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Cunningham R, Milner A, Gibb S, Rijnberg V, Disney G, Kavanagh AM. Gendered experiences of unemployment, suicide and self-harm: a population-level record linkage study. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-9. [PMID: 33875022 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unemployment and being not in the labour force (NILF) are risk factors for suicide, but their association with self-harm is unclear, and there is continuing debate about the role of confounding by prior mental health conditions. We examine associations between employment status and self-harm and suicide in a prospective cohort, taking into account prior mental-health-related factors. METHODS We used linked data from the New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure. The outcomes were chosen to be hospital presentation for self-harm and death by suicide. The exposure was employment status, defined as employed, unemployed, or NILF, measured at the 2013 Census. Confounders included demographic factors and mental health history (use of antidepressant medication, use of mental health services, and prior self-harm). Logistic regression was used to model effects. Analyses were stratified by gender. RESULTS For males, unemployment was associated with an increased risk of suicide [odds ratio (OR): 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-1.84] and self-harm (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.45-1.68) after full adjustment for confounders. NILF was associated with an increased risk of self-harm (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.32-1.55), but less of an association was seen with suicide (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.94-1.49). For females, unemployment was associated with an increased risk of suicide (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.93-1.80) and of self-harm (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.43-1.62), and NILF was associated with a similar increase in risk for suicide (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.98-1.75) and self-harm (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.26-1.40). DISCUSSION Exclusion from employment is associated with a considerably heightened risk of suicide and self-harm for both men and women, even among those without prior mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cunningham
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Newtown Wellington, New Zealand
| | - A Milner
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - S Gibb
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Newtown Wellington, New Zealand
| | - V Rijnberg
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Newtown Wellington, New Zealand
| | - G Disney
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - A M Kavanagh
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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Lim HJ, Robson R, Alexander N, Cunningham R, Encisa D, Jhurry R, Owusu D, Remolan A. 100 Frailty Hot Clinics: Rapid Cga and Speciality Diagnostics Reduces Rates of Hospitalisation and Re-Attendance. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab030.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Acute hospitalisation is associated with an increased risk of progressive frailty, morbidity and subsequent institutionalisation. North Middlesex University Hospital is an Acute District General Hospital with over 550 attendances to A&E per day. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is the gold standard approach for a holistic multi-disciplinary assessment (MDT) of frail patients. A rapid access daily hot clinic service for frail patients opened using quality improvement (QI) methodology to deliver rapid CGA focusing on admission avoidance and early supported discharge.
Method
4 PDSA cycles were conducted. A process map identifying key moments in patient care was derived from time studies of the first 10 patients’ journeys. Patients were triaged through the Geriatrician “hotphone” for acute admissions into the Hot Clinic. Dedicated clinic and waiting rooms were placed on the acute frailty unit (Amber) staffed by a dedicated Consultant Geriatrician and Health Care Support Worker working with the Frailty Ward Clerk, Frailty Specialist Nurse, Therapies, specialities in-reach and same-day diagnostics. A shared clerking proforma and subsequent CGA Discharge Summary were completed and emailed to the referrer the same day. Qualitative and Quantitative feedback was gained from referrers, patients and relatives through a structured questionnaire. Metrics were gathered including rate of admissions, re-attendance and use of enhanced community services.
Results
From the first 48 Hot Clinic patients, there was a low 30-day re-attendance rate (17%—for unrelated reasons), low 30-day re-admission rates (4%) and low Did Not Attend rate (6%) for new referrals and high satisfaction scores for recommending the service (9-10/10) from patients, relatives and referrers.
Conclusions
Early rapid MDT can reduce re-attendances and re-admissions to hospital in frail patients. A streamlined patient journey can be delivered by frailty-trained staff and in a suitable environment. QI Methodology enables a structured measurable approach to development of the Acute Frailty Pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lim
- North Middlesex University Hospital
| | - R Robson
- North Middlesex University Hospital
| | | | | | - D Encisa
- North Middlesex University Hospital
| | - R Jhurry
- North Middlesex University Hospital
| | - D Owusu
- North Middlesex University Hospital
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Cunningham R, Hudson C, Chen M, SW F, Corbin E, Radasch R, AR C. Clinical Evaluation and Early Outcome Assessment of the Vetkiss Microlocking Plate System. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Cunningham
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - C Hudson
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - M Chen
- Dallas Veterinary Surgical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Frederick SW
- BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - E Corbin
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - R Radasch
- Dallas Veterinary Surgical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Cross AR
- BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Every-Palmer S, Cunningham R, Jenkins M, Bell E. The Christchurch mosque shooting, the media, and subsequent gun control reform in New Zealand: a descriptive analysis. Psychiatr Psychol Law 2020; 28:274-285. [PMID: 34712096 PMCID: PMC8547820 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2020.1770635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In March 2019, a mass shooting at two Christchurch mosques, livestreamed to Facebook, resulted in the deaths of 51 people. Psychologically, this served as a focusing event with high threat salience, shocking a country unused to gun violence despite its comparatively lax firearm legislation. The unprecedented reluctance by the New Zealand media to feature the shooter as a protagonist or even publish his name, concentrating instead on victims and societal issues, helped promote a sense of collective responsibility for change. This was strongly modeled by political leaders. Within weeks, new gun control laws were introduced with bipartisan support. We present this as a national case study, considering psychological and societal enablers for legislative reform in response to extreme gun violence. The shooting also raised the intractable problem of the internet allowing terrorists to promulgate violent content and extremist ideology with regulation in this area harder to achieve than gun control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Every-Palmer
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - R. Cunningham
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - M. Jenkins
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - E. Bell
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Elisofon SA, Magee JC, Ng VL, Horslen SP, Fioravanti V, Economides J, Erinjeri J, Anand R, Mazariegos GV, Martin A, Mannino D, Flynn L, Mohammad S, Alonso E, Superina R, Brandt K, Riordan M, Lokar J, Ito J, Elisofon S, Zapata L, Jain A, Foristal E, Gupta N, Whitlow C, Naik K, Espinosa H, Miethke A, Hawkins A, Hardy J, Engels E, Schreibeis A, Ovchinsky N, Kogan‐Liberman D, Cunningham R, Malik P, Sundaram S, Feldman A, Garcia B, Yanni G, Kohli R, Emamaullee J, Secules C, Magee J, Lopez J, Bilhartz J, Hollenbeck J, Shaw B, Bartow C, Forest S, Rand E, Byrne A, Linguiti I, Wann L, Seidman C, Mazariegos G, Soltys K, Squires J, Kepler A, Vitola B, Telega G, Lerret S, Desai D, Moghe J, Cutright L, Daniel J, Andrews W, Fioravanti V, Slowik V, Cisneros R, Faseler M, Hufferd M, Kelly B, Sudan D, Mavis A, Moats L, Swan‐Nesbit S, Yazigi N, Buranych A, Hobby A, Rao G, Maccaby B, Gopalareddy V, Boulware M, Ibrahim S, El Youssef M, Furuya K, Schatz A, Weckwerth J, Lovejoy C, Kasi N, Nadig S, Law M, Arnon R, Chu J, Bucuvalas J, Czurda M, Secheli B, Almy C, Haydel B, Lobritto S, Emand J, Biney‐Amissah E, Gamino D, Gomez A, Himes R, Seal J, Stewart S, Bergeron J, Truxillo A, Lebel S, Davidson H, Book L, Ramstack D, Riley A, Jennings C, Horslen S, Hsu E, Wallace K, Turmelle Y, Nadler M, Postma S, Miloh T, Economides J, Timmons K, Ng V, Subramonian A, Dharmaraj B, McDiarmid S, Feist S, Rhee S, Perito E, Gallagher L, Smith K, Ebel N, Zerofsky M, Nogueira J, Greer R, Gilmour S, Robert C, Cars C, Azzam R, Boone P, Garbarino N, Lalonde M, Kerkar N, Dokus K, Helbig K, Grizzanti M, Tomiyama K, Cocking J, Alexopoulos S, Bhave C, Schillo R, Bailey A, Dulek D, Ramsey L, Ekong U, Valentino P, Hettiarachchi D, Tomlin R. Society of pediatric liver transplantation: Current registry status 2011-2018. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13605. [PMID: 31680409 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SPLIT was founded in 1995 in order to collect comprehensive prospective data on pediatric liver transplantation, including waiting list data, transplant, and early and late outcomes. Since 2011, data collection of the current registry has been refined to focus on prospective data and outcomes only after transplant to serve as a foundation for the future development of targeted clinical studies. OBJECTIVE To report the outcomes of the SPLIT registry from 2011 to 2018. METHODS This is a multicenter, cross-sectional analysis characterizing patients transplanted and enrolled in the SPLIT registry between 2011 and 2018. All patients, <18 years of age, received a first liver-only, a combined liver-kidney, or a combined liver-pancreas transplant during this study period. RESULTS A total of 1911 recipients from 39 participating centers in North America were registered. Indications included biliary atresia (38.5%), metabolic disease (19.1%), tumors (11.7%), and fulminant liver failure (11.5%). Greater than 50% of recipients were transplanted as either Status 1A/1B or with a MELD/PELD exception score. Incompatible transplants were performed in 4.1%. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 1-year patient and graft survival were 97.3% and 96.6%. First 30 days of surgical complications included reoperation (31.7%), hepatic artery thrombosis (6.3%), and portal vein thrombosis (3.2%). In the first 90 days, biliary tract complications were reported in 13.6%. Acute cellular rejection during first year was 34.7%. At 1 and 2 years of follow-up, 39.2% and 50.6% had normal liver tests on monotherapy (tacrolimus or sirolimus). Further surgical, survival, allograft function, and complications are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Elisofon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John C Magee
- Division of Surgery, University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vicky L Ng
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon P Horslen
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Vicki Fioravanti
- Section of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | | | | | - George V Mazariegos
- Division of Pediatric Transplant Surgery, Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Olive L, Telford R, Byrne D, Cunningham R, Telford R. Is physical education in Australian primary schools helping or hindering the mental health of young girls? J Sci Med Sport 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cunningham R, Schmitter-Edgecombe M. A-31Naturalistic Assessment of Everyday Functioning in Individuals with Parkinson's disease. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx076.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Loram I, Cunningham R, Zenzeri J, Gollee H. Intermittent control of unstable multivariate systems with uncertain system parameters. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2016:17-20. [PMID: 28268270 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7590629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Multivariable intermittent control (MIC) combines stability with flexibility in the control of unstable systems. Using an underlying continuous-time optimal control design, MIC uses models of the physical system to generate multivariate open-loop control signals between samples of the observed state. Using accurate model values of physical system parameters, stability of the closed loop system is not dependent upon sample interval. Here we consider the sensitivity of MIC to inaccurate model values of system parameters. The high dimensionality of multiple parameters combined with an unstable open loop system ensures the ratio of hyper-volumes containing good to bad parameter combinations resembles a "needle in a haystack". Is this sensitivity a problem or an asset? Prediction error between open loop and observed states provides the basis for triggering a sampling event but is also sensitive to inaccurate model values. Investigation of the mapping between prediction error and model values of physical parameters illustrates the value of prediction error to identify combinations of parameters giving stable closed loop control with low state error, similar to that provided by accurate values. Sensitivity of prediction error to model inaccuracy is potentially an asset facilitating adaptation and supporting the rationale for MIC to combine control with flexibility.
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Wicks L, Telford R, Olive L, Cunningham R, Semple S, Telford R. Eye-hand coordination – An important motor skill in children: Evidence from the LOOK longitudinal study. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Oteng RA, Whiteside LK, Rominski SD, Amuasi JH, Carter PM, Donkor P, Cunningham R. Individual and Medical Characteristics of Adults Presenting to an Urban Emergency Department in Ghana. Ghana Med J 2016; 49:136-41. [PMID: 26693187 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v49i3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to characterize the patients seeking acute care for injury and non-injury complaints in an urban Emergency Department in Ghana in order to 1) inform the curriculum of the newly developed Emergency Medicine resident training program 2) improve treatment processes, and 3) direct future community-wide injury prevention policies. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cross-sectional survey of patients 18 years or older seeking care in an urban Accident and Emergency Center (AEC) was conducted between 7/13/2009 and 7/30/2009. Questionnaires were administered by trained research staff and each survey took 10-15 minutes to complete. Patients were asked questions regarding demographics, overall health and chief complaint. RESULTS 254 patients were included in the sample. Participants' chief complaints were classified as either medical or injury-related. Approximately one third (38%) of patients presented with injuries and 62% presented for medical complaints. The most common injury at presentation was due to a road traffic injury, followed by falls and assault/fight. The most common medical presentation was abdominal pain followed by difficulty breathing and fainting/ blackout. Only 13% arrived to AEC by ambulance and 51% were unable to ambulate at the time of presentation. CONCLUSION Approximately one-third of non-fatal adult visits were for acute injury. Future research should focus on developing surveillance systems for both medical and trauma patients. Physicians that are specifically trained to manage both the acutely injured patient and the medical patient will serve this population well given the variety of patients that seek care at the AEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Oteng
- University of Michigan, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - L K Whiteside
- University of Washington, Division of Emergency Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S D Rominski
- Global REACH, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J H Amuasi
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana ; Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - P M Carter
- University of Michigan, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; University of Michigan, Injury Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P Donkor
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - R Cunningham
- University of Michigan, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; University of Michigan, Injury Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Ameli J, Roszko P, Carter P, Haynes C, Cunningham R, Ranney M. 286 A Systematic Review of Clinician Attitudes, Screening Practices, and Interventions to Reduce Firearm-Related Injury. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abhayaratna W, Telford R, Cunningham R. Influence of adiposity on cardiac structure in healthy children. J Sci Med Sport 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Olive L, Byrne D, Cunningham R, Telford R, Telford R. Depression and body image in children: Is physical activity beneficial and how is this translated into clinical practice? Lifestyle of our kids study. J Sci Med Sport 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Subrize M, Fuller A, Hong B, Cunningham R, Coritsidis G. Portable ultrasonography enhances diagnostic capability in the Peruvian
Andes. Ann Glob Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2014.08.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Davids MR, Marais N, Jacobs J, Cohen E, Krause I, Goldberg E, Garty M, Krause I, Dursun B, Sahan Y, Tanriverdi H, Rota S, Uslu S, Senol H, Minutolo R, Gabbai FB, Agarwal R, Chiodini P, Borrelli S, Stanzione G, Nappi F, Bellizzi V, Conte G, De Nicola L, Van De Walle J, Johnson S, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Ardissino G, Ariceta G, Beauchamp J, Cohen D, Greenbaum LA, Ogawa M, Schaefer F, Licht C, Scalzotto E, Nalesso F, Zaglia T, Corradi V, Neri M, Martino F, Zanella M, Brendolan A, Mongillo M, Ronco C, Chinnappa S, Mooney A, El Nahas AM, Tu YK, Tan LB, Jung JY, Kim AJ, Ro H, Lee C, Chang JH, Lee HH, Chung W, Clarke AL, Young HM, Hull KL, Hudson N, Burton JO, Smith AC, Marx S, Petrilla A, Filipovic I, Lee WC, Meijers B, Poesen R, Storr M, Claes K, Kuypers D, Evenepoel P, Aukland M, Clarke AL, Hull KL, Burton JO, Smith AC, Betriu A, Martinez-Alonso M, Arcidiacono MV, Cannata-Andia J, Pascual J, Valdivielso JM, Fernandez-Giraldez E, Kingswood JC, Zonnenberg B, Sauter M, Zakar G, Biro B, Besenczi B, Varga A, Pekacs P, Pizzini P, Pisano A, Leonardis D, Panuccio V, Cutrupi S, Tripepi G, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C, Arnold J, Baharani J, Rayner H, So BH, Blackwell S, Jardine AG, Macgregor MS, Cunha C, Barreto P, Pereira S, Ventura A, Mota M, Seabra J, Sakaguchi T, Kobayashi S, Yano T, Yoshimoto W, Bancu I, Bonal Bastons J, Cleries Escayola M, Vela Vallespin E, Bustins Poblet M, Magem Luque D, Pastor Fabregas M, Chen JH, Chen SC, Chang JM, Hwang SJ, Chen HC, Ahbap E, Kara E, Basturk T, Sahutoglu T, Koc Y, Sakaci T, Sevinc M, Akgol C, Ozagari AA, Unsal A, Minami S, Hesaka A, Yamaguchi S, Iwahashi E, Sakai S, Fujimoto T, Sasaki K, Fujita Y, Yokoyama K, Marks A, Fluck N, Prescott G, Robertson L, Smith WC, Black C, Ohsawa M, Fujioka T, Omori S, Isurugi T, Tanno K, Onoda T, Omama S, Ishibashi Y, Makita S, Okayama A, Garland JS, Simpson CS, Metangi MF, Parfrey B, Johri AM, Sloan L, McAuley J, Cunningham R, Mullan R, Quinn M, Harron C, Chiu H, Murphy-Burke D, Werb R, Jung B, Chan-Yan C, Duncan J, Forzley B, Lowry R, Hargrove G, Carson R, Levin A, Karim M, Reznik EV, Storozhakov GIV, Rollino C, Troiano M, Bagatella M, Liuzzo C, Quarello F, Roccatello D, Blaslov K, Bulum T, Prka In I, Duvnjak L, Heleniak Z, Ciepli ska M, Szychli ski T, Pryczkowska M, Bartosi ska E, Wiatr H, Kot owska H, Tylicki L, Rutkowski B, Song YR, Kim SGK, Kim HJ, Noh JW, Tong A, Jesudason S, Craig JC, Winkelmayer WC, Hung PH, Huang YT, Hsiao CY, Sung PS, Guo HR, Tsai KJ, Wu CC, Su SL, Kao SY, Lu KC, Lin YF, Lin WH, Lee HM, Cheng MF, Wang WM, Yang LY, Wang MC, Vukovic Lela I, Sekoranja M, Poljicanin T, Karanovic S, Abramovic M, Matijevic V, Stipancic Z, Leko N, Cvitkovic A, Dika Z, Kos J, Laganovic M, Grollman AP, Jelakovic B, Dryl-Rydzynska T, Prystacki T, Malyszko J, Trifiro G, Sultana J, Giorgianni F, Ingrasciotta Y, Muscianisi M, Tari DU, Perrotta M, Buemi M, Canale V, Arcoraci V, Santoro D, Rizzo M, Iheanacho I, Van Nooten FE, Goldsmith D, Grandtnerova B, Berat ova Z, ErvenOva M, cErven J, Markech M, tefanikova A, Engelen W, Elseviers M, Gheuens E, Colson C, Muyshondt I, Daelemans R. CKD GENERAL AND CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Cunningham R, Mustoe E, Spiller L, Lewis S, Benjamin N. Acidified nitrite: a host defence against colonization with C. difficile spores? J Hosp Infect 2014; 86:155-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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McNamee SE, Cunningham R, Elliott CT. Simultaneous immunochemical detection of four banned antibiotic growth promoters in raw and cooked poultry tissue. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1270-8. [PMID: 23789918 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.801087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Spiramycin, tylosin, bacitracin and virginiamycin are among a group of antibiotic growth promoters that have been banned in the European Union since the 1999 Council. This was due to concerns over the development of resistant bacteria emerging between humans and animals with the threat of antibiotics no longer being able to be used effectively to treat human infections. A sensitive and fast immunochemical method is presented for the determination of these four antibiotic growth promoters simultaneously in poultry tissue. The method employs methanol extraction followed by sample clean-up by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with determination by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA). The limit of detection (LOD) was less than 1 ng g(-1) and the detection capability (CCβ) was 3 ng g(-1) or less for all four antibiotic growth promoters. Validation was completed with both raw and cooked chicken, therefore either matrix could be used for the monitoring of these banned drugs. In a feeding trial no residues of either bacitracin or virginiamycin were found in medicated birds even without a withdrawal period. In the case of tylosin and spiramycin much higher residues level were detected immunochemically than was the case by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E McNamee
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
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Daly R, Ducher G, Cunningham R, Hill B, Telford R, Eser P, Naughton G, Javaid A, Seibel M, Telford R. Effects of a specialized school physical education program on bone structure and strength: A 4-year randomised controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zand A, Walter N, Bahu M, Ketterer S, Sanders M, Sikorski Y, Cunningham R, Beholz L. Preparation of hydroxylated polyethylene surfaces. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2012; 19:467-77. [PMID: 18318959 DOI: 10.1163/156856208783719509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zand
- a Kettering University, 1700 West Third Avenue, Flint, MI 48504, USA
| | - N. Walter
- b McLaren Regional Medical Center, 401 South Ballenger Highway, Flint, MI 48532, USA
| | - M. Bahu
- c McLaren Regional Medical Center, 401 South Ballenger Highway, Flint, MI 48532, USA
| | - S. Ketterer
- d Kettering University, 1700 West Third Avenue, Flint, MI 48504, USA
| | - M. Sanders
- e Kettering University, 1700 West Third Avenue, Flint, MI 48504, USA
| | - Y. Sikorski
- f Kettering University, 1700 West Third Avenue, Flint, MI 48504, USA
| | - R. Cunningham
- g Kettering University, 1700 West Third Avenue, Flint, MI 48504, USA
| | - L. Beholz
- h Beholztech, Inc., 132 West First Street, Flint, MI 48502, USA
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Geyer M, Howell-Jones R, Cunningham R, McNulty C. Consensus of microbiology reporting of ear swab results to primary care clinicians in patients with otitis externa. Br J Biomed Sci 2012; 68:174-80. [PMID: 22263430 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2011.11730346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Otitis externa is a ubiquitous inflammatory disease; although it arises most commonly from an infection, there is no consensus in the UK for the reporting of ear swab culture results. This study aims to review current microbiology laboratory reporting of ear swab specimens to primary care and reach an evidence-based consensus for a reporting policy. Fifty consecutive ear swab reports were reviewed from each of 12 laboratories in the South West region to determine and discuss reporting practice. The Health Protection Agency (HPA) GP Microbiology Laboratory Use Group reviewed the underlying evidence and worked towards a consensus of expert microbiology opinion for laboratory reporting of ear swab results using a modified version of the Delphi technique. A total of 487 reports from primary care were reviewed (54% female; 46% male). Cultures most commonly yielded Pseudomonas species (36%), Staphylococcus species (21%), Streptococcus species (15%) and fungi (11%). Five reporting policies were agreed: Policy 1: Common pathogens such as group A beta-haemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus - Always reported by name with antibiotic susceptibilities. Policy 2: Pseudomonas species - Always reported, but antibiotic susceptibilities only reported in severe disease. Policy 3: Aspergillus, Candida, coliforms and Proteus species, as well as non-group A streptococci and anaerobes - Only reported if moderate numbers of colonies and it is the predominant organism present; if appropriate report antibiotic susceptibilities. Policy 4: Coagulase-negative staphylococci, diphtheroids and enterococci - Not reported by name; generic terms used and antibiotic susceptibilities not reported. Policy 5: When antibiotic susceptibilities reported these must include susceptibility to a topical antibiotic. It is suggested that laboratories should consider adopting this evidence-based reporting consensus for ear swab culture results from primary care patients with otitis externa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Geyer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal South Hants Hospital, Brintons Terrace, Southampton
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Olive L, Byrne D, Cunningham R, Telford R. Effect of a specialist PE program on body image among children of the Lifestyle of our Kids (LOOK) study. J Sci Med Sport 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Manning A, Wood J, Cunningham R, McIntyre S, Shorthouse D, Gordon I, Lindenmayer D. Integrating research and restoration: the establishment of a long-term woodland experiment in south-eastern Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.7882/az.2011.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jakubowski R, Isola L, Cunningham R, Kim S. Chemotherapy Dose Adjustment For Obesity In Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.12.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hill S, Sarfati D, Blakely T, Robson B, Purdie G, Chen J, Dennett E, Cormack D, Cunningham R, Dew K, McCreanor T, Kawachi I. Survival disparities in Indigenous and non-Indigenous New Zealanders with colon cancer: the role of patient comorbidity, treatment and health service factors. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010; 64:117-23. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2008.083816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Goldlust E, Walton E, Stanley R, Yard E, Garst B, Comstock RD, Erceg LE, Cunningham R. Injury patterns at US and Canadian overnight summer camps: first year of the Healthy Camp study. Inj Prev 2009; 15:413-7. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2008.020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Murray R, Chandler C, Clarkson Y, Wilson N, Baker M, Cunningham R. Sub-optimal hand sanitiser usage in a hospital entrance during an influenza pandemic, New Zealand, August 2009. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 14. [PMID: 19761739 DOI: 10.2807/ese.14.37.19331-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The hand hygiene behaviours of the public in response to the current H1N1 influenza pandemic 2009 (or other pandemics) have not previously been described. An observational study was undertaken to examine hand hygiene behaviours by people passing a hand sanitiser station in the foyer of a public hospital in New Zealand in August 2009. Of the 2,941 subjects observed, 449 (18.0%, 95% confidence interval: 16.6, 19.6) used the hand sanitiser. This is a far from optimal result in response to the health promotion initiatives in the setting of a pandemic. These findings suggest the need for more effective health promotion of hand hygiene and also provide baseline measurements for future evaluation of hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Murray
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Jeong D, Leo H, Cunningham R, Macy M, Talwar H, Domier R, Clark N. Knowledge of Biphasic Anaphylaxis and Treatment for Anaphylaxis Among EMS Providers in Southeast Michigan. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Telford R, Cunningham R, Telford R. Patterns of physical activity in Australian children from age 8 to 10 years—The LOOK study. J Sci Med Sport 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2008.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cunningham R, Dial S. Is over-use of proton pump inhibitors fuelling the current epidemic of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea? J Hosp Infect 2008; 70:1-6. [PMID: 18602190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many developed countries have seen an increase in cases of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) in recent years. This has occurred despite heightened awareness of the risks of broad-spectrum antibiotics, overall reduction in antibiotic use and increased focus on hospital hygiene. Some of the increase is due to the introduction of new hypervirulent strains, but it predates the description of these. The epidemic coincides with increased use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), much of which is inappropriate according to UK and other national guidelines. Gastric acid is a key host defence against other gastrointestinal infections and epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated a positive association between incident CDAD and PPI use. An association with recurrence of CDAD after initially successful treatment has also been found. Vegetative C. difficile cells are rapidly killed at normal gastric pH, but survive at the pH found in patients taking PPI. It has recently been shown that vegetative organisms survive long enough on moist surfaces for transmission between patients to occur. We conclude that restricting PPI use to patients with an appropriate indication would reduce unnecessary expenditure on these agents, and might be an additional means of controlling the current epidemic of CDAD.
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Booth B, Blow F, Walton M, Chermack S, Barry K, Massey L, Cunningham R. Screening for poor mental health functioning in a US inner-city emergency department. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Barrett G, Silcocks A, Cunningham R, Oliver D, Weston M, Baker J. Comparison of atlas data to determine the conservation status of bird species in New South Wales, with an emphasis on woodland-dependent species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.7882/az.2007.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kane MP, Fessele K, Gordilis-Perez J, Schwartz S, Lisi S, Nishioka J, Vamos D, Tan A, Cunningham R, Goodin S. Medication safety in cancer clinical trials: An analysis of medication error reports at a comprehensive cancer center. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6547 Background: Although medication errors comprise 10–25% of all medical errors, little is known concerning the occurrence or types of medication errors occurring while treating patients on a clinical trial. Therefore, we retrospectively reviewed the medication errors reported in patients enrolled on clinical trials at our center. Methods: As part of a multidisciplinary continuous quality improvement project, from January 2003 through December 2006, we collected voluntary reports of medication errors in adult and pediatric patients on clinical trials involving both oral and intravenous chemotherapy. All reports were classified prospectively regarding clinical trial involvement, severity category (A to I) per the National Coordination Council on Medical Error Reporting and Prevention, type, cause, and where in the medication use process the error occurred. Results: There were 163 reports involving patients treated on clinical trials. The most common errors were those corrected prior to reaching the patient in 68% of events (Category A&B), while 31% reached the patient but did not result in harm (Category C&D), with 1% resulting in temporary patient harm (Category E&F). The most common type of errors were prescribing (66%), improper dose (42%), and omission errors (9%). Not following an institutional procedure or the protocol was the primary cause for these errors (39%), followed by the written order (30%), and poor communication involving both the healthcare team and the patient (26%). The processes where the errors initiated were in prescribing 47%, administration 10%, dispensing 6%, and monitoring 5%. Conclusion: Medication errors do occur in clinical trials, however the majority of these are corrected prior to reaching the patient or do not result in harm. Not following an institutional procedure or the protocol was the most common cause of error. This is most likely due to the protocol procedures differing from existing standards of care. Protocol-specific education through the Centralized Education and Training Service, a shared resource within our cancer center, addresses this issue enhancing the quality and safety of clinical trials through the education and training of healthcare professionals. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Kane
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - K. Fessele
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - S. Schwartz
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - S. Lisi
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - J. Nishioka
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - D. Vamos
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - A. Tan
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - R. Cunningham
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - S. Goodin
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
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Greig J, Edwards C, Wallis M, Jenks P, Cunningham R, Keenan J. Carriage of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients admitted with fractured neck of femur. J Hosp Infect 2007; 66:187-9. [PMID: 17512636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cunningham R, Outman R, Walton M, Booth. Tracking Inner City Substance Users Longitudinally: How Many Phone Calls (Letters, Home Visits) Does it Take? Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cunningham R, Walton M, Zimmerman M, Stanley R, Chermack S, Bingham R, Shope J. SafERTeens: Computerized Screening and Brief Intervention for Teens At-risk for Youth Violence. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cunningham R, Jenks P, Northwood J, Wallis M, Ferguson S, Hunt S. Effect on MRSA transmission of rapid PCR testing of patients admitted to critical care. J Hosp Infect 2006; 65:24-8. [PMID: 17145100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2006.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a significant reduction in the rate of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission on a critical care unit when admission screening by culture was replaced with a same-day polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. This was an observational cohort study, set in a 19-bed mixed medical and surgical adult critical care unit in southwest England. We studied 1305 patients admitted between April 2005 and February 2006. Standard MRSA culture methods were used to screen 612 patients between April 2005 and August 2005, and the IDI MRSA PCR test was used to screen 693 patients between September 2005 and February 2006. Standard infection control precautions were instituted when positive results were obtained by either method. Outcome measures included carriage rate, turnaround time for results and rate of subsequent MRSA transmission on the unit. The overall carriage rate on admission to the unit was 7.0%. Culture results were available in three working days, PCR results within one working day. The mean incidence of MRSA transmission was 13.89/1000 patient days during the culture phase and 4.9/1000 patient days during the PCR phase (relative risk reduction 0.65, 95% CI 0.28-1.07). PCR screening for MRSA on admission to critical care units is feasible in routine clinical practice, provides quicker results than culture-based screening and is associated with a significant reduction in subsequent MRSA transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cunningham
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK.
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Tuskan GA, Difazio S, Jansson S, Bohlmann J, Grigoriev I, Hellsten U, Putnam N, Ralph S, Rombauts S, Salamov A, Schein J, Sterck L, Aerts A, Bhalerao RR, Bhalerao RP, Blaudez D, Boerjan W, Brun A, Brunner A, Busov V, Campbell M, Carlson J, Chalot M, Chapman J, Chen GL, Cooper D, Coutinho PM, Couturier J, Covert S, Cronk Q, Cunningham R, Davis J, Degroeve S, Déjardin A, Depamphilis C, Detter J, Dirks B, Dubchak I, Duplessis S, Ehlting J, Ellis B, Gendler K, Goodstein D, Gribskov M, Grimwood J, Groover A, Gunter L, Hamberger B, Heinze B, Helariutta Y, Henrissat B, Holligan D, Holt R, Huang W, Islam-Faridi N, Jones S, Jones-Rhoades M, Jorgensen R, Joshi C, Kangasjärvi J, Karlsson J, Kelleher C, Kirkpatrick R, Kirst M, Kohler A, Kalluri U, Larimer F, Leebens-Mack J, Leplé JC, Locascio P, Lou Y, Lucas S, Martin F, Montanini B, Napoli C, Nelson DR, Nelson C, Nieminen K, Nilsson O, Pereda V, Peter G, Philippe R, Pilate G, Poliakov A, Razumovskaya J, Richardson P, Rinaldi C, Ritland K, Rouzé P, Ryaboy D, Schmutz J, Schrader J, Segerman B, Shin H, Siddiqui A, Sterky F, Terry A, Tsai CJ, Uberbacher E, Unneberg P, Vahala J, Wall K, Wessler S, Yang G, Yin T, Douglas C, Marra M, Sandberg G, Van de Peer Y, Rokhsar D. The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray). Science 2006; 313:1596-604. [PMID: 16973872 DOI: 10.1126/science.1128691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2567] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report the draft genome of the black cottonwood tree, Populus trichocarpa. Integration of shotgun sequence assembly with genetic mapping enabled chromosome-scale reconstruction of the genome. More than 45,000 putative protein-coding genes were identified. Analysis of the assembled genome revealed a whole-genome duplication event; about 8000 pairs of duplicated genes from that event survived in the Populus genome. A second, older duplication event is indistinguishably coincident with the divergence of the Populus and Arabidopsis lineages. Nucleotide substitution, tandem gene duplication, and gross chromosomal rearrangement appear to proceed substantially more slowly in Populus than in Arabidopsis. Populus has more protein-coding genes than Arabidopsis, ranging on average from 1.4 to 1.6 putative Populus homologs for each Arabidopsis gene. However, the relative frequency of protein domains in the two genomes is similar. Overrepresented exceptions in Populus include genes associated with lignocellulosic wall biosynthesis, meristem development, disease resistance, and metabolite transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Tuskan
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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Peakall R, Ebert D, Cunningham R, Lindenmayer D. Mark-recapture by genetic tagging reveals restricted movements by bush rats (Rattus fuscipes) in a fragmented landscape. J Zool (1987) 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2005.00011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cunningham R, Jenks P, Ferguson S, Northwood J, Wallis M, Hunt S. FP1.01 MRSA PCR Testing of Patients Admitted to Critical Care. J Hosp Infect 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(06)60001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Greig J, Edwards C, Wallis M, Cox J, Cunningham R, Keenan J. P4.28 Prevalence of MRSA Colonization in Individuals Admitted with Suspected Fractured Neck of Femur. J Hosp Infect 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(06)60089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dowling J, Curran E, Cunningham R, Cahill V. Using Feedback in Collaborative Reinforcement Learning to Adaptively Optimize MANET Routing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1109/tsmca.2005.846390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cunningham R, Mastin T. Notes - Rates of Diisocyanate-Alcohol Reactions at Elevated Temperatures. Effect of Tri-n-butyl Amine Catalysis. J Org Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jo01092a617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Clostridium difficile is the main infectious cause of colitis in hospital inpatients. The incidence is increasing, and it is associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and increased length of stay. The main risk factor is use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and antibiotic restriction is the most effective control measure. We carried out a retrospective case-control study to investigate whether use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) was an additional risk factor. PPI use within the preceding eight weeks was associated with an increased risk of C. difficile diarrhoea (odds ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.2). Reduction of unnecessary PPI use may be an additional strategy to reduce the incidence of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cunningham
- Plymouth Public Health Laboratory, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK.
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Riordan T, Cartwright K, Logan M, Cunningham R, Patrick S, Coleman T. How do microbiology consultants undertake their jobs? A survey of consultant time and tasks in South West England. J Clin Pathol 2002; 55:735-40. [PMID: 12354797 PMCID: PMC1769771 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.55.10.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To measure the total consultant medical microbiologist (CMM) weekly workload, to identify time spent on different activities, and to differentiate those tasks that were viewed by a consensus of consultants as core activities from those that could be accorded a lower priority. METHODS A self administered questionnaire completed by consultant medical microbiologists in the Public Health Laboratory Service South West Group. RESULTS Reported hours worked by respondents ranged from 41 to 65 hours each week, excluding on call activities. Eleven of 20 respondents reported working in excess of 48 hours each week. There was no correlation between hours worked and laboratory workload as measured by numbers of specimens. Clinical liaison, result authorisation, infection control, and management activities took up most time. Working practices varied widely between individuals, partly reflecting their differing roles in the laboratory. A consensus was reached regarding the relative importance and priority of many regular CMM activities. CONCLUSIONS Consultant microbiologists can identify, with consensus, both high and lower priority activities in their daily practice. If such clinical priorities can be more widely agreed across the profession, this would provide a rational approach to workload control.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Riordan
- Public Health Laboratory, Church Lane, Heavitree, Exeter EX2 5AD, UK.
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Drachenberg RC, Drachenberg CB, Papadimitriou JC, Ramos E, Fink JC, Wali R, Weir MR, Cangro CB, Klassen DK, Khaled A, Cunningham R, Bartlett ST. Morphological spectrum of polyoma virus disease in renal allografts: diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology. Am J Transplant 2002. [PMID: 12099383 DOI: 10.1046/j.1600-6135.2001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The morphological features of polyoma virus disease (PVDz) in 571 concurrent urine and biopsy samples from 413 patients are described. In 54 patients PV was found in both biopsy and urine samples. Histologically, PV presented as: (a) mild, viral cytopathic/cytolytic changes, with absent or minimal inflammation involving isolated tubules; (b) moderate and severe, cytopathic/cytolytic changes associated with patchy or diffuse tubulo-interstitial inflammation and atrophy; (c) advanced, graft sclerosis with rare or absent viral cytopathic changes, indistinguishable from chronic allograft nephropathy. Histological progression from mild to moderate or severe disease was seen in 28 patients. The mean post-transplantation time at diagnosis was similar in patients with mild or moderate-severe renal involvement (1.05 and 1.3 years, respectively). All patients presented with similarly increased values of serum creatinine (mean 1.35 mg/dL). There was strong correlation between the number of PV infected cells in urine and the concurrent biopsies (p = 0.0001). In 13 patients PV was found only in urine; of these, two developed PVDz later. The positive predictive value of a positive urine was 90%, the negative predictive value of a negative urine was 99% and the accuracy of the test was 97%. We conclude that urine cytology is useful to evaluate renal transplant patients with PV reactivation because sloughed tubular cells are found in urine and positive urine samples are a consistent manifestation of PV renal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Drachenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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50
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Drachenberg RC, Drachenberg CB, Papadimitriou JC, Ramos E, Fink JC, Wali R, Weir MR, Cangro CB, Klassen DK, Khaled A, Cunningham R, Bartlett ST. Morphological spectrum of polyoma virus disease in renal allografts: diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology. Am J Transplant 2002. [PMID: 12099383 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2001.10414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The morphological features of polyoma virus disease (PVDz) in 571 concurrent urine and biopsy samples from 413 patients are described. In 54 patients PV was found in both biopsy and urine samples. Histologically, PV presented as: (a) mild, viral cytopathic/cytolytic changes, with absent or minimal inflammation involving isolated tubules; (b) moderate and severe, cytopathic/cytolytic changes associated with patchy or diffuse tubulo-interstitial inflammation and atrophy; (c) advanced, graft sclerosis with rare or absent viral cytopathic changes, indistinguishable from chronic allograft nephropathy. Histological progression from mild to moderate or severe disease was seen in 28 patients. The mean post-transplantation time at diagnosis was similar in patients with mild or moderate-severe renal involvement (1.05 and 1.3 years, respectively). All patients presented with similarly increased values of serum creatinine (mean 1.35 mg/dL). There was strong correlation between the number of PV infected cells in urine and the concurrent biopsies (p = 0.0001). In 13 patients PV was found only in urine; of these, two developed PVDz later. The positive predictive value of a positive urine was 90%, the negative predictive value of a negative urine was 99% and the accuracy of the test was 97%. We conclude that urine cytology is useful to evaluate renal transplant patients with PV reactivation because sloughed tubular cells are found in urine and positive urine samples are a consistent manifestation of PV renal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Drachenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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