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Bauda E, Gallet B, Moravcova J, Effantin G, Chan H, Novacek J, Jouneau PH, Rodrigues CDA, Schoehn G, Moriscot C, Morlot C. Ultrastructure of macromolecular assemblies contributing to bacterial spore resistance revealed by in situ cryo-electron tomography. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1376. [PMID: 38355696 PMCID: PMC10867305 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial spores owe their incredible resistance capacities to molecular structures that protect the cell content from external aggressions. Among the determinants of resistance are the quaternary structure of the chromosome and an extracellular shell made of proteinaceous layers (the coat), the assembly of which remains poorly understood. Here, in situ cryo-electron tomography on lamellae generated by cryo-focused ion beam micromachining provides insights into the ultrastructural organization of Bacillus subtilis sporangia. The reconstructed tomograms reveal that early during sporulation, the chromosome in the forespore adopts a toroidal structure harboring 5.5-nm thick fibers. At the same stage, coat proteins at the surface of the forespore form a stack of amorphous or structured layers with distinct electron density, dimensions and organization. By analyzing mutant strains using cryo-electron tomography and transmission electron microscopy on resin sections, we distinguish seven nascent coat regions with different molecular properties, and propose a model for the contribution of coat morphogenetic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Bauda
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Gallet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jana Moravcova
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Helena Chan
- University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiri Novacek
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Guy Schoehn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Cecile Morlot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
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2
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Ezzedine JA, Uwizeye C, Si Larbi G, Villain G, Louwagie M, Schilling M, Hagenmuller P, Gallet B, Stewart A, Petroutsos D, Devime F, Salze P, Liger L, Jouhet J, Dumont M, Ravanel S, Amato A, Valay JG, Jouneau PH, Falconet D, Maréchal E. Adaptive traits of cysts of the snow alga Sanguina nivaloides unveiled by 3D subcellular imaging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7500. [PMID: 37980360 PMCID: PMC10657455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sanguina nivaloides is the main alga forming red snowfields in high mountains and Polar Regions. It is non-cultivable. Analysis of environmental samples by X-ray tomography, focused-ion-beam scanning-electron-microscopy, physicochemical and physiological characterization reveal adaptive traits accounting for algal capacity to reside in snow. Cysts populate liquid water at the periphery of ice, are photosynthetically active, can survive for months, and are sensitive to freezing. They harbor a wrinkled plasma membrane expanding the interface with environment. Ionomic analysis supports a cell efflux of K+, and assimilation of phosphorus. Glycerolipidomic analysis confirms a phosphate limitation. The chloroplast contains thylakoids oriented in all directions, fixes carbon in a central pyrenoid and produces starch in peripheral protuberances. Analysis of cells kept in the dark shows that starch is a short-term carbon storage. The biogenesis of cytosolic droplets shows that they are loaded with triacylglycerol and carotenoids for long-term carbon storage and protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade A Ezzedine
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Clarisse Uwizeye
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Grégory Si Larbi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaelle Villain
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Louwagie
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marion Schilling
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Hagenmuller
- Centre d'Etudes de la Neige, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, CNRM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoît Gallet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives; IRIG, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Adeline Stewart
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabienne Devime
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Salze
- Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; 2233 rue de la piscine, Domaine Universitaire, 38610, Gières, France
| | - Lucie Liger
- Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; 2233 rue de la piscine, Domaine Universitaire, 38610, Gières, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Dumont
- Centre d'Etudes de la Neige, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, CNRM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Ravanel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Gabriel Valay
- Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; 2233 rue de la piscine, Domaine Universitaire, 38610, Gières, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jouneau
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Falconet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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Zapata Dominguez D, Berhaut CL, Buzlukov A, Bardet M, Kumar P, Jouneau PH, Desrues A, Soloy A, Haon C, Herlin-Boime N, Tardif S, Lyonnard S, Pouget S. (De)Lithiation and Strain Mechanism in Crystalline Ge Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2022; 16:9819-9829. [PMID: 35613437 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Germanium is a promising active material for high energy density anodes in Li-ion batteries thanks to its good Li-ion conduction and mechanical properties. However, a deep understanding of the (de)lithiation mechanism of Ge requires advanced characterizations to correlate structural and chemical evolution during charge and discharge. Here we report a combined operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ex situ 7Li solid-state NMR investigation performed on crystalline germanium nanoparticles (c-Ge Nps) based anodes during partial and complete cycling at C/10 versus Li metal. High-resolution XRD data, acquired along three successive partial cycles, revealed the formation process of crystalline core-amorphous shell particles and their associated strain behavior, demonstrating the reversibility of the c-Ge lattice strain, unlike what is observed in the crystalline silicon nanoparticles. Moreover, the crystalline and amorphous lithiated phases formed during a complete lithiation cycle are identified. Amorphous Li7Ge3 and Li7Ge2 are formed successively, followed by the appearance of crystalline Li15Ge4 (c-Li15Ge4) at the end of lithiation. These results highlight the enhanced mechanical properties of germanium compared to silicon, which can mitigate pulverization and increase structural stability, in the perspective for developing high-performance anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anton Buzlukov
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Bardet
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Praveen Kumar
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Antoine Desrues
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA-Saclay, NIMBE, UMR 3685 CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Adrien Soloy
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA-Saclay, NIMBE, UMR 3685 CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Cédric Haon
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, DEHT, STB, LM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Herlin-Boime
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA-Saclay, NIMBE, UMR 3685 CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Samuel Tardif
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphanie Pouget
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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4
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Cojocaru R, Mannix O, Capron M, Miller CG, Jouneau PH, Gallet B, Falconet D, Pacureanu A, Stukins S. A biological nanofoam: The wall of coniferous bisaccate pollen. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabd0892. [PMID: 35138906 PMCID: PMC8827650 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd0892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The outer layer of the pollen grain, the exine, plays a key role in the survival of terrestrial plant life. However, the exine structure in different groups of plants remains enigmatic. Here, modern and fossil coniferous bisaccate pollen were examined to investigate the detailed three-dimensional structure and properties of the pollen wall. X-ray nanotomography and volume electron microscopy are used to provide high-resolution imagery, revealing a solid nanofoam structure. Atomic force microscopy measurements were used to compare the pollen wall with other natural and synthetic foams and to demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the wall in this type of pollen are retained for millions of years in fossil specimens. The microscopic structure of this robust biological material has potential applications in materials sciences and also contributes to our understanding of the evolutionary success of conifers and other plants over geological time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Cojocaru
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Oonagh Mannix
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Capron
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
- Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter, ESRF–The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - C. Giles Miller
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | | | - Benoit Gallet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Falconet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Stephen Stukins
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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5
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Tardillo Suárez V, Gallet B, Chevallet M, Jouneau PH, Tucoulou R, Veronesi G, Deniaud A. Correlative transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution hard X-ray fluorescence microscopy of cell sections to measure trace element concentrations at the organelle level. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107766. [PMID: 34216761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metals are essential for life and their concentration and distribution in organisms are tightly regulated. Indeed, in their free form, most transition metal ions are toxic. Therefore, an excess of physiologic metal ions or the uptake of non-physiologic metal ions can be highly detrimental to the organism. It is thus fundamental to understand metal distribution under physiological, pathological or environmental conditions, for instance in metal-related pathologies or upon environmental exposure to metals. Elemental imaging techniques can serve this purpose, by allowing the visualization and the quantification of metal species in tissues down to the level of cell organelles. Synchrotron radiation-based X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) microscopy is one of the most sensitive techniques to date, and great progress was made to reach nanoscale spatial resolution. Here we propose a correlative method to couple SR-XRF to electron microscopy (EM), with the possibility to quantify selected elemental contents in a specific organelle of interest with 50 × 50 nm2 raster scan resolution. We performed EM and SR-XRF on the same section of hepatocytes exposed to silver nanoparticles, in order to identify mitochondria through EM and visualize Ag co-localized with these organelles through SR-XRF. We demonstrate the accumulation of silver in mitochondria, which can reach a 10-fold higher silver concentration compared to the surrounding cytosol. The sample preparation and experimental setup can be adapted to other scientific questions, making the correlative use of SR-XRF and EM suitable to address a large panel of biological questions related to metal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoit Gallet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Mireille Chevallet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Rémi Tucoulou
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron. 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron. 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Aurélien Deniaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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6
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Huynh N, Cosas Fernandes JP, Mareau VH, Gonon L, Pouget S, Jouneau PH, Porcar L, Mendil-Jakani H. Unveiling the multiscale morphology of chemically stabilized proton exchange membranes for fuel cells by means of Fourier and real space studies. Nanoscale Adv 2021; 3:2567-2576. [PMID: 36134147 PMCID: PMC9418181 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We recently presented the elaboration and functional properties of a new generation of hybrid membranes for PEMFC applications showing promising performances and durability. The strategy was to form, inside a commercial sPEEK membrane, via in situ sol-gel (SG) synthesis, a reactive SG phase able to reduce oxidative species generated during FC operation. In order to understand structure-properties interplay, we use a combination of direct space (AFM/3D FIB-SEM) and reciprocal space (SANS/WAXS) techniques to cover dimensional scales ranging from a hundred to few nanometers. AFM modulus images showed the SG phase distributed into spherical domains whose size increases with the SG uptake (ca. 100-200 nm range). Using contrast variation SANS, we observed that the sPEEK nanostructure is mostly unaffected by the insertion of the SG phase which presents a fractal-like multiscale structure. Additionally, the size of both the particles (aggregates/primary) is much too large to be sequestered in the ionic pathways of sPEEK. These findings indicate that the SG-NPs mainly grow within the amorphous interbundle domains. Noticeable rightward shift and widening of the ionomer peak are observed with the SG content, suggesting ion channel compression and greater heterogeneity of the ionic domain size. The SG phase develops in the interbundle regions with a limited impact on the water uptake but leading to a discontinuity of ionic conductivity. This Fourier and real spaces study clarifies the structure of the hybrid membranes and brings into the question the ideal distribution/localization of the SG phase to optimize the membrane's stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Huynh
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, UMR CNRS 5223 Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères F-69622 Lyon France
| | | | - Vincent H Mareau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Laurent Gonon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
| | | | | | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue Langevin F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
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7
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Dussert F, Wegner KD, Moriscot C, Gallet B, Jouneau PH, Reiss P, Carriere M. Evaluation of the Dermal Toxicity of InZnP Quantum Dots Before and After Accelerated Weathering: Toward a Safer-By-Design Strategy. Front Toxicol 2021; 3:636976. [PMID: 35295141 PMCID: PMC8915823 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.636976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are colloidal fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals with exceptional optical properties. Their widespread use, particularly in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), displays, and photovoltaics, is questioning their potential toxicity. The most widely used QDs are CdSe and CdTe QDs, but due to the toxicity of cadmium (Cd), their use in electrical and electronic equipment is now restricted in the European Union through the Restriction of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS) directive. This has prompted the development of safer alternatives to Cd-based QDs; among them, InP QDs are the most promising ones. We recently developed RoHS-compliant QDs with an alloyed core composed of InZnP coated with a Zn(Se,S) gradient shell, which was further coated with an additional ZnS shell to protect the QDs from oxidative surface degradation. In this study, the toxicity of single-shelled InZnP/Zn(Se,S) core/gradient shell and of double-shelled InZnP/Zn(Se,S)/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs was evaluated both in their pristine form and after aging in a climatic chamber, mimicking a realistic environmental weathering. We show that both pristine and aged QDs, whatever their composition, accumulate in the cytoplasm of human primary keratinocytes where they form agglomerates at the vicinity of the nucleus. Pristine QDs do not show overt toxicity to cells, while aged QDs show cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and significantly modulate the mRNA expression of proteins involved in zinc homeostasis, cell redox response, and inflammation. While the three aged QDs show similar toxicity, the toxicity of pristine gradient-shell QD is higher than that of pristine double-shell QD, confirming that adding a second shell is a promising safer-by-design strategy. Taken together, these results suggest that end-of-life degradation products from InP-based QDs are detrimental to skin cells in case of accidental exposure and that the mechanisms driving this effect are oxidative stress, inflammation, and disturbance of cell metal homeostasis, particularly Zn homeostasis. Further efforts to promote safer-by-design formulations of QDs, for instance by reducing the In and Zn content and/or implementing a more robust outer shell, are therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Dussert
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, CIBEST, Grenoble, France
| | - Karl David Wegner
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, STEP, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Moriscot
- Integrated Structural Biology Grenoble (ISBG), UMS 3518, CNRS, CEA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Gallet
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Peter Reiss
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, STEP, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Carriere
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, CIBEST, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Marie Carriere
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8
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Biquard X, Ballet P, Tuaz A, Jouneau PH, Rieutord F. Submicronic Laue diffraction to determine in-depth strain in very closely matched complex HgCdTe/CdZnTe heterostructures with a 10 -5 resolution. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:181-187. [PMID: 33399567 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520013211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cross-sectional submicronic Laue diffraction has been successfully applied to HgCdTe/CdZnTe heterostructures to provide accurate strain profiles from substrate to surface. Combined with chemical-sensitive techniques, this approach allows correlation of lattice-mismatch, interface compositional gradient and strain while isolating specific layer contributions which would otherwise be averaged using conventional X-ray diffraction. The submicronic spatial resolution allowed by the synchrotron white beam size is particularly suited to complex infrared detector designed structures such as dual-color detectors. The extreme strain resolution of 10-5 required for the very low lattice-mismatch system HgCdTe/CdZnTe is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Biquard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - P Ballet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Tuaz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - P H Jouneau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - F Rieutord
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, 38000 Grenoble, France
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9
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Vorauer T, Kumar P, Berhaut CL, Chamasemani FF, Jouneau PH, Aradilla D, Tardif S, Pouget S, Fuchsbichler B, Helfen L, Atalay S, Widanage WD, Koller S, Lyonnard S, Brunner R. Multi-scale quantification and modeling of aged nanostructured silicon-based composite anodes. Commun Chem 2020; 3:141. [PMID: 36703381 PMCID: PMC9814897 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced anode material designs utilizing dual phase alloy systems like Si/FeSi2 nano-composites show great potential to decrease the capacity degrading and improve the cycling capability for Lithium (Li)-ion batteries. Here, we present a multi-scale characterization approach to understand the (de-)lithiation and irreversible volumetric changes of the amorphous silicon (a-Si)/crystalline iron-silicide (c-FeSi2) nanoscale phase and its evolution due to cycling, as well as their impact on the proximate pore network. Scattering and 2D/3D imaging techniques are applied to probe the anode structural ageing from nm to μm length scales, after up to 300 charge-discharge cycles, and combined with modeling using the collected image data as an input. We obtain a quantified insight into the inhomogeneous lithiation of the active material induced by the morphology changes due to cycling. The electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries does not only depend on the active material used, but also on the architecture of its proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vorauer
- grid.474102.40000 0000 8788 3619Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, A8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Praveen Kumar
- grid.457348.9University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM, Grenoble, 38000 France
| | - Christopher L. Berhaut
- grid.457348.9University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, Grenoble, 38000 France
| | | | - Pierre-Henri Jouneau
- grid.457348.9University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM, Grenoble, 38000 France
| | - David Aradilla
- grid.457348.9University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, Grenoble, 38000 France
| | - Samuel Tardif
- grid.457348.9University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM, Grenoble, 38000 France
| | - Stephanie Pouget
- grid.457348.9University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM, Grenoble, 38000 France
| | - Bernd Fuchsbichler
- grid.451441.10000 0004 4659 8159Varta Micro Innovation GmbH, A8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Helfen
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany ,grid.156520.50000 0004 0647 2236Institut Laue–Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Selcuk Atalay
- grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Stefan Koller
- grid.451441.10000 0004 4659 8159Varta Micro Innovation GmbH, A8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- grid.457348.9University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, Grenoble, 38000 France
| | - Roland Brunner
- grid.474102.40000 0000 8788 3619Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, A8700 Leoben, Austria
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10
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Karuppiah S, Keller C, Kumar P, Jouneau PH, Aldakov D, Ducros JB, Lapertot G, Chenevier P, Haon C. A Scalable Silicon Nanowires-Grown-On-Graphite Composite for High-Energy Lithium Batteries. ACS Nano 2020; 14:12006-12015. [PMID: 32902949 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is the most promising anode candidate for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries but difficult to cycle due to its poor electronic conductivity and large volume change during cycling. Nanostructured Si-based materials allow high loading and cycling stability but remain a challenge for process and engineering. We prepare a Si nanowires-grown-on-graphite one-pot composite (Gt-SiNW) via a simple and scalable route. The uniform distribution of SiNW and the graphite flakes alignment prevent electrode pulverization and accommodate volume expansion during cycling, resulting in very low electrode swelling. Our designed nanoarchitecture delivers outstanding electrochemical performance with a capacity retention of 87% after 250 cycles at 2C rate with an industrial electrode density of 1.6 g cm-3. Full cells with NMC-622 cathode display a capacity retention of 70% over 300 cycles. This work provides insights into the fruitful engineering of active composites at the nano- and microscales to design efficient Si-rich anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Karuppiah
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SYMMES, STEP, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, DEHT, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Keller
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SYMMES, STEP, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, DEHT, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, LEMMA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Dmitry Aldakov
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SYMMES, STEP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Gérard Lapertot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, PHELIQS, IMAPEC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pascale Chenevier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SYMMES, STEP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cédric Haon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, DEHT, 38000 Grenoble, France
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11
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Sharma VR, Shrivastava A, Gallet B, Karepina E, Charbonnier P, Chevallet M, Jouneau PH, Deniaud A. Canalicular domain structure and function in matrix-free hepatic spheroids. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:485-496. [PMID: 31755497 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver is pivotal in organism metabolism. This organ is receiving nutriments from the portal vein and then storing, metabolizing, distributing in the circulation or excreting excess and xenobiotics in bile. Liver architecture and hepatocyte polarization are crucial to achieve these functions. To study these mechanisms in details, relevant cell culture systems are required, which is not the case with standard 2D cell culture. Besides, primary hepatocytes rapidly de-differenciate making them inefficient in forming physiological system. Herein, we used an hepatoma-derived cell line to produce matrix-free hepatic spheroids and developed an integrated structural cell biology methodology by combining light sheet fluorescence microscopy and 3D electron microscopy to study their function and structure. Within these spheroids, hepatocytes polarize and organize to form bile canaliculi active for both organics and inorganics excretion. Besides, live imaging revealed the high dynamic of actin networks in basal membranes compared to their high stability in the apical pole that constitutes bile canaliculi. Finally, the first structure of active bile canaliculi was solved at nm resolution and showed the very high density of microvilli coming from all cells constituting the canaliculus. Therefore, this study is the first comprehensive and in-depth functional and structural study of bile canaliculi in a physiological-relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Raj Sharma
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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12
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Kumar P, Berhaut CL, Zapata Dominguez D, De Vito E, Tardif S, Pouget S, Lyonnard S, Jouneau PH. Nano-Architectured Composite Anode Enabling Long-Term Cycling Stability for High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries. Small 2020; 16:e1906812. [PMID: 32091177 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Failure mechanisms associated with silicon-based anodes are limiting the implementation of high-capacity lithium-ion batteries. Understanding the aging mechanism that deteriorates the anode performance and introducing novel-architectured composites offer new possibilities for improving the functionality of the electrodes. Here, the characterization of nano-architectured composite anode composed of active amorphous silicon domains (a-Si, 20 nm) and crystalline iron disilicide (c-FeSi2 , 5-15 nm) alloyed particles dispersed in a graphite matrix is reported. This unique hierarchical architecture yields long-term mechanical, structural, and cycling stability. Using advanced electron microscopy techniques, the nanoscale morphology and chemical evolution of the active particles upon lithiation/delithiation are investigated. Due to the volumetric variations of Si during lithiation/delithiation, the morphology of the a-Si/c-FeSi2 alloy evolves from a core-shell to a tree-branch type structure, wherein the continuous network of the active a-Si remains intact yielding capacity retention of 70% after 700 cycles. The root cause of electrode polarization, initial capacity fading, and electrode swelling is discussed and has profound implications for the development of stable lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Eric De Vito
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Tardif
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphanie Pouget
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-SyMMES, 38000, Grenoble, France
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13
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Marchioni M, Veronesi G, Worms I, Ling WL, Gallon T, Leonard D, Gateau C, Chevallet M, Jouneau PH, Carlini L, Battocchio C, Delangle P, Michaud-Soret I, Deniaud A. Safer-by-design biocides made of tri-thiol bridged silver nanoparticle assemblies. Nanoscale Horiz 2020; 5:507-513. [PMID: 32118225 DOI: 10.1039/c9nh00286c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are efficient biocides increasingly used in consumer products and medical devices. Their activity is due to their capacity to release bioavailable Ag(i) ions making them long-lasting biocides but AgNPs themselves are usually easily released from the product. Besides, AgNPs are highly sensitive to various chemical environments that triggers their transformation, decreasing their activity. Altogether, widespread use of AgNPs leads to bacterial resistance and safety concerns for humans and the environment. There is thus a crucial need for improvement. Herein, a proof of concept for a novel biocide based on AgNP assemblies bridged together by a tri-thiol bioinspired ligand is presented. The final nanomaterial is stable and less sensitive to chemical environments with AgNPs completely covered by organic molecules tightly bound via their thiol functions. Therefore, these AgNP assemblies can be considered as safer-by-design and innovative biocides, since they deliver a sufficient amount of Ag(i) for biocidal activity with no release of AgNPs, which are insensitive to transformations in the nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Marchioni
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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14
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Amichi L, Mouton I, Boureau V, Di Russo E, Vennéguès P, De Mierry P, Grenier A, Jouneau PH, Bougerol C, Cooper D. Correlative investigation of Mg doping in GaN layers grown at different temperatures by atom probe tomography and off-axis electron holography. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:045702. [PMID: 31577995 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4a46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Correlation between off-axis electron holography and atom probe tomography (APT) provides morphological, chemical and electrical information about Mg doping (p-type) in gallium nitride (GaN) layers that have been grown at different temperatures at a nanometric scale. APT allows access to the three-dimensional distribution of atoms and their chemical nature. In particular, this technique allows visualisation of the Mg-rich clusters observed in p-doped GaN layers grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition. As the layer growth temperature increases, the cluster density decreases but their size indicted by the number of atoms increases. Moreover, APT reveals that threading dislocations are decorated with Mg atoms. Off-axis electron holography provides complementary information about the electrical activity of the Mg doping. As only a small fraction of dopant atoms are ionised at room temperature, this fraction is increased by annealing the specimen to 400 °C in situ in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). A strong reduction of the dopant electrical activity is observed for increases in the layer growth temperature. The correlation of APT with TEM-based techniques was shown to be a unique approach in order to investigate how the growth temperature affects both the chemical distribution and electrical activity of Mg dopant atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Amichi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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15
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Berhaut CL, Dominguez DZ, Kumar P, Jouneau PH, Porcher W, Aradilla D, Tardif S, Pouget S, Lyonnard S. Multiscale Multiphase Lithiation and Delithiation Mechanisms in a Composite Electrode Unraveled by Simultaneous Operando Small-Angle and Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering. ACS Nano 2019; 13:11538-11551. [PMID: 31560519 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The (de)lithiation process and resulting atomic and nanoscale morphological changes of an a-Si/c-FeSi2/graphite composite negative electrode are investigated within a Li-ion full cell at several current rates (C-rates) and after prolonged cycling by simultaneous operando synchrotron wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS). WAXS allows the probing of the local crystalline structure. In particular, the observation of the graphite (de)lithiation process, revealed by the LixC6 Bragg reflections, enables access to the respective capacities of both graphite and active silicon. Simultaneously and independently, information on the silicon state of (de)lithiation and nanoscale morphology (1 to 60 nm) is obtained through SAXS. During lithiation, the SAXS intensity in the region corresponding to characteristic distances within the a-Si/c-FeSi2 domains increases. The combination of the SAXS/WAXS measurements over the course of several charge/discharge cycles, in pristine and aged electrodes, provides a complete picture of the C-rate-dependent sequential (de)lithiation mechanism of the a-Si/c-FeSi2/graphite anode. Our results indicate that, within the composite electrode, the active silicon volume does not increase linearly with lithium insertion and point toward the important role of the electrode morphology to accommodate the nanoscale silicon expansion, an effect that remains beneficial after cell aging and most probably explains the excellent performance of the composite material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Praveen Kumar
- University Grenoble Alpes , CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | | | - Willy Porcher
- University Grenoble Alpes , CEA-Liten, F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | - David Aradilla
- University Grenoble Alpes , CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | - Samuel Tardif
- University Grenoble Alpes , CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | - Stéphanie Pouget
- University Grenoble Alpes , CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- University Grenoble Alpes , CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38054 Grenoble , France
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16
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Decelle J, Stryhanyuk H, Gallet B, Veronesi G, Schmidt M, Balzano S, Marro S, Uwizeye C, Jouneau PH, Lupette J, Jouhet J, Maréchal E, Schwab Y, Schieber NL, Tucoulou R, Richnow H, Finazzi G, Musat N. Algal Remodeling in a Ubiquitous Planktonic Photosymbiosis. Curr Biol 2019; 29:968-978.e4. [PMID: 30827917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosymbiosis between single-celled hosts and microalgae is common in oceanic plankton, especially in oligotrophic surface waters. However, the functioning of this ecologically important cell-cell interaction and the subcellular mechanisms allowing the host to accommodate and benefit from its microalgae remain enigmatic. Here, using a combination of quantitative single-cell structural and chemical imaging techniques (FIB-SEM, nanoSIMS, Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence), we show that the structural organization, physiology, and trophic status of the algal symbionts (the haptophyte Phaeocystis) significantly change within their acantharian hosts compared to their free-living phase in culture. In symbiosis, algal cell division is blocked, photosynthesis is enhanced, and cell volume is increased by up to 10-fold with a higher number of plastids (from 2 to up to 30) and thylakoid membranes. The multiplication of plastids can lead to a 38-fold increase of the total plastid volume in a cell. Subcellular mapping of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) and their stoichiometric ratios shows that symbiotic algae are impoverished in phosphorous and suggests a higher investment in energy-acquisition machinery rather than in growth. Nanoscale imaging also showed that the host supplies a substantial amount of trace metals (e.g., iron and cobalt), which are stored in algal vacuoles at high concentrations (up to 660 ppm). Sulfur mapping reveals a high concentration in algal vacuoles that may be a source of antioxidant molecules. Overall, this study unveils an unprecedented morphological and metabolic transformation of microalgae following their integration into a host, and it suggests that this widespread symbiosis is a farming strategy wherein the host engulfs and exploits microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Decelle
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hryhoriy Stryhanyuk
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benoit Gallet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux UMR 5249, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France; ESRF, The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sergio Balzano
- NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Marro
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche UMR7093, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Clarisse Uwizeye
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jouneau
- Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Josselin Lupette
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole L Schieber
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rémi Tucoulou
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Hans Richnow
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Niculina Musat
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Siladie AM, Amichi L, Mollard N, Mouton I, Bonef B, Bougerol C, Grenier A, Robin E, Jouneau PH, Garro N, Cros A, Daudin B. Dopant radial inhomogeneity in Mg-doped GaN nanowires. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:255706. [PMID: 29620532 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aabbd6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using atom probe tomography, it is demonstrated that Mg doping of GaN nanowires grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy results in a marked radial inhomogeneity, namely a higher Mg content in the periphery of the nanowires. This spatial inhomogeneity is attributed to a preferential incorporation of Mg through the m-plane sidewalls of nanowires and is related to the formation of a Mg-rich surface which is stabilized by hydrogen. This is further supported by Raman spectroscopy experiments which give evidence of Mg-H complexes in the doped nanowires. A Mg doping mechanism such as this, specific to nanowires, may lead to higher levels of Mg doping than in layers, boosting the potential interest of nanowires for light emitting diode applications.
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18
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Marchioni M, Jouneau PH, Chevallet M, Michaud-Soret I, Deniaud A. Silver nanoparticle fate in mammals: Bridging in vitro and in vivo studies. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Bonef B, Boukari H, Grenier A, Mouton I, Jouneau PH, Kinjo H, Kuroda S. Atomic Scale Structural Characterization of Epitaxial (Cd,Cr)Te Magnetic Semiconductor. Microsc Microanal 2017; 23:717-723. [PMID: 28587692 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A detailed knowledge of the atomic structure of magnetic semiconductors is crucial to understanding their electronic and magnetic properties, which could enable spintronic applications. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in the scanning transmission electron microscope and atom probe tomography (APT) experiments reveal the formation of Cr-rich regions in Cd1-x Cr x Te layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. These Cr-rich regions occur on a length scale of 6-10 nm at a nominal Cr composition of x=0.034 and evolve toward an ellipsoidal shape oriented along directions at a composition of x=0.083. Statistical analysis of the APT reconstructed volume reveals that the Cr aggregation increases with the average Cr composition. The correlation with the magnetic properties of such (Cd,Cr)Te layers is discussed within the framework of strongly inhomogeneous materials. Finally, difficulties in accurately quantifying the Cr distribution in the CdTe matrix on an atomic scale by EDX and APT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hidekazu Kinjo
- 5Institute of Materials Science,University of Tsukuba,Tsukuba, 305-8573,Japan
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- 5Institute of Materials Science,University of Tsukuba,Tsukuba, 305-8573,Japan
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20
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Flori S, Jouneau PH, Bailleul B, Gallet B, Estrozi LF, Moriscot C, Bastien O, Eicke S, Schober A, Bártulos CR, Maréchal E, Kroth PG, Petroutsos D, Zeeman S, Breyton C, Schoehn G, Falconet D, Finazzi G. Plastid thylakoid architecture optimizes photosynthesis in diatoms. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28631733 PMCID: PMC5481826 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a unique process that allows independent colonization of the land by plants and of the oceans by phytoplankton. Although the photosynthesis process is well understood in plants, we are still unlocking the mechanisms evolved by phytoplankton to achieve extremely efficient photosynthesis. Here, we combine biochemical, structural and in vivo physiological studies to unravel the structure of the plastid in diatoms, prominent marine eukaryotes. Biochemical and immunolocalization analyses reveal segregation of photosynthetic complexes in the loosely stacked thylakoid membranes typical of diatoms. Separation of photosystems within subdomains minimizes their physical contacts, as required for improved light utilization. Chloroplast 3D reconstruction and in vivo spectroscopy show that these subdomains are interconnected, ensuring fast equilibration of electron carriers for efficient optimum photosynthesis. Thus, diatoms and plants have converged towards a similar functional distribution of the photosystems although via different thylakoid architectures, which likely evolved independently in the land and the ocean. Phytoplankton and plant plastids have distinct evolutionary origins and membrane organization. Here Flori et al. show that diatom photosynthetic complexes spatially segregate into interconnected subdomains within loose thylakoid stacks enabling fast diffusion of electron carriers and efficient photosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Flori
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jouneau
- Laboratoire d'Etudes des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, Service de Physique des Matériaux et Microstructures, CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble Cédex 9, France
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), UMR 7141, CNRS and Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Gallet
- CNRS, UMR 5075 CNRS, CEA, UGA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Leandro F Estrozi
- CNRS, UMR 5075 CNRS, CEA, UGA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Moriscot
- CNRS, UMR 5075 CNRS, CEA, UGA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Bastien
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Simona Eicke
- Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schober
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Eric Maréchal
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Peter G Kroth
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Zeeman
- Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Breyton
- CNRS, UMR 5075 CNRS, CEA, UGA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Schoehn
- CNRS, UMR 5075 CNRS, CEA, UGA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Falconet
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Pernet-Gallay K, Jouneau PH, Bertrand A, Delaroche J, Farion R, Rémy C, Barbier EL. Vascular permeability in the RG2 glioma model can be mediated by macropinocytosis and be independent of the opening of the tight junction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1264-1275. [PMID: 27306752 PMCID: PMC5453449 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16654157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the extravasation pathways of circulating macromolecules in a rat glioma model (RG2) which was observed by both magnetic resonance imaging using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide and electron microscopy. Although magnetic resonance imaging signal enhancement was observed as soon as 10 min after injection (9.4% 2 h after injection), electron microscopy showed that endothelial cells were still tightly sealed. However, circulating immunoglobulin G and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide were found in large membrane compartments of endothelial cells, in the basal lamina (7.4 ± 1.2 gold particles/µm2 in the tumor versus 0.38 ± 0.17 in healthy tissue, p = 1.4.10-5) and between tumoral cells. Altogether, this strongly suggests an active transport mediated by macropinocytosis. To challenge this transport mechanism, additional rats were treated with amiloride, an inhibitor of macropinocytosis, leading to a reduction of membrane protrusions (66%) and of macropinosomes. Amiloride however also opened tumoral tight junctions allowing a larger extravasation of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (magnetic resonance imaging signal enhancement of 35.7% 2 h after injection). Altogether, these results suggest that ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide and immunoglobulin G in the RG2 glioma model follow an active extravasation pathway mediated by a macropinocytosis process. Amiloride also appears as a potential strategy to facilitate the extravasation of chemotherapeutic drugs in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Pernet-Gallay
- INSERM, U 1216, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jouneau
- CEA, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Bertrand
- INSERM, U 1216, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Delaroche
- INSERM, U 1216, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Régine Farion
- INSERM, U 1216, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Chantal Rémy
- INSERM, U 1216, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- INSERM, U 1216, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France
- Emmanuel L Barbier, U1216 – Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, BP 217—CHU Grenoble, F-38043 Grenoble cedex, France.
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22
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Bonef B, Lopez-Haro M, Amichi L, Beeler M, Grenier A, Robin E, Jouneau PH, Mollard N, Mouton I, Haas B, Monroy E, Bougerol C. Composition Analysis of III-Nitrides at the Nanometer Scale: Comparison of Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Atom Probe Tomography. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11:461. [PMID: 27757941 PMCID: PMC5069209 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of the performance of advanced nitride-based optoelectronic devices requires the fine tuning of their composition, which has to be determined with a high accuracy and at the nanometer scale. For that purpose, we have evaluated and compared energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and atom probe tomography (APT) in terms of composition analysis of AlGaN/GaN multilayers. Both techniques give comparable results with a composition accuracy better than 0.6 % even for layers as thin as 3 nm. In case of EDX, we show the relevance of correcting the X-ray absorption by simultaneous determination of the mass thickness and chemical composition at each point of the analysis. Limitations of both techniques are discussed when applied to specimens with different geometries or compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Bonef
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- INAC, CEA-Grenoble, 17 av. des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Miguel Lopez-Haro
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- INAC, CEA-Grenoble, 17 av. des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lynda Amichi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- INAC, CEA-Grenoble, 17 av. des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mark Beeler
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- INAC, CEA-Grenoble, 17 av. des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Adeline Grenier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- LETI, CEA-Grenoble, MINATEC Campus, 17 av. des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Robin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- INAC, CEA-Grenoble, 17 av. des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jouneau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- INAC, CEA-Grenoble, 17 av. des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Mollard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- INAC, CEA-Grenoble, 17 av. des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Mouton
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- LETI, CEA-Grenoble, MINATEC Campus, 17 av. des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benedikt Haas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- INAC, CEA-Grenoble, 17 av. des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eva Monroy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- INAC, CEA-Grenoble, 17 av. des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Bougerol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut NEEL, CNRS, 24 av. des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Chevallet M, Gallet B, Fuchs A, Jouneau PH, Um K, Mintz E, Michaud-Soret I. Metal homeostasis disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes exposed to sub-toxic doses of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2016; 8:18495-18506. [PMID: 27782264 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased production and use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in consumer products has prompted the scientific community to investigate their potential toxicity, and understand their impact on the environment and organisms. Molecular mechanisms involved in ZnO-NP toxicity are still under debate and focus essentially on high dose expositions. In our study, we chose to evaluate the effect of sub-toxic doses of ZnO-NPs on human hepatocytes (HepG2) with a focus on metal homeostasis and redox balance disruptions. We showed massive dissolution of ZnO-NPs outside the cell, transport and accumulation of zinc ions inside the cell but no evidence of nanoparticle entry, even when analysed by high resolution TEM microscopy coupled with EDX. Gene expression analysis highlighted zinc homeostasis disruptions as shown by metallothionein 1X and zinc transporter 1 and 2 (ZnT1, ZnT2) over-expression. Major oxidative stress response genes, such as superoxide dismutase 1, 2 and catalase were not induced. Phase 2 enzymes in term of antioxidant response, such as heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and the regulating subunit of the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) were slightly upregulated, but these observations may be linked solely to metal homeostasis disruptions, as these actors are involved in both metal and ROS responses. Finally, we observed abnormal mitochondria morphologies and autophagy vesicles in response to ZnO-NPs, indicating a potential role of mitochondria in storing and protecting cells from zinc excess but ultimately causing cell death at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chevallet
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), UMR 5249, Grenoble, France. and CEA, BIG, LCBM, Grenoble, France. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, Grenoble, France
| | - B Gallet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France and CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France and CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - A Fuchs
- CEA, BIG, DIR, Grenoble, France
| | - P H Jouneau
- CEA, INAC, Minatec campus, Grenoble, France and Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-MEM-LEMMA, Grenoble, France
| | - K Um
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), UMR 5249, Grenoble, France. and CEA, BIG, LCBM, Grenoble, France. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, Grenoble, France
| | - E Mintz
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), UMR 5249, Grenoble, France. and CEA, BIG, LCBM, Grenoble, France. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, Grenoble, France
| | - I Michaud-Soret
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), UMR 5249, Grenoble, France. and CEA, BIG, LCBM, Grenoble, France. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LCBM, Grenoble, France
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Flori S, Jouneau PH, Finazzi G, Maréchal E, Falconet D. Ultrastructure of the Periplastidial Compartment of the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Protist 2016; 167:254-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Takacs H, Viala B, Hermán V, Tortai JH, Duclairoir F, Alarcon Ramos J, Jouneau PH, Okuno H, Tallec G. Non-conductive ferromagnets based on core double-shell nanoparticles for radio-electric applications. Springerplus 2016; 5:496. [PMID: 27186460 PMCID: PMC4840130 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two fabrication schemes of magnetic metal-polymer nanocomposites films are described. The nanocomposites are made of graphene-coated cobalt nanoparticles embedded in a polystyrene matrix. Scheme 1 uses non-covalent chemistry while scheme 2 involves covalent bonding with radicals. Preservation of the net-moment of cobalt and electrical insulation are achieved by means of a core double-shell structure of cobalt–graphene–polystyrene. The graphene shell has two functions: it is a protective layer against metal core oxidation and it serves as the functionalization surface for polymer grafting as well. The polystyrene shell is used as an insulating layer between nanoparticles and improves nanoparticles dispersion inside the polystyrene matrix. The theoretical maximum volume filling ratio estimated at ~30 % is almost reached. The nanocomposites are shown to undergo percolation behavior but retain low conductivity (<1 S/m) at the highest filling ratio reached ~25 % leading to extremely low losses (10−3) at high frequency. Such low conductivity values are combined with large magnetization, as high as 0.9 T. Ability for radiofrequency applications is discussed in regards to the obtained magnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Takacs
- LETI, CEA, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France ; LTM, CNRS-UJF, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Bernard Viala
- LETI, CEA, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Vanessa Hermán
- LETI, CEA, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Hervé Tortai
- LTM, CNRS-UJF, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Florence Duclairoir
- INAC, CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France ; INAC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | | | - Hanako Okuno
- INAC, CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Gwenolé Tallec
- Visualization Sciences Group, FEI, 3 Impasse Rudolf Diesel, 33700 Mérignac, France
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26
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Zhang X, Lourenço-Martins H, Meuret S, Kociak M, Haas B, Rouvière JL, Jouneau PH, Bougerol C, Auzelle T, Jalabert D, Biquard X, Gayral B, Daudin B. InGaN nanowires with high InN molar fraction: growth, structural and optical properties. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:195704. [PMID: 27041669 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/19/195704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The structural and optical properties of axial GaN/InGaN/GaN nanowire heterostructures with high InN molar fractions grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been studied at the nanoscale by a combination of electron microscopy, extended x-ray absorption fine structure and nano-cathodoluminescence techniques. InN molar fractions up to 50% have been successfully incorporated without extended defects, as evidence of nanowire potentialities for practical device realisation in such a composition range. Taking advantage of the N-polarity of the self-nucleated GaN NWs grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111), the N-polar InGaN stability temperature diagram has been experimentally determined and found to extend to a higher temperature than its metal-polar counterpart. Furthermore, annealing of GaN-capped InGaN NWs up to 800 °C has been found to result in a 20 times increase of photoluminescence intensity, which is assigned to point defect curing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France. CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, 'Nanophysique et semiconducteurs' group, 38000 Grenoble, France. ALEDIA, 17 rue des martyrs, Bât. M23, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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27
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Park J, Sajjad MT, Jouneau PH, Ruseckas A, Faure-Vincent J, Samuel IDW, Reiss P, Aldakov D. Efficient eco-friendly inverted quantum dot sensitized solar cells. J Mater Chem A Mater 2016; 4:827-837. [PMID: 27478616 PMCID: PMC4936380 DOI: 10.1039/c5ta06769c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in quantum dot (QD) sensitized solar cells has demonstrated the possibility of low-cost and efficient photovoltaics. However, the standard device structure based on n-type materials often suffers from slow hole injection rate, which may lead to unbalanced charge transport. We have fabricated efficient p-type (inverted) QD sensitized cells, which combine the advantages of conventional QD cells with p-type dye sensitized configurations. Moreover, p-type QD sensitized cells can be used in highly promising tandem configurations with n-type ones. QDs without toxic Cd and Pb elements and with improved absorption and stability were successfully deposited onto mesoporous NiO electrode showing good coverage and penetration according to morphological analysis. Detailed photophysical charge transfer studies showed that high hole injection rates (108 s-1) observed in such systems are comparable with electron injection in conventional n-type QD assemblies. Inverted solar cells fabricated with various QDs demonstrate excellent power conversion efficiencies of up to 1.25%, which is 4 times higher than the best values for previous inverted QD sensitized cells. Attempts to passivate the surface of the QDs show that traditional methods of reduction of recombination in the QD sensitized cells are not applicable to the inverted architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyung Park
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , INAC-SPRAM , F-38000 Grenoble , France . ; CNRS , INAC-SPRAM , F-38000 Grenoble , France ; CEA , INAC-SPRAM , F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Muhammad T Sajjad
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , SUPA , School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews , Fife , UK .
| | | | - Arvydas Ruseckas
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , SUPA , School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews , Fife , UK .
| | - Jérôme Faure-Vincent
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , INAC-SPRAM , F-38000 Grenoble , France . ; CNRS , INAC-SPRAM , F-38000 Grenoble , France ; CEA , INAC-SPRAM , F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , SUPA , School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews , Fife , UK .
| | - Peter Reiss
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , INAC-SPRAM , F-38000 Grenoble , France . ; CNRS , INAC-SPRAM , F-38000 Grenoble , France ; CEA , INAC-SPRAM , F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Dmitry Aldakov
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , INAC-SPRAM , F-38000 Grenoble , France . ; CNRS , INAC-SPRAM , F-38000 Grenoble , France ; CEA , INAC-SPRAM , F-38000 Grenoble , France
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28
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Aude-Garcia C, Villiers F, Collin-Faure V, Pernet-Gallay K, Jouneau PH, Sorieul S, Mure G, Gerdil A, Herlin-Boime N, Carrière M, Rabilloud T. Differentin vitroexposure regimens of murine primary macrophages to silver nanoparticles induce different fates of nanoparticles and different toxicological and functional consequences. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:586-96. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1104738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Lopez-Haro M, Jiu T, Bayle-Guillemaud P, Jouneau PH, Chandezon F. Multiscale tomographic analysis of polymer-nanoparticle hybrid materials for solar cells. Nanoscale 2013; 5:10945-10955. [PMID: 24062024 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03202g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the study of the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of polymer and nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites used as active layers in solution-processed solar cells. The hybrid consists of blends of regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene) and CdSe nanorods. Electron tomography (ET) analysis performed in high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) allows resolving single nanorods in the hybrid blend. These results are compared with those obtained using focused ion beam coupled with scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), operated in a so-called 3D "slice-and-view" mode. This technique allows 3D information to be obtained on a whole device stack (hybrid active layers plus electrodes and the substrate) for significantly larger surface areas than with ET (~10 vs. ~0.1 μm(2)). The combination of ET and 3D FIB "slice-and-view" reconstructions provides complementary and coherent information on the 3D morphology of the hybrid systems at different length scales. Phase separation between the nanoparticles and the polymer is investigated by a quantitative analysis of the reconstructed volumes and is related to the performances of the hybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Lopez-Haro
- INAC/SP2M (UMR-E CEA-UJF)/LEMMA, Minatec, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
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30
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Perillat-Merceroz G, Thierry R, Jouneau PH, Ferret P, Feuillet G. Compared growth mechanisms of Zn-polar ZnO nanowires on O-polar ZnO and on sapphire. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:125702. [PMID: 22397812 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/12/125702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the growth of zinc oxide nanowires is necessary to optimize the performance of nanowire-based devices such as photovoltaic solar cells, nano-generators, or light-emitting diodes. With this in mind, we investigate the nucleation and growth mechanisms of ZnO nanowires grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy either on O-polar ZnO or on sapphire substrates. Whatever the substrate, ZnO nanowires are Zn-polar, as demonstrated by convergent beam electron diffraction. For growth on O-polar ZnO substrate, the nanowires are found to sit on O-polar pyramids. As growth proceeds, the inversion domain boundary moves up in order to remain at the top of the O-polar pyramids. For growth on sapphire substrates, the nanowires may also originate from the sapphire/ZnO interface. The presence of atomic steps and the non-polar character of sapphire could be the cause of the Zn-polar crystal nucleation on sapphire, whereas it is proposed that the segregation of aluminum impurities could account for the nucleation of inverted domains for growth on O-polar ZnO.
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31
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Thierry R, Perillat-Merceroz G, Jouneau PH, Ferret P, Feuillet G. Core-shell multi-quantum wells in ZnO/ZnMgO nanowires with high optical efficiency at room temperature. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:085705. [PMID: 22293624 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/8/085705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire-based light-emitting devices require multi-quantum well heterostructures with high room temperature optical efficiencies. We demonstrate that such efficiencies can be attained through the use of ZnO/Zn((1-x))Mg(x)O core-shell quantum well heterostructures grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. Varying the barrier Mg concentration from x = 0.15 to 0.3 leads to the formation of misfit induced dislocations in the multi-quantum wells. Correlatively, temperature dependent photoluminescence reveals that the radial well luminescence intensity decreases much less rapidly with increasing temperature for the lower Mg concentration. Indeed, about 54% of the 10 K intensity is retained at room temperature with x = 0.15, against 1% with x = 0.30. These results open the way to the realization of high optical efficiency nanowire-based light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thierry
- CEA, LETI, Minatec Campus, Grenoble, France
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Aldakov D, Jiu T, Zagorska M, Bettignies RD, Jouneau PH, Pron A, Chandezon F. Hybrid nanocomposites of CdSe nanocrystals distributed in complexing thiophene-based copolymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:7497-505. [DOI: 10.1039/b921239f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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do Amaral M, Bogner A, Gauthier C, Thollet G, Jouneau PH, Cavaillé JY, Asua JM. Novel Experimental Technique for the Determination of Monomer Droplet Size Distribution in Miniemulsion. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200400539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
With an angular orientation accuracy of at least 1 , the ability of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) to determine and emphasise crystallographic orientation is illustrated. Using the abilities of specially developed software for computing Euler angles derived from the scanned specimen, misorientations are pointed out with acceptable flexibility and graphic output through crystallographic orientation maps or pole figures. This ability is displayed in the particular case of laser cladding of nickel-based superalloy, a process that combines the advantages of a near net-shape manufacturing and a close control of the solidification microstructure (E-LMF: epitaxial laser metal forming).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cléton
- CIME, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bodin C, André R, Cibert J, Dang LS, Bellet D, Feuillet G, Jouneau PH. Optical linewidth and field fluctuations in piezoelectric quantum wells. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:13181-13186. [PMID: 9978116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Pelekanos NT, Peyla P, Dang LS, Mariette H, Jouneau PH, Tardot A, Magnea N. Ultrathin pseudomorphic layers of ZnTe in CdTe/(Cd,Zn)Te superlattices: A direct optical probe of the mixed-type band configuration. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:1517-1524. [PMID: 10008512 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Etgens VH, Sauvage-Simkin M, Pinchaux R, Massies J, Jedrecy N, Waldhauer A, Tatarenko S, Jouneau PH. ZnTe/GaAs(001): Growth mode and strain evolution during the early stages of molecular-beam-epitaxy heteroepitaxial growth. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 47:10607-10612. [PMID: 10005175 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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