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Ignatov B, Zhuravleva E, Zheng W, Sortebech D, Ehrström M, Kjellman P, Eidsmo L. 522 T cell tissue responses and spatial profiling of vitiligo skin. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Grigoryan A, Zacharaki D, Balhuizen A, Côme CR, Garcia AG, Hidalgo Gil D, Frank AK, Aaltonen K, Mañas A, Esfandyari J, Kjellman P, Englund E, Rodriguez C, Sime W, Massoumi R, Kalantari N, Prithiviraj S, Li Y, Dupard SJ, Isaksson H, Madsen CD, Porse BT, Bexell D, Bourgine PE. Engineering human mini-bones for the standardized modeling of healthy hematopoiesis, leukemia, and solid tumor metastasis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm6391. [PMID: 36223446 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm6391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment provides indispensable factors to sustain blood production throughout life. It is also a hotspot for the progression of hematologic disorders and the most frequent site of solid tumor metastasis. Preclinical research relies on xenograft mouse models, but these models preclude the human-specific functional interactions of stem cells with their bone marrow microenvironment. Instead, human mesenchymal cells can be exploited for the in vivo engineering of humanized niches, which confer robust engraftment of human healthy and malignant blood samples. However, mesenchymal cells are associated with major reproducibility issues in tissue formation. Here, we report the fast and standardized generation of human mini-bones by a custom-designed human mesenchymal cell line. These resulting humanized ossicles (hOss) consist of fully mature bone and bone marrow structures hosting a human mesenchymal niche with retained stem cell properties. As compared to mouse bones, we demonstrate superior engraftment of human cord blood hematopoietic cells and primary acute myeloid leukemia samples and also validate hOss as a metastatic site for breast cancer cells. We further report the engraftment of neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft cells in a humanized model, recapitulating clinically described osteolytic lesions. Collectively, our human mini-bones constitute a powerful preclinical platform to model bone-developing tumors using patient-derived materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Grigoryan
- Cell, Tissue & Organ engineering laboratory, Biomedical Centre (BMC) B11, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dimitra Zacharaki
- Cell, Tissue & Organ engineering laboratory, Biomedical Centre (BMC) B11, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Balhuizen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christophe Rm Côme
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Garcia Garcia
- Cell, Tissue & Organ engineering laboratory, Biomedical Centre (BMC) B11, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Hidalgo Gil
- Cell, Tissue & Organ engineering laboratory, Biomedical Centre (BMC) B11, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne-Katrine Frank
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina Aaltonen
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Adriana Mañas
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Javanshir Esfandyari
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Kjellman
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emelie Englund
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carmen Rodriguez
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wondossen Sime
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nasim Kalantari
- Cell, Tissue & Organ engineering laboratory, Biomedical Centre (BMC) B11, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sujeethkumar Prithiviraj
- Cell, Tissue & Organ engineering laboratory, Biomedical Centre (BMC) B11, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yuan Li
- Cell, Tissue & Organ engineering laboratory, Biomedical Centre (BMC) B11, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Steven J Dupard
- Cell, Tissue & Organ engineering laboratory, Biomedical Centre (BMC) B11, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Chris D Madsen
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo T Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul E Bourgine
- Cell, Tissue & Organ engineering laboratory, Biomedical Centre (BMC) B11, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Ramos-Vega M, Kjellman P, Todorov MI, Kylkilahti TM, Bäckström BT, Ertürk A, Madsen CD, Lundgaard I. Mapping of neuroinflammation-induced hypoxia in the spinal cord using optoacoustic imaging. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:51. [PMID: 35410629 PMCID: PMC8996517 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that metabolic changes and oxygen deficiency in the central nervous system play an important role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In our present study, we investigated the changes in oxygenation and analyzed the vascular perfusion of the spinal cord in a rodent model of MS. We performed multispectral optoacoustic tomography of the lumbar spinal cord before and after an oxygen enhancement challenge in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for MS. In addition, mice were transcardially perfused with lectin to label the vasculature and their spinal columns were optically cleared, followed by light sheet fluorescence microscopy. To analyze the angioarchitecture of the intact spine, we used VesSAP, a novel deep learning-based framework. In EAE mice, the spinal cord had lower oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration compared to healthy mice, indicating compromised perfusion of the spinal cord. Oxygen administration reversed hypoxia in the spinal cord of EAE mice, although the ventral region remained hypoxic. Additionally, despite the increased vascular density, we report a reduction in length and complexity of the perfused vascular network in EAE. Taken together, these findings highlight a new aspect of neuroinflammatory pathology, revealing a significant degree of hypoxia in EAE in vivo that is accompanied by changes in spinal vascular perfusion. The study also introduces optoacoustic imaging as a tractable technique with the potential to further decipher the role of hypoxia in EAE and to monitor it in MS patients.
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Venning FA, Zornhagen KW, Wullkopf L, Sjölund J, Rodriguez-Cupello C, Kjellman P, Morsing M, Hajkarim MC, Won KJ, Erler JT, Madsen CD. Deciphering the temporal heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations in breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:175. [PMID: 34016130 PMCID: PMC8138934 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) comprise a heterogeneous population of stromal cells within the tumour microenvironment. CAFs exhibit both tumour-promoting and tumour-suppressing functions, making them exciting targets for improving cancer treatments. Careful isolation, identification, and characterisation of CAF heterogeneity is thus necessary for ex vivo validation and future implementation of CAF-targeted strategies in cancer. METHODS Murine 4T1 (metastatic) and 4T07 (poorly/non-metastatic) orthotopic triple negative breast cancer tumours were collected after 7, 14, or 21 days. The tumours were analysed via flow cytometry for the simultaneous expression of six CAF markers: alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα), platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha and beta (PDGFRα and PDGFRβ), CD26/DPP4 and podoplanin (PDPN). All non-CAFs were excluded from the analysis using a lineage marker cocktail (CD24, CD31, CD45, CD49f, EpCAM, LYVE-1, and TER-119). In total 128 murine tumours and 12 healthy mammary fat pads were analysed. RESULTS We have developed a multicolour flow cytometry strategy based on exclusion of non-CAFs and successfully employed this to explore the temporal heterogeneity of freshly isolated CAFs in the 4T1 and 4T07 mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer. Analysing 128 murine tumours, we identified 5-6 main CAF populations and numerous minor ones based on the analysis of αSMA, FAPα, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, CD26, and PDPN. All markers showed temporal changes with a distinct switch from primarily PDGFRα+ fibroblasts in healthy mammary tissue to predominantly PDGFRβ+ CAFs in tumours. CD26+ CAFs emerged as a large novel subpopulation, only matched by FAPα+ CAFs in abundance. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that multiple subpopulations of CAFs co-exist in murine triple negative breast cancer, and that the abundance and dynamics for each marker differ depending on tumour type and time. Our results form the foundation needed to isolate and characterise specific CAF populations, and ultimately provide an opportunity to therapeutically target specific CAF subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja Albjerg Venning
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Westarp Zornhagen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lena Wullkopf
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jonas Sjölund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carmen Rodriguez-Cupello
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Kjellman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikkel Morsing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Morteza Chalabi Hajkarim
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kyoung Jae Won
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Janine Terra Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Chris Denis Madsen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381, Lund, Sweden.
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Rodriguez-Cupello C, Dam M, Serini L, Wang S, Lindgren D, Englund E, Kjellman P, Axelson H, García-Mariscal A, Madsen CD. The STRIPAK Complex Regulates Response to Chemotherapy Through p21 and p27. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:146. [PMID: 32258031 PMCID: PMC7089963 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The STRIPAK complex has been linked to a variety of biological processes taking place during embryogenesis and development, but its role in cancer has only just started to be defined. Here, we expand on previous work indicating a role for the scaffolding protein STRIP1 in cancer cell migration and metastasis. We show that cell cycle arrest and decreased proliferation are seen upon loss of STRIP1 in MDA-MB-231 cells due to the induction of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors, including p21 and p27. We demonstrate that p21 and p27 induction is observed in a subpopulation of cells having low DNA damage response and that the p21high/γH2AXlow ratio within single cells can be rescued by depleting MST3&4 kinases. While the loss of STRIP1 decreases cell proliferation and tumor growth, cells treated with low dosage of chemotherapeutics in vitro paradoxically escape therapy-induced senescence and begin to proliferate after recovery. This corroborates with already known research on the dual role of p21 and indicates that STRIP1 also plays a contradictory role in breast cancer, suppressing tumor growth, but once treated with chemotherapeutics, allowing for possible recurrence and decreased patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodriguez-Cupello
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Dam
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura Serini
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shan Wang
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Lindgren
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emelie Englund
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Kjellman
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Axelson
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alberto García-Mariscal
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Chris D Madsen
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Evertsson M, Kjellman P, Cinthio M, Andersson R, Tran TA, In't Zandt R, Grafström G, Toftevall H, Fredriksson S, Ingvar C, Strand SE, Jansson T. Combined Magnetomotive ultrasound, PET/CT, and MR imaging of 68Ga-labelled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in rat sentinel lymph nodes in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4824. [PMID: 28684867 PMCID: PMC5500498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods for intra-surgical guidance to localize metastases at cancer surgery are based on radioactive tracers that cause logistical challenges. We propose the use of a novel ultrasound-based method, magnetomotive ultrasound (MMUS) imaging that employ a nanoparticle-based contrast agent that also may be used for pre-operative PET/MRI imaging. Since MMUS is radiation free, this eliminates the dependence between pre- and intra-operative imaging and the radiation exposure for the surgical staff. This study investigates a hypothetical clinical scenario of pre-operative PET imaging, combined with intra-operative MMUS imaging, implemented in a sentinel lymph node (SLN) rat model. At one-hour post injection of 68Ga-labelled magnetic nanoparticles, six animals were imaged with combined PET/CT. After two or four days, the same animals were imaged with MMUS. In addition, ex-vivo MRI was used to evaluate the amount of nanoparticles in each single SLN. All SLNs were detectable by PET. Four out of six SLNs could be detected with MMUS, and for these MMUS and MRI measurements were in close agreement. The MRI measurements revealed that the two SLNs undetectable with MMUS contained the lowest nanoparticle concentrations. This study shows that MMUS can complement standard pre-operative imaging by providing bedside real-time images with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Evertsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering LTH at Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Pontus Kjellman
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Cinthio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering LTH at Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Thuy A Tran
- Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology-Pathology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rene In't Zandt
- Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gustav Grafström
- Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jansson
- Medical Services, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Biomedical Engineering, Lund, Sweden
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Eriksson H, Frohm-Nilsson M, Järås J, Kanter-Lewensohn L, Kjellman P, Månsson-Brahme E, Vassilaki I, Hansson J. Prognostic factors in localized invasive primary cutaneous malignant melanoma: results of a large population-based study. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:175-86. [PMID: 24910143 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic impact of several histopathological prognostic features in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) remains controversial. OBJECTIVES To assess the independent prognostic value of mitotic rate, regression, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and growth phase in primary stage I and II CMMs. METHODS Clinicohistopathological data were obtained from the Stockholm-Gotland registry for 4237 patients diagnosed with an incident primary stage I or II CMM followed up to December 2011. The risk of CMM-specific death was evaluated by a Cox regression model. RESULTS A mitotic rate of 1-10 mitoses per mm(2) [hazard ratio (HR) 1·69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·16-2·45] and > 10 mitoses per mm(2) (HR 2·27, 95% CI 1·46-3·52) were significant; TILs and regression were not. A more detailed analysis of data assessed between 1989 and 1995 confirmed significantly increased HRs for the presence vs. absence of mitoses (HR1-5/mm² 2·25, 95% CI 1·36-3·76; HR6-10/mm² 2·34, 95% CI 1·23-4·44; HR> 10/mm² 2·64, 95% CI 1·39-4·99). Other prognosticators were increasing T-stage vs. T1, presence of ulceration and presence of vertical growth phase (VGP). In T1 CMMs, an increasing tumour thickness vs. < 0·7 mm (HR0·7-0·8 mm 2·24, 95% CI 1·24-4·04; HR>0·8 mm 2·92, 95% CI 1·57-5·43) and presence of ulceration were significantly associated with higher HRs; mitotic rate, TILs, regression and growth phase were not. CONCLUSIONS Determinants of increased risk of CMM death in stage I and II CMMs were increasing T-stage, presence of ulceration, presence of mitoses and VGP. This was not found for TILs or regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eriksson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Evertsson M, Kjellman P, Cinthio M, Fredriksson S, in't Zandt R, Persson H, Jansson T. Multimodal detection of iron oxide nanoparticles in rat lymph nodes using magnetomotive ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2014; 61:1276-1283. [PMID: 25073135 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2014.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Detection and removal of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) is important in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The SLN is the first regional lymph node draining the primary tumor, and if the cancer has spread, it is most likely to find metastases in the SLN. In this study, we have for the first time been able to image the very same contrast agent, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO-NPs), in rat SLNs by using both our frequency- and phase-gated magnetomotive ultrasound (MMUS) algorithm and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); MMUS post mortem, MRI in vivo. For both higher NP-concentration and smaller NPs, we found that the MMUS data showed a larger magnetomotive displacement (1.56 ± 0.43 and 1.94 ± 0.54 times larger, respectively) and that the MR-images were affected to a higher degree. The MMUS displacement also increased with lower excitation frequency (1.95 ± 0.64 times larger for 5 Hz compared with 15 Hz) and higher excitation voltage (2.95 ± 1.44 times larger for 30 V compared with 10 V). The results show that MMUS has potential to be used as bedside guidance during SLN surgery, imaging the same particles that were used in prior staging with other imaging techniques.
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Kjellman P, in 't Zandt R, Fredriksson S, Strand SE. Optimizing retention of multimodal imaging nanostructures in sentinel lymph nodes by nanoscale size tailoring. Nanomedicine 2014; 10:1089-95. [PMID: 24502988 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigates the retention of different sized ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIOs) in lymph nodes of healthy rats, after subcutaneous injection. Three distinct sizes (15, 27 and 58 nm) of USPIOs were synthesized by only varying the thickness of the polymer coating surrounding the 10 nm cores. Particles were injected on the dorsal side of the hind paw of rats and the uptake in the popliteal, inguinal and iliac lymph nodes was monitored. The data reveal that the 15 nm particle accumulates more rapidly and to a higher amount in the first lymph node than the two larger particles. A clear contrast between the first and second lymph nodes could be detected indicating that even the rather small difference in particle size (15-58 nm) tested has significant effects on the retention of USPIOs in the lymph nodes. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR From the Clinical Editor: In this study, the size-dependence of USPIO particles is studied from the standpoint of their accumulation characteristics in lymph nodes. The authors conclude that the smaller particles accumulated faster and at a higher concentration than the two larger sizes studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Kjellman
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; GeccoDots AB, Lund, Sweden.
| | - René in 't Zandt
- GeccoDots AB, Lund, Sweden; Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Madru R, Kjellman P, Olsson F, Wingårdh K, Ingvar C, Ståhlberg F, Olsrud J, Lätt J, Fredriksson S, Knutsson L, Strand SE. 99mTc-labeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for multimodality SPECT/MRI of sentinel lymph nodes. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:459-63. [PMID: 22323777 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.092437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to develop multimodality SPECT/MRI contrast agents for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in vivo. METHODS Nanoparticles with a solid iron oxide core and a polyethylene glycol coating were labeled with (99m)Tc. The labeling efficiency was determined with instant thin-layer chromatography and magnetic separation. The stability of the radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) was verified in both sterile water and human serum at room temperature 6 and 24 h after labeling. Five Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously in the right hind paw with (99m)Tc-SPIONs (25-50 MBq, ∼0.2 mg of Fe) and sacrificed 4 h after injection. Two animals were imaged with SPECT/MRI. All 5 rats were dissected; the lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, spleen, and hind paw containing the injection site were removed and weighed; and activity in the samples was measured. The microdistribution within the lymph nodes was studied with digital autoradiography. RESULTS The efficiency of labeling of the SPIONs was 99% 6 h after labeling in both water and human serum. The labeling yield was 98% in water and 97% in human serum 24 h after labeling. The SLN could be identified in vivo with SPECT/MRI. The accumulation of (99m)Tc-SPIONs (as the percentage injected dose/g [%ID/g]) in the SLN was 100 %ID/g, whereas in the liver and spleen it was less than 2 %ID/g. Digital autoradiography images revealed a nonhomogeneous distribution of (99m)Tc-SPIONs within the lymph nodes; nanoparticles were found in the cortical, subcapsular, and medullary sinuses. CONCLUSION This study revealed the feasibility of labeling SPIONs with (99m)Tc. The accumulation of (99m)Tc-SPIONs in lymph nodes after subcutaneous injection in animals, verified by SPECT/MRI, is encouraging for applications in breast cancer and malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Madru
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Kjellman P, Zedenius J, Lundell G, Bäckdahl M, Farnebo LO, Hamberger B, Larsson C, Wallin G. Predictors of outcome in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006; 32:345-52. [PMID: 16459050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate prognostic factors with respect to the outcome in a consecutive series of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) treated at the same institution during a 20-year-period, and to evaluate further the predictive ability of outcome of the pTNM, AMES and MACIS prognostic systems in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and twenty consecutive patients operated on for primary PTC at the Karolinska Hospital between 1980 and 1999 were examined retrospectively. Patient and tumour characteristics at the time of surgery were compared to the patients' outcomes. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify independently significant prognostic factors with respect to the outcome. In addition, the classification of the patients according to the pTNM, AMES and MACIS prognostic systems were compared to the outcomes. RESULTS At the end of the follow-up period 201 patients were still alive without disease, 6.5% had died from PTC and 2.5% were alive with persisting disease. In 16 patients, radical surgery could not be performed due to extensive tumour growth and/or distant metastases. Recurrences were detected in 14% of the patients considered as radically operated. The strongest independent predictors for local or distant recurrences and poor clinical outcome were the lack of radical surgery and increasing tumour size. In this investigation MACIS appeared to be the better system, regarding efficacy in predicting the outcome of PTC. CONCLUSION Removal of all tumour tissue appears most important to a favorable outcome and in our patients MACIS appears the most useful prognostic system taking completeness of resection into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kjellman
- Department of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kjellman P, Lagercrantz S, Höög A, Wallin G, Larsson C, Zedenius J. Gain of 1q and loss of 9q21.3-q32 are associated with a less favorable prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 32:43-9. [PMID: 11477660 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to approach the genetic mechanisms behind initiation and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tumorigenesis, we characterized numerical chromosomal imbalances in a panel of 25 PTCs with varying histopathological and clinical features using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The most frequently detected imbalance was gain of 9q33-qter, which was seen in close to 30% of the cases. The commonly occurring regions of loss were assigned to 22q (12%) and 9q21.3-q32 (12%), while gains preferentially involved the entire X chromosome (20%), 1q (16%), 17q (16%), and 22q (12%). The distribution of CGH alterations supports the idea of a progression of genetic events in the development of PTC, where gain of 9q33-qter would represent a relatively early event that is followed by loss of 22q and gain of X, 1q, 17q, and 22q. When the detected CGH alterations were compared with the clinical outcome and the histopathological features of the 25 PTC cases, several statistically significant correlations were revealed. The total number of genetic alterations was higher in tumors from patients with aggressive disease as compared to those without signs of aggressiveness. Gain of 1q and loss of 9q21.3-q32 were exclusively seen in tumors from patients with aggressive disease, and the presence of distant metastases was associated with gain of 1q. A sex-dependent distribution was also evident for one of the common alterations, with gain of X exclusively seen in male cases. Taken together, the findings identify several candidate locations for tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes that are potentially involved in the establishment and progression of papillary thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kjellman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Endocrine Tumour Unit, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kjellman P, Learoyd DL, Messina M, Weber G, Höög A, Wallin G, Larsson C, Robinson BG, Zedenius J. Expression of the RET proto-oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its correlation with clinical outcome. Br J Surg 2001; 88:557-63. [PMID: 11298625 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2001.01734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), presence of the oncogenes RET/PTC has been described, but their correlation with prognosis is debated. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the RET proto-oncogene (RET) and correlate it with clinical outcome. METHODS Sixty-one PTCs were analysed for expression of RET and the oncogenes RET/PTC1-4 by polymerase chain reaction of complementary DNA. RESULTS Twenty-nine PTCs (48 per cent) expressed the RET tyrosine kinase domain (RET-TK). Twelve expressed wild-type RET (WT-RET). One tumour expressed RET/PTC3, one a variant of RET/PTC3, and one RET/PTC1 and WT-RET simultaneously. The remaining 14 expressed RET-TK only. WT-RET expression was detected more frequently in poorly differentiated PTCs (P < 0.05) and in PTCs from patients with aggressive disease (P < 0.01). WT-RET expression remained an independently significant risk factor for aggressive disease when analysed together with other recognized risk factors using a stepwise multiple logistic regression model. CONCLUSION Almost half of the PTCs showed RET-TK expression; in only three was this explained by expression of a RET/PTC rearrangement. Instead, expression of WT-RET was detected in 45 per cent of the RET-TK-positive tumours and this expression was an independently significant risk factor for aggressive PTC. Presented in abstract form to the Millennium Meeting of Endocrine Surgeons held by the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons, British Association of Endocrine Surgeons and Swedish Association of Endocrine Surgeons, London, UK, May 2000
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kjellman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Endocrine Tumour Unit, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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