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Rzechonek A, Kaminska A, Mamczur P, Drapiewski A, Budzynski W. Limited Clinical Significance of Dimeric Form of Pyruvate Kinase as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 955:51-57. [PMID: 27683215 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism of tumor tissue differs from the normal one by the intensity of protein synthesis and glycolysis. The dimeric pyruvate kinase (PKM2) is a specific enzyme for tumor glycolysis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the activity of PKM2 and the type and stage of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A second objective was to compare the expression of PKM2 with disease progression and prognosis. We studied 65 patients divided into two groups: 45 patients with lung cancer and 20 non-cancer healthy subjects taken as control. The serum activity of PKM2 was assessed spectrophotometrically. We found that PKM2 activity was greater, on average, by 136 % for adenocarcinoma and for 126 % for squamous cell carcinoma compared with that present in control subjects. The higher PKM2 activity was associated only with Stage III of cancer (p < 0.001). Sensitivity of PKM2 as a cancer marker was 79 % for adenocarcinoma and 81 % for squamous cell carcinoma and specificity was 50 % for both cancer types. We conclude that PKM2 activity is higher in patients with NSCLC than in healthy subjects. The level of PKM2 activity is associated with advanced stage of cancer. Nonetheless, low specificity of PKM2 assessment makes it of limited utility in NSCLC diagnosis or evaluation of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rzechonek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, 105 Grabiszynska St., 53-439, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Lower Silesian Center for Lung Diseases, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kaminska
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, 105 Grabiszynska St., 53-439, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Mamczur
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Wrocław University, 30 Cybulskiego St., Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Drapiewski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, 105 Grabiszynska St., 53-439, Wroclaw, Poland
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Gizak A, Grenda M, Mamczur P, Wisniewski J, Sucharski F, Silberring J, McCubrey JA, Wisniewski JR, Rakus D. Insulin/IGF1-PI3K-dependent nucleolar localization of a glycolytic enzyme--phosphoglycerate mutase 2, is necessary for proper structure of nucleolus and RNA synthesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17237-50. [PMID: 26033454 PMCID: PMC4627304 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM), a conserved, glycolytic enzyme has been found in nucleoli of cancer cells. Here, we present evidence that accumulation of PGAM in the nucleolus is a universal phenomenon concerning not only neoplastically transformed but also non-malignant cells. Nucleolar localization of the enzyme is dependent on the presence of the PGAM2 (muscle) subunit and is regulated by insulin/IGF-1–PI3K signaling pathway as well as drugs influencing ribosomal biogenesis. We document that PGAM interacts with several 40S and 60S ribosomal proteins and that silencing of PGAM2 expression results in disturbance of nucleolar structure, inhibition of RNA synthesis and decrease of the mitotic index of squamous cell carcinoma cells. We conclude that presence of PGAM in the nucleolus is a prerequisite for synthesis and initial assembly of new pre-ribosome subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Wroclaw University, Cybulskiego, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Grenda
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Wroclaw University, Cybulskiego, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Mamczur
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Wroclaw University, Cybulskiego, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Wisniewski
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Wroclaw University, Cybulskiego, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Filip Sucharski
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jacek R Wisniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Wroclaw University, Cybulskiego, Wroclaw, Poland
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Mamczur P, Borsuk B, Paszko J, Sas Z, Mozrzymas J, Wiśniewski JR, Gizak A, Rakus D. Astrocyte-neuron crosstalk regulates the expression and subcellular localization of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes. Glia 2014; 63:328-40. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mamczur
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology; Institute of Experimental Biology; Wrocław University; Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wrocław Poland
| | - Borys Borsuk
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology; Institute of Experimental Biology; Wrocław University; Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wrocław Poland
| | - Jadwiga Paszko
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology; Institute of Experimental Biology; Wrocław University; Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wrocław Poland
| | - Zuzanna Sas
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology; Institute of Experimental Biology; Wrocław University; Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wrocław Poland
| | - Jerzy Mozrzymas
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology; Institute of Experimental Biology; Wrocław University; Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wrocław Poland
- Laboratory of Neuroscience; Department of Biophysics; Wrocław Medical University, Chałubińskiego; 3, 50-368 Wrocław Poland
| | - Jacek R. Wiśniewski
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction; Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry; Am Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology; Institute of Experimental Biology; Wrocław University; Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wrocław Poland
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology; Institute of Experimental Biology; Wrocław University; Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wrocław Poland
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Mamczur P, Mazurek J, Rakus D. Ubiquitous presence of gluconeogenic regulatory enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, within layers of rat retina. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 341:213-21. [PMID: 20614135 PMCID: PMC2914254 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To shed some light on gluconeogenesis in mammalian retina, we have focused on fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), a regulatory enzyme of the process. The abundance of the enzyme within the layers of the rat retina suggests that, in mammals in contrast to amphibia, gluconeogenesis is not restricted to one specific cell of the retina. We propose that FBPase, in addition to its gluconeogenic role, participates in the protection of the retina against reactive oxygen species. Additionally, the nuclear localization of FBPase and of its binding partner, aldolase, in the retinal cells expressing the proliferation marker Ki-67 indicates that these two gluconeogenic enzymes are involved in non-enzymatic nuclear processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mamczur
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Wroclaw University, Cybulskiego 30, 50-205, Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract
Previously we have shown that aldolase (ALD; EC 4.1.2.13) is present in cardiomyocyte nuclei. Now, we focused our attention on ALD localization in smooth muscle cells. Immunocytochemical methods were used to study the subcellular localization of ALD. Aldolase was localized in the cytoplasm as well as in the nuclei. Within the nuclei ALD was located in the heterochromatin region. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by aldolase activity staining in gel was used to study the ALD isoenzyme pattern in porcine smooth muscle cells. Two ALD isoenzymes, A and C, were found in these cells but in the nuclei only the muscle isoenzyme was detected. To support the nuclear localization of ALD, measurement of aldolase activity in the smooth muscle cell nuclei isolated from porcine stomach was performed. The ALD activity in the isolated nuclei was detectable only after preincubation of the nuclear fraction with Triton X-100 and high concentration of KCl.
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Mamczur P, Dzugaj A. Aldolase A is present in smooth muscle cell nuclei. Acta Biochim Pol 2008; 55:799-805. [PMID: 19081846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that aldolase (ALD; EC 4.1.2.13) is present in cardiomyocyte nuclei. Now, we focused our attention on ALD localization in smooth muscle cells. Immunocytochemical methods were used to study the subcellular localization of ALD. Aldolase was localized in the cytoplasm as well as in the nuclei. Within the nuclei ALD was located in the heterochromatin region. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by aldolase activity staining in gel was used to study the ALD isoenzyme pattern in porcine smooth muscle cells. Two ALD isoenzymes, A and C, were found in these cells but in the nuclei only the muscle isoenzyme was detected. To support the nuclear localization of ALD, measurement of aldolase activity in the smooth muscle cell nuclei isolated from porcine stomach was performed. The ALD activity in the isolated nuclei was detectable only after preincubation of the nuclear fraction with Triton X-100 and high concentration of KCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mamczur
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Mamczur P, Dus D, Dzugaj A. Colocalization of aldolase and FBPase in cytoplasm and nucleus of cardiomyocytes. Cell Biol Int 2007; 31:1122-30. [PMID: 17481926 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2007.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The protein exchange method, immunocytochemistry and the nuclear import of fluorophore-labeled enzymes were used to investigate the colocalisation of aldolase and FBPase in cardiomyocytes. The results indicate in vivo interaction of these two enzymes. In the cardiomyocyte cytoplasm, these enzymes were found to colocalise at the Z-line and on intercalated discs. The translocation of both enzymes through the nuclear pores was also investigated. The immunocytochemistry revealed the colocalisation of aldolase and FBPase in the heterochromatin region of cardiomyocyte nuclei. The Pearson's correlation coefficients, which represent the degree of colocalisation were 0.47, 0.52 and 0.66 in the sarcomer, the intercalated disc and the nucleus, respectively. This is the first report on aldolase and FBPase colocalisation in cardiomyocytes. Interaction of aldolase with FBPase, which results in heterologous complex formation, is necessary for glyconeogenesis to proceed. Therefore, this metabolic pathway in the sarcomer, in the intercalated disc as well as in the nucleus might be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mamczur
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Wroclaw University, Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wroclaw, Poland
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Mamczur P, Rakus D, Gizak A, Dus D, Dzugaj A. The effect of calcium ions on subcellular localization of aldolase-FBPase complex in skeletal muscle. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:1607-12. [PMID: 15757649 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Revised: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In skeletal muscles, FBPase-aldolase complex is located on alpha-actinin of the Z-line. In the present paper, we show evidence that stability of the complex is regulated by calcium ions. Real time interaction analysis, confocal microscopy and the protein exchange method have revealed that elevated calcium concentration decreases association constant of FBPase-aldolase and FBPase-alpha-actinin complex, causes fast dissociation of FBPase from the Z-line and slow accumulation of aldolase within the I-band and M-line. Therefore, the release of Ca2+ during muscle contraction might result, simultaneously, in the inhibition of glyconeogenesis and in the acceleration of glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mamczur
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Wroclaw University, Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract
The subcellular localization of the muscle aldolase (aldolase A) in cardiomyocytes was determined immunocytochemically by light and electron microscopy. The enzyme was localized in the cytoplasm and also in cardiomyocyte nuclei. Inside the nuclei it was preferentially localized in the heterochromatin region. The nuclear localization was confirmed by the measurement of aldolase activity in subcellular fractions of a heart muscle, and in isolated nuclei of cardiomyocytes. There was no detectable aldolase activity in isolated cardiomyocyte nuclei fractions if the fraction was not preincubated with a solution containing Triton X-100 and KCl. The calculated concentration of aldolase in the nucleus was about 0.6 micro M. This paper is the first report on the localization of aldolase A inside cardiomyocyte nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mamczur
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract
Previously we have reported that in vitro muscle aldolase binds to muscle FBPase [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 275 (2000) 611-616] which results in the changes of regulatory properties of the latter enzyme. In the present paper, the evidence that aldolase binds to FBPase in living cell is presented. The colocalization experiment, in which aldolase was diffused into skinned fibres that had been pre-incubated with FBPase, has shown that aldolase in the presence of FBPase binds predominantly to the Z-line. The existence of a triple aldolase-FBPase-alpha-actinin complex was confirmed through a real-time interaction analysis using the BIAcore biosensor. The colocalization of FBPase and aldolase on alpha-actinin of the Z-line indicates the existence of glyconeogenic metabolon in vertebrates' myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rakus
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Wroclaw University, Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wroclaw, Poland.
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