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Li JK, Jiang XL, Zhang Z, Chen WQ, Peng JJ, Liu B, Zhu PL, Yung KKL. Isoalantolactone exerts anti-melanoma effects via inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 signaling in cell and mouse models. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38526171 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although the anti-cancer activity of isoalantolactone (IATL) has been extensively studied, the anti-melanoma effects of IATL are still unknown. Here, we have investigated the anti-melanoma effects and mechanism of action of IATL. MTT and crystal violet staining assays were performed to detect the inhibitory effect of IATL on melanoma cell viability. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by IATL were examined using flow cytometry. The molecular mechanism of IATL was explored by Western blotting, confocal microscope analysis, molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). A B16F10 allograft mouse model was constructed to determine the anti-melanoma effects of IATL in vivo. The results showed that IATL exerted anti-melanoma effects in vitro and in vivo. IATL induced cytoprotective autophagy in melanoma cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Moreover, IATL inhibited STAT3 activation both in melanoma cells and allograft tumors not only by binding to the SH2 domain of STAT3 but also by suppressing the activity of its upstream kinase Src. These findings demonstrate that IATL exerts anti-melanoma effects via inhibiting the STAT3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, and provides a pharmacological basis for developing IATL as a novel phytotherapeutic agent for treating melanoma clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kui Li
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Li Jiang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhu Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen-Qing Chen
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun-Jie Peng
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ken-Kin-Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
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Zhu PL, Li JK, Jiang XL, Zhang SQ, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Chen WQ, Yung KKL. A traditional prescription comprising Astragali Radix and Schisandra chinensis Fructus induces apoptosis and protective autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 312:116548. [PMID: 37100264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a growing challenge to global health efforts. The 5-year survival rate of HCC patients is still dismal. A traditional prescription Qi-Wei-Wan (QWW) comprising Astragali Radix and Schisandra chinensis Fructus has traditionally been used for HCC treatment according to traditional Chinese medicine theory, but the pharmacological basis is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the anti-HCC effects of an ethanolic extract of QWW (hereafter, QWWE) and the mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS An UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method was developed to control the quality of QWWE. Two human HCC cell lines (HCCLM3 and HepG2) and a HCCLM3 xenograft mouse model were employed to investigate the anti-HCC effects of QWWE. The anti-proliferative effect of QWWE in vitro was determined by MTT, colony formation and EdU staining assays. Apoptosis and protein levels were examined by flow cytometry and Western blotting, respectively. Nuclear presence of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was examined by immunostaining. Transient transfection of pEGFP-LC3 and STAT3C plasmids was performed to assess autophagy and determine the involvement of STAT3 signaling in QWWE's anti-HCC effects, respectively. RESULTS We found that QWWE inhibited the proliferation of and triggered apoptosis in HCC cells. Mechanistically, QWWE inhibited the activation of SRC and STAT3 at Tyr416 and Tyr705, respectively; inhibited the nuclear translocation of STAT3; lowered Bcl-2 protein levels, while increased Bax protein levels in HCC cells. Over-activating STAT3 attenuated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of QWWE in HCC cells. Moreover, QWWE induced autophagy in HCC cells by inhibiting mTOR signaling. Blocking autophagy with autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine and chloroquine) enhanced the cytotoxicity, apoptotic effect and the inhibitory effect on STAT3 activation of QWWE. Intragastric administration of QWWE at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg potently repressed tumor growth and inhibited STAT3 and mTOR signaling in tumor tissues, but did not significantly affect mouse body weight. CONCLUSION QWWE exhibited potent anti-HCC effects. Inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in QWWE-mediated apoptosis, while blocking mTOR signaling contributes to QWWE-mediated autophagy induction. Blockade of autophagy enhanced the anti-HCC effects of QWWE, indicating that the combination of an autophagy inhibitor and QWWE might be a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC management. Our findings provide pharmacological justifications for the traditional use of QWW in treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Zhu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Li Jiang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi-Qing Zhang
- Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Qing Chen
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken-Kin-Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
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Li JK, Zhu PL, Wang Y, Jiang XL, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Yung KKL. Gracillin exerts anti-melanoma effects in vitro and in vivo: role of DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy. Phytomedicine 2023; 108:154526. [PMID: 36334389 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is an aggressive cancer. Gracillin has been reported to treat various types of cancer, such as colorectal and lung cancer. However, there is a paucity of research on the anti-melanoma effects of gracillin. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the anti-melanoma effects and mechanisms of action of gracillin in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Cell viability was detected using MTT and crystal violet staining assays. Cell proliferation was examined by EdU staining assays. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Autophagic flux was monitored under a confocal microscope. Protein levels were determined by immunoblotting. LY294002 and rapamycin (Rapa) were used to determine the involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in gracillin-mediated autophagy. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was overactivated to explore the contribution of the STAT3 signaling pathway in the anti-melanoma effects of gracillin. A B16F10 allograft mouse model was developed to evaluate the anti-melanoma effects of gracillin in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated that in melanoma cells, gracillin inhibited proliferation, induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, evoked apoptosis, and triggered autophagic cell death. Gracillin induced DNA damage in melanoma cells. Moreover, it suppressed the phosphorylation/activation of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and 4E-BP1 in melanoma cells. Inhibiting PI3K/AKT and mTOR activity using LY294002 and Rapa, respectively, increased the protein level of LC3B-II in gracillin-treated melanoma cells. Furthermore, gracillin downregulated the protein levels of p-JAK2 (Tyr1007/1008), p-Src (Tyr416), and p-STAT3 (Tyr705) in melanoma cells. Over-expression of STAT3 in A375 cells significantly mitigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of gracillin. In vivo studies showed that gracillin (1 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally for 16 consecutive days) suppressed B16F10 tumor growth and Src/STAT3 and AKT/mTOR signaling in tumors. No overt toxicity was observed in mice. CONCLUSION Induction of DNA damage, inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and suppression of STAT3 signaling are involved in gracillin-mediated cell cycle arrest, autophagic cell death and apoptosis, respectively, in melanoma cells. These findings provide novel insights into the anti-melanoma molecular mechanisms of gracillin, and suggest a potential role of gracillin in melanoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kui Li
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Li Jiang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhu Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken-Kin-Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences (GMCNS), HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Pan SY, Nie Q, Tai HC, Song XL, Tong YF, Zhang LJF, Wu XW, Lin ZH, Zhang YY, Ye DY, Zhang Y, Wang XY, Zhu PL, Chu ZS, Yu ZL, Liang C. Tea and tea drinking: China's outstanding contributions to the mankind. Chin Med 2022; 17:27. [PMID: 35193642 PMCID: PMC8861626 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tea trees originated in southwest China 60 million or 70 million years ago. Written records show that Chinese ancestors had begun drinking tea over 3000 years ago. Nowadays, with the aging of populations worldwide and more people suffering from non-communicable diseases or poor health, tea beverages have become an inexpensive and fine complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy. At present, there are 3 billion people who like to drink tea in the world, but few of them actually understand tea, especially on its development process and the spiritual and cultural connotations. Methods We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, CNKI, and other relevant platforms with the key word “tea”, and reviewed and analyzed tea-related literatures and pictures in the past 40 years about tea’s history, culture, customs, experimental studies, and markets. Results China is the hometown of tea, tea trees, tea drinking, and tea culture. China has the oldest wild and planted tea trees in the world, fossil of a tea leaf from 35,400,000 years ago, and abundant tea-related literatures and art works. Moreover, tea may be the first Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) used by Chinese people in ancient times. Tea drinking has many benefits to our physical health via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-regulatory, anticancer, cardiovascular-protective, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity activities. At the moment, COVID-19 is wreaking havoc across the globe and causing severe damages to people’s health and lives. Tea has anti-COVID-19 functions via the enhancement of the innate immune response and inhibition of viral growth. Besides, drinking tea can allow people to acquire a peaceful, relaxed, refreshed and cheerful enjoyment, and even longevity. According to the meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine, different kinds of tea can activate different meridian systems in the human body. At present, black tea (fermented tea) and green tea (non-fermented tea) are the most popular in the world. Black tea accounts for over 90% of all teas sold in western countries. The world’s top-grade black teas include Qi Men black in China, Darjeeling and Assam black tea in India, and Uva black tea in Sri Lanka. However, all top ten famous green teas in the world are produced in China, and Xi Hu Long Jing tea is the most famous among all green teas. More than 700 different kinds of components and 27 mineral elements can be found in tea. Tea polyphenols and theaflavin/thearubigins are considered to be the major bioactive components of black tea and green tea, respectively. Overly strong or overheated tea liquid should be avoided when drinking tea. Conclusions Today, CAM provides an array of treatment modalities for the health promotion in both developed and developing countries all over the world. Tea drinking, a simple herb-based CAM therapy, has become a popular man-made non-alcoholic beverage widely consumed worldwide, and it can improve the growth of economy as well. Tea can improve our physical and mental health and promote the harmonious development of society through its chemical and cultural elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Pan
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China. .,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Qu Nie
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Hai-Chuan Tai
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Lan Song
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Fan Tong
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Long-Jian-Feng Zhang
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Wei Wu
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhao-Heng Lin
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Yu Zhang
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Du-Yun Ye
- School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhu-Sheng Chu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China. .,EnKang Pharmaceuticals (Guangzhou) Ltd, Guangzhou, China.
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Pan SY, Zhang Y, Song XL, Lin ZH, Yu Q, Tai HC, Luo G, Wang XY, Zhu PL, Sun N, Chu ZS, Yu ZL, Ko KM, Zhang Y. Schisandrae Fructus oil-induced elevation in serum triglyceride and lipoprotein concentrations associated with physiologic hepatomegaly in mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.335694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zhu PL, Lam DF, Li JK, Fu XQ, Yin CL, Chou JY, Wang YP, Liu YX, Chen YJ, Wu JY, Wu Y, Bai JX, Liang C, Yu ZL. Gomisin N Exerts Anti-liver Cancer Effects and Regulates PI3K-Akt and mTOR-ULK1 Pathways in Vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1267-1271. [PMID: 32741948 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is a lethal cancer. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver cancer. Gomisin N (GN), a lignan isolated from the dried fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turca.) Baill., has been reported to reduce viability of, and induce apoptosis in, HepG2 liver cancer cells. In preadipocytes, GN was found to inhibit Akt activity. In the present study, Akt signaling-related anti-liver cancer mechanisms of GN were investigated. We confirmed that GN reduces cell viability of, and triggers apoptosis in, more liver cancer cell lines. Mechanistic studies revealed that GN lowers protein levels of phospho-PI3K (p85 tyrosine (Tyr)458), phospho-Akt (serine (Ser)473), and Akt downstream molecules Mcl-1 in HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells. Meanwhile, GN activates mTOR and inhibits ULK1 (a negative downstream effector of mTOR) activities. Activation of mTOR has been reported to suppress ULK1 activity and repress autophagy. Indeed, we observed that GN inhibits autophagy in liver cancer cells. In summary, we for the first time demonstrated that GN inhibits the PI3K-Akt pathway and regulates the mTOR-ULK1 pathway in liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Zhu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education
| | - Dick Fai Lam
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education
| | - Jia-Ying Wu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education
| | - Ying Wu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education
| | | | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education
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Chen YJ, Bai L, Wu JY, Liu YX, Fu XQ, Zhu PL, Li JK, Yin CL, Chou JY, Wang YP, Wu Y, Bai JX, Yu ZL. Corrigendum to "A two-herb formula inhibits osteoclastogenesis and suppresses NF-kB and MAPK pathways" [Journal of Ethnopharmacology 252 (2020) 112,625]. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 265:113312. [PMID: 32919237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Chen
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Lu Bai
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Jia-Ying Wu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Wu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
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8
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Chen YJ, Bai L, Wu JY, Liu YX, Fu XQ, Zhu PL, Li JK, Yin CL, Chou JY, Wang YP, Wu Y, Bai JX, Yu ZL. A two-herb formula inhibits osteoclastogenesis and suppresses NF-kB and MAPK pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 252:112625. [PMID: 31991200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Chen
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Lu Bai
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Jia-Ying Wu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Wu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
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9
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Fu XQ, Liu B, Wang YP, Li JK, Zhu PL, Li T, Tse KW, Chou JY, Yin CL, Bai JX, Liu YX, Chen YJ, Yu ZL. Activation of STAT3 is a key event in TLR4 signaling-mediated melanoma progression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:246. [PMID: 32312954 PMCID: PMC7171093 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is aggressive and has a high mortality rate. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been linked to melanoma growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. However, signal transduction mediated by TLR4 for driving melanoma progression is not fully understood. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been identified as a major oncogene in melanoma progression. We found: that TLR4 expression positively correlates with activation/phosphorylation of STAT3 in human melanoma samples; that TLR4 ligands activate STAT3 through MYD88 and TRIF in melanoma cells; and that intratumoral activation of TLR4 increases STAT3 activation in the tumor and promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in mice. Further, we found that the effects mediated by activating TLR4 are weakened by suppressing STAT3 function with a dominant negative STAT3 variant in melanoma. Collectively, our work identifies STAT3 activation as a key event in TLR4 signaling-mediated melanoma progression, shedding new light on the pathophysiology of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Li
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Wing Tse
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
- JaneClare Transdermal TCM Therapy Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Wu JY, Chen YJ, Bai L, Liu YX, Fu XQ, Zhu PL, Li JK, Chou JY, Yin CL, Wang YP, Bai JX, Wu Y, Wu ZZ, Yu ZL. Chrysoeriol ameliorates TPA-induced acute skin inflammation in mice and inhibits NF-κB and STAT3 pathways. Phytomedicine 2020; 68:153173. [PMID: 31999977 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysoeriol is a flavone found in diverse dietary and medicinal herbs such as Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (the dried flower bud or newly bloomed flower of Lonicera japonica Thunb.). These herbs are commonly used for treating inflammatory diseases. Herbal extracts containing chrysoeriol have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Some of these extracts can inhibit signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in cancer cells. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether chrysoeriol has anti-inflammatory effects and whether NF-κB and STAT3 pathways are involved in the effects. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-induced ear edema mouse model and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were used to evaluate the effects of chrysoeriol. Griess reagent was used to measure the production of nitric oxide (NO). Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were employed to detect protein levels. RT-qPCR analyses were used to detect mRNA levels. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was employed to examine the pathological conditions in animal tissues. RESULTS In the mouse model, chrysoeriol ameliorated acute skin inflammation, evidenced by reduced ear thickness, ear weight and number of inflammatory cells in inflamed ear tissues. The compound lowered protein levels of phospho-p65 (Ser536), phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705), inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in mouse swollen ears. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, chrysoeriol also lowered levels of these proteins. In addition, chrysoeriol decreased the production of NO and prostaglandin E2; inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB (Ser32), p65 (Ser536) and Janus kinase 2 (Tyr1007/1008); decreased nuclear localization of p50, p65 and STAT3; and down-regulated mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α that are transcriptionally regulated by NF-κB and STAT3 in the cell model. CONCLUSION We for the first time demonstrated that chrysoeriol ameliorates TPA-induced ear edema in mice, and that inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 and IκB/p65 NF-κB pathways are involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of chrysoeriol. This study provides chemical and pharmacological justifications for the use of chrysoeriol-containing herbs in treating inflammatory diseases, and provides pharmacological groundwork for developing chrysoeriol as a novel anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Wu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng-Zhi Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; JaneClare Transdermal TCM Therapy Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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11
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Liu YX, Xu BW, Chen YJ, Fu XQ, Zhu PL, Bai JX, Chou JY, Yin CL, Li JK, Wang YP, Wu JY, Wu Y, Chan KK, Liang C, Yu ZL. Inhibiting the Src/STAT3 signaling pathway contributes to the anti-melanoma mechanisms of dioscin. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2508-2514. [PMID: 32194752 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Late stage melanoma is associated with a high mortality rate. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is currently a target for melanoma treatment as it is constitutively activated with high frequency in melanoma. Dioscin is a natural steroid saponin that is present in several medical herbs. A previous study demonstrated that dioscin inhibits STAT3 signaling in a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rat model. Furthermore, dioscin has been reported to exert anti-melanoma effects in B16 melanoma cells and a B16 allograft mouse model. The present study investigated whether inhibition of STAT3 signaling is involved in the anti-melanoma effects of dioscin. The results of the present study demonstrated that dioscin significantly decreased viability, induced apoptosis and suppressed migration of human A375 melanoma cells and murine B16F10 melanoma cells. Furthermore, dioscin inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and Src (an upstream kinase of STAT3), and downregulated mRNA levels of STAT3-targeted genes, including B-cell lymphoma-2, cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2. In addition, overexpression of STAT3 decreased the anti-proliferative effects of dioscin. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that inhibiting the Src/STAT3 signaling pathway contributes to the anti-melanoma molecular mechanisms of dioscin. These results provide further pharmacological groundwork for developing dioscin as a novel anti-melanoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Wen Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ying Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Kam-Kwan Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Chun Liang
- Enzynomics Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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12
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Su T, Wang YP, Wang XN, Li CY, Zhu PL, Huang YM, Yang ZY, Chen SB, Yu ZL. The JAK2/STAT3 pathway is involved in the anti-melanoma effects of brevilin A. Life Sci 2019; 241:117169. [PMID: 31843524 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Melanoma is lethal. Constitutively active signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been proposed as a pathogenic factor and a therapeutic target of melanoma. Brevilin A, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. et Aschers., has been shown to exert antineoplastic effects and inhibit the STAT3 pathway in nasopharyngeal, lung, prostate and breast cancer cells. This study aimed to determine whether brevilin A has anti-melanoma effects, and whether STAT3 signaling is involved in the effects. MAIN METHODS A mouse A375 xenograft model, as well as A375 and A2058 cell models were employed to assess the in vivo and in vitro anti-melanoma effects of brevilin A. A375 cells stably expressing STAT3C, a constitutively active STAT3 mutant, were used to determine the role of STAT3 signaling in brevilin A's anti-melanoma effects. KEY FINDINGS Intraperitoneal injection of brevilin A dose-dependently inhibited melanoma growth in mice and suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation in the tumors. In cultured cells, brevilin A reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis, suppressed migration and invasion, decreased protein levels of phospho-JAK2 (Y1007/1008) and phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705), and restrained STAT3 nuclear localization. STAT3 over-activation diminished brevilin A's effects on cell viability and migration. Collectively, brevilin A exerts anti-melanoma effects and these effects are at least in part attributed to the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide a pharmacological basis for developing brevilin A as a new phytotherapeutic agent against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Ning Wang
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Yu Li
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Mei Huang
- Guangzhou Caizhilin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Ye Yang
- Guangdong Institute For Drug Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Bao Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
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13
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Chen YJ, Zhu JQ, Fu XQ, Su T, Li T, Guo H, Zhu PL, Lee SKW, Yu H, Tse AKW, Yu ZL. Ribosome-Inactivating Protein α-Momorcharin Derived from Edible Plant Momordica charantia Induces Inflammatory Responses by Activating the NF-kappaB and JNK Pathways. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11120694. [PMID: 31779275 PMCID: PMC6949964 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC), a member of the ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) family, has been found in the seeds of Momordica charantia (bitter melon). α-MMC contributes a number of pharmacological activities; however, its inflammatory properties have not been well studied. Here, we aim to determine the inflammatory responses induced by recombinant α-MMC and identify the underlying mechanisms using cell culture and animal models. Recombinant α-MMC was generated in Rosetta™(DE3)pLysS and purified by the way of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) chromatography. Treatment of recombinant α-MMC at 40 μg/mL exerted sub-lethal cytotoxic effect on THP-1 monocytic cells. Transcriptional profiling revealed that various genes coding for cytokines and other proinflammatory proteins were upregulated upon recombinant α-MMC treatment in THP-1 cells, including MCP-1, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Recombinant α-MMC was shown to activate IKK/NF-κB and JNK pathways and the α-MMC-induced inflammatory gene expression could be blocked by IKKβ and JNK inhibitors. Furthermore, murine inflammatory models further demonstrated that α-MMC induced inflammatory responses in vivo. We conclude that α-MMC stimulates inflammatory responses in human monocytes by activating of IKK/NF-κB and JNK pathways, raising the possibility that consumption of α-MMC-containing food may lead to inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Chen
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Qian Zhu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Su
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sally Kin-Wah Lee
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Correspondence: (A.K.-W.T.); (Z.-L.Y.); Tel.: +86-0756-3620147 (A.K.-W.T.); +852-3411-2465 (Z.-L.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (A.K.-W.T.); (Z.-L.Y.); Tel.: +86-0756-3620147 (A.K.-W.T.); +852-3411-2465 (Z.-L.Y.)
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Liu YX, Bai JX, Li T, Fu XQ, Chen YJ, Zhu PL, Chou JY, Yin CL, Li JK, Wang YP, Wu JY, Yu ZL. MiR-let-7a/f-CCR7 signaling is involved in the anti-metastatic effects of an herbal formula comprising Sophorae Flos and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos in melanoma. Phytomedicine 2019; 64:153084. [PMID: 31514083 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasized melanoma is extremely difficult to treat. Activation of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) has been linked to melanoma metastasis. CCR7 can be directly regulated by miR-let-7. We have previously shown that an ethanolic extract of an herbal formula comprising Sophorae Flos and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (SLE) inhibits melanoma cell migration and invasion. PURPOSE In this study, we determined whether SLE suppresses melanoma metastasis, and whether regulation of miR-let-7a/f-CCR7 signaling is involved in the effect. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Small RNA sequencing was conducted to compare miRNA expression profiles of B16F10 tumors dissected from SLE-treated or untreated mice. Western blot and RT-qPCR analyses were employed to examine protein and miRNA levels, respectively. A B16F10 melanoma lung metastasis mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of SLE on melanoma metastasis. MiR-let-7a/f-knockdown and CCR7-overexpression cell models were used to investigate the involvement of miR-let-7a/f-CCR7 signaling in the anti-metastatic effects of SLE. RESULTS It was found that SLE upregulated levels of miR-let-7a/f in B16F10 melanoma tissues. SLE significantly elevated levels of miR-let-7a/f, lowered the protein level of CCR7, inhibited the phosphorylation of CCR7 downstream molecules p38 and JNK in B16F10 and A375 melanoma cells. SLE inhibited B16F10 melanoma lung metastasis in mice. SLE upregulated levels of miR-let-7a/f, and lowered protein levels of CCR7, MMP-2, MMP-9, phospho-p38 (Thr180/Tyr182) and phospho-JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) in melanoma-invaded lung tissues. Knockdown of miR-let-7a/f diminished the effects of SLE on CCR7 signaling in, and invasion of, melanoma cells. Overexpression of CCR7 lessened the effects of SLE in inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in, and the invasive capability of, melanoma cells. CONCLUSION We for the first time demonstrated that SLE inhibits melanoma metastasis in mice, and that regulation of the miR-let-7a/f-CCR7 pathway contributes to the anti-metastatic mechanisms of SLE. These findings provide a pharmacological basis for developing SLE as a modern agent for treating metastatic melanoma. Additionally and importantly, this study suggests that regulating the miR-let-7a/f-CCR7 pathway is a novel strategy for controlling melanoma metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Lonicera
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Receptors, CCR7/genetics
- Receptors, CCR7/metabolism
- Sophora/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Liu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Li
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia-Ying Wu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; JaneClare Transdermal TCM Therapy Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Zhu PL, Fu XQ, Li JK, Tse AKW, Guo H, Yin CL, Chou JY, Wang YP, Liu YX, Chen YJ, Hossen MJ, Zhang Y, Pan SY, Zhao ZJ, Yu ZL. Antrodia camphorata Mycelia Exert Anti-liver Cancer Effects and Inhibit STAT3 Signaling in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1449. [PMID: 30618745 PMCID: PMC6304454 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the major form of primary liver cancer, is a common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is constantly activated in HCC and has been proposed as a chemotherapeutic target for HCC. Antrodia camphorata (AC), a medicinal mushroom unique to Taiwan, is traditionally used for treating HCC. Whereas natural AC is scarce, cultured AC mycelia are becoming alternatives. In this study, we investigated the anti-HCC effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of an ethanolic extract of AC mycelia (EEAC), particularly exploring the involvement of STAT3 signaling in these effects. We found that EEAC reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis, and retarded migration and invasion in cultured HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Immunoblotting results showed that EEAC downregulated protein levels of phosphorylated and total STAT3 and JAK2 (an upstream kinase of STAT3) in HCC cells. Real-time PCR analyses showed that STAT3, but not JAK2, mRNA levels were decreased by EEAC. EEAC also lowered the protein level of nuclear STAT3, decreased the transcriptional activity of STAT3, and downregulated protein levels of STAT3-targeted molecules, including anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, and invasion-related proteins MMP-2 and MMP-9. Over-activation of STAT3 in HCC cells diminished the cytotoxic effects of EEAC. In SMMC-7721 cell-bearing mice, EEAC (100 mg/kg, i.g. for 18 days) significantly inhibited tumor growth. Consistent with our in vitro data, EEAC induced apoptosis and suppressed JAK2/STAT3 activation/phosphorylation in the tumors. Taken together, EEAC exerts anti-HCC effects both in vitro and in vivo; and inhibition of STAT3 signaling is, at least in part, responsible for these effects. We did not observe significant toxicity of EEAC in normal human liver-derived cells, nude mice and rats. Our results provide a pharmacological basis for developing EEAC as a safe and effective agent for HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Zhu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hui Guo
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zong-Jie Zhao
- Shenzhen Union Assets Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Zhang Y, Guo H, Cheng BCY, Su T, Fu XQ, Li T, Zhu PL, Tse KW, Pan SY, Yu ZL. Dingchuan tang essential oil inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators via suppressing the IRAK/NF-κB, IRAK/AP-1, and TBK1/IRF3 pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:2731-2748. [PMID: 30233137 PMCID: PMC6129014 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s160645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Dingchuan tang (asthma-relieving decoction), a formula of nine herbs, has been used for treating respiratory inflammatory diseases for >400 years in the People’s Republic of China. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory action of dingchuan tang is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of Dingchuan tang essential oil (DCEO) on inflammatory mediators and the underlying mechanism of action. Materials and methods DCEO was extracted by steam distillation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were used as the cell model. Production of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by the Griess test. Protein secretion and mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Protein levels were examined by Western blot. Nuclear localization of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was detected using immunofluorescence analyses. Results DCEO significantly reduced LPS-triggered production of NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and decreased protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). LPS induced upregulation of protein and mRNA levels of cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]), and chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 5 [CCL-5], and macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1α) were suppressed by DCEO treatment. Phosphorylation and nuclear protein levels of transcription factors (activator protein-1 [AP-1], NF-κB, interferon regulatory factor 3 [IRF3]) were decreased by DCEO. Protein levels of phosphorylated IκB-α, IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), TGF β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were lowered by DCEO. Moreover, degradation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and IRAK4 induced by LPS was inhibited by DCEO treatment. Conclusion Suppression of the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)/NF-κB, IRAK/AP-1 and TBK1/IRF3 pathways was associated with the inhibitory effects of DCEO on inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. This study provides a pharmacological justification for the use of dingchuan tang in managing inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, .,Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
| | - Brian Chi-Yan Cheng
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
| | - Tao Su
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
| | - Ting Li
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
| | - Kai-Wing Tse
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, .,Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, .,Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China,
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17
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Guo H, Zhang Y, Cheng BCY, Lau MY, Fu XQ, Li T, Su T, Zhu PL, Chan YC, Tse AKW, Yi T, Chen HB, Yu ZL. Comparison of the chemical profiles and inflammatory mediator-inhibitory effects of three Siegesbeckia herbs used as Herba Siegesbeckiae (Xixiancao). BMC Complement Altern Med 2018; 18:141. [PMID: 29720145 PMCID: PMC5932786 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Herba Siegesbeckiae (HS, Xixiancao in Chinese) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal herb for soothing joints. In ancient materia medica books, HS is recorded to be the aerial part of Siegesbeckia pubescens Makino (SP) which is also the only origin of HS in the 1963 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopeia (ChP). The aerial parts of Siegesbeckia orientalis L. (SO) and Siegesbeckia glabrescens Makino (SG) have been included as two additional origins for HS in each edition of ChP since 1977. However, chemical and pharmacological comparisons among these three species have not been conducted. Methods An HPLC with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method combined with similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) was developed for comparing the fingerprint chromatograms of the three species. The inhibitory effects of the three species on NO production and IL-6 secretion in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were compared. Results Fingerprint chromatograms of the three species showed different profiles, but had 13 common peaks. Results from HCA and PCA of the common peaks demonstrated that all 14 herbal samples of the three species tended to be grouped and separated species dependently. The extents of inhibition on NO production and IL-6 secretion of the three species were different, with SG being the most and SP the least potent. Conclusions Both chemical profiles and inflammatory mediator-inhibitory effects of the three species were different. These findings provide a chemical and pharmacological basis for determining whether the three species can all serve as the origins of HS.
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18
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Fu XQ, Chou JY, Li T, Zhu PL, Li JK, Yin CL, Su T, Guo H, Lee KW, Hossen MJ, Chou GX, Yu ZL. The JAK2/STAT3 pathway is involved in the anti-melanoma effects of atractylenolide I. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:201-204. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research; School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research; School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Ting Li
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research; School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research; School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research; School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research; School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Tao Su
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research; School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Hui Guo
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research; School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Kin-Wah Lee
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research; School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research; School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
| | - Gui-Xin Chou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research; School of Chinese Medicine; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong China
- Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education; Shenzhen China
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19
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Liu B, Fu XQ, Li T, Su T, Guo H, Zhu PL, Tse AKW, Liu SM, Yu ZL. Computational and experimental prediction of molecules involved in the anti-melanoma action of berberine. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 208:225-235. [PMID: 28729227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE Berberine (BBR) is a naturally occurring alkaloid compound that can be found in Chinese medicinal herbs such as Rhizoma Coptidis and Phellodendri Cortex. These BBR containing herbs are commonly used by Chinese medicine doctors to treat cancers including melanoma. In this study, we explored proteins potentially involved in the anti-melanoma effects of BBR using computational and experimental approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Target proteins of BBR were predicted using the reverse pharmacophore screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Anti-melanoma activities of BBR in melanoma cells were examined by MTT and EdU proliferation assays. Effects of BBR on activities of target proteins in melanoma cells were examined by Western blotting or fluorescence assay. RESULTS Ten proteins implicated in cancer and with high fit-score in the reverse pharmacophore screening were selected as potential targets of BBR. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics revealed that BBR could stably bind to four of the ten proteins, namely 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Cellular experiments showed that BBR inhibited cell proliferation, increased the phosphorylation of GR and p38, and inhibited the activity of DHODH in A375 human melanoma cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that p38, GR and DHODH are potentially involved in the anti-melanoma action of BBR. This study provided a chemical and pharmacological justification for the clinical use of BBR-containing herbs in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Li
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Su
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi-Ming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
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Su T, Bai JX, Chen YJ, Wang XN, Fu XQ, Li T, Guo H, Zhu PL, Wang Y, Yu ZL. An Ethanolic Extract of Ampelopsis Radix Exerts Anti-colorectal Cancer Effects and Potently Inhibits STAT3 Signaling In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:227. [PMID: 28503147 PMCID: PMC5408070 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is constantly activated in CRC, and has been proposed as a pathogenic factor and a therapeutic target of CRC. Ampelopsis Radix (AR), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, possesses low toxicity and has long been used clinically for the treatment of cancers including CRC. Some constituents of AR have been reported to exert anti-cancer properties by targeting STAT3. However, the anti-CRC mode and mechanism of action of AR have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the involvement of STAT3 signaling in the anti-CRC effects of AR. Results showed that AR reduced cell viability, induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed cell migration and invasion in human HCT-116 and SW480 CRC cells. Mechanistic studies showed that AR potently suppressed STAT3 and Src phosphorylation, and inhibited STAT3 nuclear localization in cultured CRC cells. AR also downregulated the expression of STAT3 target genes Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and MMP-2 that are involved in cell survival and mobility. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of AR was diminished by overexpressing STAT3C, a persistent active variant of STAT3. In conclusion, AR exerted anti-CRC effects in vitro and these effects are at least in part attributed to the inhibition of STAT3 signaling. Our findings provide a molecular justification for the traditional use of AR in treating CRC, and a pharmacological basis for developing AR-derived modern anti-CRC agent(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China
| | - Xin-Ning Wang
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
| | - Ting Li
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, China.,Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou SF, Yu ZL, Wang XY, Zhu PL, Chu ZS, Pan SY, Xie M, Ko KM. Biochemical mechanism underlying hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis/hepatomegaly induced by acute schisandrin B treatment in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:8. [PMID: 28086886 PMCID: PMC5237187 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that acute oral administration of schisandrin B (Sch B), an active dibenzocyclooctadiene isolated from Schisandrae Fructus (a commonly used traditional Chinese herb), increased serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels and hepatic mass in mice. The present study aimed to investigate the biochemical mechanism underlying the Sch B-induced hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly. Methods Male ICR mice were given a single oral dose of Sch B (0.25–2 g/kg). Sch B-induced changes in serum levels of biomarkers, such as TG, total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB 48), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and hepatic growth factor (HGF), as well as hepatic lipids and mass, epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) and adipocyte size, and histological changes of the liver and EAT were examined over a period of 12–120 h after Sch B treatment. Results Serum and hepatic TG levels were increased by 1.0–4.3 fold and 40–158% at 12–72 h and 12–96 h, respectively, after Sch B administration. Sch B treatment elevated serum ApoB 48 level (up to 12%), a marker of exogenous TG, but not VLDL, as compared with the vehicle treatment. Treatment with Sch B caused a time-/dose-dependent reduction in EAT index (up to 39%) and adipocyte size (up to 67%) and elevation in serum NEFA level (up to 55%). Sch B treatment induced hepatic steatosis in a time-/dose-dependent manner, as indicated by increases in total vacuole area (up to 3.2 fold vs. the vehicle control) and lipid positive staining area (up to 17.5 × 103 μm2) in liver tissue. Hepatic index and serum HGF levels were increased by 18–60% and 42–71% at 12–120 h and 24–72 h post-Sch B dosing, respectively. In addition, ultrastructural changes, such as increase in size and disruption of cristae, in hepatic mitochondria were observed in Sch B-treated mice. Conclusion Our findings suggest that exogenous sources of TG and the breakdown of fat storage in the body contribute to Sch B-induced hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis in mice. Hepatomegaly (a probable hepatotoxic action) caused by Sch B may result from the fat accumulation and mitochondrial damage in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Zhu-Sheng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Formulaology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Tse AKW, Chen YJ, Fu XQ, Su T, Li T, Guo H, Zhu PL, Kwan HY, Cheng BCY, Cao HH, Lee SKW, Fong WF, Yu ZL. Sensitization of melanoma cells to alkylating agent-induced DNA damage and cell death via orchestrating oxidative stress and IKKβ inhibition. Redox Biol 2017; 11:562-576. [PMID: 28107677 PMCID: PMC5247288 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrosourea represents one of the most active classes of chemotherapeutic alkylating agents for metastatic melanoma. Treatment with nitrosoureas caused severe systemic side effects which hamper its clinical use. Here, we provide pharmacological evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction and IKKβ inhibition cooperatively enhance nitrosourea-induced cytotoxicity in melanoma cells. We identified SC-514 as a ROS-inducing IKKβ inhibitor which enhanced the function of nitrosoureas. Elevated ROS level results in increased DNA crosslink efficiency triggered by nitrosoureas and IKKβ inhibition enhances DNA damage signals and sensitizes nitrosourea-induced cell death. Using xenograft mouse model, we confirm that ROS-inducing IKKβ inhibitor cooperates with nitrosourea to reduce tumor size and malignancy in vivo. Taken together, our results illustrate a new direction in nitrosourea treatment, and reveal that the combination of ROS-inducing IKKβ inhibitors with nitrosoureas can be potentially exploited for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Su
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Li
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hui Guo
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hiu-Yee Kwan
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Brian Chi-Yan Cheng
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hui-Hui Cao
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Sally Kin-Wah Lee
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Wang-Fun Fong
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Su T, Zhang WW, Zhang YM, Cheng BCY, Fu XQ, Li T, Guo H, Li YX, Zhu PL, Cao H, Yu ZL. Standardization of the manufacturing procedure for Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 193:663-669. [PMID: 27717907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR), the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit., is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. It is commonly used for treating cancer, cough and phlegm. To treat cancer, Chinese medicine practitioners often use raw PR; while to treat cough and phlegm, they usually use Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine (PRZA, raw PR processed with ginger juice and alumen as adjuvant materials). Currently, the producing protocol of PRZA varies greatly among different places in China. This study aims to standardize the manufacturing procedure for PRZA. We also evaluated the impact of processing on the bioactivities and chemical profile of raw PR. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the orthogonal design to optimize the manufacturing procedure of PRZA at bench scale, and validated the optimized procedure in pilot-scale production. The MTT assay was used to compare the cytotoxicities of raw PR and PRZA in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Animal models (ammonia liquor-induced cough model and phenol red secretion model) were used to compare the antitussive and expectorant effects of raw PR and PRZA, respectively. The chemical profiles of raw PR and PRZA samples were compared using a newly developed ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) method. RESULTS The standardized manufacturing procedure for PRZA is as follows: soak raw PR in water until the center of the cut surface is devoid of a dry core, after that, boil the herb in water (for each 100kg raw PR, 12.5kg alumen and 25L freshly squeezed ginger juice are added) for 6h, and then take out and dry them. The cytotoxicity of PRZA was less potent than that of raw PR. Intragastric administration of raw PR or PRZA demonstrated antitussive and expectorant effects in mice. These effects of PRZA were more potent than that of raw PR at the dose of 3g/kg. By comparing the chemical profiles, we found that six peaks were lower, while nine other peaks were higher in PRZA than in raw PR. Six compounds corresponding to six individual changed peaks were tentatively identified by matching with empirical molecular formulae and mass fragments. CONCLUSION The manufacturing procedure for PRZA was standardized. This protocol can be used for PRZA industrial production. The bioactivity assay results of raw PR and PRZA (produced using the standardized protocol) support the common practice for the clinical applications of these two decoction pieces. Moreover, raw PR and PRZA showed different chemical profiles. Further studies are warranted to establish the relationship between the alteration of chemical profiles and the changes of medicinal properties caused by processing.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic/chemistry
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antitussive Agents/isolation & purification
- Antitussive Agents/pharmacology
- Antitussive Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Cough/drug therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Expectorants/isolation & purification
- Expectorants/pharmacology
- Expectorants/therapeutic use
- Fruit and Vegetable Juices
- Zingiber officinale/chemistry
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Mass Spectrometry
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Pinellia/chemistry
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/standards
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ya-Ming Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Brian Chi-Yan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ting Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hui Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ya-Xi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
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Su T, Tan Y, Tsui MS, Yi H, Fu XQ, Li T, Chan CL, Guo H, Li YX, Zhu PL, Tse AKW, Cao H, Lu AP, Yu ZL. Metabolomics reveals the mechanisms for the cardiotoxicity of Pinelliae Rhizoma and the toxicity-reducing effect of processing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34692. [PMID: 27698376 PMCID: PMC5048190 DOI: 10.1038/srep34692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR) is a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb, but it has been frequently reported about its toxicity. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory, processing can reduce the toxicity of the herbs. Here, we aim to determine if processing reduces the toxicity of raw PR, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of raw PR-induced toxicities and the toxicity-reducing effect of processing. Biochemical and histopathological approaches were used to evaluate the toxicities of raw and processed PR. Rat serum metabolites were analyzed by LC-TOF-MS. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the metabolomics data highlighted the biological pathways and network functions involved in raw PR-induced toxicities and the toxicity-reducing effect of processing, which were verified by molecular approaches. Results showed that raw PR caused cardiotoxicity, and processing reduced the toxicity. Inhibition of mTOR signaling and activation of the TGF-β pathway contributed to raw PR-induced cardiotoxicity, and free radical scavenging might be responsible for the toxicity-reducing effect of processing. Our data shed new light on the mechanisms of raw PR-induced cardiotoxicity and the toxicity-reducing effect of processing. This study provides scientific justifications for the traditional processing theory of PR, and should help in optimizing the processing protocol and clinical combinational application of PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Man-Shan Tsui
- Department of Pathology, Caritas Medical Center, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Leung Chan
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya-Xi Li
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anfernee Kai Wing Tse
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Lu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
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Yu HZ, Zhang F, Zhu PL, Pan W, Huang SJ, Xiang H. [Co-overexpression of human tissue kallikrein 1 and human metalloproteinase 1 tissue inhibitor inhibits neointima formation in the rat artery after balloon angioplasty]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2016; 44:436-42. [PMID: 27220581 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of adenovirus-mediated human tissue kallikrein 1(hTK-1) and/or human tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (hTIMP-1) gene delivery on the neointima formation in balloon-injured rat carotids and related mechanism. METHODS Forty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups with the random number table: (1) sham-operated group(n=6), (2) angioplasty group (n=8), (3) vector virus group (n=8), (4) hTK-1 group (n=8), (5) hTIMP-1 group (n=8), (6) hTK-1-hTIMP-1 group (n=8). Except sham rats, all rats underwent carotid artery balloon injury and local delivery of saline or different recombined adenoviruses respectively. Rats were sacrificed 14 days later. Intima/media area ratio was assessed on hematoxylin-eosin stained tissue section. Immunofluorescence images stained for hTK-1, hTIMP-1 were obtained and analyzed by the confocal microscope for co-localization examination of hTK-1 and hTIMP-1. The protein expression levels of hTK-1, hTIMP-1, matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were determined by Western blot. Immune histochemical staining for PCNA was also performed. RESULTS (1)Intima area, intima/media area ratio, PCNA, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were all significantly increased in rats underwent angioplasty (did or did not receive vector virus) compared with sham-operated rats (all P<0.01) while above parameters were similar between rats underwent angioplasty or vector virus delivery (all P>0.05). (2) The intima area of rats received vector virus, hTK-1, hTIMP-1 or dual gene transfer were (0.160±0.010), (0.110±0.015), (0.121±0.016) or (0.081±0.008) mm(2) respectively, intima area was similar between rats received hTK-1 or hTIMP-1 (P>0.05), differences were found between other groups (all P<0.01). The intima/media area ratio of rats received vector virus, hTK-1, hTIMP-1 or dual gene transfer were 2.035±0.117, 1.443±0.097, 1.522±0.078 or 0.972±0.072 respectively, no difference was found between rats received hTK-1 or hTIMP-1 in intima/media area ratio (all P>0.05), differences were found between other groups (all P<0.01). The MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression of rats received vector virus, hTK-1, hTIMP-1 or dual gene transfer were 0.817±0.036, 0.606±0.044, 0.571±0.061 or 0.455±0.030 and 0.745±0.057, 0.613±0.038, 0.582±0.050 or 0.473±0.038 respectively, no difference was found between rats received hTK-1 or hTIMP-1 in MMP-2 or MMP-9 expression (all P>0.05), differences were found between other groups (all P<0.01). The PCNA expression of rats received vector virus, hTK-1, hTIMP-1 or dual gene transfer were 0.065±0.007, 0.052±0.004, 0.055±0.007 or 0.031±0.004 respectively, no difference was found between rats received hTK-1or hTIMP-1 in PCNA expression (all P>0.05), differences were found between other groups (all P<0.01). CONCLUSION hTK-1 and hTIMP-1 co-overexpression may synergistically inhibit neointimal hyperplasia, attenuate vascular remodeling and reduce restenosis possibly via down regulating the expressions of PCNA, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in balloon-injured rat carotids.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Z Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Chu ZS, Yu ZL, Pan SY, Jia ZH, Wang XY, Zhang Y, Zhu PL, Wang XJ, Ko KM. A comparative study between Wuweizi seed and its post-ethanol extraction residue in normal and hypercholesterolemic mice. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:93. [PMID: 26303027 PMCID: PMC4549086 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the present, a shift from drug therapy, especially herbal therapy, to dietary supplementation is a trend in the management of dyslipidemia and related diseases. Therefore, the optimal utilization of herbal resource is important for a sustainable development of herbal medicine. Here, we compared the effects of dietary supplementation with Chinese medicine Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus seed (FSC-S) and the post-ethanol extraction residue of FSC-S (FSC-SpEt) on normal diet-fed (normal) and experimental hypercholesterolemic (HCL) mice. METHODS Male ICR mice (n = 10 in each group), weighing 17-21 g, were fed with normal diet (ND) or high cholesterol/bile salt (1/0.3 %, w/w) diet (HCBD) with or without supplemented with FSC-S, FSC-SpEt), or lipid-lowering agent fenofibrate (FF). Ten days later, serum/hepatic lipid and glucose (GLU) levels, body weight, organ/epididymal fat masses, and food/water intake were measured. Lipid level measurements included those of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL/LDL ratio, LDL/HDL ratio, and non-HDL (N-HDL). RESULTS Supplementation with FSC-S and FSC-SpEt increased serum TC (by 64 and 25 %, respectively) and LDL (by 60 and 27 %, respectively) in normal mice. FSC-S supplementation elevated serum TC, TG, HDL, LDL, and LDL/HDL ratio (up to 64, 118, 77, 197, and 51 %, respectively) in HCL mice. FSC-SpEt supplementation reduced serum TG (by 15 %) and LDL/HDL ratio (by 18 %), as well as increased serum HDL (by 22 %) and HDL/LDL ratio (by 21 %) in HCBD-fed mice. FSC-S decreased hepatic TC (by 19 %) contents and increased hepatic TG contents by 14 % in normal mice. FSC-S reduced hepatic GLU level in both normal and HCL mice by 24 and 22 %, respectively. Hepatic TC and TG contents were lowered in FSC-SpEt-supplemented normal mice by 16 and 20 %, respectively. The body/fatty masse and food intake were lowered, but the feed efficiency index (FEI), weight gain per unit of food ingested, was increased in FSC-S-supplemented normal and HCL mice. FF supplements reduced serum/hepatic lipids, hepatic GLU contents, and epididymal fat mass, but it induced hepatomegaly and high serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in normal and/or HCL mice. CONCLUSION The ensemble of results indicated that while FSC-SpEt supplementation is beneficial for the treatment of hyperlipidemia/fatty liver, FSC-S is potentially useful for the management of overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Sheng Chu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Zhan-Hong Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Xiu-Juan Wang
- School of Traditional Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhu PL, Pan SY, Zhou SF, Zhang Y, Wang XY, Sun N, Chu ZS, Yu ZL, Ko KM. Effects of combined dietary supplementation with fenofibrate and Schisandrae Fructus pulp on lipid and glucose levels and liver function in normal and hypercholesterolemic mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:923-35. [PMID: 25733812 PMCID: PMC4338776 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s73544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Currently, combined therapy using herbs and synthetic drugs has become a feasible therapeutic intervention against some diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of supplementation with fenofibrate (FF), a chemical drug used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and the aqueous extract of Schisandrae Fructus (SF, a Chinese herb) pulp (AqSF-P) or an SF-related synthetic analog, bicyclol (BY), on serum/hepatic lipid levels and liver status in normal and hypercholesterolemic (HCL) mice. Methods Male mice obtained from the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) were fed on a normal diet (ND) or high cholesterol/bile salt (0.5%/0.15%, w/w) diet (HCBD) containing FF (0.03% or 0.1%, w/w) with or without AqSF-P (0.3%−9.0%, based on crude herbal material, w/w) or BY (0.025%, w/w) for 10 days. Then serum lipid levels and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, as well as hepatic triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and glucose levels, were measured. Results Oral supplementation with FF significantly reduced serum and hepatic TG, TC, and hepatic glucose levels (approximately 79%) in mice fed with ND or HCBD. FF supplementation combined with AqSF-P or BY increased FF-induced reduction in hepatic TC and TG contents in ND-fed mice (up to 67%) and in HCBD-fed mice (up to 54%), when compared with FF supplementation alone. Hepatic glucose-lowering effect of FF was enhanced (up to 19%) by AqSF-P cosupplementation in both normal and HCL mice. FF supplementation enhanced the excretion of fecal TC (by 75%) in mice fed with HCBD. Fecal TC contents were increased by 14%/9% in the combination therapy with FF and AqSF-P in ND-/HCBD-fed mice. Serum ALT activity was elevated by 45% in HCBD-fed mice. FF caused a significant increase in ALT activity by 198% and 120% in normal and HCL mice, respectively. BY markedly attenuated the ALT activity by 54% in mice fed with ND supplemented with 0.1% FF and by 42% in mice fed with HCBD supplemented with 0.03% FF. Conclusion AqSF-P cosupplementation augmented the hepatic lipid-/glucose-lowering effects of FF. BY ameliorated FF-induced liver injury in normal and HCL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Sheng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Pan SY, Zhou SF, Wang XY, Sun N, Zhu PL, Chu ZS, Yu ZL, Ko KM. Time and dose relationships between schisandrin B- and schisandrae fructus oil-induced hepatotoxicity and the associated elevations in hepatic and serum triglyceride levels in mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:1429-39. [PMID: 25278745 PMCID: PMC4179757 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s67518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Schisandrin B (Sch B), a dibenzocyclooctadiene compound, is isolated from schisandrae fructus (SF). This study was conducted to compare the time- and dose-response between Sch B- and SF oil (SFO)-induced changes in hepatic and serum parameters in mice. Methods Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were given a single oral dose of Sch B (0.125–2 g/kg) or SFO (0.3–5 g/kg). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, hepatic malondialdehyde, and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured at increasing time intervals within 6–120 hours postdosing. Results Serum ALT activity was elevated by 60%, with maximum effect (Emax) =45.77 U/L and affinity (KD) =1.25 g/kg at 48–96 hours following Sch B, but not SFO, treatment. Sch B and SFO treatments increased hepatic malondialdehyde level by 70% (Emax =2.30 nmol/mg protein and KD =0.41 g/kg) and 22% (Emax =1.42 nmol/mg protein and KD =2.56 g/kg) at 72 hours postdosing, respectively. Hepatic index was increased by 16%–60% (Emax =11.01, KD =0.68 g/kg) and 8%–32% (Emax =9.88, KD =4.47 g/kg) at 12–120 hours and 24–120 hours after the administration of Sch B and SFO, respectively. Hepatic TG level was increased by 40%–158% and 35%–85%, respectively, at 12–96 hours and 6–48 hours after Sch B and SFO treatment, respectively. The values of Emax and KD for Sch B/SFO-induced increase in hepatic TG were estimated to be 22.94/15.02 μmol/g and 0.78/3.03 g/kg, respectively. Both Sch B and SFO increased serum TG (up to 427% and 123%, respectively), with the values of Emax =5.50/4.60 mmol/L and KD =0.43/2.84 g/kg, respectively. Conclusion The findings indicated that Sch B/SFO-induced increases in serum/hepatic parameters occurred in a time-dependent manner, with the time of onset being serum TG level < hepatic TG level < hepatic index < serum ALT activity. However, the time of recovery of these parameters to normal values varied as follow: serum TG level < hepatic TG level and liver injury < hepatic index. The Emax and affinity of Sch B on tissue/enzyme/receptor were larger than those of SFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Sheng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Sun N, Pan SY, Zhang Y, Wang XY, Zhu PL, Chu ZS, Yu ZL, Zhou SF, Ko KM. Dietary pulp from Fructus Schisandra Chinensis supplementation reduces serum/hepatic lipid and hepatic glucose levels in mice fed a normal or high cholesterol/bile salt diet. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:46. [PMID: 24621253 PMCID: PMC3984702 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, it has been found that Fructus Schisandra Chinensis (FSC), a Chinese herbal medicine, and its related compounds have a profound impact on lipid metabolism process. FSC can be divided into two parts, i.e., seed and pulp. The current study aimed to examine the effect of aqueous extracts of FSC pulp (AqFSC-P) on serum/hepatic lipid and glucose levels in mice fed with a normal diet (ND) or a high cholesterol/bile salt diet (HCBD). Methods The AqFSC-P used in the present study was fractionated into supernatant (SAqFSC-P) and precipitate (PAqFSC-P) separated by centrifugation. Male ICR mice were fed with ND or HCBD, without or with supplementation of 1%, 3%, or 9% (w/w) SAqFSC-P or PAqFSC-P for 10 days. Biomarkers were determined according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Results Supplementation with SAqFSC-P or PAqFSC-P significantly reduced serum and hepatic triglyceride levels (approximately 40%) in ND- and/or HCBD-fed mice. The supplementation with SAqFSC-P or PAqFSC-P reduced hepatic total cholesterol levels (by 27 - 46%) in HCBD-fed mice. Supplementation with SAqFSC-P or PAqFSC-P markedly lowered hepatic glucose levels (by 13 - 30%) in ND- and HCBD-fed mice. SAqFSC-P decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, but PAqFSC-P increased hepatic protein contents in ND-fed mice. Bicylol, as a positive control, reduced ALT activity. In addition, mice supplemented with FSC-P or bicylol showed a smaller body weight gain and adipose tissue mass as compared to the respective un-supplemented ND- or HCBD-fed mice. Conclusion The results indicate that SAqFSC-P and PAqFSC-P produce hepatic lipid- and glucose-lowering as well as serum TG-lowering effects in hypercholesterolemic mice. FSC pulp may provide a safe alternative for the management of fatty liver and/or lipid disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Pan SY, Jia ZH, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Wang XY, Sun N, Zhu PL, Yu ZL, Ko KM. Novel mouse model of combined hyperlipidemia associated with steatosis and liver injury by a single-dose intragastric administration of schisandrin B/cholesterol/bile salts mixture. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 123:110-9. [PMID: 24096833 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13087fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is referred to as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or both in combined hyperlipidemia. Here, a novel mouse model of combined hyperlipidemia is described. Mice were orally given a single dose of a modeling agent (MA) made of a mixture of schisandrin B/cholesterol/bile salts (1/2/0.5 g/kg) suspended in olive oil. MA treatment increased serum triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) (up to 422% and 100% at 12 - 96 h post-treatment, respectively) and hepatic TG and TC (up to 220% and 26%, respectively) in a time- and dose-dependent manner, associated with elevation of high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels. Serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferase activities, indicators of liver cell damage, were also elevated (up to 198%) at 48 and 72 h post-MA treatment. Fenofibrate blocks MA-induced hyperlipidemia, lipid accumulation in the liver, as well as liver injury. Oral administration of a mixture of schisandrin B, cholesterol, and bile salt could generate an interesting mouse model of combined hyperlipidemia associated with hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
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Abstract
A new sampling method is proposed for solid-phase microextraction (SPME), in which the extraction is carried out in a glass capillary containing a few microliters of sample. When an adsorption-type fiber is used for SPME, the equilibrium between aqueous sample and coating can be described by a Langmuir isotherm. Since the total amount of analytes and coexisting substances stays at a low level in a small volume of sample, the linear concentration range of analytes will be extended for SPME to be applied in quantification and the interference caused by sample matrix will be reduced. In addition, sampling in a capillary has a short diffusion distance and extraction equilibrium is established in 5-10 min. It is important in clinical analysis and therapeutic drug monitoring to be able to analyse sample volumes of samples. The feasibility of the new sampling method is demonstrated by the extractions of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and a synthetic solution containing 1-naphthol, paeonol and 1-naphthylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province, China.
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Liu CL, Zhu PL, Liu MC. Computer-aided development of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives in Chinese herb medicine rhubarb. J Chromatogr A 1999; 857:167-74. [PMID: 10536835 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With computer simulation predicting separation in reversed-phase gradient elution, a method to separate and determine five hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives having a wide range of polarity in extract of Chinese herbal medicine rhubarb has been developed. The software DryLab was used to model the retention behavior of the compounds as a function of gradient conditions, based on data from two scouting gradient runs. Under the optimized conditions, i.e. column, Zorbax RX-C18, 5 microm, 15x0.46 cm; solvent A, 36 mM triethylamine phosphate (TEAP), pH=2.5; solvent B, ACN; gradient, 36/36/80/80% B at 0/5.5/20.5/25.5 min; flow-rate, 1.00 ml/min; temperature, ambient, the method was successfully applied to monitor the quality of rhubarb from different sources. The effect of sample preparation procedures on extraction efficiency was also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, China
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Zhu PL, Snyder LR, Dolan JW, Djordjevic NM, Hill DW, Sander LC, Waeghe TJ. Combined use of temperature and solvent strength in reversed-phase gradient elution. I. Predicting separation as a function of temperature and gradient conditions. J Chromatogr A 1996; 756:21-39. [PMID: 9008855 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown previously that computer simulation based on two initial experiments can predict separation in reversed-phase gradient elution as a function of gradient conditions (gradient steepness, gradient range and gradient shape) and column conditions (column length, flow-rate and particle size). The present study extends this capability for changes in temperature. Four initial experiments (two different gradient times, two different temperatures) provide input data that allow predictions of separation as a function of temperature as well as gradient and column conditions. A semi-empirical relationship, tR = a + bT, is able to relate gradient retention time tR to column temperature T (other conditions constant). The accuracy of this approach has been evaluated for 102 solutes and a variety of experimental conditions, including the use of five different HPLC instruments (four different models).
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Zhu
- LC Resources Inc., Walnut Creek, CA 94596, USA
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