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Li L, Tran D, Zhu H, Balimane P, Willett G, Zhao P, Gerrard SE, Vogelsong KM, Wang Y, Seo SK. Use of Model-Informed Drug Development to Streamline Development of Long-Acting Products: Can These Successes Be Translated to Long-Acting Hormonal Contraceptives? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:745-756. [PMID: 32997600 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031120-015212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Long-acting contraceptives are the most effective reversible contraceptive methods. Increasing patients' access to these contraceptives may translate into fewer unintended pregnancies and lead to substantial individual and public health benefits. However, development of long-acting products can be complex and challenging. This review provides (a) an overview of representative development programs for long-acting antipsychotics as cases for conceptual translation to long-acting contraceptives, (b) several case examples on how modeling and simulation have been used to streamline the development of long-acting products, and (c) examples of challenges andopportunities in developing long-acting contraceptives and information on how exposure-response relationships of commonly used progestins may enable regulators and developers to rely on prior findings of effectiveness and safety from an approved contraceptive to streamline the development of long-acting contraceptives. The US Food and Drug Administration is seeking assistance from stakeholders to provide data from studies in which pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic or clinical outcomes of hormonal contraceptives were evaluated and not previously submitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA;
| | - Doanh Tran
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA;
| | - Hao Zhu
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA;
| | - Praveen Balimane
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA;
| | - Gerald Willett
- Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Ping Zhao
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Yaning Wang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA;
| | - Shirley K Seo
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA;
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Yang MG, Xiao Z, Dhar TGM, Xiao HY, Gilmore JL, Marcoux D, Xie JH, McIntyre KW, Taylor TL, Borowski V, Heimrich E, Li YW, Feng J, Fernandes A, Yang Z, Balimane P, Marino AM, Cornelius G, Warrack BM, Mathur A, Wu DR, Li P, Gupta A, Pragalathan B, Shen DR, Cvijic ME, Lehman-McKeeman LD, Salter-Cid L, Barrish JC, Carter PH, Dyckman AJ. Asymmetric Hydroboration Approach to the Scalable Synthesis of ((1R,3S)-1-Amino-3-((R)-6-hexyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)cyclopentyl)methanol (BMS-986104) as a Potent S1P1 Receptor Modulator. J Med Chem 2016; 59:11138-11147. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Yang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Zili Xiao
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - T. G. Murali Dhar
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Hai-Yun Xiao
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - John L. Gilmore
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - David Marcoux
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jenny H. Xie
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Kim W. McIntyre
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Tracy L. Taylor
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Virna Borowski
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Elizabeth Heimrich
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Yu-Wen Li
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jianlin Feng
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Alda Fernandes
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Zheng Yang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Praveen Balimane
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Anthony M. Marino
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Georgia Cornelius
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Bethanne M. Warrack
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Bala Pragalathan
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Ding Ren Shen
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Lois D. Lehman-McKeeman
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Luisa Salter-Cid
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Joel C. Barrish
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Percy H. Carter
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Alaric J. Dyckman
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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Gilmore JL, Sheppeck JE, Watterson SH, Haque L, Mukhopadhyay P, Tebben AJ, Galella MA, Shen DR, Yarde M, Cvijic ME, Borowski V, Gillooly K, Taylor T, McIntyre KW, Warrack B, Levesque PC, Li JP, Cornelius G, D’Arienzo C, Marino A, Balimane P, Salter-Cid L, Barrish JC, Pitts WJ, Carter PH, Xie J, Dyckman AJ. Discovery and Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) of a Series of Ethanolamine-Based Direct-Acting Agonists of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P1). J Med Chem 2016; 59:6248-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John L. Gilmore
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - James E. Sheppeck
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Scott H. Watterson
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Lauren Haque
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Parag Mukhopadhyay
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Andrew J. Tebben
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Michael A. Galella
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ding Ren Shen
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Melissa Yarde
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Virna Borowski
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kathleen Gillooly
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Tracy Taylor
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kim W. McIntyre
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Bethanne Warrack
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Paul C. Levesque
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Julia P. Li
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Georgia Cornelius
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Celia D’Arienzo
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Anthony Marino
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Praveen Balimane
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Luisa Salter-Cid
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joel C. Barrish
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - William J. Pitts
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Percy H. Carter
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jenny Xie
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Alaric J. Dyckman
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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4
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Guo J, Watterson SH, Spergel SH, Kempson J, Langevine CM, Shen DR, Yarde M, Cvijic ME, Banas D, Liu R, Suchard SJ, Gillooly K, Taylor T, Rex-Rabe S, Shuster DJ, McIntyre KW, Cornelius G, D’Arienzo C, Marino A, Balimane P, Salter-Cid L, McKinnon M, Barrish JC, Carter PH, Pitts WJ, Xie J, Dyckman AJ. Identification and synthesis of potent and selective pyridyl-isoxazole based agonists of sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 (S1P1). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2470-2474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dhar TGM, Xiao HY, Xie J, Lehman-McKeeman LD, Wu DR, Dabros M, Yang X, Taylor TL, Zhou XD, Heimrich EM, Thomas R, McIntyre KW, Warrack B, Shi H, Levesque PC, Zhu JL, Hennan J, Balimane P, Yang Z, Marino AM, Cornelius G, D’Arienzo CJ, Mathur A, Shen DR, Cvijic ME, Salter-Cid L, Barrish JC, Carter PH, Dyckman AJ. Identification and Preclinical Pharmacology of BMS-986104: A Differentiated S1P1 Receptor Modulator in Clinical Trials. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:283-8. [PMID: 26985316 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical validation of S1P receptor modulation therapy was achieved with the approval of fingolimod (Gilenya, 1) as the first oral therapy for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. However, 1 causes a dose-dependent reduction in the heart rate (bradycardia), which occurs within hours after first dose. We disclose the identification of clinical compound BMS-986104 (3d), a novel S1P1 receptor modulator, which demonstrates ligand-biased signaling and differentiates from 1 in terms of cardiovascular and pulmonary safety based on preclinical pharmacology while showing equivalent efficacy in a T-cell transfer colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. G. Murali Dhar
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Hai-Yun Xiao
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jenny Xie
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Lois D. Lehman-McKeeman
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Marta Dabros
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Tracy L. Taylor
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Xia D. Zhou
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Heimrich
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Rochelle Thomas
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Kim W. McIntyre
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Bethanne Warrack
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Hong Shi
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Paul C. Levesque
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jia L. Zhu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - James Hennan
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Praveen Balimane
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Zheng Yang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Anthony M. Marino
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Georgia Cornelius
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Celia J. D’Arienzo
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Ding Ren Shen
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Luisa Salter-Cid
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Joel C. Barrish
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Percy H. Carter
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Alaric J. Dyckman
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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Watterson SH, Guo J, Spergel SH, Langevine CM, Moquin RV, Shen DR, Yarde M, Cvijic ME, Banas D, Liu R, Suchard SJ, Gillooly K, Taylor T, Rex-Rabe S, Shuster DJ, McIntyre KW, Cornelius G, D’Arienzo C, Marino A, Balimane P, Warrack B, Salter-Cid L, McKinnon M, Barrish JC, Carter PH, Pitts WJ, Xie J, Dyckman AJ. Potent and Selective Agonists of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate 1 (S1P1): Discovery and SAR of a Novel Isoxazole Based Series. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2820-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott H. Watterson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Junqing Guo
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Steve H. Spergel
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Charles M. Langevine
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Robert V. Moquin
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ding Ren Shen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Melissa Yarde
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dana Banas
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Richard Liu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Suzanne J. Suchard
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kathleen Gillooly
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Tracy Taylor
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Sandra Rex-Rabe
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - David J. Shuster
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kim W. McIntyre
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Georgia Cornelius
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Celia D’Arienzo
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Anthony Marino
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Praveen Balimane
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Bethanne Warrack
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Luisa Salter-Cid
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Murray McKinnon
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joel C. Barrish
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Percy H. Carter
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - William J. Pitts
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jenny Xie
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Alaric J. Dyckman
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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7
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Tang H, Shen DR, Han YH, Kong Y, Balimane P, Marino A, Gao M, Wu S, Xie D, Soars MG, O’Connell JC, Rodrigues AD, Zhang L, Cvijic ME. Development of Novel, 384-Well High-Throughput Assay Panels for Human Drug Transporters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:1072-83. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057113494807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transporter proteins are known to play a critical role in affecting the overall absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics of drug candidates. In addition to efflux transporters (P-gp, BCRP, MRP2, etc.) that limit absorption, there has been a renewed interest in influx transporters at the renal (OATs, OCTs) and hepatic (OATPs, BSEP, NTCP, etc.) organ level that can cause significant clinical drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Several of these transporters are also critical for hepatobiliary disposition of bilirubin and bile acid/salts, and their inhibition is directly implicated in hepatic toxicities. Regulatory agencies took action to address transporter-mediated DDI with the goal of ensuring drug safety in the clinic and on the market. To meet regulatory requirements, advanced bioassay technology and automation solutions were implemented for high-throughput transporter screening to provide structure-activity relationship within lead optimization. To enhance capacity, several functional assay formats were miniaturized to 384-well throughput including novel fluorescence-based uptake and efflux inhibition assays using high-content image analysis as well as cell-based radioactive uptake and vesicle-based efflux inhibition assays. This high-throughput capability enabled a paradigm shift from studying transporter-related issues in the development space to identifying and dialing out these concerns early on in discovery for enhanced mechanism-based efficacy while circumventing DDIs and transporter toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Tang
- Department of Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ding Ren Shen
- Department of Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yong-Hae Han
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Praveen Balimane
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Anthony Marino
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mian Gao
- Department of Protein Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Sophie Wu
- Department of Protein Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Dianlin Xie
- Department of Protein Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew G. Soars
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jonathan C. O’Connell
- Department of Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - A. David Rodrigues
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Litao Zhang
- Department of Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Department of Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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8
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Ellens H, Deng S, Coleman J, Bentz J, Taub ME, Ragueneau-Majlessi I, Chung SP, Herédi-Szabó K, Neuhoff S, Palm J, Balimane P, Zhang L, Jamei M, Hanna I, O'Connor M, Bednarczyk D, Forsgard M, Chu X, Funk C, Guo A, Hillgren KM, Li L, Pak AY, Perloff ES, Rajaraman G, Salphati L, Taur JS, Weitz D, Wortelboer HM, Xia CQ, Xiao G, Yamagata T, Lee CA. Application of receiver operating characteristic analysis to refine the prediction of potential digoxin drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1367-74. [PMID: 23620486 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.050542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 2012 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) draft guidance on drug-drug interactions (DDIs), a new molecular entity that inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp) may need a clinical DDI study with a P-gp substrate such as digoxin when the maximum concentration of inhibitor at steady state divided by IC₅₀ ([I₁]/IC₅₀) is ≥0.1 or concentration of inhibitor based on highest approved dose dissolved in 250 ml divide by IC₅₀ ([I₂]/IC₅₀) is ≥10. In this article, refined criteria are presented, determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis, using IC₅₀ values generated by 23 laboratories. P-gp probe substrates were digoxin for polarized cell-lines and N-methyl quinidine or vinblastine for P-gp overexpressed vesicles. Inhibition of probe substrate transport was evaluated using 15 known P-gp inhibitors. Importantly, the criteria derived in this article take into account variability in IC₅₀ values. Moreover, they are statistically derived based on the highest degree of accuracy in predicting true positive and true negative digoxin DDI results. The refined criteria of [I₁]/IC₅₀ ≥ 0.03 and [I₂]/IC₅₀ ≥ 45 and FDA criteria were applied to a test set of 101 in vitro-in vivo digoxin DDI pairs collated from the literature. The number of false negatives (none predicted but DDI observed) were similar, 10 and 12%, whereas the number of false positives (DDI predicted but not observed) substantially decreased from 51 to 40%, relative to the FDA criteria. On the basis of estimated overall variability in IC₅₀ values, a theoretical 95% confidence interval calculation was developed for single laboratory IC₅₀ values, translating into a range of [I₁]/IC₅₀ and [I₂]/IC₅₀ values. The extent by which this range falls above the criteria is a measure of risk associated with the decision, attributable to variability in IC₅₀ values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harma Ellens
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Bentz J, O'Connor MP, Bednarczyk D, Coleman J, Lee C, Palm J, Pak YA, Perloff ES, Reyner E, Balimane P, Brännström M, Chu X, Funk C, Guo A, Hanna I, Herédi-Szabó K, Hillgren K, Li L, Hollnack-Pusch E, Jamei M, Lin X, Mason AK, Neuhoff S, Patel A, Podila L, Plise E, Rajaraman G, Salphati L, Sands E, Taub ME, Taur JS, Weitz D, Wortelboer HM, Xia CQ, Xiao G, Yabut J, Yamagata T, Zhang L, Ellens H. Variability in P-glycoprotein inhibitory potency (IC₅₀) using various in vitro experimental systems: implications for universal digoxin drug-drug interaction risk assessment decision criteria. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1347-66. [PMID: 23620485 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A P-glycoprotein (P-gp) IC₅₀ working group was established with 23 participating pharmaceutical and contract research laboratories and one academic institution to assess interlaboratory variability in P-gp IC₅₀ determinations. Each laboratory followed its in-house protocol to determine in vitro IC₅₀ values for 16 inhibitors using four different test systems: human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2; eleven laboratories), Madin-Darby canine kidney cells transfected with MDR1 cDNA (MDCKII-MDR1; six laboratories), and Lilly Laboratories Cells--Porcine Kidney Nr. 1 cells transfected with MDR1 cDNA (LLC-PK1-MDR1; four laboratories), and membrane vesicles containing human P-glycoprotein (P-gp; five laboratories). For cell models, various equations to calculate remaining transport activity (e.g., efflux ratio, unidirectional flux, net-secretory-flux) were also evaluated. The difference in IC₅₀ values for each of the inhibitors across all test systems and equations ranged from a minimum of 20- and 24-fold between lowest and highest IC₅₀ values for sertraline and isradipine, to a maximum of 407- and 796-fold for telmisartan and verapamil, respectively. For telmisartan and verapamil, variability was greatly influenced by data from one laboratory in each case. Excluding these two data sets brings the range in IC₅₀ values for telmisartan and verapamil down to 69- and 159-fold. The efflux ratio-based equation generally resulted in severalfold lower IC₅₀ values compared with unidirectional or net-secretory-flux equations. Statistical analysis indicated that variability in IC₅₀ values was mainly due to interlaboratory variability, rather than an implicit systematic difference between test systems. Potential reasons for variability are discussed and the simplest, most robust experimental design for P-gp IC₅₀ determination proposed. The impact of these findings on drug-drug interaction risk assessment is discussed in the companion article (Ellens et al., 2013) and recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Bentz
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Zhang D, Herbst JJ, Kolb J, Wang L, Shou W, Balimane P, He K, Frost C, Humphreys WG. Characterization of Efflux Transporters Involved in Distribution and Disposition of Apixaban. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.891.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Candidate OptimizationBristol‐Myers SquibbPrincetonNJ
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kan He
- Bristol‐Myers SquibbPrincetonNJ
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11
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Shen H, Yang Z, Mintier G, Han YH, Chen C, Balimane P, Jemal M, Zhao W, Zhang R, Kallipatti S, Selvam S, Sukrutharaj S, Krishnamurthy P, Marathe P, Rodrigues AD. Cynomolgus monkey as a potential model to assess drug interactions involving hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides: in vitro, in vivo, and in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 344:673-85. [PMID: 23297161 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.200691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1B1, 1B3, and 2B1 can serve as the loci of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). In the present work, the cynomolgus monkey was evaluated as a potential model for studying OATP-mediated DDIs. Three cynomolgus monkey OATPs (cOATPs), with a high degree of amino acid sequence identity (91.9, 93.5, and 96.6% for OATP1B1, 1B3, and 2B1, respectively) to their human counterparts, were cloned, expressed, and characterized. The cOATPs were stably transfected in human embryonic kidney cells and were functionally similar to the corresponding human OATPs (hOATPs), as evident from the similar uptake rate of typical substrates (estradiol-17β-d-glucuronide, cholecystokinin octapeptide, and estrone-3-sulfate). Moreover, six known hOATP inhibitors exhibited similar IC(50) values against cOATPs. To further evaluate the appropriateness of the cynomolgus monkey as a model, a known hOATP substrate [rosuvastatin (RSV)]-inhibitor [rifampicin (RIF)] pair was examined in vitro; the monkey-derived parameters (RSV K(m) and RIF IC(50)) were similar (within 3.5-fold) to those obtained with hOATPs and human primary hepatocytes. In vivo, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of RSV (3 mg/kg, oral) given 1 hour after a single RIF dose (15 mg/kg, oral) was increased 2.9-fold in cynomolgus monkeys, consistent with the value (3.0-fold) reported in humans. A number of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation approaches, considering the fraction of the pathways affected and free versus total inhibitor concentrations, were also explored. It is concluded that the cynomolgus monkey has the potential to serve as a useful model for the assessment of OATP-mediated DDIs in a nonclinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
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12
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Scheer N, Balimane P, Hayward MD, Buechel S, Kauselmann G, Wolf CR. Generation and characterization of a novel multidrug resistance protein 2 humanized mouse line. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:2212-8. [PMID: 22917771 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.047605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 2 is predominantly expressed in liver, intestine, and kidney, where it plays an important role in the excretion of a range of drugs and their metabolites or endogenous compounds into bile, feces, and urine. Mrp knockout [Mrp2(-/-)] mice have been used recently to study the role of MRP2 in drug disposition. Here, we describe the first generation and initial characterization of a mouse line humanized for MRP2 (huMRP2), which is nulled for the mouse Mrp2 gene and expresses the human transporter in the organs and cell types where MRP2 is normally expressed. Analysis of the mRNA expression for selected cytochrome P450 and transporter genes revealed no major changes in huMRP2 mice compared with wild-type controls. We show that human MRP2 is able to compensate functionally for the loss of the mouse transporter as demonstrated by comparable bilirubin levels in the humanized mice and wild-type controls, in contrast to the hyperbilirubinemia phenotype that is observed in MRP2(-/-) mice. The huMRP2 mouse provides a model to study the role of the human transporter in drug disposition and in assessing the in vivo consequences of inhibiting this transporter by compounds interacting with human MRP2.
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13
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Watterson SH, Xiao Z, Dodd DS, Tortolani DR, Vaccaro W, Potin D, Launay M, Stetsko DK, Skala S, Davis PM, Lee D, Yang X, McIntyre KW, Balimane P, Patel K, Yang Z, Marathe P, Kadiyala P, Tebben AJ, Sheriff S, Chang CY, Ziemba T, Zhang H, Chen BC, DelMonte AJ, Aranibar N, McKinnon M, Barrish JC, Suchard SJ, Murali Dhar TG. Small molecule antagonist of leukocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1): structure-activity relationships leading to the identification of 6-((5S,9R)-9-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)nicotinic acid (BMS-688521). J Med Chem 2010; 53:3814-30. [PMID: 20405922 DOI: 10.1021/jm100348u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), also known as CD11a/CD18 or alpha(L)beta(2), belongs to the beta(2) integrin subfamily and is constitutively expressed on all leukocytes. The major ligands of LFA-1 include three intercellular adhesion molecules 1, 2, and 3 (ICAM 1, 2, and 3). The interactions between LFA-1 and the ICAMs are critical for cell adhesion, and preclinical animal studies and clinical data from the humanized anti-LFA-1 antibody efalizumab have provided proof-of-concept for LFA-1 as an immunological target. This article will detail the structure-activity relationships (SAR) leading to a novel second generation series of highly potent spirocyclic hydantoin antagonists of LFA-1. With significantly enhanced in vitro and ex vivo potency relative to our first clinical compound (1), as well as demonstrated in vivo activity and an acceptable pharmacokinetic and safety profile, 6-((5S,9R)-9-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro-[4.4]nonan-7-yl)nicotinic acid (2e) was selected to advance into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Watterson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
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14
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Zimmermann K, Wittman MD, Saulnier MG, Velaparthi U, Sang X, Frennesson DB, Struzynski C, Seitz SP, He L, Carboni JM, Li A, Greer AF, Gottardis M, Attar RM, Yang Z, Balimane P, Discenza LN, Lee FY, Sinz M, Kim S, Vyas D. SAR of PXR transactivation in benzimidazole-based IGF-1R kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1744-8. [PMID: 20153189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The SAR of PXR transactivation by 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine-2-one based ATP competitive inhibitors of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor kinase (IGF-1R) is discussed. Compounds without PXR transactivation, with in vivo antitumor activity, reduced protein binding and improved oral exposure are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Zimmermann
- Oncology Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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15
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Wittman MD, Carboni JM, Yang Z, Lee FY, Antman M, Attar R, Balimane P, Chang C, Chen C, Discenza L, Frennesson D, Gottardis MM, Greer A, Hurlburt W, Johnson W, Langley DR, Li A, Li J, Liu P, Mastalerz H, Mathur A, Menard K, Patel K, Sack J, Sang X, Saulnier M, Smith D, Stefanski K, Trainor G, Velaparthi U, Zhang G, Zimmermann K, Vyas DM. Discovery of a 2,4-disubstituted pyrrolo[1,2-f][1,2,4]triazine inhibitor (BMS-754807) of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) kinase in clinical development. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7360-3. [PMID: 19778024 DOI: 10.1021/jm900786r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the biological activity, characterization, and SAR leading to 9d (BMS-754807) a small molecule IGF-1R kinase inhibitor in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Wittman
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA
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16
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Velaparthi U, Wittman M, Liu P, Carboni JM, Lee FY, Attar R, Balimane P, Clarke W, Sinz MW, Hurlburt W, Patel K, Discenza L, Kim S, Gottardis M, Greer A, Li A, Saulnier M, Yang Z, Zimmermann K, Trainor G, Vyas D. Discovery and evaluation of 4-(2-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethylamino)-3-(6-(1-(3-fluoropropyl)piperidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (BMS-695735), an orally efficacious inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor kinase with broad spectrum in vivo antitumor activity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5897-900. [PMID: 18763755 DOI: 10.1021/jm800832q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that 1 (BMS-536924), a benzimidazole inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, had demonstrated in vivo antitumor activity. This lead compound was found to have potent CYP3A4 inhibition, CYP3A4 induction mediated by PXR transactivation, poor aqueous solubility, and high plasma protein binding. Herein we disclose the evolution of this chemotype to address these issues. This effort led to 10 (BMS-695735), which exhibits improved ADME properties, a low risk for drug-drug interactions, and in vivo efficacy in multiple xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upender Velaparthi
- Discovery Chemistry, Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA.
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17
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Zimmermann K, Wittman MD, Saulnier MG, Velaparthi U, Langley DR, Sang X, Frennesson D, Carboni J, Li A, Greer A, Gottardis M, Attar RM, Yang Z, Balimane P, Discenza LN, Vyas D. Balancing oral exposure with Cyp3A4 inhibition in benzimidazole-based IGF-IR inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4075-80. [PMID: 18572407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
3-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine-2-one-based ATP competitive inhibitors of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Kinase (IGF-IR) were optimized for reduced Cyp3A4 inhibition and improved oral exposure. The use of malonate as methyl anion synthon via S(N)Ar reaction and double decarboxylation under mild conditions is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Zimmermann
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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18
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Hokey DA, Hirao LA, Calarota SA, Yan J, Boyer JD, Dai A, Yoon H, Jure-Kunkel MN, Balimane P, Weiner DB. 4-1BB antibody significantly enhances SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity and proliferation following naked DNA vaccination in cynomolgus macaques (47.10). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.47.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A major challenge in the development of an effective vaccine for HIV is to stimulate potent cell-mediated immunity that includes the induction of long term memory. Ligation of the activation-induced co-stimulatory molecule, 4-1BB, stimulates CD8+ T-cell proliferation and the generation of memory in mice. We evaluated monoclonal antibody (mAb) agonists for 4-1BB to enhance DNA vaccines. Two studies were performed in cynomolgus macaques to evaluate the ability of these mAb to augment intramuscular DNA immunizations with either plasmid SIV-Gag or with codon-optimized consensus SIV-Gag, SIV-Env, and SIV-Pol plasmid DNA. Administration of anti-4-1BB mAb doubled the CD8+ T-cell killing ability as measured by granzyme B ELISpot assays. Furthermore, the proliferative response of SIV-specific CD8+ T-cells was increased by more than 5-fold after one immunization as measured by CFSE proliferation assays. Our data demonstrate the ability of 4-1BB stimulation to enhance cellular immunity following DNA vaccination in NHPs. These findings have clinical importance in that they represent a considerable improvement in the efficacy of naked intramuscular DNA vaccines in large animals and demonstrate the ability of 4-1BB agonists to direct CD8+ T-cell responses and memory.
This work is supported in part by NIH and NIAID funds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hokey
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, 505 SCL, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,
| | - Lauren A. Hirao
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, 505 SCL, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,
| | - Sandra A. Calarota
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, 505 SCL, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,
| | - Jian Yan
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, 505 SCL, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,
| | - Jean D. Boyer
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, 505 SCL, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,
| | - Anlan Dai
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, 505 SCL, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,
| | - Hanna Yoon
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, 505 SCL, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,
| | - Maria N. Jure-Kunkel
- 2Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ, 08543
| | - Praveen Balimane
- 2Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ, 08543
| | - David B. Weiner
- 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, 505 SCL, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,
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19
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Abstract
17alpha-Ethinylestradiol (EE) is widely used as the estrogenic component of oral contraceptives (OC). In vitro and in vivo metabolism studies indicate that EE is extensively metabolised, primarily via intestinal sulfation and hepatic oxidation, glucuronidation and sulfation. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4-mediated EE 2-hydroxylation is the major pathway of oxidative metabolism of EE. For some time it has been known that inducers of drug-metabolising enzymes (such as the CYP3A4 inducer rifampicin [rifampin]) can lead to breakthrough bleeding and contraceptive failure. Conversely, inhibitors of drug-metabolising enzymes can give rise to elevated EE plasma concentrations and increased risks of vascular disease and hypertension. In vitro studies have also shown that EE inhibits a number of human CYP enzymes, such as CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. Consequently, there are numerous reports in the literature describing EE-containing OC formulations as perpetrators of pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Because EE may participate in multiple pharmacokinetic drug interactions as either a victim or perpetrator, pharmaceutical companies routinely conduct clinical drug interaction studies with EE-containing OCs when evaluating new chemical entities in development. It is therefore critical to understand the mechanisms underlying these drug interactions. Such an understanding can enable the interpretation of clinical data and lead to a greater appreciation of the profile of the drug by physicians, clinicians and regulators. This article summarises what is known of the drug-metabolising enzymes and transporters governing the metabolism, disposition and excretion of EE. An effort is made to relate this information to known clinical drug-drug interactions. The inhibition and induction of drug-metabolising enzymes by EE is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Zhang
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
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20
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Potin D, Launay M, Monatlik F, Malabre P, Fabreguettes M, Fouquet A, Maillet M, Nicolai E, Dorgeret L, Chevallier F, Besse D, Dufort M, Caussade F, Ahmad SZ, Stetsko DK, Skala S, Davis PM, Balimane P, Patel K, Yang Z, Marathe P, Postelneck J, Townsend RM, Goldfarb V, Sheriff S, Einspahr H, Kish K, Malley MF, DiMarco JD, Gougoutas JZ, Kadiyala P, Cheney DL, Tejwani RW, Murphy DK, Mcintyre KW, Yang X, Chao S, Leith L, Xiao Z, Mathur A, Chen BC, Wu DR, Traeger SC, McKinnon M, Barrish JC, Robl JA, Iwanowicz EJ, Suchard SJ, Dhar TGM. Discovery and Development of 5-[(5S,9R)-9- (4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1- methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]non- 7-yl-methyl]-3-thiophenecarboxylic Acid (BMS-587101)A Small Molecule Antagonist of Leukocyte Function Associated Antigen-1. J Med Chem 2006; 49:6946-9. [PMID: 17125246 DOI: 10.1021/jm0610806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
LFA-1 (leukocyte function-associated antigen-1), is a member of the beta2-integrin family and is expressed on all leukocytes. This letter describes the discovery and preliminary SAR of spirocyclic hydantoin based LFA-1 antagonists that culminated in the identification of analog 8 as a clinical candidate. We also report the first example of the efficacy of a small molecule LFA-1 antagonist in combination with CTLA-4Ig in an animal model of transplant rejection.
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21
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Smalley J, Kadiyala P, Xin B, Balimane P, Olah T. Development of an on-line extraction turbulent flow chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for cassette analysis of Caco-2 cell based bi-directional assay samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 830:270-7. [PMID: 16307910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Revised: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Caco-2 cells are frequently used for screening compounds for their permeability characteristics and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) interaction potential. Bi-directional permeability studies performed on Caco-2 cells followed by analysis by HPLC-UV or LC-MS method constitutes the "method of choice" for the functional assessment of efflux characteristics of a test compound. A high throughput LC-MS/MS method has been developed using on-line extraction turbulent flow chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometric detection to analyze multiple compounds present in Hanks balanced salt solution in a single analytical run. All standard curves (P-gp substrates: quinidine, etoposide, rhodamine 123, dexamethasone, and verapamil and non-substrates: metoprolol, sulfasalazine, propranolol, nadolol, and furosemide) were prepared in a cassette mode (ten-in-one) while Caco-2 cell incubations were performed both in discreet mode and in cassette mode. The standard curve range for most compounds was 10-2500 nM with regression coefficients (R(2)) greater than 0.99 for all compounds. The applicability and reliability of the analysis method was evaluated by successful demonstration of efflux ratio greater than 1 for the P-gp substrates studied in the Caco-2 cell model. The use of cassette mode analysis through selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry presents an attractive option to increase the throughput, sensitivity, selectivity, and efficiency of the model over discreet mode UV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Smalley
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543-5400, USA.
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Wittman M, Carboni J, Attar R, Balasubramanian B, Balimane P, Brassil P, Beaulieu F, Chang C, Clarke W, Dell J, Eummer J, Frennesson D, Gottardis M, Greer A, Hansel S, Hurlburt W, Jacobson B, Krishnananthan S, Lee FY, Li A, Lin TA, Liu P, Ouellet C, Sang X, Saulnier MG, Stoffan K, Sun Y, Velaparthi U, Wong H, Yang Z, Zimmermann K, Zoeckler M, Vyas D. Discovery of a (1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyridin-2-one (BMS-536924) inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor I receptor kinase with in vivo antitumor activity. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5639-43. [PMID: 16134929 DOI: 10.1021/jm050392q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Compound 3 (BMS-536924), a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor receptor kinase with equal potency against the insulin receptor is described. The in vitro and in vivo biological activity of this interesting compound is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wittman
- Discovery Chemistry, Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Computer Aided Drug Design, and Department of Chemical Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Carrier-mediated transport of valacyclovir (vacv), the L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir (acv), via the human peptide transporter (hPepT1) has been shown in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in cell lines such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and Caco-2 transfected with the hPepT1 gene. However, significant differences in vacv uptake were observed in those models as extracellular pH varied. The purpose of this work was to characterize the interactions of various ionic species of vacv with the peptide transporter by overexpressing the transporter gene, hPepT1, in CHO cells. Based on the pK(a) values of vacv, it was determined that vacv exists as four different ionic species (di-cationic, cationic, neutral and anionic) with a predominance of cationic and neutral species at physiologically relevant pH conditions. Vacv uptake was shown to increase with increasing pH of the extracellular medium from 5.5 to 7.2. The uptake value was maximal at around pH 7.2 and did not vary for studies done at higher pH. Vacv uptake was concentration dependent and saturable at all pH conditions (5.5, 6.2, 6.8, 7.5 and 7.9) with apparent Michaelis-Menten constants, mean (S.D.), of 7.42(0.32), 6.64(1.20), 5.38(0.88), 2.69(0.23) and 2.23(0.33) mM, respectively. The current results demonstrate that the estimated affinities of the cationic and the neutral species of vacv with hPepT1 are significantly different (7.4 versus 1.2 mM, respectively). Given the axial and radial (microclimate) pH gradients known to exist in the intestine, the greater than six-fold difference in affinity constants suggests that intestinal pH fluctuations may significantly impact upon the variability of vacv uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Balimane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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