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Duke DJ, Rao L, Kastengren A, Myatt B, Cocks P, Stein S, Marasini N, Ong HX, Young P. Canister valve and actuator deposition in metered dose inhalers formulated with low-GWP propellants. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123569. [PMID: 37925043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
A challenge in pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) formulation design is management of adhesion of the drug to the canister wall, valve and actuator internal components and surfaces. Wall-material interactions differ between transparent vials used for visual inspection and metal canister pMDI systems. This is of particular concern for low greenhouse warming potential (GWP) formulations where propellant chemistry and solubility with many drugs are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate a novel application of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation to assay the contents of surrogate solution and suspension pMDI formulations of potassium iodide and barium sulphate in propellants HFA134a, HFA152a and HFO1234ze(E) using aluminium canisters and standard components. Preliminary results indicate that through unit life drug distribution in the canister valve closure region and actuator can vary significantly with new propellants. For solution formulations HFO1234ze(E) propellant shows the greatest increase in local deposition inside the canister valve closure region as compared to HFA134a and HFA152a, with correspondingly reduced actuator deposition. This is likely driven by chemistry changes. For suspension formulations HFA152a shows the greatest differences, due to its low specific gravity. These changes must be taken into consideration in the development of products utilising low-GWP propellants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Duke
- Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace & Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Lingzhe Rao
- Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace & Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Australia
| | - Alan Kastengren
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | | | - Phil Cocks
- Kindeva Drug Delivery, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nirmal Marasini
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia; Department of Marketing, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia; Department of Marketing, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Jaworski RC, Boadle R, Greg J, Cocks P. Peritoneal "melanosis" associated with a ruptured ovarian dermoid cyst: report of a case with electron-probe energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2001; 20:386-9. [PMID: 11603224 DOI: 10.1097/00004347-200110000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A case of peritoneal "melanosis" due to a ruptured left ovarian dermoid cyst is described. Histology showed that the dermoid contained gastric mucosa associated with ulceration, necrosis, and hemorrhage. The areas of pigmentation within the dermoid, omentum, and peritoneal cavity were due to collections of heavily pigment-laden macrophages. The pigment lacked the histochemical features of either melanin or hemosiderin, but electron-probe energy dispersive x-ray analysis showed that the pigment contained a high concentration of iron. It is postulated that peptic ulceration with hemorrhage is the most likely source of the pigment and that the peritoneal pigmentation is secondary to spillage of the contents of the dermoid cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Jaworski
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, I.C.P.M.R., Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
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Culbert E, Cocks P, Smaill T. Innovations in paediatric children's assessment unit and developing outreach service. Nurs Prax N Z 1996; 11:9-13. [PMID: 9155368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Chapuis B, Summersgill BM, Cocks P, Howard P, Lawler SD, Alexander P, Powles R. Test for cryopreservation efficiency of human acute myelogenous leukaemia cells relevant to clinical requirements. Cryobiology 1977; 14:637-48. [PMID: 338248 DOI: 10.1016/0011-2240(77)90018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cocks P, Powles RL, Chapuis B, Alexander P. Further evidence of response by leukaemia patients in remission to antigen(s) related to acute myelogenous leukaemia. Br J Cancer 1977; 35:273-9. [PMID: 139910 PMCID: PMC2025280 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1977.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia were studied to determine if their remission blood leucocytes could be stimulated into taking up [3H] thymidine after in vitro culture with their own cryo-preserved irradiated AML leukaemia cells. In 6/15 patients it was possible to show autologous recognition and equal recognition of their stored leukaemia cells, even when they had previously been maintained in in vitro proliferative cultures in liquid suspension and undergoing myeloid maturation for one week. After in vitro proliferative culture, 4 populations of leukaemia cells produced material in the supernatant media between 3 and 7 days capable of inducing [3H] thymidine uptake in autologous (2 pts, 5 supernatants) and allogeneic (2 pts, 2 supernatants) AML remission lymphocytes, but not in normal donor lymphocytes. The relevance of these observations to tumour-associated AML antigen is discussed.
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