1
|
Chang CJ, Chao PY, Chen JK, Pundi A, Yu YH, Chiang CL, Lin YG. Metal Complex/ZnS-Modified Ni Foam as Magnetically Stirrable Photocatalysts: Roles of Redox Mediators and Carrier Dynamics Monitored by Operando Synchrotron X-ray Spectroscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:41870-41882. [PMID: 36001354 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetically stirrable photocatalysts binding the ZnS-decorated Ni foam with the metal complex cocatalyst as a redox mediator and light-absorbing composition were investigated. Loading metal complex can improve light absorption, surface hydrophilicity, interfacial charge migration, and H2 production activity. The variation of the metal valences of the composite photocatalysts in an operando environment (with sacrificial agent solution) with and without light irradiation was investigated by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra and Fourier-transformed extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra to monitor the charge carrier dynamics of photocatalysis and explain how the macrocyclic Cu complex (CuC) acted as a redox mediator better than the Ni complex. The smaller valence difference of copper valence in ZS/CuC for dark and light states revealed that the Cu complex facilitates a reversible electron transfer between the ZnS photocatalyst and H+. Loading the Cu complex can improve the separation of photogenerated carriers by the redox couple of complexes, leading to a significantly improved photocatalytic H2 production activity of 8150 μmol h-1 g-1. The reactants can flow through these magnetically stirrable Ni foam-based photocatalysts by magnetic-field-driven stirring, which improves the contact between photocatalysts and the sacrificial agents. The operando synchrotron provides new insights for understanding the roles of redox mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yao Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Arul Pundi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lung Chiang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Gu Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang CJ, Chao PY, Chou CY, Chen YJ, Huang CF. Polymer/BiOBr-Modified Gauze as a Dual-Functional Membrane for Heavy Metal Removal and Photocatalytic Dye Decolorization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092082. [PMID: 32933185 PMCID: PMC7569830 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to remove heavy metals and dyes before discharging industrial effluents. Gauze substrate was surface-modified by coating with a polymeric adsorbent and a spray coating of BiOBr photocatalyst to develop a novel dual-functional membrane, polymer/BiOBr-modified gauze, for water remediation. The polymeric adsorbent was crosslinked to prevent the dissolving of the adsorbent during operation in contaminated water. The morphology and surface chemistry of the modified gauze were characterized before and after the adsorption of Ni2+. The surface wettability, isotherms, and kinetics of Ni2+ adsorption were studied. We also studied the effect of pH, initial Ni2+ concentration, monomer molar ratio, and monomer chemical structure on the Ni2+ adsorption capacity. To achieve a high Ni2+ adsorption capacity and good photocatalytic decolorization activity, the amount of decorated BiOBr was tuned by changing the spray-coating time to optimize the exposed BiOBr and polymer on the surface. The optimized dual-functional membrane PB20 possesses excellent adsorption capacity (650 mg g-1) for Ni2+ ions and photocatalytic decolorization activity (100% degradation of RhB within 7 min). Decorating the optimized amount of BiOBr on the surface can introduce photocatalytic decolorization activity without sacrificing the adsorption capacity for Ni2+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.J.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pei-Yao Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.J.C.)
| | - Chen-Yi Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.J.C.)
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.J.C.)
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (ICAST), National Chung Hsing University, Eng Bld 3, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin S, Chao PY, Chien YW, Sayani S, Kuma S, Mason M, Wes T, Yang A, Monkhouse D. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of biodegradable implants for hormone replacement therapy: effect of system design and PK-PD relationship. AAPS PharmSciTech 2001; 2:E16. [PMID: 14727875 PMCID: PMC2750581 DOI: 10.1208/pt020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation evaluated the feasibility of using subdermally implantable devices fabricated by nonconventional 3-dimensional printing technology for controlled delivery of ethinyl estradiol (EE2). In vitro release kinetics of EE2 and in vivo pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in ovariectomized New Zealand White rabbits were carried out to study 3 implant prototypes: implant I (single-channel EE2 distribution in polycaprolactone polymer core), implant II (homogeneous EE2 distribution in polycaprolactone polymer matrix), and implant III (concentration-gradient EE2 distribution in polycaprolactone and poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (50:50 matrix). EE2 was found to be released from all the implants in a nonlinear pattern with an order of implant III > implant II > implant I. The noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma EE2 profiles in rabbits indicated a significant difference (p < .05) in Cmax, tmax, and mean residence time between implant I and implants II and III, but no difference in the area under the plasma concentration time curves calculated by trapezoidal rule (AUC) among the implants. For pharmacodynamic studies, endogenous follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were observed to be suppressed following implantation of all implants, which demonstrated that a therapeutically effective dose of EE2 had been delivered. Furthermore, the noncompartmental analysis of plasma FSH and LH profiles in rabbits showed a significant difference (p < .05) in AUC and the mean residence time between implant III and implants I and II. A good in vivo/in vitro relationship was observed between daily amounts of EE2 released and plasma profiles of EE2 for all implants. This relationship suggests that plasma profiles of EE2 could be predicted from in vitro measurement of daily amount of EE2 released. Therefore, performing in vitro drug release studies may aid in the development of an EE2 implant with the desired in vivo release rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lin
- College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Dietary copper deficiency causes hypercholesterolemia and increased hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (MHG-CoA) reductase activity and increased hepatic glutathione (GSH) in rats. We hypothesized that inhibition of GSH production by L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific GSH synthesis inhibitor, would abolish the cholesterolemia and increased HMG-CoA reductase activity of copper deficiency. In two experiments, two groups of 20 weanling male rats were fed diets providing 0.4 and 5.8 micrograms Cu/g, copper-deficient (Cu-D) and copper-adequate (Cu-A), respectively. At 35 days plasma cholesterol was significantly elevated by 30 to 43% in Cu-D and 10 animals in each of the Cu-D and Cu-A groups were randomly assigned to receive 10 mM BSO solution in place of drinking water and continued on the same diets for another 2 wk. At necropsy Cu-D animals had a significant 52 to 58% increase in plasma cholesterol. BSO administration abolished the cholesterolemia in Cu-D rats, but had no influence on plasma cholesterol of Cu-A rats. Hepatic GSH was increased 39 to 82% in Cu-D rats and BSO abolished this increase. BSO was without effect on cardiac hypertrophy, plasma and liver copper, and hematocrit indices of copper status. Liver microsome HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly increased 85 to 288% in Cu-D rats and BSO administration abolished this increase in activity in Cu-D rats. The results suggest that copper deficiency cholesterolemia and elevated HMG-CoA reductase activity are a consequence of elevated hepatic GSH, and provide evidence for GSH regulation of cholesterol metabolism in intact animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Dietary copper deficiency has been shown to reduce copper-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and to increase lipid peroxidation in rats. Circulating reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations are elevated in copper-deficient (CuD) rats, which suggests an increased GSH synthesis or decreased degradation, perhaps as an adaptation to the oxidative stress of copper deficiency. GSH synthesis was examined in isolated hepatocytes from CuD rats. Isolated hepatocytes were prepared by collagenase perfusion and incubated in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4, 10 mM glucose, 2.5 mM Ca2+ in the presence and absence of 1.0 mM buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue exclusion. GSH and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were measured by the glutathione reductase recycling assay. Copper deficiency depressed hepatocyte Cu by greater than 90% and increased intracellular GSH by 41-117% over the 3-h incubation, with a two- to threefold increase in the rate of intracellular GSH synthesis. Intracellular GSSG values were minimally influenced by CuD, with a constant mol% GSSG. Extracellular total glutathione (GSH + 2GSSG) synthesis was increased by approximately 33%. Both intracellular GSH and extracellular total glutathione synthesis were inhibited by BSO. The pattern of food consumption in CuD rats, meal fed versus ad libitum fed, had no effect on glutathione synthesis. The results indicate an increased hepatic GSH synthesis as a response to dietary copper deficiency and suggest an interrelationship between the essential nutrients involved in oxyradical metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Chao
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
|
8
|
Lim RK, Miller DG, Guzman F, Rodgers DW, Rogers RW, Wang SK, Chao PY, Shih TY. Pain and analgesia evaluated by the intraperitoneal bradykinin-evoked pain method in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1967; 8:521-42. [PMID: 4951968 DOI: 10.1002/cpt196784521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|