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Sorg H, Bagheri M, Ehlers J, Hauser J, Tilkorn DJ, Leifeld IH, Fuchs P, Sorg CGG. [Balancing Family and Career in Medicine: Greatly Desired but Given Little Consideration Results of the Study Arm VI of the KARiMED Study]. Gesundheitswesen 2022. [PMID: 35654401 DOI: 10.1055/a-1813-8182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Family life and professional practice are both highly important for young physicians. Accordingly, a good balancing of both areas of life is necessary. Despite political framework conditions and legal requirements that have been in place for years, implementation of measures to achieve this seems to be difficult, especially in medicine, and is associated with great reservations and problems on the part of those involved. METHODS By means of an online survey, the medical mid-level staff from university and peripheral hospitals was questioned on topics related to family, children and professional biographical as well as career-relevant topics and subsequently analyzed on a gender-specific basis. RESULTS Of the study participants, 65.1% were married and already had children or expressed a desire to have children (86.0%). Most were employed full-time (80.8%). The majority of part-time employees were female (87.4%). For 34.6%, there was a career break of 18.5±21.3 months, 87.8% of which were taken due to pregnancy or children. Female physicians generally took significantly more parental leave than male physicians (6-12 months: females 62.2%; males 22.4%; 12 months or more: females 25.2%; males 6.6%). Family planning received little support from superiors (21.2% much to very much support) and 45.6% reported having experienced problems with their return to work or career advancement. Almost 60% of the participants did not have any specific working time models in their own hospital for employees with children who need to be cared for. CONCLUSION In order to implement a work-life balance for physicians, changes are first and foremost necessary on the part of the institutions. In addition, the respective superiors must rethink in order to enable a parallelization of these two areas of their employees' lives. However, young physicians must also rethink their view of this issue. Demanding changes in labor law while continuing traditional family constellations at home does not seem to do address this issue adequately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Sorg
- Lehrstuhl für Didaktik und Bildungsforschung im Gesundheitswesen, Fakultät für Gesundheit, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten.,Abteilung für Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Marien Hospital Witten, Witten
| | - Mahsa Bagheri
- Klinik für Plastische Chirurgie, Handchirurgie, Schwerbrandverletztenzentrum, Universität Witten/Herdecke Klinikum Köln Merheim, Köln
| | - Jan Ehlers
- Lehrstuhl für Didaktik und Bildungsforschung im Gesundheitswesen, Fakultät für Gesundheit, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten.,Lehrstuhl für Didaktik und Bildungsforschung im Gesundheitswesen, Fakultät für Gesundheit, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten
| | - Jörg Hauser
- Klinik für Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Handchirurgie, Alfried-Krupp-Krankenhaus, Essen
| | - Daniel Johannes Tilkorn
- Klinik für Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Handchirurgie, Alfried-Krupp-Krankenhaus, Essen
| | - Irini Helena Leifeld
- Klinik für Plastisch-rekonstruktive, Ästhetische und Handchirurgie, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel
| | - PaulChristian Fuchs
- Klinik für Plastische Chirurgie, Handchirurgie, Schwerbrandverletztenzentrum, Universität Witten/Herdecke Klinikum Köln Merheim, Köln
| | - Christian Günter Georg Sorg
- Lehrstuhl für Management und Innovation im Gesundheitswesen, Fakultät für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten
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Fuchs P, Coulibaly L, Reiter GS, Schmidt-Erfurth U. [Artificial intelligence in the management of anti-VEGF treatment: the Vienna fluid monitor in clinical practice]. Ophthalmologe 2022; 119:520-524. [PMID: 35420354 PMCID: PMC9076706 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Der Vienna Fluid Monitor ist ein künstlicher Intelligenz(KI)-Algorithmus zur präzisen Lokalisation und Quantifizierung von retinaler Flüssigkeit. Der Algorithmus soll Klinikern und Klinikerinnen helfen, objektive und genaue Behandlungsentscheidungen bei der antivaskulären endothelialen Wachstumsfaktor(Anti-VEGF)-Therapie von Patienten mit neovaskulärer altersbedingter Makuladegeneration zu treffen. Ziel der Implementierung ist die Optimierung der Patientensicherheit, die Erhaltung der Sehleistung und gleichzeitig die Behandlungslast für das Gesundheitssystem und die Patienten zu verringern.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fuchs
- Vienna Clinical Trial Center (VTC), Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde und Optometrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - L Coulibaly
- Vienna Clinical Trial Center (VTC), Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde und Optometrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - G S Reiter
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Ophthalmic Image Analysis, Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde und Optometrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - U Schmidt-Erfurth
- Vienna Clinical Trial Center (VTC), Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde und Optometrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich. .,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Ophthalmic Image Analysis, Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde und Optometrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich.
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Fuchs P, Czech I, Fuchs A, Sikora J. Use of neutral argon plasma in the treatment of endometriosis initial findings. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2019. [DOI: 10.12891/ceog4689.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Toell T, Mayer L, Pechlaner R, Krebs S, Willeit K, Lang C, Boehme C, Prantl B, Knoflach M, Ferrari J, Fuchs P, Prokop W, Griesmacher A, Lang W, Kiechl S, Willeit J. Familial hypercholesterolaemia in patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Eur J Neurol 2017; 25:260-267. [PMID: 29053901 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Identification of patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a prerequisite for the appropriate management of their excess cardiovascular risk. It is currently unknown how many patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) are affected by FH and whether systematic screening for FH is warranted in these patients. METHODS The prevalence of a clinical diagnosis of FH was estimated in a large representative series of patients with acute ischaemic stroke or TIA (ABCD2 score ≥ 3) using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Algorithm (DLCNA; possible FH ≥3, probable/definite FH ≥6). RESULTS Out of 1054 patients included in the present analysis, 14 had probable/definite FH (1.3%; 95% confidence interval 0.6-2.0) and 107 possible FH (10.2%; 8.4-12.0) corresponding to an overall prevalence of potential FH of 11.5%. Prevalences were even higher in patients with stroke/TIA manifestation before age 55 in men or 60 in women (3.1%, 0.6-5.6; and 13.1%, 8.3-17.9) and those with a prior history of cardiovascular disease (2.6%, 0.9-4.3; and 15.1%, 11.3-18.9). Of note, in two-thirds of our patients with probable/definite and possible FH, stroke or TIA was the initial clinical disease manifestation. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of potential FH, based on clinical criteria, in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or TIA was 11.5% and that of probable/definite FH (1.3%) was similar to recently reported counts for patients with acute coronary syndrome (1.6%). FH screening using the DLCNA is feasible in clinical routine and should be considered as part of the usual diagnostic work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Toell
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Mayer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Krebs
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Barmherzige Brueder, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Lang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Barmherzige Brueder, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Boehme
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Prantl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Knoflach
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Barmherzige Brueder, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Fuchs
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - W Prokop
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Griesmacher
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - W Lang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Barmherzige Brueder, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Kremer T, Bauer M, Zahn P, Wallner C, Fuchs P, Horch RE, Schaefer DJ, Bader RD, Lehnhardt M, Reichert B, Pierer G, Hirche C, Kneser U. [Perioperative Management in Microsurgery - Consensus Statement of the German Speaking Society for Microsurgery of Peripheral Nerves and Vessels]. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2016; 48:205-11. [PMID: 27547928 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative management of microsurgery is not well standardised. Due to a lack of evidence, different regimes are established in different microsurgical centres. However, trends towards less aggressive perioperative interventions can be identified in recent years, since treatment algorithms without systematic evidence are being progressively abandoned. The available evidence on perioperative issues, such as temperature control, fluid resuscitation, blood transfusions, application of vasodilators or - pressors, as well as anticoagulants, were discussed during the consensus conference on perioperative management at the annual meeting of the German Speaking Society for Microsurgery of Peripheral Nerves and Vessels. Common basic standards were identified and a consensus was reached that is described in the following manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kremer
- Klinik für Hand-, Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, - Schwerbrandverletztenzentrum - , BG-Klinik Ludwigshafen, Hand- und Plastische Chirurgie, Universität Heidelberg
| | - M Bauer
- Universitätsklinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensiv-, Palliativ und Schmerzmedizin, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil Bochum
| | - P Zahn
- Universitätsklinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensiv-, Palliativ und Schmerzmedizin, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil Bochum
| | - C Wallner
- Universitätsklinik für Plastische Chirurgie und Schwerbrandverletzte, Handchirurgiezentrum, Operatives Referenzzentrum für Gliedmaßentumoren, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil
| | - P Fuchs
- Klinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Handchirurgie, Schwerbrandverletztenzentrum; Kliniken Köln Merheim, Universität Witten/Herdecke
| | - R E Horch
- Plastisch- und Handchirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
| | - D J Schaefer
- Plastische, Rekonstruktive, Ästhetische Chirurgie und Handchirurgie, Universitätsspital Basel
| | - R D Bader
- Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Murnau
| | - M Lehnhardt
- Universitätsklinik für Plastische Chirurgie und Schwerbrandverletzte, Handchirurgiezentrum, Operatives Referenzzentrum für Gliedmaßentumoren, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil
| | - B Reichert
- Klinik für Plastische, Wiederherstellende und Handchirurgie, Zentrum für Schwerbrandverletzte Klinikum Nürnberg, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität
| | - G Pierer
- Universitätsklinik für Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck
| | - C Hirche
- Klinik für Hand-, Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, - Schwerbrandverletztenzentrum - , BG-Klinik Ludwigshafen, Hand- und Plastische Chirurgie, Universität Heidelberg
| | - U Kneser
- Klinik für Hand-, Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, - Schwerbrandverletztenzentrum - , BG-Klinik Ludwigshafen, Hand- und Plastische Chirurgie, Universität Heidelberg
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Knapstein J, Fuchs P, Daniel G, Darstein F, Marquardt J, Sprinzl M, Schattenberg J, Wörns MA, Lautem A, Hoppe-Lotichius M, Lang H, Galle PR, Zimmermann T. Relevance of organic cation transporter OCT1 (SLC22A1) in Diethylnitrosamine-initiated and Phenobarbital-promoted hepatocellular carcinoma in OCT3- knockout mice. Z Gastroenterol 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1397195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Klinger E, Kadri A, Sorita E, Le Guiet JL, Coignard P, Fuchs P, Leroy L, du Lac N, Servant F, Joseph PA. AGATHE: A tool for personalized rehabilitation of cognitive functions based on simulated activities of daily living. Ing Rech Biomed 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fuchs P, Wenning G. Atypische Parkinsonsyndrome – Neues aus Diagnostik und Therapie. Akt Neurol 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1331773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Fuchs
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - G. Wenning
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Österreich
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Fuchs P, Schreiner W, Wolter T, Autschbach R, Sirbu H, Pallua N. A four-muscle-flap for thoracomyoplasty in patients with sacrificed thoracodorsal vessels. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2011; 64:335-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Andreas B, Azuma Y, Bartl G, Becker P, Bettin H, Borys M, Busch I, Gray M, Fuchs P, Fujii K, Fujimoto H, Kessler E, Krumrey M, Kuetgens U, Kuramoto N, Mana G, Manson P, Massa E, Mizushima S, Nicolaus A, Picard A, Pramann A, Rienitz O, Schiel D, Valkiers S, Waseda A. Determination of the Avogadro constant by counting the atoms in a 28Si crystal. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:030801. [PMID: 21405263 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Avogadro constant links the atomic and the macroscopic properties of matter. Since the molar Planck constant is well known via the measurement of the Rydberg constant, it is also closely related to the Planck constant. In addition, its accurate determination is of paramount importance for a definition of the kilogram in terms of a fundamental constant. We describe a new approach for its determination by counting the atoms in 1 kg single-crystal spheres, which are highly enriched with the 28Si isotope. It enabled isotope dilution mass spectroscopy to determine the molar mass of the silicon crystal with unprecedented accuracy. The value obtained, NA = 6.022,140,78(18) × 10(23) mol(-1), is the most accurate input datum for a new definition of the kilogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Andreas
- PTB-Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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Wolter TP, Fuchs P, Pallua N. [Alloplastic cancellous bone replacement and fibrin glue in hand surgery]. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2010; 42:317-21. [PMID: 20827666 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1254111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alloplastic replacement of cancellous bone is being increasingly used in the clinical setting. The use in hand surgery, however, is only sparsely documented. MATERIALS AND METHODS We report about the use of micro- and macroporous biphasic calicium phosphate granulate (Tricos (®)) in combination with fibrin sealant (Tissucol (®)) in six patients undergoing surgery of the hand involving cancellous bone deficits. The indications ranged from carpal stabilisation to DIP athrodesis. Follow-up time was up to 15 months. RESULTS Because cancellous bone harvesting could be avoided, morbidity and the extent of surgery could be reduced in all patients. Healing was uneventful and the clinical course as documented by X-ray controls, toleration of physiotherapeutic exercises and stability was analogous to that of conventional surgery involving cancellous bone grafting. CONCLUSION These first results indicate that alloplastic replacement of spongiosa grafts, especially by micro- and macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate granulate can possibly be successfully used in surgery of the hand. The extent of bony remodelling still needs to be determined by further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Wolter
- Klinik für Plastische Chirurgie, Hand- u. Verbrennungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum der Medizinischen Fakultät der RWTH Aachen.
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Schreiner W, Fuchs P, Autschbach R, Pallua N, Sirbu H. Modified Technique for Thoracomyoplasty after Posterolateral Thoracotomy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 58:98-101. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1186268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kaspar F, Hollmann R, Lockhoff M, Karlsson KG, Dybbroe A, Fuchs P, Selbach N, Stein D, Schulz J. Operational generation of AVHRR-based cloud products for Europe and the Arctic at EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF). Adv Sci Res 2009. [DOI: 10.5194/asr-3-45-2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The Satelite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring has implemented a new processing environment for AVHRR-based climate monitoring products. AVHRR measurements from NOAA-17, NOAA-18 and MetOp-A are utilized to generate daily and monthly means of several cloud parameters for Europe and the Inner Arctic: Cloud fraction, cloud types, cloud phase, cloud top height, cloud optical thickness and cloud liquid water path.
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Groger A, Bozkurt A, Franke E, Hornchen H, Steinau G, Piatkowski A, Fuchs P, Pallua N. Ischaemic necrosis of small and large intestine in a 2-year-old child with 20% partial thickness burns: A case report. Burns 2005; 31:930-2. [PMID: 16199300 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2005.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Groger
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
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Kalir A, Teomy S, Amir A, Fuchs P, Lee S, Holsztynska E, Rocki W, Domino E. Additions and Corrections - N-Allyl Analogues of Phencyclidine: Chemical Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties. J Med Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jm00150a601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yakubov E, Gottlieb M, Gil S, Dinerman P, Fuchs P, Yavin E. Overexpression of genes in the CA1 hippocampus region of adult rat following episodes of global ischemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 127:10-26. [PMID: 15306117 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stress is associated with marked changes in gene expression in the hippocampus--albeit little information exists on the activation of nonabundant genes. We have examined the expression of several known genes and identified novel ones in the adult rat hippocampus after a mild, transient, hypovolemic and hypotensive, global ischemic stress. An initial differential screening using a prototype array to assess gene expression after stress followed by a suppression subtractive hybridization protocol and cDNA microarray revealed 124 nonoverlapped transcripts predominantly expressed in the CA1 rat hippocampus region in response to ischemic stress. About 78% of these genes were not detected with nonsubtracted probes. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization on these 124 transcripts confirmed the differential expression of at least 83. Most robustly expressed were gene sequences NFI-B, ATP1B1, RHOGAP, PLA2G4A, BAX, CASP3, P53, MAO-A, FRA1, HSP70.2, and NR4A1 (NUR77), as well as sequence tags of unknown function. New stress-related genes of similar functional motifs were identified, reemphasizing the importance of functional grouping in the analysis of multiple gene expression profiles. These data indicate that ischemia elicits expression of an array of functional gene clusters that may be used as an index for stress severity and a template for target therapy design.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression/physiology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Hippocampus/anatomy & histology
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- In Situ Hybridization/methods
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/genetics
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/metabolism
- Male
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
- Receptors, Steroid
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yakubov
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Heim M, Frank O, Kampmann G, Sochocky N, Pennimpede T, Fuchs P, Hunziker W, Weber P, Martin I, Bendik I. The phytoestrogen genistein enhances osteogenesis and represses adipogenic differentiation of human primary bone marrow stromal cells. Endocrinology 2004; 145:848-59. [PMID: 14605006 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the role of the phytoestrogen genistein and 17beta-estradiol in human bone marrow stromal cells, undergoing induced osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation. Profiling of estrogen receptors (ERs)-alpha, -beta1, -beta2, -beta3, -beta4, -beta5, and aromatase mRNAs revealed lineage-dependent expression patterns. During osteogenic differentiation, the osteoblast-determining core binding factor-alpha1 showed a progressive increase, whereas the adipogenic regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) was sequentially decreased. This temporal regulation of lineage-determining marker genes was strongly enhanced by genistein during the early osteogenic phase. Moreover, genistein increased alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels and activity, the osteoprotegerin:receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand gene expression ratio, and the expression of TGFbeta1. During adipogenic differentiation, down-regulation in the mRNA levels of PPARgamma and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha at d 3 and decreased lipoprotein lipase and adipsin mRNA levels at d 21 were observed after genistein treatment. This led to a lower number of adipocytes and a reduction in the size of their lipid droplets. At d 3 of adipogenesis, TGFbeta1 was strongly up-regulated by genistein in an ER-dependent manner. Blocking the TGFbeta1 pathway abolished the effects of genistein on PPARgamma protein levels and led to a reduction in the proliferation rate of precursor cells. Overall, genistein enhanced the commitment and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to the osteoblast lineage but did not influence the late osteogenic maturation markers. Adipogenic differentiation and maturation, on the other hand, were reduced by genistein (and 17beta-estradiol) via an ER-dependent mechanism involving autocrine or paracrine TGFbeta1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heim
- Human Nutrition and Health, Research and Development, Roche Vitamins Ltd., VFHF, 205/219A, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Shantz J, Heim M, Kampmann G, Sochocky N, Fuchs P, Schweitzer CH, Weber P, Lundstrom K, Hunziker W, Bendik I. A spin-column procedure for estrogen receptor equilibrium and competition binding analysis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2002; 22:497-507. [PMID: 12503637 DOI: 10.1081/rrs-120014617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors, members of the nuclear hormone receptor family, are not only able to bind their endogenous hormone, 17beta-estradiol, but can also accommodate other naturally-occuring, non-steroidal molecules. Here, we describe a spin-column procedure to determine accurately equilibrium dissociation constants (Kds) and IC50 concentrations for estrogenic compounds. The human wild-type ERalpha was used to validate the protocol. We expressed the full-length ERalpha protein in an eukaryotic system to ensure all possible post-transcriptional modifications. The gel filtration-based assay revealed a temperature-dependent Kd shift for ERalpha. At physiological conditions (150 mM salt, 37 degrees C) we determined the 17beta-estradiol Kd for ERalpha to be 281 +/- 13 pmol/L. Positive cooperativity was only apparent at low temperatures and diminished to zero at 37 degrees C. In homologous competition binding experiments using 17beta-estradiol, we observed fifty fold higher IC50 values than the respective Kd. This paper presents a reliable and sensitive protocol to generate saturation binding curves and heterologous competition curves to test estrogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shantz
- Roche Vitamins Ltd., Human Nutrition & Health, Research and Development, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Fuchs P, Segalas I, Toma F, Alix A. Spectroscopic structural study of the R2 repetition of the c-Myb transcription factor. J Mol Struct 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(01)00436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Automobile air bags have gained acceptance as an effective measure to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with motor vehicle accidents. As more cars have become equipped with them, new problems have been encountered that are directly attributable to the deployment of the bag itself. An increasing variety of associated injuries has been reported, including minor burns. We present two automobile drivers who were involved in front-impact crashes with air bag inflation. They sustained superficial and partial-thickness burns related to the deployment. The evaluation of these cases shows mechanisms involved in burn injuries caused by the air bag system. Most of the burns are chemical and usually attributed to sodium hydroxide in the aerosol created during deployment. Also direct thermal burns from high-temperature gases or indirect injuries due to the melting of clothing, as well as friction burns from physical contact are possible. However, the inherent risks of air bag-related burns are still outweighed by the benefits of preventing potentially life-threatening injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ulrich
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery - Burn Centre, Aachen University of Technology, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057, Aachen, Germany.
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Brassart B, Fuchs P, Huet E, Alix AJ, Wallach J, Tamburro AM, Delacoux F, Haye B, Emonard H, Hornebeck W, Debelle L. Conformational dependence of collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1) up-regulation by elastin peptides in cultured fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:5222-7. [PMID: 11084020 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003642200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have established that treatment of cultured human skin fibroblasts with tropoelastin or with heterogenic peptides, obtained after organo-alkaline or leukocyte elastase hydrolysis of insoluble elastin, induces a high expression of pro-collagenase-1 (pro-matrix metalloproteinase-1 (pro-MMP-1)). The identical effect was achieved after stimulation with a VGVAPG synthetic peptide, reflecting the elastin-derived domain known to bind to the 67-kDa elastin-binding protein. This clearly indicated involvement of this receptor in the described phenomenon. This notion was further reinforced by the fact that elastin peptides-dependent MMP-1 up-regulation has not been demonstrated in cultures preincubated with 1 mm lactose, which causes shedding of the elastin-binding protein and with pertussis toxin, which blocks the elastin-binding protein-dependent signaling pathway involving G protein, phospholipase C, and protein kinase C. Moreover, we demonstrated that diverse peptides maintaining GXXPG sequences can also induce similar cellular effects as a "principal" VGVAPG ligand of the elastin receptor. Results of our biophysical studies suggest that this peculiar consensus sequence stabilizes a type VIII beta-turn in several similar, but not identical, peptides that maintain a sufficient conformation to be recognized by the elastin receptor. We have also established that GXXPG elastin-derived peptides, in addition to pro-MMP-1, cause up-regulation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-3 (pro-stromelysin 1). Furthermore, we found that the presence of plasmin in the culture medium activated these MMP proenzymes, leading to a consequent degradation of collagen substrate. Our results may be, therefore, relevant to pathobiology of inflammation, in which elastin-derived peptides bearing the GXXPG conformation (created after leukocyte-dependent proteolysis) bind to the elastin receptor of local fibroblasts and trigger signals leading to expression and activation of MMP-1 and MMP-3, which in turn exacerbate local connective tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Brassart
- UPRES-A CNRS 6021, IFR53 Biomolécules, Faculties of Sciences and Medicine, IFR53 Biomolécules, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims, 51687 Reims, France
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Lustig S, Halevy M, Fuchs P, Ben-Nathan D, Lachmi BE, Kobiler D, Israeli E, Olshevsky U. Can West Nile virus outbreaks be controlled? Isr Med Assoc J 2000; 2:733-7. [PMID: 11344722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Lustig
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
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Greulich KM, Kreja L, Heinze B, Rhein AP, Weier HG, Brückner M, Fuchs P, Molls M. Rapid detection of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells by mFISH. Mutat Res 2000; 452:73-81. [PMID: 10894893 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(00)00057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Structural chromosome aberrations (SCAs) are sensitive indicators of a preceding exposure of the hematopoietic system to ionizing radiation. Cytogenetic investigations have therefore become routine tools for an assessment of absorbed radiation doses and their biological effects after occupational exposure or radiation accidents. Due to its speed and ease of use, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome painting (WCP) probes has become a method of choice to visualize SCAs. Until recently, this technique was limited to a rather small number of chromosomes, which could be tested simultaneously. As a result, only a fraction of the structural aberrations present in a sample could be detected and the overall dose effect had to be calculated by extrapolation. The recent introduction of two genome-wide screening techniques in tumor research, i.e., Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) and multicolor FISH (mFISH) now allows the detection of translocations involving any two non-homologous chromosomes. The present study was prompted by our desire to bring the power of mFISH to bear for the rapid identification of radiation-induced SCAs. We chose two model systems to investigate the utility of mFISH: lymphocytes that were exposed in vitro to 3 Gy photons and single hematopoietic progenitor cell colonies isolated from a Chernobyl victim 9 years after in vivo exposure to 5.4 Sv.In lymphocytes, we found up to 15 different chromosomes involved in rearrangements indicating complex radiation effects. Stable aberrations detected in hematopoietic cell colonies, on the other hand, showed involvement of up to three different chromosomes. These results demonstrated that mFISH is a rapid and powerful approach to detect and characterize radiation-induced SCAs in the hemopoietic system. The application of mFISH is expected to result in a more detailed and, thus, more informative picture of radiation effects. Eventually, this technique will allow researchers to rapidly delineate chromosomal breakpoints and facilitate the identification of the genes involved in radiation tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Greulich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
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Fuchs P, Zörer M, Rezniczek GA, Spazierer D, Oehler S, Castañón MJ, Hauptmann R, Wiche G. Unusual 5' transcript complexity of plectin isoforms: novel tissue-specific exons modulate actin binding activity. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8:2461-72. [PMID: 10556294 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.13.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plectin, the most versatile cytolinker identified to date, has essential functions in maintaining the mechanical integrity of skin, skeletal muscle and heart, as indicated by analyses of plectin-deficient mice and humans. Expression of plectin in a vast variety of tissues and cell types, combined with a large number of different binding partners identified at the molecular level, calls for complex mechanisms regulating gene transcription and expression of the protein. To investigate these mechanisms, we analyzed the transcript diversity and genomic organization of the murine plectin gene and found a remarkable complexity of its 5'-end structure. An unusually high number of 14 alternatively spliced exons, 11 of them directly splicing into plectin exon 2, were identified. Analysis of their tissue distribution revealed that expression of a few of them is restricted to tissues such as brain, or skeletal muscle and heart. In addition, we found two short exons tissue-specifically spliced into a highly conserved set of exons encoding the N-terminal actin binding domain (ABD), common to plectin and the superfamily of spectrin/dystrophin-type actin binding proteins. Using recombinant proteins we show that a novel ABD version contained in the muscle-specific isoform of plectin exhibits significantly higher actin binding activity than other splice forms. This fine tuning mechanism based on alternative splicing is likely to optimize the proposed biological role of plectin as a cytolinker opposing intense mechanical forces in tissues like striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fuchs
- Vienna Biocenter, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
After administering [17-D(2)]GA(20) to Phaseolus coccineus L. cv. Preisgewinner seedlings, [17-D(2)]GA(20)-O-glucoside was identified by liquid chromatography (LC)/ESI-tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Likewise, by LC/ESI-tandem MS the metabolic formation of [17-D(2)]GA(20) glucosyl ester was established. The application of both [17-D(2)]-labeled GA(20) 13-O-glucoside and GA(20) glucosyl ester to Phaseolus coccineus L. seedlings resulted in free [17-D(2)]GA(20) by gas chromatography/MS. The results demonstrate that conjugation of GA(20) and the reconversion of the glucosyl conjugates are concomitant processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schneider
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/S., Germany
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Goldmann C, Ghofrani A, Hafemann B, Fuchs P, Khorram-Seffat R, Afify M, Küpper W, Pallua N. Combination anesthesia with ketamine and pentobarbital: a long-term porcine model. Res Exp Med (Berl) 1999; 199:35-50. [PMID: 10494673 DOI: 10.1007/s004330050131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anesthesia of the pig poses great problems for experimental animal-based research and particularly in shock research. In this study, five mechanically ventilated domestic pigs were given long-term anesthesia with a combination of ketamine plus pentobarbital. Circulatory parameters were recorded every 2 h via an arterial catheter placed in the right common carotid artery, a Swan-Gans thermodilution catheter (7F), that was placed in the pulmonary artery of the right middle-lobe in a wedge position through the external jugular vein, and another catheter in the internal jugular vein for measuring central venous pressure. Moreover, body weight, blood gases, pH, blood cells, electrolytes and serum enzymes were measured. Further serum traits as total protein and glucose and pathological alterations in different organs were recorded. The animals were observed for a period of 96 h and then killed painlessly. It was shown that pigs can survive 96-h anesthesia with the combination of ketamine and pentobarbital. Optimum, carefully controlled anesthesia did not impair the integrity of the regulatory mechanisms of circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Goldmann
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, The Technical University of Aachen, Germany
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Fuchs P, Haefeli WE, Ledermann HR, Wenk M. Xanthine oxidase inhibition by allopurinol affects the reliability of urinary caffeine metabolic ratios as markers for N-acetyltransferase 2 and CYP1A2 activities. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 54:869-76. [PMID: 10027663 DOI: 10.1007/s002280050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the in vivo effect of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition by allopurinol on the determination of polymorphic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) with urinary caffeine metabolic ratios. METHODS In an open, prospective study involving 21 healthy subjects (eight fast, 13 slow NAT2 acetylators) allopurinol (300 mg perday) was administered orally on trial days 1-8, followed by a wash-out period of 8 days. Urinary caffeine tests (200 mg caffeine p.o.) were performed repetitively. Urine was collected for 8 h and venous blood samples for the determination of allopurinol, oxypurinol and uric acid were drawn. The urinary caffeine metabolites 1-methyluric acid (1MU), 1-methylxanthine (1MX), 1,7-dimethyluric acid (17MU), 1,7-dimethylxanthine (17MX), 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU), plasma allopurinol and oxypurinol were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS During XO inhibition by allopurinol, the formation of 1MU from 1MX and therefore the XO ratio 1MU/1MX decreased to 15.9 (1.2)% [mean with (SEM)] of baseline values (P < 0.005). The NAT2 ratio AFMU/1MX decreased likewise to 56.7 (6.3)% (P < 0.005). AFMU/(AFMU + 1MX + 1MU), an alternative NAT2 ratio, remained constant, but the CYP1A2 ratio (AFMU + 1MX + 1MU)/17MU, used to express CYP1A2 activity, transiently increased to 167 (13)% (P < 0.005). The NAT2 phenotype did not influence CYP1A2 and XO ratios or plasma oxypurinol pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSIONS Several caffeine metabolic ratios are commonly used to express the activities of NAT2, CYP1A2 and XO both in healthy volunteers and in polymedicated patients, although their reliability has not been evaluated thoroughly during concurrent drug administration. The findings of this study suggest that NAT2 phenotyping should be performed using the ratio AFMU/(AFMU + 1MX + 1MU) if an XO inhibitor may be present. It also shows that the determination of CYP1A2 activity with caffeine as a metabolic probe is considerably altered under these conditions. Thus, concomitant drug administration may impair the robustness of multiple pathways of the complex caffeine test. This points to the need for alternative probes, designed to assess only the activity of a single enzyme because, in contrast to healthy volunteers, in patients known or unknown drug interactions may often be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fuchs
- University of Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Sovalat H, Racadot E, Hénon P, Fuchs P, Lewandowski H, Billot M. Comparative analysis of class I, II and III epitope-detecting CD34 monoclonal antibodies by quantitative flow cytometry. Hematol Cell Ther 1998; 40:259-68. [PMID: 9924925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to compare different CD34 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) belonging to three different classes: MY10 class I, QBend10 class II, a mixture of three selected MAbs class I and II designated as CD34 Pool, and 8G12 class III. Bone marrow (BM) samples from 13 healthy donors were analyzed for: 1) percentage of CD34+ cells, 2) quantitative expression of CD34 epitopes (antigen's density - AgD) using a quantitative indirect immunofluorescence (QIFI) test, 3) study of CD34+ cell subsets defined by CD34 and CD38 coexpression. 8G12 MAb showed the highest reactivity with regard to the percentage of detected CD34+ cells and AgD on these cells. A nearly identical percentage of CD34+ cells was detected with CD34 Pool, but with a lower AgD. With QBend10, the percentage of CD34 expressing cells was insignificantly decreased and the AgD was slightly lower. The expression of the MY10 epitope was the lowest and was detected on the lowest number of CD34+ cells. Concerning CD34 and CD38 coexpressing subset, we observed that 8G12 class III MAb detected CD34loCD38dim cells with comparable efficiency with MY10 class I MAb, but with significantly higher level than QBend10 class II and CD34 Pool class I+II MAbs. The CD34hiCD38dim subset was detected with the same efficiency by QBend10, CD34 Pool or 8G12 MAbs but with significantly higher frequency than MY10 MAb. IN CONCLUSION class II and III MAbs appear preferable for flow cytometric quantification of CD34+ cells; for CD34+ cell subsets determination class III MAbs should be suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sovalat
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transfusion, Hôpital du Hasenrain, Mulhouse, France
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33
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Tobisch R, Irnich W, Fuchs P, Schwarzer D. [Modification of technical medical equipment by cellular telephones]. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 1998; 42 Suppl:109-10. [PMID: 9517070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Tobisch
- Institut für Medizinische Technik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
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Fuchs P, Barry A, Brown S. Provisional quality control parameters and interpretive criteria for testing susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to quinupristin/dalfopristin (RP59500). Antimicrobial Testing Quality Control Group. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 17:197-201. [PMID: 9665303 DOI: 10.1007/bf01691118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies were undertaken to select tentative criteria for susceptibility testing of quinupristin/dalfopristin against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Against 612 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, MICs of quinupristin/dalfopristin were < or = 1.0 microg/ml for all but one strain. With a tentative MIC breakpoint of either < or = 1.0 microg/ml or < or = 2.0 microg/ml for susceptible, a disk diffusion zone diameter breakpoint of > or = 19 mm embraced all but two of the susceptible pneumococci; > or = 16 mm included all strains. For Haemophilus influenzae, MICs of quinupristin/dalfopristin clustered near the tentative breakpoints; 91.5% of the MICs were 2.0 to 8.0 microg/ml. This precluded satisfactory performance of the disk diffusion test in discriminating between resistant and susceptible isolates unless MIC breakpoints are modified for this species: clinical experience will be needed before that can be justified. Based on data from a multilaboratory study, the following quality control limits are proposed for Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 when testing quinupristin/dalfopristin: 0.25 to 1.0 microg/ml for broth microdilution tests and 19 to 24 mm for disk diffusion tests. For tests of Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 29247, MIC limits are 2.0 to 16 microg/ml; disk tests were very reproducible but are not yet recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fuchs
- The Clinical Microbiology Institute, Wilsonville, Oregon 97070, USA
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Fuchs P, Breitling F, Little M, Dübel S. Primary structure and functional scFv antibody expression of an antibody against the human protooncogen c-myc. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1997; 16:227-33. [PMID: 9219032 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1997.16.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain variable region (Vh and Vl) genes were isolated from Myc1-9E10 hybridoma cells, which secreted monoclonal antibody against human oncogen c-myc. The expression vector pOPE52-c-myc was constructed for the recombinant production in E. coli. A 30 kDa single chain fragment (scFv) expression product was found in the periplasmic space by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. A significant fraction was processed correctly as demonstrated with an antiserum recognizing the processed aminoterminus only. The specific binding of the scFv fragment to the peptide epitope of the maternal monoclonal antibody was demonstrated and the primary sequence of the variable regions was determined. Sequence comparison with previously published partial Vh and Vl sequences from this hybridoma cell line revealed a genetic heterogeneity for the light chain variable region. The potential use of this scFv as a new tool for detection and purification of tagged proteins, for adding costimulatory signals to the surface of cancer cells as well as for analyzing c-myc function in the living cell by cytoplasmic expression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fuchs
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tobisch R, Irnich W, Fuchs P, Schwarzer D. Beeinflussung Medizintechnischer Geräte durch Mobilfunk. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 1997. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1997.42.s2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Husmann MJ, Fuchs P, Truttmann AC, Laux-End R, Mullis PE, Peheim E, Bianchetti MG. Extracellular magnesium depletion in pediatric patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1997; 23:121-4. [PMID: 9252979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear whether insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is a state of magnesium depletion. This is a relevant question, since magnesium deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases that develop to an increased extent into diabetes mellitus. Total plasma magnesium was not statistically different in 76 pediatric patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (0.77 [0.73-0.81] mmol/l; median and interquartile range), 59 healthy adults (0.80 [0.77-0.83] mmol/l) and 19 healthy children (0.80 [0.78-0.83] mmol/l). In contrast, plasma ionized magnesium, the most interesting form with respect to physiological and biological properties, was significantly lower in diabetic patients (0.50 [0.48-0.53] mmol/l) when compared with healthy adults (0.53 [0.50-0.56] mmol/l; p < 0.01) and healthy children (0.54 [0.51-0.56] mmol/l; p < 0.02). Our report confirms recent findings of reduced circulating ionized magnesium but normal circulating total magnesium in adults with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Husmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Fuchs P, Petrov VN, Totland K, Landolt M. Magnetic moments in thin epitaxial Cr films on Fe(100). Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:9304-9307. [PMID: 9984664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.9304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Rode HJ, Little M, Fuchs P, Dörsam H, Schooltink H, de Inés C, Dübel S, Breitling F. Cell surface display of a single-chain antibody for attaching polypeptides. Biotechniques 1996; 21:650, 652-3, 655-6, 658. [PMID: 8891216 DOI: 10.2144/96214st02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide an efficient means of coupling proteins, peptides and other suitable moieties to cells, we have constructed a retroviral expression vector for cell surface display of a single-chain antibody (scFv) against the hapten 4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-oxazo-line-5-one (phOx). The hapten phOx can be easily conjugated to primary amino and sulfhydryl groups, thus providing points of attachment for the cell surface-bound anti-phOx scFv. This universal cell coupling system could prove to be particularly useful for anchoring monoclonal antibodies for tumor targeting and to present co-stimulatory molecules and other ligands (even mixtures) at the cell surface for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Rode
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Abstract
We assessed the therapeutic efficacy and outcome of mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) following ischemic stroke (IS) or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), retrospectively graded by patients with IS (n = 881) and ICH (n = 108) admitted to our service during 11 years, according to the severity of their clinical state and to whether we employed MV. Outcome was recorded in terms of survival and duration of MV and compared with patients with neuromuscular (NM) diseases. We found a very high in-hospital mortality in stroke patients who were treated with ventilation (90.5% for IS and 87.5% for ICH) compared with NM patients (29%). We conclude that MV in stroke patients with ARF is not life-saving, and its use should be considered only after considering other potentially important factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B el-Ad
- Department of Neurology, Elias Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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41
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Thie M, Fuchs P, Butz S, Sieckmann F, Hoschützky H, Kemler R, Denker HW. Adhesiveness of the apical surface of uterine epithelial cells: the role of junctional complex integrity. Eur J Cell Biol 1996; 70:221-32. [PMID: 8832206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryo implantation necessitates that the apical plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells acquires adhesiveness. Recent studies have indicated that modulation of a major element of the epithelial phenotype, i.e. apical-basal cell polarity, might be critical in this respect. Here, we analyze polar characteristics of nonadhesive vs. adhesive uterine epithelial cell lines focusing on cytoskeletal-junctional interactions that may play a role in regulating adhesiveness of the apical plasma membrane. HEC-1-A is a human uterine epithelial cell line exhibiting nonadhesive properties of its apical surface for trophoblast, whereas RL95-2 represent another such cell line exhibiting adhesive properties enabling trophoblast attachment. Homotypic intercellular contacts and functionally related proteins, i.e. ZO-1, E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, plakoglobin, and desmoplakin 1, were examined by transmission electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and immunoprecipitation techniques. In addition, details of actin filament architecture were studied after phalloidin labeling. While nonadhesive HEC-1-A exhibited the well-known pattern of cell-to-cell contacts of polarized epithelial cells, adhesive RL95-2 showed a lack of ZO-1 expression, tracer leakiness of the paracellular pathway, and atypical features in adherens junctions: E-cadherin, alpha-catenin and plakoglobin were colocalized in all plasma membrane domains and beta-catenin was localized in lateral membrane domains. Immunoprecipitations showed in both cell lines the presence of two different E-cadherin-catenin complexes, one composed of E-cadherin, alpha-catenin and beta-catenin, and the other of E-cadherin, alpha-catenin and plakoglobin. Concerning RL95-2 these data indicate that E-cadherin/plakoglobin complexes are randomly distributed, whereas E-cadherin/beta-catenin complexes are laterally localized in these cells. Additionally, the actin-based cytoskeleton of RL95-2 lacked a polar organization. With respect to the intermediate filament-desmosome system, both cell types expressed desmoplakin I, but the vast majority of RL95-2 lacked well-formed desmosomes as demonstrated by electron microscopy. It is concluded that modulation of tight junctions and/or remodelling of adherens junctions, e.g. differential distribution of E-cadherin/plakoglobin complexes and E-cadherin/beta-catenin complexes, are correlated with the development of apical adhesiveness of human uterine epithelial cells. This model system should allow to test experimentally whether this correlation is due to any causal function in the development of epithelial cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thie
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Essen Medical School, germany
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42
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Fuchs P, Weichel W, Dübel S, Breitling F, Little M. Separation of E. coli expressing functional cell-wall bound antibody fragments by FACS. Immunotechnology 1996; 2:97-102. [PMID: 9373318 DOI: 10.1016/1380-2933(96)85197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid development of recombinant antibody technology in the last few years has facilitated the generation of antibody libraries in bacteria. Recombinant antibodies against various antigens have been selected from these libraries by presenting each antibody on the surface of a phagemid particle that contains the antibody's gene. An alternative screening system is the display of antibody fragments on bacteria. A major advantage is the possibility to select single cells directly from a large number of bacteria by using fluorescently labeled antigens and fluorescence assisted cell sorting (FACS). OBJECTIVES pAP is an expression vector for the bacterial display of antibody fragments. E. coli transformed with pAP express a single chain antibody (scFv) fused to the peptidoglycan-associated-lipoprotein (PAL). This fusion protein binds strongly to the cell wall. To employ this system for screening, we have investigated the possibility of selecting antigen-specific clones by FACS. STUDY DESIGN AND RESULTS Several DNA fragments coding for various scFvs were inserted into the pAP expression vector. E. coli were transformed with these plasmids and immunostained with fluorescent antigens under given conditions. We were able to select stained E. coli expressing a specific scFv from unstained E. coli expressing a non-binding scFv by FACS. The specific selection of the bacteria was demonstrated by amplifying their genes by PCR. CONCLUSIONS Conditions are described for separating E. coli containing scFv bound to their cell wall by FACS using fluorescently labeled antigens. These studies provide a basis for screening libraries of scFv antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fuchs
- Recombinant Antibody Research Group, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
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43
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Fuchs P, Totland K, Landolt M. Induced magnetization in thin epitaxial V films on Fe (100). Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:9123-9126. [PMID: 9982413 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.9123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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44
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Thie M, Fuchs P, Denker HW. Epithelial cell polarity and embryo implantation in mammals. Int J Dev Biol 1996; 40:389-93. [PMID: 8735953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
At embryo implantation we are confronted with the fact that uterine and trophoblast epithelium make contact via their apical cell membranes. This epithelium-epithelium adhesion leading to definitive attachment of the embryo to the uterine wall, however, is far from being trivial and has been called a cell biological paradox. It has been proposed that some of the molecular events involved in epithelium-to-mesenchyme transformation might play a role in the interaction between uterine cells and trophoblast. As a mechanism to achieve uterine epithelium adhesiveness for trophoblast it is postulated that uterine cells partially modulate their epithelial phenotype. Data from recent in vitro experiments give support to this hypothesis and suggest that loss of apical-basal cell polarity might prepare the apical cell pole of uterine epithelium for cell-to-cell contact with trophoblast in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thie
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Essen, Medical School, Germany
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45
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Katz D, Lehrer S, Galan O, Lachmi B, Cohen S, Inbar I, Samina I, Peleg B, Heller D, Yadin H, Chai D, Freeman E, Schupper H, Fuchs P. Unique immunomodulating properties of dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA) in experimental viral vaccines. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996; 397:115-25. [PMID: 8718590 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1382-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Katz
- Department of Virology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona
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46
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Abegg R, Abela R, Boudard A, Briscoe W, Clajus M, Durand J, Efendiev A, Fabbro B, Fuchs P, Garçon M, Lytkin L, Mayer B, Morrison T, Nefkens BM, Nikulin V, Pillot J, Tomasi-Gustafsson E, White D. Direct measurement of the branching ratio for the decay of the eta meson into two photons. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1996; 53:11-19. [PMID: 10019768 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.53.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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47
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Abstract
A potentially vast pool of human antibodies with novel specificities for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes can be generated in Escherichia coli. Antibodies to infectious agents have already been isolated by amplifying the heavy and light chain repertoires of donor lymphocytes and they have even been rescued many years after the initial infection from memory cells cultivated in SCID mice. Eventually, however, the creation of extremely large and diverse libraries from the naive antibody repertoire of unactivated B lymphocytes or by gene synthesis using random oligonucleotides for the hypervariable regions could provide a rapid means of obtaining human antibodies to any particular antigen. An important breakthrough for exploiting the potential size and diversity of these libraries has been the development of systems for the surface display of antibodies that are physically linked to their own genes. This allows large numbers of clones to be screened simultaneously and antibodies with affinities of up to 10(8) M-1 have already been obtained using these vectors. It seems quite feasible, therefore, that antibodies with affinities approaching those obtained in the secondary immune response can be obtained by systematically optimizing the strategies for making antibody libraries. Furthermore, it might be possible to establish extremely large antibody repertoires in E. coli by the in vivo recombination of phage and plasmid antibody libraries. The affinity of the selected antibodies could be increased by chain shuffling or random mutagenesis followed by several rounds of selection under increasingly stringent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Little
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg
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48
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Hayashi N, Kipriyanov S, Fuchs P, Welschof M, Dörsam H, Little M. A single expression system for the display, purification and conjugation of single-chain antibodies. Gene X 1995; 160:129-30. [PMID: 7628706 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00218-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To facilitate the purification and conjugation of single-chain antibodies (scFv) selected from a phage display library, we have incorporated His6, an amber stop codon and a C-terminal Cys into a surface expression vector. The vector also contains a lacIq gene for improving the efficiency of regulation and a sequence coding for a marker peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hayashi
- Recombinant Antibody Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg
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49
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Sewell D, Barry A, Allen S, Fuchs P, McLaughlin J, Pfaller M. Comparative antimicrobial activities of the penem WY-49605 (SUN5555) against recent clinical isolates from five U.S. medical centers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:1591-5. [PMID: 7492110 PMCID: PMC162787 DOI: 10.1128/aac.39.7.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of WY-49605 (SUN5555) (WY) was compared with those of cefaclor, cefixime, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid against 2,958 consecutive clinical isolates from five medical centers and 402 respiratory pathogens from 18 other facilities. Most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by WY (MIC at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited [MIC50], < or = 2.0 micrograms/ml). MIC90s of > or = 8.0 micrograms/ml were observed for Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia spp., and Proteus mirabilis. WY was the most active drug against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MIC90, 0.12 microgram/ml) and other coagulase-negative staphylococci (MIC90, 4.0 micrograms/ml). The four drugs were not active against nonenteric gram-negative bacilli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. At 2.0 micrograms/ml, WY inhibited 82% of Enterococcus faecalis strains and was equal to or superior to the other drugs against streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sewell
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
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50
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Thie M, Harrach-Ruprecht B, Sauer H, Fuchs P, Albers A, Denker HW. Cell adhesion to the apical pole of epithelium: a function of cell polarity. Eur J Cell Biol 1995; 66:180-91. [PMID: 7774604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human uterine epithelium displays a distinct polarized organization with apical, lateral, and basal plasma membrane domains. Although non-adhesive throughout most of the menstrual cycle, epithelial cells allow attachment of trophoblast cells to their apical pole during embryo implantation. A recent hypothesis postulates that epithelial cells turn off genes for apical-basal polarity and turn on genes for a more mesenchyme-like phenotype allowing cell-cell interaction with trophoblast. Using an in vitro assay human uterine cell lines (RL95-2, HEC-1-A, AN3-CA) were selected on the basis of adhesiveness for trophoblast-type cells (JAR). Subsequently, uterine cells were examined for epithelium-specific ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy, and for the expression of E-cadherin, alpha 6-, beta 1-, beta 4-integrin subunits and cytokeratin using immunocytochemistry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and surface replication technique. HEC-1-A monolayers are non-adhesive for JAR cells and appear highly polarized expressing E-cadherin, alpha 6-, beta 1-, beta 4-integrin subunits, and cytokeratin. Both, integrins and E-cadherin, are present at the lateral membrane. RL95-2 monolayers which are adhesive for JAR cells appear non-polarized. Like HEC-1-A cells, RL95-2 cells express E-cadherin, alpha 6-, beta 1-, and beta 4-integrin subunits, and cytokeratin. In contrast to HEC-1-A cells, integrins and E-cadherin are distributed at the entire cell surface. AN3-CA monolayers are non-adhesive for JAR cells and appear non-polarized. Cells lack epithelial-specific markers such as keratin and E-cadherin. They show only low expression of alpha 6-, beta 1-integrin subunits and lack beta 4-integrin subunit. Conversely, they express vimentin. Thus, modulation of the epithelial phenotype of uterine cells, i.e. loss of apical-basal polarity, might prepare the apical cell pole for cell-cell interaction with trophoblast. However, loss of cell polarity would not lead to enhancement of adhesiveness for trophoblast if accompanied by a loss of epithelium-specific adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thie
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Essen, Medical School, Germany
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