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1
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Charity RJ, Wylie J, Wang SM, Webb TB, Brown KW, Cerizza G, Chajecki Z, Elson JM, Estee J, Hoff DEM, Kuvin SA, Lynch WG, Manfredi J, Michel N, McNeel DG, Morfouace P, Nazarewicz W, Pruitt CD, Santamaria C, Sweany S, Smith J, Sobotka LG, Tsang MB, Wuosmaa AH. Strong Evidence for ^{9}N and the Limits of Existence of Atomic Nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:172501. [PMID: 37955509 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.172501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The boundaries of the chart of nuclides contain exotic isotopes that possess extreme proton-to-neutron asymmetries. Here we report on strong evidence of ^{9}N, one of the most exotic proton-rich isotopes where more than one half of its constitute nucleons are unbound. With seven protons and two neutrons, this extremely proton-rich system would represent the first-known example of a ground-state five-proton emitter. The invariant-mass spectrum of its decay products can be fit with two peaks whose energies are consistent with the theoretical predictions of an open-quantum-system approach; however, we cannot rule out the possibility that only a single resonancelike peak is present in the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Charity
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J Wylie
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S M Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics, NSFC and Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - T B Webb
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K W Brown
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G Cerizza
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Z Chajecki
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - J M Elson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J Estee
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D E M Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - S A Kuvin
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - W G Lynch
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Manfredi
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Michel
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - D G McNeel
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - P Morfouace
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - W Nazarewicz
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C D Pruitt
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C Santamaria
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Sweany
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - L G Sobotka
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M B Tsang
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A H Wuosmaa
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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2
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Gade A, Brown BA, Weisshaar D, Bazin D, Brown KW, Charity RJ, Farris P, Hill AM, Li J, Longfellow B, Rhodes D, Reviol W, Tostevin JA. Dissipative Reactions with Intermediate-Energy Beams: A Novel Approach to Populate Complex-Structure States in Rare Isotopes. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:242501. [PMID: 36563248 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.242501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel pathway for the formation of multiparticle-multihole excited states in rare isotopes is reported from highly energy- and momentum-dissipative inelastic-scattering events measured in reactions of an intermediate-energy beam of ^{38}Ca on a Be target. The negative-parity, complex-structure final states in ^{38}Ca are observed following the in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of events in the ^{9}Be(^{38}Ca,^{38}Ca+γ)X reaction in which the scattered projectile loses longitudinal momentum of order Δp_{||}=700 MeV/c. The characteristics of the observed final states are discussed and found to be consistent with the formation of excited states involving the rearrangement of multiple nucleons in a single, highly energetic projectile-target collision. Unlike the far-less-dissipative, surface-grazing reactions usually exploited for the in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of rare isotopes, these more energetic collisions appear to offer a practical pathway to nuclear-structure studies of more complex multiparticle configurations in rare isotopes-final states conventionally thought to be out of reach with high-luminosity fast-beam-induced reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gade
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B A Brown
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Weisshaar
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Bazin
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K W Brown
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R J Charity
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - P Farris
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A M Hill
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Li
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Longfellow
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Rhodes
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - W Reviol
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J A Tostevin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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3
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Bishop J, Parker CE, Rogachev GV, Ahn S, Koshchiy E, Brandenburg K, Brune CR, Charity RJ, Derkin J, Dronchi N, Hamad G, Jones-Alberty Y, Kokalova T, Massey TN, Meisel Z, Ohstrom EV, Paneru SN, Pollacco EC, Saxena M, Singh N, Smith R, Sobotka LG, Soltesz D, Subedi SK, Voinov AV, Warren J, Wheldon C. Neutron-upscattering enhancement of the triple-alpha process. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2151. [PMID: 35444209 PMCID: PMC9021293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutron inelastic scattering of carbon-12, populating the Hoyle state, is a reaction of interest for the triple-alpha process. The inverse process (neutron upscattering) can enhance the Hoyle state’s decay rate to the bound states of 12C, effectively increasing the overall triple-alpha reaction rate. The cross section of this reaction is impossible to measure experimentally but has been determined here at astrophysically-relevant energies using detailed balance. Using a highly-collimated monoenergetic beam, here we measure neutrons incident on the Texas Active Target Time Projection Chamber (TexAT TPC) filled with CO2 gas, we measure the 3α-particles (arising from the decay of the Hoyle state following inelastic scattering) and a cross section is extracted. Here we show the neutron-upscattering enhancement is observed to be much smaller than previously expected. The importance of the neutron-upscattering enhancement may therefore not be significant aside from in very particular astrophysical sites (e.g. neutron star mergers). The triple-alpha process plays a role in nucleosynthesis, in the formation of 12C. Here, the authors discuss the rate and role of the neutron upscattering phenomenon on the triple-alpha process in a multi-step process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bishop
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - C E Parker
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - G V Rogachev
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Nuclear Solutions Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - S Ahn
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - E Koshchiy
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - K Brandenburg
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - C R Brune
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - R J Charity
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - J Derkin
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - N Dronchi
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - G Hamad
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Y Jones-Alberty
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Tz Kokalova
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T N Massey
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Z Meisel
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - E V Ohstrom
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - S N Paneru
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - E C Pollacco
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Saxena
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - N Singh
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - R Smith
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - L G Sobotka
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - D Soltesz
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - S K Subedi
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - A V Voinov
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - J Warren
- Edwards Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - C Wheldon
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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4
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Jin Y, Niu CY, Brown KW, Li ZH, Hua H, Anthony AK, Barney J, Charity RJ, Crosby J, Dell'Aquila D, Elson JM, Estee J, Ghazali M, Jhang G, Li JG, Lynch WG, Michel N, Sobotka LG, Sweany S, Teh FCE, Thomas A, Tsang CY, Tsang MB, Wang SM, Wu HY, Yuan CX, Zhu K. First Observation of the Four-Proton Unbound Nucleus ^{18}Mg. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:262502. [PMID: 35029460 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.262502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
^{18}Mg was observed, for the first time, by the invariant-mass reconstruction of ^{14}O+4p events. The ground-state decay energy and width are E_{T}=4.865(34) MeV and Γ=115(100) keV, respectively. The observed momentum correlations between the five particles are consistent with two sequential steps of prompt 2p decay passing through the ground state of ^{16}Ne. The invariant-mass spectrum also provides evidence for an excited state at an excitation energy of 1.84(14) MeV, which is likely the first excited 2^{+} state. As this energy exceeds that for the 2^{+} state in ^{20}Mg, this observation provides an argument for the demise of the N=8 shell closure in nuclei far from stability. However, in open systems this classical argument for shell strength is compromised by Thomas-Ehrman shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jin
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - C Y Niu
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K W Brown
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Z H Li
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H Hua
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - A K Anthony
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Barney
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R J Charity
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J Crosby
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Dell'Aquila
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J M Elson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J Estee
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Ghazali
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G Jhang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J G Li
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - W G Lynch
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Michel
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - L G Sobotka
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - S Sweany
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - F C E Teh
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C Y Tsang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M B Tsang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S M Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- FRIB Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Y Wu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - C X Yuan
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - K Zhu
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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5
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Charity RJ, Webb TB, Elson JM, Hoff DEM, Pruitt CD, Sobotka LG, Brown KW, Cerizza G, Estee J, Lynch WG, Manfredi J, Morfouace P, Santamaria C, Sweany S, Tsang CY, Tsang MB, Zhang Y, Zhu K, Kuvin SA, McNeel D, Smith J, Wuosmaa AH, Chajecki Z. Observation of the Exotic Isotope ^{13}F Located Four Neutrons beyond the Proton Drip Line. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:132501. [PMID: 33861136 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A ^{13}F resonance was observed following a charge-exchange reaction between a fast ^{13}O beam and a ^{9}Be target. The resonance was found in the invariant-mass distribution of 3p+^{10}C events and probably corresponds to a 5/2^{+} excited state. The ground state was also expected to be populated, but was not resolved from the background. The observed level decays via initial proton emissions to both the ground and first 2^{+} state of ^{12}O, which subsequently undergo 2p decay. In addition, there may also be a significant proton decay branch to the second 2^{+} level in ^{12}O. The wave function associated with the observed level may be collectivized due to coupling to the continuum as is it located just above the threshold for proton decay to the 2_{2}^{+} state of ^{12}O.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Charity
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - T B Webb
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J M Elson
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - D E M Hoff
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C D Pruitt
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - L G Sobotka
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K W Brown
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G Cerizza
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Estee
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - W G Lynch
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Manfredi
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P Morfouace
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Santamaria
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Sweany
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Y Tsang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M B Tsang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Zhu
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S A Kuvin
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D McNeel
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - A H Wuosmaa
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Z Chajecki
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
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6
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Pruitt CD, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG, Atkinson MC, Dickhoff WH. Systematic Matter and Binding-Energy Distributions from a Dispersive Optical Model Analysis. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:102501. [PMID: 32955316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present the first systematic nonlocal dispersive optical model analysis using both bound-state and scattering data of ^{16,18}O, ^{40,48}Ca, ^{58,64}Ni, ^{112,124}Sn, and ^{208}Pb. In all systems, roughly half the total nuclear binding energy is associated with the most-bound 10% of the total nucleon density. The extracted neutron skins reveal the interplay of asymmetry, Coulomb, and shell effects on the skin thickness. Our results indicate that simultaneous optical model fits of inelastic scattering and structural data on isotopic pairs are effective for constraining asymmetry-dependent nuclear structural quantities otherwise difficult to observe experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Pruitt
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R J Charity
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - L G Sobotka
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M C Atkinson
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - W H Dickhoff
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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7
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Webb TB, Wang SM, Brown KW, Charity RJ, Elson JM, Barney J, Cerizza G, Chajecki Z, Estee J, Hoff DEM, Kuvin SA, Lynch WG, Manfredi J, McNeel D, Morfouace P, Nazarewicz W, Pruitt CD, Santamaria C, Smith J, Sobotka LG, Sweany S, Tsang CY, Tsang MB, Wuosmaa AH, Zhang Y, Zhu K. First Observation of Unbound ^{11}O, the Mirror of the Halo Nucleus ^{11}Li. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:122501. [PMID: 30978039 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the extremely proton-rich nucleus _{8}^{11}O_{3}, the mirror of the two-neutron halo nucleus _{3}^{11}Li_{8}, has been studied experimentally for the first time. Following two-neutron knockout reactions with a ^{13}O beam, the ^{11}O decay products were detected after two-proton emission and used to construct an invariant-mass spectrum. A broad peak of width ∼3.4 MeV was observed. Within the Gamow coupled-channel approach, it was concluded that this peak is a multiplet with contributions from the four lowest ^{11}O resonant states: J^{π}=3/2_{1}^{-}, 3/2_{2}^{-}, 5/2_{1}^{+}, and 5/2_{2}^{+}. The widths and configurations of these states show strong, nonmonotonic dependencies on the depth of the p-^{9}C potential. This unusual behavior is due to the presence of a broad threshold resonant state in ^{10}N, which is an analog of the virtual state in ^{10}Li in the presence of the Coulomb potential. After optimizing the model to the data, only a moderate isospin asymmetry between ground states of ^{11}O and ^{11}Li was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Webb
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - S M Wang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K W Brown
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R J Charity
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J M Elson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J Barney
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G Cerizza
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Z Chajecki
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - J Estee
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D E M Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - S A Kuvin
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - W G Lynch
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Manfredi
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D McNeel
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - P Morfouace
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - W Nazarewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and FRIB Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C D Pruitt
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C Santamaria
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - L G Sobotka
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - S Sweany
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Y Tsang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M B Tsang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A H Wuosmaa
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Zhu
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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8
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Hoff DEM, Charity RJ, Brown KW, Pruitt CD, Sobotka LG, Webb TB, Potel G, Roeder B, Saastamoinen A. Large Longitudinal Spin Alignment of Excited Projectiles in Intermediate Energy Inelastic Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:232501. [PMID: 29286688 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.232501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study the sequential breakup of E/A=24.0 MeV ^{7}Li projectiles excited through inelastic interactions with C, Be, and Al target nuclei. For peripheral events that do not excite the target, we find very large spin alignment of the excited ^{7}Li projectiles longitudinal to the beam axis. This spin alignment is independent of the target used, and we propose a simple alignment mechanism that arises from an angular-momentum-excitation-energy mismatch. This mechanism is independent of the potential used for scattering and should be present in many scattering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E M Hoff
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R J Charity
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K W Brown
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C D Pruitt
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - L G Sobotka
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - T B Webb
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - G Potel
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Roeder
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA
| | - A Saastamoinen
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA
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9
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Mahzoon MH, Atkinson MC, Charity RJ, Dickhoff WH. Neutron Skin Thickness of ^{48}Ca from a Nonlocal Dispersive Optical-Model Analysis. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:222503. [PMID: 29286793 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.222503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A nonlocal dispersive optical-model analysis has been carried out for neutrons and protons in ^{48}Ca. Elastic-scattering angular distributions, total and reaction cross sections, single-particle energies, the neutron and proton numbers, and the charge distribution have been fitted to extract the neutron and proton self-energies both above and below the Fermi energy. From the single-particle propagator resulting from these self-energies, we have determined the charge and neutron matter distributions in ^{48}Ca. A best fit neutron skin of 0.249±0.023 fm is deduced, but values up to 0.33 fm are still consistent. The energy dependence of the total neutron cross sections is shown to have a strong sensitivity to the skin thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Mahzoon
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Mathematics, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri 63501, USA
| | - M C Atkinson
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R J Charity
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - W H Dickhoff
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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10
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Charity RJ. Continuum spectroscopy of light nuclei. EPJ Web of Conferences 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201611706001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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11
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Brown KW, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG, Chajecki Z, Grigorenko LV, Egorova IA, Parfenova YL, Zhukov MV, Bedoor S, Buhro WW, Elson JM, Lynch WG, Manfredi J, McNeel DG, Reviol W, Shane R, Showalter RH, Tsang MB, Winkelbauer JR, Wuosmaa AH. Observation of long-range three-body coulomb effects in the decay of (16)Ne. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:232501. [PMID: 25526120 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.232501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of an E/A=57.6-MeV ^{17}Ne beam with a Be target is used to populate levels in ^{16}Ne following neutron knockout reactions. The decay of ^{16}Ne states into the three-body ^{14}O+p+p continuum is observed in the High Resolution Array (HiRA). For the first time for a 2p emitter, correlations between the momenta of the three decay products are measured with sufficient resolution and statistics to allow for an unambiguous demonstration of their dependence on the long-range nature of the Coulomb interaction. Contrary to previous measurements, our measured limit Γ<80 keV for the intrinsic decay width of the ground state is not in contradiction to the small values (of the order of keV) predicted theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Brown
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R J Charity
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - L G Sobotka
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Z Chajecki
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L V Grigorenko
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia and Russian Research Center "The Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov square 1, RU-123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Egorova
- Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINR, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Yu L Parfenova
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia and Skobel'tsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, RU-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Zhukov
- Fundamental Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - S Bedoor
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - W W Buhro
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J M Elson
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - W G Lynch
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J Manfredi
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D G McNeel
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - W Reviol
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R Shane
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R H Showalter
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M B Tsang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J R Winkelbauer
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A H Wuosmaa
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
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12
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Mahzoon MH, Charity RJ, Dickhoff WH, Dussan H, Waldecker SJ. Forging the link between nuclear reactions and nuclear structure. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:162503. [PMID: 24815643 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.162503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive description of all single-particle properties associated with the nucleus Ca40 is generated by employing a nonlocal dispersive optical potential capable of simultaneously reproducing all relevant data above and below the Fermi energy. The introduction of nonlocality in the absorptive potentials yields equivalent elastic differential cross sections as compared to local versions but changes the absorption profile as a function of angular momentum suggesting important consequences for the analysis of nuclear reactions. Below the Fermi energy, nonlocality is essential to allow for an accurate representation of particle number and the nuclear charge density. Spectral properties implied by (e, e'p) and (p, 2p) reactions are correctly incorporated, including the energy distribution of about 10% high-momentum nucleons, as experimentally determined by data from Jefferson Lab. These high-momentum nucleons provide a substantial contribution to the energy of the ground state, indicating a residual attractive contribution from higher-body interactions for Ca40 of about 0.64 MeV/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Mahzoon
- Department of Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R J Charity
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - W H Dickhoff
- Department of Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - H Dussan
- Department of Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - S J Waldecker
- Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403, USA
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13
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Jiang CL, Back BB, Esbensen H, Janssens RVF, Rehm KE, Charity RJ. Origin and consequences of 12C+12C fusion resonances at deep sub-barrier energies. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:072701. [PMID: 25166370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.072701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous explanations for the resonance behavior of (12)C+(12)C fusion at low energies were based on a nonresonant compound-nucleus background and an additional contribution from a series of resonances. This separation into "resonance" and "background" contributions of the cross section is artificial. We propose to explain this phenomenon through the impact on the cross section of the relatively large spacings and the narrow widths of (24)Mg compound levels in the corresponding excitation-energy region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Jiang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B B Back
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Esbensen
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R V F Janssens
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K E Rehm
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R J Charity
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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14
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Egorova IA, Charity RJ, Grigorenko LV, Chajecki Z, Coupland D, Elson JM, Ghosh TK, Howard ME, Iwasaki H, Kilburn M, Lee J, Lynch WG, Manfredi J, Marley ST, Sanetullaev A, Shane R, Shetty DV, Sobotka LG, Tsang MB, Winkelbauer J, Wuosmaa AH, Youngs M, Zhukov MV. Democratic decay of 6Be exposed by correlations. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:202502. [PMID: 23215475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.202502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of an E/A=70-MeV (7)Be beam with a Be target was used to populate levels in (6)Be following neutron knockout reactions. The three-body decay of the ground and first excited states into the α+p+p exit channel were detected in the High Resolution Array. Precise three-body correlations extracted from the experimental data allowed us to obtain insight into the mechanism of the three-body democratic decay. The correlation data are in good agreement with a three-cluster-model calculation and thus validate this theoretical approach over a broad energy range.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Egorova
- Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINR, Dubna 141980, Russia
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15
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Rogers AM, Famiano MA, Lynch WG, Wallace MS, Amorini F, Bazin D, Charity RJ, Delaunay F, de Souza RT, Elson J, Gade A, Galaviz D, van Goethem MJ, Hudan S, Lee J, Lobastov S, Lukyanov S, Matoš M, Mocko M, Schatz H, Shapira D, Sobotka LG, Tsang MB, Verde G. Ground-state proton decay of 69Br and implications for the 68Se astrophysical rapid proton-capture process waiting point. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:252503. [PMID: 21770637 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.252503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first direct measurement of the proton separation energy for the proton-unbound nucleus (69)Br. Bypassing the (68)Se waiting point in the rp process is directly related to the 2p-capture rate through (69)Br, which depends exponentially on the proton separation energy. We find a proton separation energy for (69)Br of Sp((69)Br )= -785(-40)(+34) keV; this is less bound compared to previous predictions which have relied on uncertain theoretical calculations. The influence of the extracted proton separation energy on the rp process occurring in type I x-ray bursts is examined within the context of a one-zone burst model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Rogers
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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16
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Lee J, Tsang MB, Bazin D, Coupland D, Henzl V, Henzlova D, Kilburn M, Lynch WG, Rogers AM, Sanetullaev A, Signoracci A, Sun ZY, Youngs M, Chae KY, Charity RJ, Cheung HK, Famiano M, Hudan S, O'Malley P, Peters WA, Schmitt K, Shapira D, Sobotka LG. Neutron-proton asymmetry dependence of spectroscopic factors in ar isotopes. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:112701. [PMID: 20366470 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic factors have been extracted for proton-rich 34Ar and neutron-rich 46Ar using the (p, d) neutron transfer reaction. The experimental results show little reduction of the ground state neutron spectroscopic factor of the proton-rich nucleus 34Ar compared to that of 46Ar. The results suggest that correlations, which generally reduce such spectroscopic factors, do not depend strongly on the neutron-proton asymmetry of the nucleus in this isotopic region as was reported in knockout reactions. The present results are consistent with results from systematic studies of transfer reactions but inconsistent with the trends observed in knockout reaction measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lee
- NSCL and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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17
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Bazin D, Charity RJ, de Souza RT, Famiano MA, Gade A, Henzl V, Henzlova D, Hudan S, Lee J, Lukyanov S, Lynch WG, McDaniel S, Mocko M, Obertelli A, Rogers AM, Sobotka LG, Terry JR, Tostevin JA, Tsang MB, Wallace MS. Mechanisms in knockout reactions. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:232501. [PMID: 19658928 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.232501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the first detailed study of the relative importance of the stripping and diffraction mechanisms involved in nucleon knockout reactions, by the use of a coincidence measurement of the residue and fast proton following one-proton knockout reactions. The measurements used the S800 spectrograph in combination with the HiRA detector array at the NSCL. Results for the reactions 9Be(9C,8B+X)Y and 9Be(8B,7Be+X)Y are presented and compared with theoretical predictions for the two reaction mechanisms calculated using the eikonal model. The data show a clear distinction between the stripping and diffraction mechanisms and the measured relative proportions are very well reproduced by the reaction theory. This agreement adds support to the results of knockout reaction analyses and their applications to the spectroscopy of rare isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bazin
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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18
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McIntosh AB, Hudan S, Metelko CJ, de Souza RT, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG, Lynch WG, Tsang MB. Tidal effects and the proximity decay of nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:132701. [PMID: 17930582 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.132701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We examine the decay of the 3.03 MeV state of (8)Be evaporated from an excited projectilelike fragment following a peripheral heavy-ion collision. The relative energy of the daughter alpha particles exhibits a dependence on the decay angle of the (8)Be(*), indicative of a tidal effect. A comparison of the measured tidal effect with a model suggests a measurable nuclear proximity interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B McIntosh
- Department of Chemistry and Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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19
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Abstract
A dispersive-optical-model analysis of p+40Ca and p+48Ca interactions has been carried out. The real and imaginary potentials have been constrained from fits to elastic-scattering data, reaction cross sections, and level properties of valence hole states deduced from (e, e' p) data. The surface imaginary potential was found to be larger overall and the gap in this potential on either side of the Fermi energy was found to be smaller for the neutron-rich p+48Ca system. These results imply that protons with energies near the Fermi surface experience larger correlations with increasing asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Charity
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
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20
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Abstract
Positronium in the triplet state decays by the emission of three photons and it has been proposed that their simultaneous detection can be used for medical imaging. The three-photon yield has been observed to be enhanced in low O(2) levels in some fluids but has never been measured in biologically relevant liquids. In this study, the delayed three-photon decay yield, at both high and low O(2) levels, has been extracted by fitting the time dependence of the two-photon yield to a set of coupled differential equations. The differential equations, in a simple yet seemingly satisfactory fashion, account for the e(+) capture to form positronium, its decay and the interconversion of the two spin configurations. Our results indicate that the delayed three-photon fraction is 0.25% in water (or blood-like) samples and exhibits no (or exceedingly small) dependence on the dissolved oxygen content. If one assumes that the direct component contributes a fraction expected by annihilation on free electrons (1/372), then the total three-photon fraction is 0.52% in the samples of biological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mercurio
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
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21
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Famiano MA, Liu T, Lynch WG, Mocko M, Rogers AM, Tsang MB, Wallace MS, Charity RJ, Komarov S, Sarantites DG, Sobotka LG, Verde G. Neutron and proton transverse emission ratio measurements and the density dependence of the asymmetry term of the nuclear equation of state. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:052701. [PMID: 17026096 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.052701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent measurements of preequilibrium neutron and proton transverse emission from (112,124)Sn+(112,124)Sn reactions at 50 MeV/A have been completed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. Free nucleon transverse emission ratios are compared to those of A=3 mirror nuclei. Comparisons are made to Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) transport calculations and conclusions concerning the density dependence of the asymmetry term of the nuclear equation of state at subnuclear densities are made. Comparison to BUU model predictions indicate a density dependence of the asymmetry energy that is closer to a form in which the asymmetry energy increases as the square root of the density for the density region studied. A coalescent-invariant analysis is introduced as a means of reducing suggested difficulties with cluster emission in total nucleon emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Famiano
- Physics Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
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22
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Rudolph D, Carlsson BG, Ragnarsson I, Aberg S, Andreoiu C, Bentley MA, Carpenter MP, Charity RJ, Clark RM, Cromaz M, Ekman J, Fahlander C, Fallon P, Ideguchi E, Macchiavelli AO, Mineva MN, Reviol W, Sarantites DG, Seweryniak D, Williams SJ. 58Ni: an unpaired band crossing at new heights of angular momentum for rotating nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:092501. [PMID: 16606258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.092501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High-spin states in 58Ni have been investigated by means of the fusion-evaporation reaction 28Si(32S, 2p)58Ni at 130 MeV beam energy. Discrete-energy levels are observed in 58Ni at record-breaking 42 MeV excitation energy and angular momenta in excess of 30h. The states form regular rotational bands with unprecedented high rotational frequencies. A comparison with configuration dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations reveals an exceptional two-band crossing scenario, the interaction strength of which is strongly shape dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
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23
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Abstract
The caloric curve for mononuclear configurations is studied with a schematic model. We investigate the dependence of the entropy on the density and effective-mass profiles. In finite nuclei, a plateau in the caloric curve is a consequence of decreasing density and the destruction of correlations rather than an indication of phase coexistence. The mononuclear regime is metastable with respect to binary fission at low excitation energy and with respect to multifragmentation at high excitation. The statistical framework presented here is suitable to treat scenarios where experimental conditions are set to favor a population of highly excited mononuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Sobotka
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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24
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Tsang MB, Liu TX, Shi L, Danielewicz P, Gelbke CK, Liu XD, Lynch WG, Tan WP, Verde G, Wagner A, Xu HS, Friedman WA, Beaulieu L, Davin B, de Souza RT, Larochelle Y, Lefort T, Yanez R, Viola VE, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG. Isospin diffusion and the nuclear symmetry energy in heavy ion reactions. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:062701. [PMID: 14995234 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.062701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Using symmetric 112Sn+112Sn, 124Sn+124Sn collisions as references, we probe isospin diffusion in peripheral asymmetric 112Sn+124Sn, 124Sn+112Sn systems at an incident energy of E/A=50 MeV. Isoscaling analyses imply that the quasiprojectile and quasitarget in these collisions do not achieve isospin equilibrium, permitting an assessment of isospin transport rates. We find that comparisons between isospin sensitive experimental and theoretical observables, using suitably chosen scaled ratios, permit investigation of the density dependence of the asymmetry term of the nuclear equation of state.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Tsang
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Physics and Astronomy Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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25
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Rudolph D, Andreoiu C, Fahlander C, Charity RJ, Devlin M, Sarantites DG, Sobotka LG, Balamuth DP, Eberth J, Galindo-Uribarri A, Hausladen PA, Seweryniak D, Steinhardt T. Prompt proton decay scheme of (59)Cu. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:022501. [PMID: 12096989 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.022501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Five prompt proton decay lines have been identified between deformed states in (59)Cu and three spherical states in (58)Ni by means of high-resolution in-beam particle-gamma gamma coincidence spectroscopy. The GAMMASPHERE array coupled to dedicated ancillary detectors including four Delta E-E silicon strip detectors was used to study high-spin states in (59)Cu. The multiple discrete proton lines are found to probe the wave functions of states in the decay-out regime of well- and superdeformed states.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
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26
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Xu HS, Tsang MB, Liu TX, Liu XD, Lynch WG, Tan WP, Verde G, Wagner A, Xi HF, Gelbke CK, Beaulieu L, Davin B, Larochelle Y, Lefort T, Yanez R, Viola VE, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG. Isospin fractionation in nuclear multifragmentation. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:716-719. [PMID: 10991381 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Isotopic distributions for light particles and intermediate mass fragments have been measured for 112Sn+112Sn, 112Sn+124Sn, 124Sn+112Sn, and 124Sn+124Sn collisions at E/A = 50 MeV. Isotope, isotone, and isobar yield ratios are utilized to estimate the isotopic composition of the gas phase at freeze-out. Analyses within the equilibrium limit imply that the gas phase is enriched in neutrons relative to the liquid phase represented by bound nuclei. These observations suggest that neutron diffusion is commensurate with or more rapid than fragment production.
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Affiliation(s)
- HS Xu
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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27
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Kozik T, Abenante V, Charity RJ, Chbihi A, Majka Z, Nicolis NG, Sarantites DG, Sobotka LG, Stracener DW, Baktash C, Halbert ML, Hensley DC, Lukasik J. Collisions between 48Ti + 93Nb at 917 MeV. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 54:3088-3098. [PMID: 9971682 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.54.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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28
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Cornell EW, Hamilton TM, Fox D, Lou Y, Huang MJ, Hsi WC, Schwarz C, Williams C, Bowman DR, Dinius J, Gelbke CK, Handzy DO, Lisa MA, Lynch WG, Peaslee GF, Phair L, Tsang MB, VanBuren G, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG, Friedman WA. Investigating the Evolution of Multifragmenting Systems with Fragment Emission Order. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 77:4508-4511. [PMID: 10062556 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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29
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Huang MJ, Lemmon RC, Daffin F, Lynch WG, Schwarz C, Tsang MB, Williams C, Danielewicz P, Haglin K, Bauer W, Carlin N, Charity RJ, Gelbke CK, Hsi WC, Kunde GJ, Lemaire M, Lisa MA, Lynen U, Peaslee GF, Pochodzalla J, Sann H, Sobotka LG, Souza SR, Trautmann W. Mass Dependence of Directed Collective Flow. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 77:3739-3742. [PMID: 10062296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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30
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Tõke J, Agnihotri DK, Baldwin SP, Djerroud B, Lott B, Quednau BM, Skulski W, Schröder WU, Sobotka LG, Charity RJ, Sarantites DG. Dynamical Fragment Production as a Mode of Energy Dissipation in Heavy-Ion Reactions. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 77:3514-3517. [PMID: 10062239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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31
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Dempsey JF, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG, Kunde GJ, Gaff S, Gelbke CK, Glasmacher T, Huang MJ, Lemmon RC, Lynch WG, Manduci L, Martin L, Tsang MB, Agnihotri DK, Djerroud B, Schröder WU, Skulski W, Tõke J, Friedman WA. Isospin dependence of intermediate mass fragment production in heavy-ion collisions at E/A=55 MeV. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 54:1710-1719. [PMID: 9971518 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.54.1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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32
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Kunde GJ, Gaff SJ, Gelbke CK, Glasmacher T, Huang MJ, Lemmon R, Lynch WG, Manduci L, Martin L, Tsang MB, Friedman WA, Dempsey J, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG, Agnihotri DK, Djerroud B, Schröder WU, Skulski W, Tõke J, Wyrozebski K. Multifragment Production in Reactions of 112Sn+112Sn and 124Sn+124Sn at E/A=40 MeV. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 77:2897-2900. [PMID: 10062080 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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33
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Skulski W, Djerroud B, Agnihotri DK, Baldwin SP, Tõke J, Zhao X, Schröder WU, Sobotka LG, Charity RJ, Dempsey J, Sarantites DG, Lott B, Loveland W, Aleklett K. Origin of slow, heavy residues observed in dissipative 197Au+86Kr collisions at E/A=35 MeV. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 53:R2594-R2597. [PMID: 9971314 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.r2594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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34
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Hamilton TM, Cornell E, Fox D, Lou Y, Huang MJ, Hsi WC, Schwarz C, Williams C, Bowman DR, Dinius J, Gelbke CK, Glasmacher T, Handzy DO, Lisa MA, Lynch WG, Peaslee GF, Phair L, Tsang MB, VanBuren G, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG, Sonzogni AA, Prindle D. Changing source characteristics during multifragment decay. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 53:2273-2286. [PMID: 9971206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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35
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Tsang MB, Danielewicz P, Hsi WC, Huang M, Lynch WG, Bowman DR, Gelbke CK, Lisa MA, Peaslee GF, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG, Begemann-Blaich ML, Cosmo F, Ferrero A, Hubele J, Imme G, Iori I, Kempter J, Kreutz P, Kunde GJ, Kunze WD, Lindenstruth V, Lynen U, Mang M, Moroni A, Müller WF, Neumann M, Ocker B, Ogilvie CA, Pochodzalla J, Raciti G, Rosenberger F, Rubehn T, Sann H, Scardaoni R, Schüttauf A, Schwarz C, Seidel W, Serfling V, Trautmann W, Tucholski A, Wörner A, Zwieglinski B. Squeeze-out of nuclear matter in Au+Au collisions. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 53:1959-1962. [PMID: 9971154 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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36
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Ramakrishnan E, Baumann T, Azhari A, Kryger RA, Pfaff R, Thoennesen M, Yokoyama S, Beene JR, Halbert ML, Mueller PE, Stracener DW, Varner RL, Charity RJ, Dempsey JF, Sarantites DG, Sobotka LG. Giant dipole resonance built on highly excited states of 120Sn nuclei populated by inelastic alpha scattering. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 76:2025-2028. [PMID: 10060587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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37
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Charity RJ. Why temperature-dependent fission barriers should not be included in statistical model calculations. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 53:512-514. [PMID: 9970964 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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38
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Korolija M, Charity RJ, Nicolis NG, Sarantites DG, Sobotka LG. Dynamics of heavy-ion fusion probed by d/p double ratios from a cross bombardment. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 52:3074-3080. [PMID: 9970855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.52.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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39
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Charity RJ, Sobotka LG, Robertson NJ, Sarantites DG, Dinius J, Gelbke CK, Glasmacher T, Handzy DO, Hsi WC, Huang MJ, Lynch WG, Montoya CP, Peaslee GF, Schwarz C, Tsang MB. Prompt and sequential decay processes in the fragmentation of 40 MeV/nucleon 20Ne projectiles. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 52:3126-3150. [PMID: 9970860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.52.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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40
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Tõke J, Lott B, Baldwin SP, Quednau BM, Schröder WU, Sobotka LG, Barreto J, Charity RJ, Sarantites DG, Stracener DW. Intermediate-mass fragment decay of the neck zone formed in peripheral 209Bi+136Xe collisions at Elab/A=28MeV. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:2920-2923. [PMID: 10059443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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41
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Cornell E, Hamilton TM, Fox D, Lou Y, Huang MJ, Hsi WC, Schwarz C, Williams C, Bowman DR, Dinius J, Gelbke CK, Glasmacher T, Handzy DO, Lisa MA, Lynch WG, Peaslee GF, Phair L, Tsang MB, VanBuren G, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG, Friedman WA. Assessing the Evolutionary Nature of Multifragment Decay. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:1475-1478. [PMID: 10060307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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42
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Barreto JL, Nicolis NG, Sarantites DG, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG, Stracener DW, Hensley DC, Beene JR, Baktash C, Halbert ML, Thoennessen M. Decay of 160Er* in 16O+144Nd and 64Ni+96Zr fusion reactions. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 51:2584-2591. [PMID: 9970341 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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43
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Baldwin SP, Lott B, Szabo BM, Quednau BM, Schröder WU, Tõke J, Sobotka LG, Barreto J, Charity RJ, Gallamore L, Sarantites DG, Stracener DW. Dissipative orbiting in 209Bi+136Xe collisions at Elab/A=28 MeV. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:1299-1302. [PMID: 10058985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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44
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Kryger RA, Azhari A, Hellström M, Kelley JH, Kubo T, Pfaff R, Ramakrishnan E, Sherrill BM, Thoennessen M, Yokoyama S, Charity RJ, Dempsey J, Kirov A, Robertson N, Sarantites DG, Sobotka LG, Winger JA. Two-proton emission from the ground state of 12O. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:860-863. [PMID: 10058867 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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45
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Kunde GJ, Hsi WC, Kunze WD, Schüttauf A, Wörner A, Begemann-Blaich M, Blaich T, Bowman DR, Charity RJ, Cosmo A, Ferrero A, Gelbke CK, Hubele J, Immé G, Iori I, Kreutz P, Lindenstruth V, Lisa MA, Lynch WG, Lynen U, Mang M, Möhlenkamp T, Moroni A, Müller WF, Neumann M, Ocker B, Ogilvie CA, Peaslee GF, Pochodzalla J, Raciti G, Rubehn T, Sann H, Seidel W, Serfling V, Sobotka LG, Stroth J, Stuttge L, Tomasevic S, Trautmann W, Tsang MB, Tucholski A, Verde G, Williams CW, Zude E, Zwieglinski B. Fragment flow and the multifragmentation phase space. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:38-41. [PMID: 10057693 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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46
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Charity RJ. Limitations to presaddle neutron emission from fission-fragment charge distributions. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 51:217-226. [PMID: 9970058 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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47
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Hsi WC, Kunde GJ, Pochodzalla J, Lynch WG, Tsang MB, Begemann-Blaich ML, Bowman DR, Charity RJ, Cosmo F, Ferrero A, Gelbke CK, Glasmacher T, Hofmann T, Imme G, Iori I, Hubele J, Kempter J, Kreutz P, Kunze WD, Lindenstruth V, Lisa MA, Lynen U, Mang M, Moroni A, Müller WF, Neumann M, Ocker B, Ogilvie CA, Peaslee GF, Raciti G, Rosenberger F, Sann H, Scardaoni R, Schüttauf A, Schwarz C, Seidel W, Serfling V, Sobotka LG, Stuttge L, Tomasevic S, Trautmann W, Tucholski A, Williams C, Wörner A, Zwieglinski B. Collective expansion in central Au+Au collisions. Phys Rev Lett 1994; 73:3367-3370. [PMID: 10057363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.3367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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48
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Peaslee GF, Tsang MB, Schwarz C, Huang MJ, Huang WS, Hsi WC, Williams C, Bauer W, Bowman DR, Chartier M, Dinius J, Gelbke CK, Glasmacher T, Handzy DO, Lisa MA, Lynch WG, Mader CM, Phair L, Lemaire MC, Souza SR, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG, Kunde GJ, Lynen U, Pochodzalla J, Sann H, Trautmann W, Fox D, Peilert G, Friedman WA, Carlin N. Energy dependence of multifragmentation in 84Kr+197Au collisions. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 49:R2271-R2275. [PMID: 9969552 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.r2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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49
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Gallamore L, Sarantites DG, Charity RJ, Nicolis NG, Sobotka LG, Beene JR, Halbert ML, Varner RL. Estimation of the time scale of last chance alpha emission using an "atomic clock". Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 49:R584-R586. [PMID: 9969337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.r584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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50
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Barreto JL, Nicolis NG, Sarantites DG, Charity RJ, Sobotka LG, Stracener DW, Hensley DC, Beene JR, Baktash C, Halbert M, Thoennessen M. Search for entrance channel effects in the decay of the 164Yb compound nucleus at E*. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1993; 48:2881-2894. [PMID: 9969165 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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