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Théate I, van Baren N, Pilotte L, Moulin P, Larrieu P, Renauld JC, Hervé C, Gutierrez-Roelens I, Marbaix E, Sempoux C, Van den Eynde BJ. Extensive profiling of the expression of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 protein in normal and tumoral human tissues. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 3:161-72. [PMID: 25271151 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays a key role in tumoral resistance to immune rejection. In humans, constitutive expression of IDO1 has been observed in several tumor types. However, a comprehensive analysis of its expression in normal and tumor tissues is still required to anticipate the risks and potential benefits of IDO1 inhibitors. Using a newly validated monoclonal antibody to human IDO1, we performed an extensive immunohistochemical analysis of IDO1 expression in normal and tumor tissues. In normal tissues, IDO1 was expressed by endothelial cells in the placenta and lung and by epithelial cells in the female genital tract. In lymphoid tissues, IDO1 was expressed in mature dendritic cells with a phenotype (CD83(+), DC-LAMP(+), langerin(-), CD123(-), CD163(-)) distinct from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Importantly, IDO1-expressing dendritic cells were not enriched in tumor-draining lymph nodes, in contrast with previously reported findings. IDO1-expressing cells were observed in a large fraction (505/866, 58%) of human tumors. They comprised tumor cells, endothelial cells, and stromal cells in proportions that varied depending on the tumor type. Tumors showing the highest proportions of IDO1-immunolabeled samples were carcinomas of the endometrium and cervix, followed by kidney, lung, and colon. This hierarchy of IDO1 expression was confirmed by gene expression data mined from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Expression of IDO1 may be used to select tumors likely to benefit from targeted therapy with IDO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Théate
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas van Baren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Pilotte
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Moulin
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Larrieu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Hervé
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Etienne Marbaix
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. Service d'anatomopathologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium. Biolibrary, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît J Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Michaux A, Larrieu P, Stroobant V, Fonteneau JF, Jotereau F, Van den Eynde BJ, Moreau-Aubry A, Vigneron N. A Spliced Antigenic Peptide Comprising a Single Spliced Amino Acid Is Produced in the Proteasome by Reverse Splicing of a Longer Peptide Fragment followed by Trimming. J I 2014; 192:1962-71. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chauvin JM, Larrieu P, Sarrabayrouse G, Prévost-Blondel A, Lengagne R, Desfrançois J, Labarrière N, Jotereau F. HLA anchor optimization of the melan-A-HLA-A2 epitope within a long peptide is required for efficient cross-priming of human tumor-reactive T cells. J Immunol 2012; 188:2102-10. [PMID: 22291187 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The uptake and long-term cross-presentation of tumor Ag long peptides (LP) by dendritic cells (DC) make them attractive cancer vaccine candidates. However, it remains to be established whether LP can prime long-lived tumor-reactive CTL and whether other cell types are able to cross-present them. Using HLA-A2 healthy donor and melanoma patient-derived PBMC, we studied the in vitro cross-priming potential of Melan-A 16-40 LP bearing the HLA-A2-restricted epitope 26-35 or its analog 26-35(A27L) and compared it to the priming capacity of the short analog. We then addressed LP priming capacity in vivo using HLA-A2 mice. We also studied LP cross-presentation by monocyte-derived DC, plasmacytoid DC, monocytes, and B cells. We showed that the modified LP gave rise to high and sustained cross-presentation by monocyte-derived DC. This led to cross priming in vitro and in vivo and to expansion of long-lived tumor-reactive cytotoxic T cells. In contrast, the LP containing the natural 26-35 epitope primed specific T cells poorly, despite its long-lived cross-presentation, and T cells primed against the short analog were short-lived. We further showed that LP cross-presentation is restricted to monocytes and conventional DC. These results document for the first time, to our knowledge, the strong immunogenicity of a human tumor Ag LP. Of note, they underscore that this property is critically dependent on sufficient HLA binding affinity and/or TCR ligand potency of the cross-presented epitope. We conclude that LP fulfilling this requirement should be used as tumor vaccines, together with DC maturating agents, especially the Melan-A 16-40(A27L) LP, for the treatment of HLA-A2(+) melanoma patients.
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Dolusić E, Larrieu P, Moineaux L, Stroobant V, Pilotte L, Colau D, Pochet L, Van den Eynde B, Masereel B, Wouters J, Frédérick R. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibitors. 3-(2-(pyridyl)ethenyl)indoles as potential anticancer immunomodulators. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5320-34. [PMID: 21726069 DOI: 10.1021/jm2006782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an important mechanism of peripheral immune tolerance contributing to tumoral immune resistance. IDO inhibition is thus an active area of research in drug development. Recently, our group has shown that tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), an unrelated hepatic enzyme also catalyzing the first step of tryptophan degradation, is also expressed in many tumors and that this expression prevents tumor rejection by locally depleting tryptophan. Herein, we report a structure-activity study on a series of 3-(2-(pyridyl)ethenyl)indoles. More than 70 novel derivatives were synthesized, and their TDO inhibitory potency was evaluated. The rationalization of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) revealed essential features to attain high TDO inhibition and notably a dense H-bond network mainly involving His(55) and Thr(254) residues. Our study led to the identification of a very promising compound (58) displaying good TDO inhibition (K(i) = 5.5 μM), high selectivity, and good oral bioavailability. Indeed, 58 was chosen for preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Dolusić
- Drug Design and Discovery Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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Dolušić E, Larrieu P, Blanc S, Sapunaric F, Pouyez J, Moineaux L, Colette D, Stroobant V, Pilotte L, Colau D, Ferain T, Fraser G, Galleni M, Frère JM, Masereel B, Van den Eynde B, Wouters J, Frédérick R. Discovery and preliminary SARs of keto-indoles as novel indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3058-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dolušić E, Larrieu P, Blanc S, Sapunaric F, Norberg B, Moineaux L, Colette D, Stroobant V, Pilotte L, Colau D, Ferain T, Fraser G, Galleni M, Frère JM, Masereel B, Eynde BVD, Wouters J, Frédérick R. Corrigendum to “Indol-2-yl ethanones as novel indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. (2011) 1550–1561]. Bioorg Med Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dolušić E, Larrieu P, Blanc S, Sapunaric F, Norberg B, Moineaux L, Colette D, Stroobant V, Pilotte L, Colau D, Ferain T, Fraser G, Galleni M, Galeni M, Frère JM, Masereel B, Van den Eynde B, Wouters J, Frédérick R. Indol-2-yl ethanones as novel indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:1550-61. [PMID: 21269836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a heme dioxygenase which has been shown to be involved in the pathological immune escape of diseases such as cancer. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a novel series of IDO inhibitors based on the indol-2-yl ethanone scaffold is described. In vitro and in vivo biological activities have been evaluated, leading to compounds with IC(50) values in the micromolar range in both tests. Introduction of small substituents in the 5- and 6-positions of the indole ring, indole N-methylation and variations of the aromatic side chain are all well tolerated. An iron coordinating group on the linker is a prerequisite for biological activity, thus corroborating the virtual screening results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Dolušić
- Drug design and Discovery Center, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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Renaud V, Godefroy E, Larrieu P, Fleury F, Jotereau F, Guilloux Y. Folding of matrix metalloproteinase-2 prevents endogenous generation of MHC class-I restricted epitope. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11894. [PMID: 20689590 PMCID: PMC2912773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously demonstrated that the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) contained an antigenic peptide recognized by a CD8 T cell clone in the HLA-A*0201 context. The presentation of this peptide on class I molecules by human melanoma cells required a cross-presentation mechanism. Surprisingly, the classical endogenous processing pathway did not process this MMP-2 epitope. Methodology/Principal Findings By PCR directed mutagenesis we showed that disruption of a single disulfide bond induced MMP-2 epitope presentation. By Pulse-Chase experiment, we demonstrated that disulfide bonds stabilized MMP-2 and impeded its degradation. Finally, using drugs, we documented that mutated MMP-2 epitope presentation used the proteasome and retrotranslocation complex. Conclusions/Significance These data appear crucial to us since they established the existence of a new inhibitory mechanism for the generation of a T cell epitope. In spite of MMP-2 classified as a self-antigen, the fact that cross-presentation is the only way to present this MMP-2 epitope underlines the importance to target this type of antigen in immunotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Renaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 892, Nantes, France
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Röhrig UF, Awad L, Grosdidier A, Larrieu P, Stroobant V, Colau D, Cerundolo V, Simpson AJG, Vogel P, Van den Eynde BJ, Zoete V, Michielin O. Rational design of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1172-89. [PMID: 20055453 DOI: 10.1021/jm9014718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases such as cancer that involve pathological immune escape. We have used the evolutionary docking algorithm EADock to design new inhibitors of this enzyme. First, we investigated the modes of binding of all known IDO inhibitors. On the basis of the observed docked conformations, we developed a pharmacophore model, which was then used to devise new compounds to be tested for IDO inhibition. We also used a fragment-based approach to design and to optimize small organic molecule inhibitors. Both approaches yielded several new low-molecular weight inhibitor scaffolds, the most active being of nanomolar potency in an enzymatic assay. Cellular assays confirmed the potential biological relevance of four different scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute F Röhrig
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Larrieu P, Renaud V, Godet Y, Jotereau F, Fonteneau JF. A HLA-Cw*0701 restricted Melan-A/MART1 epitope presented by melanoma tumor cells to CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:745-52. [PMID: 18097665 PMCID: PMC11030711 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Melan-A/MART1 is a melanocytic differentiation antigen recognized on melanoma tumor cells by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. In this study, we describe a new epitope of this protein recognized in the context of HLA-Cw*0701 molecules by a CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) clone. This CD8+ TIL clone specifically recognized and killed a fraction of melanoma cells lines expressing Melan-A/MART1 and HLA-Cw*0701. We further show that the Melan-A/MART1(51-61) peptide is the optimal peptide recognized by this clone. Together, these data significantly enlarge the fraction of melanoma patients susceptible to benefit from a Melan-A/MART1 vaccine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Larrieu
- INSERM U601, Institut de biologie, 9 quai moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Virginie Renaud
- INSERM U601, Institut de biologie, 9 quai moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Yann Godet
- INSERM U601, Institut de biologie, 9 quai moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Francine Jotereau
- INSERM U601, Institut de biologie, 9 quai moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex, France
- Université de Nantes, 44322 Nantes, France
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Larrieu P, Ouisse LH, Guilloux Y, Jotereau F, Fonteneau JF. A HLA-DQ5 restricted Melan-A/MART-1 epitope presented by melanoma tumor cells to CD4+ T lymphocytes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1565-75. [PMID: 17318652 PMCID: PMC11031014 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Melan-A/MART1 is a melanocytic differentiation antigen expressed by tumor cells of the majority of melanoma patients and, as such, is considered as a good target for melanoma immunotherapy. Nonetheless, the number of class I and II restricted Melan-A epitopes identified so far remains limited. Here we describe a new Melan-A/MART-1 epitope recognized in the context of HLA-DQa1*0101 and HLA-DQb1*0501, -DQb1*0502 or -DQb1*0504 molecules by a CD4+ T cell clone. This clone was obtained by in vitro stimulation of PBMC from a healthy donor by the Melan-A51-73 peptide previously reported to contain a HLA-DR4 epitope. The Melan-A51-73 peptide, therefore contains both HLA-DR4 and HLA-DQ5 restricted epitope. We further show that Melan-A51-63 is the minimal peptide optimally recognized by the HLA-DQ5 restricted CD4+ clone. Importantly, this clone specifically recognizes and kills tumor cell lines expressing Melan-A and either HLA-DQb1*0501, -DQb1*0504 or -DQb1*0502 molecules. Moreover, we could detect CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma in response to Melan-A51-63 and Melan-A51-73 peptides among tumor infiltrating and blood lymphocytes from HLA-DQ5+ patients. This suggests that spontaneous CD4+ T cell responses against this HLA-DQ5 epitope occur in vivo. Together these data significantly increase the fraction of melanoma patients susceptible to benefit from a Melan-A class II restricted vaccine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Larrieu
- INSERM U601, Institut de biologie, 9 quai moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Laure-Hélène Ouisse
- INSERM U601, Institut de biologie, 9 quai moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Yannick Guilloux
- INSERM U601, Institut de biologie, 9 quai moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex, France
- Université de Nantes, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Francine Jotereau
- INSERM U601, Institut de biologie, 9 quai moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex, France
- Université de Nantes, 44322 Nantes, France
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Srinivas O, Larrieu P, Duverger E, Boccaccio C, Bousser MT, Monsigny M, Fonteneau JF, Jotereau F, Roche AC. Synthesis of glycocluster-tumor antigenic peptide conjugates for dendritic cell targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:1547-54. [PMID: 17602511 DOI: 10.1021/bc070026g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of dendritic cells (DC) for the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines is attractive because of their unique ability to present tumor epitopes via the MHC class I pathway to induce cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte responses. C-Type membrane lectins, DC-SIGN and the mannose receptor (MR), present on the DC surface, recognize oligosaccharides containing mannose and/or fucose and mediate sugar-specific endocytosis of synthetic oligolysine-based glycoclusters. We therefore asked whether a glycotargeting approach could be used to induce uptake and presentation of tumor antigens by DC. To this end, we designed and synthesized glycocluster conjugates containing a CD8+ epitope of the Melan-A/Mart-1 melanoma antigen. These glycocluster-Melan-A conjugates were obtained by coupling glycosynthons: oligosaccharyl-pyroglutamyl-beta-alanine derivatives containing either disaccharides, a dimannoside (Manalpha-6Man) or lactoside, or a Lewis oligosaccharide, to Melan-A 16-40 peptide comprising the 26-35 HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitope, extended with an oligolysine stretch at the C-terminal end. We showed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry that fluorescent-labeled Melan-A glycoclusters containing either dimannoside or Lewis oligosaccharide were taken up by DC and concentrated in acidic vesicles; conversely lactoside glycopeptides were not at all taken up. Furthermore, using surface plasmon resonance, we showed that dimannoside and Lewis-Melan-A conjugates bind MR and DC-SIGN with high affinity. DC loaded with these conjugates, but not with the lactose-Melan-A conjugate, led to an efficient presentation of the Melan-A epitope eliciting a CD8+ T-lymphocyte response. These data suggest that synthetically designed glycocluster-tumor antigen conjugates may induce antigen cross-presentation by DC and represent a promising tool for the development of tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruganti Srinivas
- Glycobiologie, Vectorologie et Traffic Intracellulaire, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS, Rue Charles-Sadron, 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2, France
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