. As a result of conjugation at a mass ratio of 5:3 (B-CDs to G-CDs) and a two-step purification process, the conjugate, black-gel CDs (B-G CDs) (5:3) inherited functionalities from both CDs and obtained an enhanced thermostability, aqueous stability, red-shifted photoluminescence (PL) emission, and a figure-eight shape with a width and length of 3 and 6 nm, respectively. In addition, the necessity of high surface primary amine (NH2) content in the CD conjugation was highlighted by replacing G-CDs with other CDs with lower surface NH2 content. Meanwhile, the carboxyl groups (COOH) on G-CDs were not enough to trigger self-conjugation between G-CDs. Moreover, the drug loading capacity was enhanced by 54.5% from B-CDs to B-G CDs (5:3). Furthermore, when the mass ratio of B-CDs to G-CDs was decreased from 5:30, 5:100 to 5:300, the obtained nanostructures revealed a great potential of CDs as Lego-like building blocks. Also, bioimaging of zebrafish demonstrated that various B-G CDs exhibited properties of both bone targeting and crossing the BBB, which are specific properties of B-CDs and G-CDs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Keenan J Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Ling Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Jiuyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | | | | - Piumi Y Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Nikolay Miloserdov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Raja R Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Bruno Quiroga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Patricia L Blackwelder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; GS/RSMAS, University of Miami, Key Biscayne, FL 33149, USA
| | - Charles C Chusuei
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Shanghao Li
- MP Biomedicals LLC, 3 Hutton Center, Santa Ana, CA 92707, USA
| | - Zhili Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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8
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Zhou Y, Liyanage PY, Geleroff DL, Peng Z, Mintz KJ, Hettiarachchi SD, Pandey RR, Chusuei CC, Blackwelder PL, Leblanc RM. Photoluminescent Carbon Dots: A Mixture of Heterogeneous Fractions. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2589-2597. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Piumi Y. Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Daniel L. Geleroff
- Department of Engineering; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Zhili Peng
- Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Keenan J. Mintz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | | | - Raja R. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry; Middle Tennessee State University; Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA
| | - Charles C. Chusuei
- Department of Chemistry; Middle Tennessee State University; Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA
| | - Patricia L. Blackwelder
- Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
- MGS/RSMAS; University of Miami; Key Biscayne FL 33149 USA
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
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9
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Peng Z, Miyanji EH, Zhou Y, Pardo J, Hettiarachchi SD, Li S, Blackwelder PL, Skromne I, Leblanc RM. Carbon dots: promising biomaterials for bone-specific imaging and drug delivery. Nanoscale 2017; 9:17533-17543. [PMID: 29110000 PMCID: PMC5691292 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05731h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone-related diseases and dysfunctions are heavy burdens on our increasingly aged society. One important strategy to relieve this problem is through early detection and treatment of bone-related diseases. Towards this goal, there has been constant interest in developing novel bone-specific materials for imaging and drug delivery. Currently, however, materials that have high affinity and specificity towards bone are very limited. Carbon dots (C-dots) synthesized from carbon nanopowder bind to calcified bones in vivo with high affinity and specificity. In this study we show that bone binding is highly unique to a specific type of C-dot, and that this binding is non-toxic. Significantly, C-dots derived from other raw materials did not show any bone binding properties. These differences are attributed to the differences in surface chemistry of C-dot preparations, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of C-dots. Importantly, bone-binding by carbon nanopowder derived C-dots is not significantly altered by chemical functionalization of their surface. These unique properties indicate the potential applications of carbon nanopowder-derived C-dots as highly bone-specific bioimaging agents and drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Peng
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
| | - Esmail H. Miyanji
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
| | - Joel Pardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
| | - Sajini D. Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
| | - Shanghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
- MP Biomedicals, 3 Hutton Center Dr. #100, Santa Ana, CA 92707, United States
| | - Patricia L. Blackwelder
- Center for Advanced Microscopy and Marine Geosciences, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
- Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania, Florida, 33004, United States
| | - Isaac Skromne
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
- Departmnt of Biology, University of Richmond, 28 Westhampton Way, Richmond, Virginia, 23173, United States
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
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Tootoonchi MH, Hashempour M, Blackwelder PL, Fraker CA. Manganese oxide particles as cytoprotective, oxygen generating agents. Acta Biomater 2017; 59:327-337. [PMID: 28688986 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture and cellular transplant therapies are adversely affected by oxidative species and radicals. Herein, we present the production of bioactive manganese oxide nanoparticles for the purpose of radical scavenging and cytoprotection. Manganese comprises the core active structure of somatic enzymes that perform the same function, in vivo. Formulated nanoparticles were characterized structurally and surveyed for maximal activity (superoxide scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging with resultant oxygen generation) and minimal cytotoxicity (48-h direct exposure to titrated manganese oxide concentrations). Cytoprotective capacity was tested using cell exposure to hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of the nanoparticles. Several ideal compounds were manufactured and utilized that showed complete disproportionation of superoxide produced by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction. Further, the nanoparticles showed catalase-like activity by completely converting hydrogen peroxide into the corresponding concentration of oxygen. Finally, the particles protected cells (murine β-cell insulinoma) against insult from hydrogen peroxide exposure. Based on these observed properties, these particles could be utilized to combat oxidative stress and inflammatory response in a variety of cell therapy applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Maintaining viability once cells have been removed from their physiological niche, e.g. culture and transplant, demands proper control of critical variables such as oxygenation and removal of harmful substances e.g. reactive oxygen species. Limited catalysts can transform reactive oxygen species into molecular oxygen and, thereby, have the potential to maintain cell viability and function. Among these are manganese oxide particles which are the subject of this study.
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Zhou Y, Desserre A, Sharma SK, Li S, Marksberry MH, Chusuei CC, Blackwelder PL, Leblanc RM. Gel-like Carbon Dots: Characterization and their Potential Applications. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:890-897. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA
| | | | - Shiv K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA
| | - Shanghao Li
- Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA
| | - M. Hensley Marksberry
- Department of Chemistry; Middle Tennessee State University; Murfreesboro Tennessee 37132 USA
| | - Charles C. Chusuei
- Department of Chemistry; Middle Tennessee State University; Murfreesboro Tennessee 37132 USA
| | - Patricia L. Blackwelder
- Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA
- GS/RSMAS; University of Miami; Key Biscayne Florida 33149 USA
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA
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Takahashi K, Blackwelder PL. The spatial distribution of silicoflagellates in the region of the Gulf Stream warm-core ring 82B: application to water mass tracer studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0198-0149(11)80018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Rae V, Pardo RJ, Blackwelder PL, Falanga V. Leg ulcers following subcutaneous injection of a liquid silicone preparation. Arch Dermatol 1989; 125:670-3. [PMID: 2712585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We present an unusual case of leg ulcers occurring 23 years after the patient had received large-volume subcutaneous injections of a liquid silicone preparation into her legs for cosmetic reasons. Light microscopy of a biopsy specimen from the edge of the ulcer showed optically clear vacuoles in the dermis, together with a mixed cellular infiltrate. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed amorphous spherules within the vacuoles, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy established the presence of silicon in these spherules. Nearby tissue not containing spherules did not show a silicon peak. This case adds to the growing documentation of morbidity associated with injections of silicone of uncertain purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rae
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Fla School of Medicine
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Wheeler AP, Blackwelder PL, Wilbur KM. SHELL GROWTH IN THE SCALLOP ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS. I. ISOTOPE INCORPORATION WITH REFERENCE TO DIURNAL GROWTH. Biol Bull 1975; 148:472-482. [PMID: 29324022 DOI: 10.2307/1540523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Incorporation of calcium and carbonate into shell has been studied in the scallop Argopecten irradians using 45Ca and 14C-bicarbonate. 2. The incorporation of 45Ca and 14C-carbonate into shell was linear with time after a lag period of 1 to 2 hours. The shell-forming mantle tissue attained a steady state with respect to 45Ca in the sea water medium within 2 hours. 3. The molar ratio of 45Ca to 14C-carbonate deposited in shell was not significantly different from unity during 5 hours. 4. The rate of incorporation of 14C-carbonate into shell was highest at the ventral edge and extremely low in the central and hinge areas. 5. The rate of incorporation at the ventral shell edge did not change with increase in shell size. 6. The rate of incorporation of carbonate was low at night when growth ridges form and increased 3-fold at midday when growth ridges are not being formed. 7. The protein content of the shell ridges was 32.9 ± 3.9% and the protein content of the shell including ridges was 16.0 ± 2.1%.
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15
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Meenakshi VR, Blackwelder PL, Hare PE, Wilbur KM, Watabe N. Studies on shell regeneration. I. Matrix and mineral composition of the normal and regenerated shell of Pomacea paludosa. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 1975; 50:347-51. [PMID: 234343 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(75)90024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Meenakshi VR, Blackwelder PL, Watabe N. Studies on the formation of calcified egg-capsules of ampullarid snails. I. Vaterite crystals in the reproductive system and the egg capsules of Pomacea paludosa. Calcif Tissue Res 1974; 16:283-91. [PMID: 4451868 DOI: 10.1007/bf02008236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Meenakshi VR, Donnay G, Blackwelder PL, Wilbur KM. The influence of substrata on calcification patterns in molluscan shell. Calcif Tissue Res 1974; 15:31-44. [PMID: 4843781 DOI: 10.1007/bf02059041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Perkins RD, McKenzie MD, Blackwelder PL. Aragonite Crystals within Codiacean Algae: Distinctive Morphology and Sedimentary Implications. Science 1972; 175:624-6. [PMID: 17808800 DOI: 10.1126/science.175.4022.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Morphologic studies of single crystals of aragonite within Codiacean algae reveal characteristic crystal forms produced by two distinctly different modes of calcification. Diagnostic serrated crystals (1 micrometer in length) of aragonite originating within the extracellular sheaths of capitular filaments are incorporated into modern lime sediments and may serve as effective tracers for particles of algal origin. Intracellular calcification within Penicillus dumetosus, previously unueported, is represented by doubly terminated aragonite crystals ranging in size from 48 to 160 micrometers.
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