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Tangviriyapaiboon D, Thaineua V, Sirithongthaworn S, Kanshana S, Damrongtamwattana S, Prasitwattanaseree S, Srikummoon P, Thongsak N, Thumronglaohapun S, Traisathit P. Factors Associated with Suspected Developmental Delay in Thai Children Born with Low Birth Weight or Asphyxia. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:631-640. [PMID: 37938440 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with a risk of suspected developmental delay (SDD) in high-risk children in Thailand. METHODS We used data on children enrolled for developmental delay (DD) screening across Thailand collected by the Rajanagarindra Institute of Child Development, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Children who were under 5 years of age with a birth weight of fewer than 2500 g and/or birth asphyxia in Thailand with high risk of DD were assessed using the Developmental Assessment for Intervention Manual (DAIM) between August 2013 and November 2019 (N = 14,314). RESULTS The high-risk children who had a gestational age at birth of < 37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval = 1.39-1.70) and/or had a birth weight < 2500 g (1.22; 1.02-1.45), or had mothers who were not government officers (1.46; 1.11-1.93), had a low education level (1.36; 1.19-1.55), had a poor nutritional status (1.34; 1.09-1.65), and/or who were living in a high-altitude area (1.59; 1.32-1.91) were at a higher risk of SDD. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Children with a low birth weight and/or asphyxia during birth had a high risk of DD. SDD monitoring of children by community health workers and/or by developing outreach strategies, especially in underserved regions, should be considered. In addition, developing policies and guidelines, and intervention for high-risk children ought to be conducted to reduce the subsequent problems caused by the late detection of DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangkamol Tangviriyapaiboon
- Rajanagarindra Institute of Child Development, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Vallop Thaineua
- Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Siripon Kanshana
- Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | - Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthapat Thongsak
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Thaineua V, Sirithongthaworn S, Kanshana S, Isaranurak S, Karnkawinpong O, Benjaponpitak A, Wattanayingcharoen S, Piensrivachara E, Srikummoon P, Thumronglaohapun S, Nakharutai N, Traisathit P, Tangviriyapaiboon D. A 9-year retrospective cohort study of the monitoring and screening of childhood developmental delay in Thailand. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13233. [PMID: 38345164 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental delay in early childhood can have negative long-term cognitive and psychiatric sequelae, along with poor academic achievement, so early screening and surveillance are paramount. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of screening and surveillance on child developmental delay using the Developmental Surveillance and Promotion Manual (DSPM) and the Thai Early Developmental Assessment for Intervention (TEDA4I) for Thai children aged 0-5 years old. METHODS Data were obtained from the routine developmental screening for specific disorders at ages 9, 18, 30, 42 and 60 months conducted using DSPM and TEDA4I from 2013 to 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data, and the results are visualised graphically herein. RESULTS Only 56% of the children were screened for child developmental delay using DSPM. The proportion of children screened increased from <1% in 2013 to 90% in 2021. Suspected developmental delay prevalence increased significantly from 3.91% in 2013-2015 to 10.00% in 2016-2018 and 26.48% in 2019-2021. Moreover, of the children with suspected developmental delay who received developmental stimulation within a month, only 87.9% returned for follow-up visits when they were evaluated again using TEDA4I to ascertain any abnormalities and specific areas of deficit. The overall proportion of children diagnosed with developmental delay was 1.29%. During the pandemic, the proportion of screening tests for child developmental delay at routine vaccination visits and follow-ups decreased but was still at least 80% in each region. CONCLUSIONS Since 1%-3% of children have suspected developmental delay, early detection is key to treating it as soon as possible. We anticipate that our findings will raise awareness in parents and caregivers about childhood developmental delay and lead to the implementation of early intervention and follow-up at the rural level in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vallop Thaineua
- Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Siripon Kanshana
- Thai Breastfeeding Center Foundation, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Opart Karnkawinpong
- Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Medical Statistics and Data Analytics for Child and Youth Well-Being Research Group, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Salinee Thumronglaohapun
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Medical Statistics and Data Analytics for Child and Youth Well-Being Research Group, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nawapon Nakharutai
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Medical Statistics and Data Analytics for Child and Youth Well-Being Research Group, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Medical Statistics and Data Analytics for Child and Youth Well-Being Research Group, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Nakharutai N, Chitapanarux I, Traisathit P, Srikummoon P, Pojchamarnwiputh S, Inmutto N, Na Chiangmai W. Prediction of survival and analysis of prognostic factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: a 20-year of imaging diagnosis in Upper Northern Thailand. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1063. [PMID: 37923991 PMCID: PMC10625219 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the Chiang Mai Cancer Registry provided characteristics data of 6276 HCC patients diagnosed between 1998-2020 based on evolution of imaging diagnosis. Evolution can be separated into four cohorts, namely, cohort 1 (1990-2005) when we had ultrasound (US) and single-phase computed tomography (CT), cohort 2 (2006-2009) when one multi-phase CT and one magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were added, cohort 3 (2010-2015) when MRI with LI-RADS was added, and finally, cohort 4 (2016-2020) when two upgraded MRIs with LI-RADS were added. METHODS Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the relation between death and risk factors including methods of imagining diagnosis, gender, age of diagnosis, tumor stages, history of smoking and alcohol-use, while Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate survival rates. RESULTS The median age of diagnosis was 57.0 years (IQR: 50.0-65.0) and the median survival time was 5.8 months (IQR: 1.9-26.8) during the follow-up period. In the univariable analysis, all factors were all associated with a higher risk of death in HCC patients except age of diagnosis. In a multivariable analysis, elderly age at diagnosis, regional and metastatic stages and advanced methods of imagining diagnosis during cohorts 2 and 3 were independently associated with the risk of death in HCC patients. The survival rate of patients diagnosed during cohort 4 was significantly higher than the other cohorts. CONCLUSION As a significantly increasing survival rate of HCC patients in cohort 4, advanced methods of diagnostic imaging can be a part of the recommendation to diagnose HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawapon Nakharutai
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Imjai Chitapanarux
- Chiang Mai Cancer Registry, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Nakarin Inmutto
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wittanee Na Chiangmai
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Homkham N, Manojai N, Patpeerapong P, Apiputthipan R, Srikummoon P, Kummaraka U, Chiawkhun P, Rankantha A, Traisathit P. A comparative study of transgender women accessing HIV testing via face-to-face and telemedicine services in Chiang Mai, Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic and their risk of being HIV-positive. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2161. [PMID: 37925430 PMCID: PMC10625702 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the restricted availability of health services in Thailand, there are still some transgender women (TGW) who do not have access to HIV counseling and testing. Telehealth, which is accessible to individuals who are reluctant to undergo face-to-face interviewing, played an especially important role during the COVID-19 epidemic. The objectives of this study are to compare the characteristics, pattern of accessing HIV testing, and the HIV-positive rates of TGW between the face-to-face and telemedicine services. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare the access to HIV testing and the HIV-positive rates among TGW via face-to-face service and telemedicine services and examined the influence of potential associated factors on the risk of being HIV-positive. RESULTS Of the 637 TGW participants, 26 (4.1%) were HIV-positive. Accessing the telemedicine service increased in the third and fourth COVID-19 waves (28.1% in the first and second vs. 71.9% in the third and fourth). There was no difference in the risk of being HIV-positive between the types of service. Having sex work experience (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57-22.30) and either never having been or tested more than 1 year ago were independently significantly associated with a higher risk of being HIV-positive (aOR = 4.05; 95% CI: 1.11-14.77). CONCLUSION The telemedicine service became more popular among TGW during the COVID-19 pandemic and was not related to a higher risk of being HIV-positive. Moreover, it proved to be an effective alternative channel to access HIV testing, especially for intravenous drug users. Sex work experience and irregular HIV testing are key risk factors for HIV infection in TGW seeking either the telemedicine or face-to-face service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontiya Homkham
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Unyamanee Kummaraka
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phisanu Chiawkhun
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apinut Rankantha
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Srikummoon P, Oonarom A, Manojai N, Maneeton B, Maneeton N, Wiriyacosol P, Chiawkhun P, Kawilapat S, Homkham N, Traisathit P. Experiences of Being Bullied and the Quality of Life of Transgender Women in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Transgend Health 2023; 8:175-187. [PMID: 37013090 PMCID: PMC10066783 DOI: 10.1089/trgh.2021.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with depression and the quality of life of Thai transgender women (TGW) from Chiang Mai province, Thailand, who have experienced being bullied. Methods We conducted the study on TGW ≥18 years of age in Chiang Mai province, Thailand, from May to November 2020. Data were collected using self-reporting questionnaires at the MPlus Chiang Mai foundation. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between potential factors associated with depression and quality of life. Results Of the 205 TGW individuals who participated in this study with a median age of 24 years, most were students (43.3%), and the most common type of bullying was verbal (30.9%). The prevalence of depression among the TGW participants was 30.1%, although most of the participants had a good overall quality of life (53.4%). The impacts of being physically bullied at primary or secondary school and experiencing cyberbullying at primary school were associated with a higher risk of depression. The impacts of being cyberbullied within the previous 6 months and physically bullied at primary or secondary school were associated with a fair quality of life. Conclusion Our results show that many TGW had experienced bullying in their childhood and within the previous 6 months. Screening for experiences of having been bullied and psychological problems might be advantageous for the wellbeing of TGW, while counseling programs or psychotherapy should be provided for those who have experienced bullying to mitigate depression and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Awirut Oonarom
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Benchalak Maneeton
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Narong Maneeton
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Punjaree Wiriyacosol
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phisanu Chiawkhun
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttipong Kawilapat
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nontiya Homkham
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Boonyapisomparn N, Manojai N, Srikummoon P, Bunyatisai W, Traisathit P, Homkham N. Healthcare discrimination and factors associated with gender-affirming healthcare avoidance by transgender women and transgender men in Thailand: findings from a cross-sectional online-survey study. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:31. [PMID: 36782169 PMCID: PMC9926841 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although discriminatory experiences of transgender people seeking healthcare services have been well-documented in several studies, differentiating those experiences based on gender identity/expression and related factors has been limited. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics, experiences, attitude, and expectation toward accessing healthcare service and healthcare providers of transgender women and transgender men in Thailand. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to March 2018. The data were collected from transgender women and transgender men aged ≥ 18 years old who lived in Thailand using online platform via different websites and Facebook pages of local transgender group. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors related to the study outcomes. RESULTS Of 186 transgender people who responded to the questionnaire and were eligible for the study, 73.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 66.7-79.8) were transgender women and 26.3% (95% CI = 20.2-33.3) were transgender men. Transgender women were more likely to seek general healthcare from non-traditional healthcare services (crude odds ratio [cOR] = 4.28; 95% CI = 1.55-11.81; P = 0.005), buy hormone treatment from non-traditional healthcare services (cOR = 3.89; 95% CI = 1.18-12.83; P = 0.026), and receive healthcare counseling from non-traditional healthcare providers (cOR = 5.16; 95% CI = 1.42-18.75; P = 0.013) than transgender men. According to the results of applying a multivariable model, transgender respondents who did not know that gender-affirming healthcare services existed in Thailand were more unwilling to receive counseling from gender-affirming healthcare providers than those who did (adjusted odds ratio = 3.70; 95% CI = 1.11-12.36; P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS The findings from this cross-sectional study indicate that transgender women are more likely than transgender men to receive general healthcare and hormone treatment from non-traditional healthcare services and buy hormone treatment without a physician's supervision. We also found approximately 15% of transgender individuals who did not receive gender-affirming counseling services. Continuing to improve access to care for the transgender community, increasing public relations channels may encourage transgender people to access more healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachale Boonyapisomparn
- grid.427494.8Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice, New York, USA ,grid.421854.e0000 0004 1936 9529School of Business and Graduate Studies, Trinity Washington University, Washington, DC USA ,The Foundation of Transgender Alliance for Human Rights, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Pimwarat Srikummoon
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Walaithip Bunyatisai
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patrinee Traisathit
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nontiya Homkham
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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Thongsak N, Manojai N, Apiputhipan R, Rongram N, Mattawanon N, Bunyatisai W, Plubin B, Nakharutai N, Thumronglaohapun S, Srikummoon P, Wongsawat K, Traisathit P, Homkham N. Risk Factors Associated with Loss to Follow-up Among Transgender Women Receiving HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:473-483. [PMID: 35930202 PMCID: PMC9362098 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is free in Thailand, many transgender women discontinue taking it after initiation. We determined the loss to follow-up (LTFU) rate of transgender women who initiated PrEP at the Mplus Foundation, Chiang Mai, Thailand, and identified associated risk factors using Cox proportional hazard models. Of 235 participants who initiated PrEP, 59 (55%) out of 108 remaining participants had reactive syphilis. The LTFU rate at 6 months was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29-48%). Multivariable analysis indicates that LTFU is independently associated with age ≥ 26 years old (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.06-4.14) and reactive syphilis (aHR = 1.98; 95% CI:1.01-3.88). Delayed appointment scheduling by the PrEP providers and the syphilis clinic was associated with transgender women having reactive syphilis, and the lockdown policy during the COVID-19 pandemic might have influenced them to discontinue PrEP and their subsequent LTFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthapat Thongsak
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Natnita Mattawanon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Walaithip Bunyatisai
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ,Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Bandhita Plubin
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ,Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nawapon Nakharutai
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ,Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Salinee Thumronglaohapun
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ,Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ,Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanokkan Wongsawat
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ,Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ,Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nontiya Homkham
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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Srikummoon P, Thanutan Y, Manojai N, Prasitwattanaseree S, Boonyapisomparn N, Kummaraka U, Pateekhum C, Chiawkhun P, Owatsakul C, Maneeton B, Maneeton N, Kawilapat S, Traisathit P. Discrimination against and Associated Stigma Experienced by Transgender Women with Intersectional Identities in Thailand. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16532. [PMID: 36554412 PMCID: PMC9779444 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although Thailand is overtly open to diversity and promotes equality, discrimination of minorities based on gender, ethnicity, and/or certain occupations is unfortunately still prevalent. Society either obstructs their inclusion or accepts them but only under certain conditions. The objective of this study is to examine the discrimination of TGWs with intersectional identities within Thai society. A total of 19 TGW participants were recruited and underwent in-depth thematic interviews about their experiences of discrimination. Rechecking of the extracted information from the interview transcripts and the subsequent encoding process were conducted using the NVivo program. The results show that the median age was 30 years old, and the majority of the individuals with intersectional identities were ethnic minority TGWs (47%). The in-depth interviews were divided into four main themes, including discrimination at an educational institution, discrimination in the workplace, discrimination in daily life, and discrimination at a healthcare facility. Our findings reflect problems associated with multiple sources of discrimination aimed at transgender women with an intersectional identity in Thailand in every aspect, including harsh speech or physical abuse; occupational, social, and legal inequality; and healthcare provision disparity. Raising awareness about gender diversity and intersectionality, as well as enforcing anti-bullying legislation and anti-discrimination laws, should be continually pursued in order to protect the rights and improve the quality of life of transgender individuals with an intersectional identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yuphayong Thanutan
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Unyamanee Kummaraka
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chanapat Pateekhum
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Phisanu Chiawkhun
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chayut Owatsakul
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Benchalak Maneeton
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Narong Maneeton
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suttipong Kawilapat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Thumronglaohapun S, Maneeton B, Maneeton N, Limpiti S, Manojai N, Chaijaruwanich J, Kummaraka U, Kardkasem R, Muangmool T, Kawilapat S, Juntaping K, Traisathit P, Srikummoon P. Awareness, perception and perpetration of cyberbullying by high school students and undergraduates in Thailand. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267702. [PMID: 35486631 PMCID: PMC9053786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern online society requires everyone, especially children and young people, to learn how to use the Internet. Cyberbullying is one misuse that can be detrimental to the cyberbullied individuals’ mental health and lifestyle, and it often ends up with the victim becoming depressed, fearful of society, and in the worst cases, suicidal ideation. The aim of this study is to investigate the awareness, perception, and perpetration of cyberbullying by high school students and undergraduates to find ways to prevent cyberbullying in the future. For this cross-sectional study, data were collected in 2020 from 14 schools throughout Thailand and 4 universities in Chiang Mai, Thailand, using two-stage sampling. Chi-squared tests were used to compare differences between the groups. Of the 2,683 high school students, girls perceived cyberbullying more than boys (81.6% vs. 75.4%; p <0.001), with those from the later academic years being more aware of cyberbullying (p = 0.033) and more likely to conduct cyberbullying behavior (p = 0.027). Of the 721 undergraduates, women were more aware of cyberbullying than men (92.1% vs. 82.7%; p <0.001). The most common cause of cyberbullying was aiming to tease the target (67.6% of high school students vs. 82.5% of undergraduates). The most commonly cyberbullying victimization was sending mocking or rebuking messages (29.6% of high school students and 39.6% of undergraduates). The most popular solutions for cyberbullying were to avoid leaving a trace on social media and be with friends who accept who you are. Our findings show that most of the cyberbullying perpetrators did not consider that their actions would have serious consequences and only carried out cyberbullying because of wanting to tease their victims. This is useful information for the cyberbullying solution center, teachers, and parents to recognize how to make the students realize the effects of cyberbullying on the victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinee Thumronglaohapun
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Data Science Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Benchalak Maneeton
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Narong Maneeton
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasikarn Limpiti
- Faculty of Mass Communication, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Jeerayut Chaijaruwanich
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Data Science Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Unyamanee Kummaraka
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Data Science Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Tanarat Muangmool
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttipong Kawilapat
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanokkarn Juntaping
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Data Science Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Data Science Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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10
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Inkeaw P, Srikummoon P, Chaijaruwanich J, Traisathit P, Awiphan S, Inchai J, Worasuthaneewan R, Theerakittikul T. Automatic Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Artificial Neural Network Based on Visual Facial Descriptors: Pilot Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1641-1649. [PMID: 36132745 PMCID: PMC9482962 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s376755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Driving while drowsy is a major cause of traffic accidents globally. Recent technologies for detection and alarm within automobiles for this condition are limited by their reliability, practicality, cost, and lack of clinical validation. In this study, we developed an early drowsiness detection algorithm and device based on the "gold standard brain biophysiological signal" and facial expression digital data. METHODS The data were obtained from 10 participants. Artificial neural networks (ANN) were adopted as the model. Composite features of facial descriptors (ie, eye aspect ratio (EAR), mouth aspect ratio (MAR), face length (FL), and face width balance (FWB)) extracted from two-second video frames were investigated. RESULTS The ANN combined with the EAR and MAR features had the most sensitivity (70.12%) while the ANN combined with the EAR, MAR, and FL features had the most accuracy and specificity (60.76% and 58.71%, respectively). In addition, by applying the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to the composite features, the ANN combined with the EAR and MAR features again had the highest sensitivity (72.25%), while the ANN combined with the EAR, MAR, and FL features had the highest accuracy and specificity (60.40% and 54.10%, respectively). CONCLUSION The ANN with DFT combined with the EAR, MAR, and FL offered the best performance. Our direct driver sleepiness detection system developed from the integration of biophysiological information and internal validation provides a valuable algorithm, specifically toward alertness level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papangkorn Inkeaw
- Data Science Research Center, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jeerayut Chaijaruwanich
- Data Science Research Center, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Data Science Research Center, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Suphakit Awiphan
- Data Science Research Center, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Inchai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratirat Worasuthaneewan
- Sleep Disorder Center, Center for Medical Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Theerakorn Theerakittikul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Sleep Disorder Center, Center for Medical Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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11
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Tangviriyapaiboon D, Sirithongthaworn S, Apikomonkon H, Suyakong C, Srikummoon P, Kawilapat S, Traisathit P. Development and psychometric evaluation of a Thai Diagnostic Autism Scale for the early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2021; 15:317-327. [PMID: 34697914 PMCID: PMC9297913 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Thai Diagnostic Autism Scale (TDAS) was developed for use as a diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Thai children aged 12–48 months old. TDAS consists of 23 items (13 and 17 items in the observational and interview sections, respectively) classified into seven domains (A1–A3 and B1–B4) according to the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, fifth edition (DSM‐5). Children with a single score in the A1–A3 domains and at least two of the B1–B4 domains were classified with ASD. The item‐objective congruence (IOC) index, confirmatory factor analysis, and Kappa coefficient were used to evaluate the content, constructs, and inter‐rater validity levels between the evaluators and concurrent validity between TDAS and physicians' diagnoses, respectively. TDAS showed good overall content validity (IOC range 0.71–1.00), suitable construct validity (root‐mean‐squared errors of approximation of 0.076 and 0.067, comparative fit indexes of 0.902 and 0.858, and Tucker‐Lewis indexes of 0.882 and 0.837 for the observation and interview sections, respectively), and excellent diagnostic agreement between TDAS and the evaluators (Kappa = 1.000) as well as between TDAS and the physicians' diagnoses (Kappa = 0.871). The sensitivity and specificity of TDAS were 100% and 82.4%, respectively. In conclusion, TDAS yielded a high level of content validity, concurrent validity, and inter‐rater reliability for the early diagnosis of ASD in Thai children. A large‐scale study using TDAS is needed to determine an appropriate cut‐off point as well as its efficacy. The Thai Diagnostic Autism Scale was developed for use as a diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) among Thai children. It contains 23 items in seven domains for the screening via observations and interviews. The psychometric properties of this diagnostic tool provide its reliability and suitability for the early diagnosis of ASD. A large‐scale study using it is needed to determine an appropriate cut‐off point as well as its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hataichanok Apikomonkon
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chidawan Suyakong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Data Science Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttipong Kawilapat
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Data Science Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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