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Shivakumar SVBY, Padmapriyadarsini C, Chavan A, Paradkar M, Shrinivasa BM, Gupte A, Dhanasekaran K, Thomas B, Suryavanshi N, Dolla CK, Selvaraju S, Kinikar A, Gaikwad S, Kohli R, Sivaramakrishnan GN, Pradhan N, Hanna LE, Kulkarni V, DeLuca A, Cox SR, Murali L, Thiruvengadam K, Raskar S, Ramachandran G, Golub JE, Gupte N, Mave V, Swaminathan S, Gupta A, Bollinger RC. Concomitant pulmonary disease is common among patients with extrapulmonary TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:341-347. [PMID: 35351239 PMCID: PMC8982647 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND : Microbiologic screening of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) patients could inform recommendations for aerosol precautions and close contact prophylaxis. However, this is currently not routinely recommended in India. Therefore, we estimated the proportion of Indian patients with EPTB with microbiologic evidence of pulmonary TB (PTB). METHODS : We characterized baseline clinical, radiological and sputum microbiologic data of 885 adult and pediatric TB patients in Chennai and Pune, India, between March 2014 and November 2018. RESULTS : Of 277 patients with EPTB, enhanced screening led to the identification of 124 (45%) with concomitant PTB, including 53 (19%) who reported a cough >2 weeks; 158 (63%) had an abnormal CXR and 51 (19%) had a positive sputum for TB. Of 70 participants with a normal CXR and without any cough, 14 (20%) had a positive sputum for TB. Overall, the incremental yield of enhanced screening of patients with EPTB to identify concomitant PTB disease was 14% (95% CI 12–16). CONCLUSIONS : A high proportion of patients classified as EPTB in India have concomitant PTB. Our results support the need for improved symptom and CXR screening, and recommends routine sputum TB microbiology screening of all Indian patients with EPTB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Padmapriyadarsini
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - A Chavan
- Johns Hopkins India, Pune, India, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - M Paradkar
- Johns Hopkins India, Pune, India, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - B M Shrinivasa
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - A Gupte
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Dhanasekaran
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - B Thomas
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - N Suryavanshi
- Johns Hopkins India, Pune, India, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C K Dolla
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S Selvaraju
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - A Kinikar
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India
| | - S Gaikwad
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India
| | - R Kohli
- Johns Hopkins India, Pune, India, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - G N Sivaramakrishnan
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - N Pradhan
- Johns Hopkins India, Pune, India, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - L E Hanna
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - V Kulkarni
- Johns Hopkins India, Pune, India, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - A DeLuca
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S R Cox
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Murali
- District Tuberculosis Office, Thiruvallur, India
| | - K Thiruvengadam
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S Raskar
- Johns Hopkins India, Pune, India, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - G Ramachandran
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - J E Golub
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Gupte
- Johns Hopkins India, Pune, India, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - V Mave
- Johns Hopkins India, Pune, India, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune, India, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - A Gupta
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R C Bollinger
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Krishnan A, Kohli R, Degulmadi D, Mayi S, Ranjan R, Dave B. Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Review of 15 Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy (PTELD) Under Local Anaesthesia. Malays Orthop J 2020; 14:101-110. [PMID: 32983384 PMCID: PMC7513651 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2007.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To analyse the results of Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) operated by Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy (PTELD). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study is a retrospective series of 15 patients operated by PTELD. Bladder dysfunction was classified as incomplete CES (CESI) and complete CES retention (CESR). Bladder / motor recovery rate and its timing, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analogue Score (VAS), patient satisfaction index, and sexual dysfunction were used to measure the outcome objectively. Additionally, in CESR patients, post-void residual (PVR) urine was measured by sonography. Complications and technical problems were noted. RESULTS There were ten patients of CESI and five patients of CESR. The average follow-up was 20.33(12.05) months. Bladder symptoms recovery was 100%, and motor recovery was 80%. VAS for back pain recovered to 0.53(0.52) from 8(2.39). VAS for leg pain recovered to 0.13(0.35) from 9.20(1.32). ODI improved to 6.07(2.85) from 77.52(13.20). The time to the recovery of bladder function was 1.47(1.55) days. All CESR patient's abnormal PVR urine was normalised at five weeks post-operative. No complications were reported. However, five technical executional problems occurred. CONCLUSION PTELD can be considered for CES treatment due to its substantial and quick recovery advantages. However, more evidence support is needed to make it a practice recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krishnan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
| | - R Kohli
- Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
| | - D Degulmadi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
| | - S Mayi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
| | - R Ranjan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
| | - B Dave
- Department of Spine Surgery, Stavya Spine Hospital and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, India
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Gupte AN, Selvaraju S, Paradkar M, Danasekaran K, Shivakumar SVBY, Thiruvengadam K, Dolla C, Shivaramakrishnan G, Pradhan N, Kohli R, John S, Raskar S, Jain D, Momin A, Subramanian B, Gaikwad A, Lokhande R, Suryavanshi N, Gupte N, Salvi S, Murali L, Checkley W, Golub JE, Bollinger R, Chandrasekaran P, Mave V, Gupta A. Respiratory health status is associated with treatment outcomes in pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 23:450-457. [PMID: 31064624 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
<sec id="st1"> <title>BACKGROUND</title> The association between respiratory impairment and tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes is not clear. </sec> <sec id="st2"> <title>METHODS</title> We prospectively evaluated respiratory health status, measured using the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), in a cohort of new adult pulmonary TB cases during and up to 18 months following treatment in India. Associations between total SGRQ scores and poor treatment outcomes of failure, recurrence and all-cause death were measured using multivariable Poisson regression. </sec> <sec id="st3"> <title>RESULTS</title> We enrolled 455 participants contributing 619 person-years at risk; 39 failed treatment, 23 had recurrence and 16 died. The median age was 38 years (interquartile range 26-49); 147 (32%) ever smoked. SGRQ scores at treatment initiation were predictive of death during treatment (14% higher risk per 4-point increase in baseline SGRQ scores, 95%CI 2-28, P = 0.01). Improvement in SGRQ scores during treatment was associated with a lower risk of failure (1% lower risk for every per cent improvement during treatment, 95%CI 1-2, P = 0.05). Clinically relevant worsening in SGRQ scores following successful treatment was associated with a higher risk of recurrence (15% higher risk per 4-point increase scores, 95%CI 4-27, P = 0.004). </sec> <sec id="st4"> <title>CONCLUSION</title> Impaired respiratory health status was associated with poor TB treatment outcomes. The SGRQ may be used to monitor treatment response and predict the risk of death in pulmonary TB. </sec>.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Gupte
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Selvaraju
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
| | - M Paradkar
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune
| | - K Danasekaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
| | | | | | - C Dolla
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
| | | | - N Pradhan
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune
| | - R Kohli
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune
| | - S John
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
| | - S Raskar
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune
| | - D Jain
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune
| | - A Momin
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune
| | - B Subramanian
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
| | - A Gaikwad
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune
| | - R Lokhande
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune
| | - N Suryavanshi
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College-Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site, Pune
| | - N Gupte
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Salvi
- Chest Research Foundation, Pune, India
| | - L Murali
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai
| | - W Checkley
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J E Golub
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R Bollinger
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - V Mave
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Elisofon SA, Magee JC, Ng VL, Horslen SP, Fioravanti V, Economides J, Erinjeri J, Anand R, Mazariegos GV, Martin A, Mannino D, Flynn L, Mohammad S, Alonso E, Superina R, Brandt K, Riordan M, Lokar J, Ito J, Elisofon S, Zapata L, Jain A, Foristal E, Gupta N, Whitlow C, Naik K, Espinosa H, Miethke A, Hawkins A, Hardy J, Engels E, Schreibeis A, Ovchinsky N, Kogan‐Liberman D, Cunningham R, Malik P, Sundaram S, Feldman A, Garcia B, Yanni G, Kohli R, Emamaullee J, Secules C, Magee J, Lopez J, Bilhartz J, Hollenbeck J, Shaw B, Bartow C, Forest S, Rand E, Byrne A, Linguiti I, Wann L, Seidman C, Mazariegos G, Soltys K, Squires J, Kepler A, Vitola B, Telega G, Lerret S, Desai D, Moghe J, Cutright L, Daniel J, Andrews W, Fioravanti V, Slowik V, Cisneros R, Faseler M, Hufferd M, Kelly B, Sudan D, Mavis A, Moats L, Swan‐Nesbit S, Yazigi N, Buranych A, Hobby A, Rao G, Maccaby B, Gopalareddy V, Boulware M, Ibrahim S, El Youssef M, Furuya K, Schatz A, Weckwerth J, Lovejoy C, Kasi N, Nadig S, Law M, Arnon R, Chu J, Bucuvalas J, Czurda M, Secheli B, Almy C, Haydel B, Lobritto S, Emand J, Biney‐Amissah E, Gamino D, Gomez A, Himes R, Seal J, Stewart S, Bergeron J, Truxillo A, Lebel S, Davidson H, Book L, Ramstack D, Riley A, Jennings C, Horslen S, Hsu E, Wallace K, Turmelle Y, Nadler M, Postma S, Miloh T, Economides J, Timmons K, Ng V, Subramonian A, Dharmaraj B, McDiarmid S, Feist S, Rhee S, Perito E, Gallagher L, Smith K, Ebel N, Zerofsky M, Nogueira J, Greer R, Gilmour S, Robert C, Cars C, Azzam R, Boone P, Garbarino N, Lalonde M, Kerkar N, Dokus K, Helbig K, Grizzanti M, Tomiyama K, Cocking J, Alexopoulos S, Bhave C, Schillo R, Bailey A, Dulek D, Ramsey L, Ekong U, Valentino P, Hettiarachchi D, Tomlin R. Society of pediatric liver transplantation: Current registry status 2011-2018. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13605. [PMID: 31680409 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SPLIT was founded in 1995 in order to collect comprehensive prospective data on pediatric liver transplantation, including waiting list data, transplant, and early and late outcomes. Since 2011, data collection of the current registry has been refined to focus on prospective data and outcomes only after transplant to serve as a foundation for the future development of targeted clinical studies. OBJECTIVE To report the outcomes of the SPLIT registry from 2011 to 2018. METHODS This is a multicenter, cross-sectional analysis characterizing patients transplanted and enrolled in the SPLIT registry between 2011 and 2018. All patients, <18 years of age, received a first liver-only, a combined liver-kidney, or a combined liver-pancreas transplant during this study period. RESULTS A total of 1911 recipients from 39 participating centers in North America were registered. Indications included biliary atresia (38.5%), metabolic disease (19.1%), tumors (11.7%), and fulminant liver failure (11.5%). Greater than 50% of recipients were transplanted as either Status 1A/1B or with a MELD/PELD exception score. Incompatible transplants were performed in 4.1%. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 1-year patient and graft survival were 97.3% and 96.6%. First 30 days of surgical complications included reoperation (31.7%), hepatic artery thrombosis (6.3%), and portal vein thrombosis (3.2%). In the first 90 days, biliary tract complications were reported in 13.6%. Acute cellular rejection during first year was 34.7%. At 1 and 2 years of follow-up, 39.2% and 50.6% had normal liver tests on monotherapy (tacrolimus or sirolimus). Further surgical, survival, allograft function, and complications are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Elisofon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John C Magee
- Division of Surgery, University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vicky L Ng
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon P Horslen
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Vicki Fioravanti
- Section of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | | | | | - George V Mazariegos
- Division of Pediatric Transplant Surgery, Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Shivakumar SVBY, Chandrasekaran P, Kumar AMV, Paradkar M, Dhanasekaran K, Suryavarshini N, Thomas B, Kohli R, Thiruvengadam K, Kulkarni V, Hannah LE, Sivaramakrishnan GN, Pradhan N, Dolla C, Gupte A, Ramachandran G, DeLuca A, Meshram S, Bhardawaj R, Bollinger RC, Golub J, Selvaraj K, Gupte N, Swaminathan S, Mave V, Gupta A. Diabetes and pre-diabetes among household contacts of tuberculosis patients in India: is it time to screen them all? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:686-694. [PMID: 29862955 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Pre-diabetes mellitus (pre-DM) and DM increase the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Screening contacts of TB patients for pre-DM/DM and linking them to care may mitigate the risk of developing TB and improve DM management. OBJECTIVE To measure the prevalence of pre-DM/DM and associated factors among the adult household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary TB patients. METHODS Between August 2014 and May 2017, adult HHCs of newly diagnosed adult PTB patients in Pune and Chennai, India, had single blood samples tested for glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at enrolment. DM was defined as previously diagnosed, self-reported DM or HbA1c 6.5%, and pre-DM as HbA1c between 5.7% and 6.4%. Latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) was defined as a positive tuberculin skin test (5 mm induration) or QuantiFERON® Gold In-Tube (0.35 international units/ml). RESULTS Of 652 adult HHCs, 175 (27%) had pre-DM and 64 (10%) had DM. Forty (64%) HHCs were newly diagnosed with DM and 48 (75%) had poor glycaemic control (HbA1c 7.0%). Sixty-eight (22%) pre-DM cases were aged 18-34 years. Age 35 years, body mass index 25 kg/m2, chronic disease and current tobacco smoking were significantly associated with DM among HHCs. CONCLUSIONS Adult HHCs of TB patients in India have a high prevalence of undiagnosed DM, pre-DM and LTBI, putting them at high risk for developing TB. Routine DM screening should be considered among all adult HHCs of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Chandrasekaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - M Paradkar
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research site, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Dhanasekaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Suryavarshini
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research site, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - B Thomas
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Kohli
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research site, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Thiruvengadam
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Kulkarni
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research site, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - L E Hannah
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - N Pradhan
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research site, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - C Dolla
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Gupte
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - G Ramachandran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A DeLuca
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Meshram
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research site, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India
| | - R Bhardawaj
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research site, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India
| | - R C Bollinger
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Golub
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - K Selvaraj
- Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Puducherry
| | - N Gupte
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research site, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Swaminathan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - V Mave
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research site, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Oliveira S, Samba AK, Towbin AJ, Gupta A, Geller JI, Nathan JD, Kohli R. Incidental inflammatory adenoma with β-catenin activation in the setting of paediatric NASH. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:70-73. [PMID: 27780309 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are benign tumours with potential for malignant transformation with no recommendations regarding management in the paediatric population. We report a case of an inflammatory adenoma with β-catenin activated pathway in an obese, paediatric patient with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). CASE REPORT An 11-year-old female presented with a microlobulated liver lesion measuring >5 cm in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with inflammatory adenoma with β-catenin activated pathology arising in a background of NASH, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score 5/8. Imaging follow-up demonstrated stable disease without progression for 3 years. DISCUSSION Malignant transformation of Hepatocellular adenomas in a child is approximately 4.2%. It is unknown if hepatic steatosis increases this risk. Obese patients mainly develop inflammatory and β-catenin activated (highest risk for malignant transformation) adenomas. Our patient had inflammatory and β-catenin activation, which led to monitoring for malignant transformation. CONCLUSION We report a β-catenin activated inflammatory adenoma in a child with obesity and NASH with ongoing expectant management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oliveira
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati, USA
| | - A K Samba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati, USA
| | - A J Towbin
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - J I Geller
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - J D Nathan
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - R Kohli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Kohli
- Österreichische Studiengesellschaft für Atomenergie GmbH Institut für Metallurgie, Lenaugasse 10, A-1082 Vienna, Austria
| | - F. Holub
- Österreichische Studiengesellschaft für Atomenergie GmbH Institut für Metallurgie, Lenaugasse 10, A-1082 Vienna, Austria
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Kohli R, Stahl D, Pasupathi V, Johnson AB, Gilbert ER. The Behavior of Breached Boiling Water Reactor Fuel Rods on Long-Term Exposure to Air and Argon at 598 K. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt85-a33630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Kohli
- Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio 43201-2693
| | - D. Stahl
- Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio 43201-2693
| | - V. Pasupathi
- Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio 43201-2693
| | - A. B. Johnson
- Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - E. R. Gilbert
- Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Washington 99352
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Harrison SA, Marri SR, Chalasani N, Kohli R, Aronstein W, Thompson GA, Irish W, Miles MV, Xanthakos SA, Lawitz E, Noureddin M, Schiano TD, Siddiqui M, Sanyal A, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Traber PG. Randomised clinical study: GR-MD-02, a galectin-3 inhibitor, vs. placebo in patients having non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:1183-1198. [PMID: 27778367 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and resultant liver fibrosis is a major health problem without approved pharmacotherapy. Pre-clinical results of GR-MD-02, a galectin-3 inhibitor, suggested potential efficacy in NASH with advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis and prompted initiation of a clinical development programme in NASH with advanced fibrosis. AIM To evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and exploratory pharmacodynamic markers of GR-MD-02 in subjects having NASH with bridging fibrosis. METHODS The GT-020 study was a first-in-human, sequential dose-ranging, placebo controlled, double-blinded study with the primary objective to assess the safety, tolerability and dose limiting toxicity of GR-MD-02, in subjects with biopsy-proven NASH with advanced fibrosis (Brunt stage 3). The secondary objectives were to characterise first-dose and multiple-dose pharmacokinetic profiles and to evaluate changes in potential serum biomarkers and liver stiffness as assessed by FibroScan. RESULTS GR-MD-02 single and three weekly repeated of 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg revealed no meaningful clinical differences in treatment emergent adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiographic findings or laboratory tests. Pharmokinetic parameters showed a dose-dependent relationship with evidence of drug accumulation following 8 mg/kg (~twofold). CONCLUSIONS GR-MD-02 doses were in the upper range of the targeted therapeutic dose determined from pre-clinical data and were safe and well tolerated with evidence of a pharmacodynamic effect. These results provide support for a Phase 2 development programme in advanced fibrosis due to NASH.
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Laftavi MR, Pankewycz O, Kohli R, Feng L, Said M, Sharma R, Patel S. Short and long-term outcomes of systemic drainage to IVC: a new technique for pancreas transplantation. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:1900-4. [PMID: 25131066 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-eight percent of the whole pancreas does not serve the purpose of pancreatic transplantation and it is a major cause of surgical complications. Up to 30% of pancreas transplant recipients experience surgical complications and require reoperation. Graft thrombosis and pancreatitis are the most common complications of pancreas transplantation (PT). Thus, different surgical techniques have been described to overcome the surgical hurdles and reduce surgical complications. In this study, for the first time, we report short- and long-term outcomes of PT with inferior vena cava (IVC) venous drainage. Forty-five PTs (22 simultaneous pancreas and kidney [SPK] transplantations and 23 pancreas after kidney [PAK] transplantations) were performed with this technique in our center. Sixty-eight percent of the donors were imported from outside of our area after they were declined by their local transplantation center. Patient and graft survival rates were 100% at 1 year. No graft thrombosis or pancreatitis occurred with this technique. Six patients (13.3%) required reoperation (3 bleeding, 2 anastomotic leak, and 1 small bowel perforation). No patient or graft loss occurred due to surgical complications. We conclude that this technique provides fast and easy dissection of the venous drainage of the PT without the need of complete occlusion of venous outflow. Surgical complication rates were lower with this technique compared with other reported techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Laftavi
- Surgery, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States.
| | - O Pankewycz
- Medicine, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - R Kohli
- Medicine, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - L Feng
- Surgery, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - M Said
- Surgery, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - R Sharma
- Surgery, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - S Patel
- Surgery, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
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Laftavi MR, Pankewycz O, Gruessner A, Brian M, Kohli R, Feng L, Said M, Sharma R, Patel S. Long-term outcomes of pancreas after kidney transplantation in small centers: is it justified? Transplant Proc 2014; 46:1920-3. [PMID: 25131071 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the long-term advantages of having a pancreas transplantation (PT) are debated, particularly in patients receiving pancreas after kidney (PAK) allografts. The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) requires that a transplant center perform a minimum number of PT per year to remain an active PT center. The long-term outcomes and challenges of PAK in small pancreas transplant centers are not well studied. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, we report short- and long-term outcomes in a small center performing 2-9 PT annually. RESULTS Forty-eight PT (25 simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation [SPK], 23 PAK) were performed in our center. Donor and recipient demographics were similar in both groups. All suitable local donors were used for SPK. All organs for PAK transplantation were imported from other UNOS regions. Mean follow-up was 61 ± 46 and 74 ± 46 months for SPK and PAK, respectively. Patient and graft survival rates were similar in SPK and PAK groups and better than the reported national average. Four patients (11%) died (1 due to trauma, 1 brain lymphoma, 1 ruptured aneurysm; and 1 unknown cause). Two patients (4%; 1 SPK, 1 PAK) lost their grafts because of thrombosis on postoperative days 3 and 5 in 2002. No graft thrombosis occurred since 2002. Seven patients (15%) required reoperation (4 for bleeding, 2 anastomotic leaks, 1 small bowel perforation). Two patients (4%) developed post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease. Five patients (11%) experienced cytomegalovirus antigenemia which responded well to antiviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS Compared with outcomes for diabetic patients on dialysis, current SPK and PAK short- and long-term results are favorable even in a small PT center. Therefore, unless there is a contraindication, PT should be offered to all type 1 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease at the time of kidney transplantation or afterward.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Laftavi
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
| | - O Pankewycz
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - A Gruessner
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona
| | - Murray Brian
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - R Kohli
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - L Feng
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - M Said
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - S Patel
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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Laftavi MR, Pankewycz O, Patel S, Nader N, Kohli R, Feng L, Said M, Dayton M. African American renal transplant recipients (RTR) require higher tacrolimus doses to achieve target levels compared to white RTR: does clotrimazole help? Transplant Proc 2014; 45:3498-501. [PMID: 24314941 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The number of African Americans (AAs) on the kidney waiting list is increasing in the United States. Several studies showed that AAs are at higher risk for rejection and graft loss. Because of genetic polymorphisms, AAs may metabolize calcineurin inhibitors faster than Caucasian (C) individuals. The goal of this study is to evaluate the tacrolimus (TAC) dose required to reach therapeutic levels and to assess the impact of clotrimazole on TAC metabolism in AAs compared to C patients. One hundred forty-two AA renal transplant recipients (RTRs) were compared to 309 C RTRs. Demographics were similar in both groups. Induction therapy and maintenance immunosuppression were similar in both groups and included TAC, mycophenolate acid (MPA), and steroids. The goal in all RTRs was to maintain a 12-hour trough level of 10 to 15 ng/mL in the first 3 months, 8 to 10 ng/mL for the first year, and 5 to 8 ng/mL thereafter. To achieve these levels, AA RTRs require a significantly higher dosage of TAC compared to C patients (5.9 ± 2.9 vs 3.6 ± 2 mg/d, respectively, P < .0001). By multivariate analysis, TAC dose requirements were not affected by age, gender, MPA or prednisone dose, diabetes, and renal function. Adding clotrimazole (CTM) to the RTR regimen significantly reduced the TAC dose requirements in all RTRs. When CTM was used, the TAC dose requirement was not statistically significantly different between AA and C patients (2.6 ± 1.2 mg/d vs 1.8 ± 1.5 mg/d, P = .07). We conclude that AAs required a higher TAC dose to reach the desired trough level in RTRs compared to C RTRs. The use of CTM eliminates the need for higher doses of TAC in AA RTRs. Thus, CTM may aid AA RTRs in achieving therapeutic TAC levels while reducing drug costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Laftavi
- Department of Surgery, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
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Kramer JA, Grindley J, Crowell AM, Makaron L, Kohli R, Kirby M, Mansfield KG, Wachtman LM. The common marmoset as a model for the study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:404-13. [PMID: 24913270 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814537839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The more clinically concerning form of the disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation, and ballooning degeneration. Here we describe a naturally occurring syndrome in the common marmoset that recapitulates the pathologic findings associated with NAFLD/NASH in humans. Hepatomegaly determined to result from NAFLD was observed in 33 of 183 marmosets. A comprehensive histopathologic assessment performed in 31 marmosets demonstrated that NAFLD was characterized by variably sized, Oil Red O staining cytoplasmic vacuoles and observed primarily in animals with evidence of obesity and insulin resistance. A subset of marmosets (16 of 31) also demonstrated evidence of NASH characterized by multifocal inflammation combined with ballooning hepatocellular degeneration. Marmosets with NASH demonstrated an increase in immunostaining with an antibody targeted against the human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR compared with marmosets without NASH (38.89 cells/10× field vs 12.05 cells/10× field, P = .05). In addition, marmosets with NASH demonstrated increased Ki-67 immunopositive cellular proliferation compared with those without (5.95 cells/10× field vs 1.53 cells/10× field, P = .0002). Finally, animals with NASH demonstrated significantly increased mean circulating serum iron levels (160.47 μg/dl, P = .008) and an increase in numbers of Prussian blue-positive Kupffer cells (9.28 cells/40× field, P = .005) relative to marmosets without NASH (97.75 μg/dl and 1.87 cells/40×, respectively). This study further characterizes the histopathology of NAFLD/NASH and suggests that the marmoset may be a valuable animal model with which to investigate the host and environmental factors contributing to the progression of NAFLD/ NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kramer
- Department of Veterinary Resources, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA, USA
| | - J Grindley
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, N. Grafton, MA, USA
| | - A M Crowell
- University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - L Makaron
- Department of Veterinary Resources, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA, USA
| | - R Kohli
- Division of Gastroentrology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Kirby
- Division of Gastroentrology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K G Mansfield
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L M Wachtman
- Department of Veterinary Resources, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA, USA
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Laftavi M, Patel S, Feng L, Said M, Sharma R, Kohli R, Pankewycz O. Long-Term Outcomes Of Solitary Pancreas Transplant From Long Distance OPOs Compared To Local Simultaneous Pancreas And Kidney Transplant. J Surg Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Foster MT, Softic S, Caldwell J, Kohli R, de Kloet AD, Seeley RJ. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Transplantation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice Attenuates Metabolic Dysregulation While Removal Exacerbates It. Physiol Rep 2013; 1. [PMID: 23914298 PMCID: PMC3728904 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue distribution is an important determinant of obesity-related comorbidities. It is well established that central obesity (visceral adipose tissue accumulation) is a risk factor for many adverse health consequences such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type-2-diabetes. We hypothesize that the metabolic dysregulation that occurs following high fat diet-induced increases in adiposity are due to alterations in visceral adipose tissue function which influence lipid flux to the liver via the portal vein. This metabolic pathology is not exclusively due to increases in visceral adipose tissue mass but also driven by intrinsic characteristics of this particular depot. In Experiment 1, high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese control (abdominal incision, but no fat manipulation) or autologous (excision and subsequent relocation of adipose tissue) subcutaneous tissue transplantation to the visceral cavity. In Experiment 2, mice received control surgery, subcutaneous fat removal, or heterotransplantation (tissue from obese donor) to the visceral cavity. Body composition analysis and glucose tolerance tests were performed 4 weeks postsurgery. Adipose mass and portal adipokines, cytokines, lipids, and insulin were measured from samples collected at 5 weeks postsurgery. Auto- and heterotransplantation in obese mice improved glucose tolerance, decreased systemic insulin concentration, and reduced portal lipids and hepatic triglycerides compared with HFD controls. Heterotransplantation of subcutaneous adipose tissue to the visceral cavity in obese mice restored hepatic insulin sensitivity and reduced insulin and leptin concentrations to chow control levels. Fat removal, however, as an independent procedure exacerbated obesity-induced increases in leptin and insulin concentrations. Overall subcutaneous adipose tissue protects against aspects of metabolic dysregulation in obese mice. Transplantation-induced improvements do not occur via enhanced storage of lipid in adipose tissue, however, altered hepatic lipid regulation may play a contributory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Foster
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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Patel SK, Pankewycz OG, Nader ND, Zachariah M, Kohli R, Laftavi MR. Prognostic utility of hypothermic machine perfusion in deceased donor renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2013; 44:2207-12. [PMID: 22974956 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pulsatile pump perfusion of kidney transplants is known to decrease delayed graft function (DGF) and improve 1 year graft survival when compared to static cold preservation. Kidneys with better flow and resistance parameters on perfusion are likely to have a better post transplant function. These parameters are commonly used to evaluate kidneys being considered for transplantation. This study assesses the time frame for a kidney within which it reaches optimal perfusion parameters. All kidneys pumped between 5/2006 and 9/2009 on a Lifeport© kidney transporter at our local organ procurement agency were studied. 190 kidneys were evaluated and then divided into two groups based on whether terminal flows increased or declined after prolonged perfusion. All kidneys were assessed for changes in flow (F), resistance (R) and temperature at 15 minute intervals. Discards, DGF and one year graft survival were noted. The Student paired t test and Chi-square analysis were used to compare data. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to study independent predictors of DGF on pump perfusion. RESULTS For all kidneys, the mean initial flow was 59 ± 35 mL/min which improved to an average flow of 128 ± 38 mL/min with continued perfusion. The maximal flow and terminal flows were 148 ± 51 and 135 ± 38 mL/min respectively. The flows at 2, 4, and 6 hours was 125 ± 41, 128 ± 42 and 130 ± 39 mL/min respectively. Kidneys that improved on continued perfusion had a significantly lower discard rate (20 vs 34% p < 0.05), but a higher incidence of DGF (64 vs 39%, P < .05). One year graft loss (death censored) was comparable in the two groups. (4/42 vs. 3/33, P = .94). Resistance at 2, 4, and 6 hours was predictive of DGF, as was donor anoxia and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) as the cause of death. CONCLUSIONS Kidneys on pulsatile pump perfusion tend to show improved flows and decreased resistance over time. The average flow for a kidney is reached by 2 hours. Those kidneys that start with lower flow rates that improve after 2 hours with continued perfusion are less likely to be discarded but are still associated with a greater incidence of delayed graft function. Resistance at 2 hours predicts DGF while initial resistance predicts one year graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Patel
- Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14215, USA.
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Patel SK, Pankewycz OG, Weber-Shrikant E, Zachariah M, Kohli R, Nader ND, Laftavi MR. Effect of increased pressure during pulsatile pump perfusion of deceased donor kidneys in transplantation. Transplant Proc 2013; 44:2202-6. [PMID: 22974955 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulsatile pump perfusion of potential kidneys for transplantation is known to decrease the rate of delayed graft function (DGF) and improve their 1-year survival. Flow and resistance parameters are often used to determine the suitability of kidneys for transplantation. Kidneys with low flow rates are often subjected to higher pressures to improve flow. This study evaluated the effect of higher pump pressures on posttransplant renal function. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 73 deceased donor kidneys preserved using pump perfusion (LifePort) at our center between May 2006 and September 2009. We calculated the mean pump pressure (MP) for the duration of perfusion of each kidney, using systolic pressure (SP) and diastolic pressure (DP) readings with the following formula: (MP = DP + 1/3 (SP - DP). The kidneys were divided into a low (LP; n = 49) and a high-pressure group (HP; n = 24) based on a MP cutoff value of 23 mm Hg. The two groups were then compared for differences in perfusion dynamics and primary endpoints including DGF and 1-year graft survival. Statistical analysis was performed using paired Student t test and chi-square analysis. RESULTS The two groups were comparable for donor age, extended criteria, sensitization, and cold ischemic times. They differed significantly in higher initial (0.65 ± 0.4 versus 0.4 ± 0.2, P = .01), average (0.25 ± 0.08 versus 0.18 ± 0.06, P = .0006), and terminal resistance (0.21 ± 0.07 versus 0.17 ± 0.06, P = .008) of HP versus LP kidneys. Flow rates were comparable between the two groups. DGF was higher in HP kidneys (75% versus 40%, P = .006) with similar 1-year graft survival (87.5% versus 89%, P = .7). CONCLUSIONS Perfusate flow through a kidney can be improved by increasing pressure settings to overcome elevated resistance. This maneuver was not associated with a lower rate of DGF after transplantation. One-year graft survival remained unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Patel
- Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, USA.
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Kohli R, Omuse G, Revathi G. Antibacterial susceptibility patterns of blood stream isolates in patients investigated at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 87:74-80. [PMID: 23057259 DOI: 10.4314/eamj.v87i2.60592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial invasion of the blood stream can have serious immediate consequences and are a threat to every organ in the body. Timely detection and treatment is vital and necessitates hospital admission and immediate intervention. OBJECTIVES To investigate aetiology and anti-microbial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates in blood stream infections. DESIGN A retrospective clinical-laboratory study carried over a five year period January 2003 to April 2008. SETTING The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology. SUBJECTS All blood culture specimens received from both in and out-patients' at the Aga Khan University Hospital's laboratory. RESULTS Rates of oxacillin resistance for Staphylococcus aureus were 21%. Streptococci were generally susceptible to beta-lactams. High-level gentamicin resistance was seen in 12% of Enterococci. Vancomycin resistance was conspicuously absent. Resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, imipenem were between 11% and 23%. Salmonella spp. showed multiple resistant patterns to co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol and ampicillin with resistance rates of greater than 35%. One hundred and twenty three patients (11%) tested positive for HIV. Unlike in HIV negative individuals, Cryptococcus neoformans was an important isolate, positive in 5%. A number of HIV positive patients had Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococcus isolates in their blood cultures. In such clinical circumstances it is difficult to determine the clinical significance of these isolates. CONCLUSION Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns revealed high level resistance among the gram positive organisms and also amongst extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing E.coli and Klebsiella spp. This study highlights the challenges of deriving empiric drug regimens in the current clinical scenario. However, we do know it is important to cover adequately for gram positive organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kohli
- Department of Microbiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, P.O. Box 30270-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Kohli R, Bindal N. O371 STUDY OF THE ROLE OF SERUM FERRITIN IN PREDICTION OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)60801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Patel S, Pankewycz O, Weber-Shrikant E, Zachariah M, Kohli R, Nader N, Laftavi M. Graft Arteriosclerosis and Glomerulosclerosis Correlate With Flow and Resistance to Machine Perfusion in Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:2197-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kakar A, Kakar K, Sreenivasan PK, DeVizio W, Kohli R. Comparison of the clinical efficacy of a new dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1000 ppm fluoride to a commercially available sensitive toothpaste containing 2% potassium ion on dentin hypersensitivity: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Dent 2012; 23:40-47. [PMID: 22779216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This clinical study was designed to compare dentin hypersensitivity relief among subjects who brushed their teeth with a new toothpaste containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1000 ppm fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) to subjects who brushed with a commercially available dentifrice containing 2% potassium ion as potassium nitrate over an eight-week period. METHODS Adult male and female subjects from the New Delhi, India area were required to present two teeth that exhibited dentin hypersensitivity, both to tactile stimulation using the Yeaple Probe and to air blast stimulation delivered by a standard dental unit syringe. After an examination of the oral soft and hard tissues, qualifying subjects were randomly assigned one of the study dentifrices and a soft-bristled toothbrush, and were instructed to brush their teeth for one minute, twice daily (morning and evening), using only the toothbrush and dentifrice provided. No other oral hygiene practices were permitted over the course of the study. After two, four, and eight weeks of product use, subjects returned to the dental clinic for follow-up examinations of tactile and air blast sensitivity of the baseline-designated hypersensitive teeth. Examinations of the oral soft and hard tissues were also performed at these follow-up visits. RESULTS Subjects who brushed with the new dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1000 ppm MFP exhibited statistically significant reductions (p < 0.05) in dentin hypersensitivity in response to tactile (36.2%, 33.1%, and 29.7%) and air blast (16.4%, 31.1%, 58.8%) stimuli when compared to the subjects who brushed with the 2% potassium ion as potassium nitrate dentifrice after two, four, and eight weeks, respectively. CONCLUSION The use ofa new dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1000 ppm MFP provides greater efficacy in reducing dentin hypersensitivity when compared to a dentifrice containing 2% potassium ion, as potassium nitrate, after two, four, and eight weeks of product use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kakar
- Global Health Research Group, New Delhi, India
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Kakar A, Kakar K, Sreenivasan PK, DeVizio W, Kohli R. Comparison of the clinical efficacy in reducing dentin hypersensitivity of a new dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1000 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate to a commercially available toothpaste containing 1000 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate: an eight-week clinical trial on adults in New Delhi, India. J Clin Dent 2012; 23:33-39. [PMID: 22779215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This clinical study evaluated relief from dentin hypersensitivity among subjects who brushed their teeth with a new dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1000 ppm fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) to subjects who brushed with a commercially available dentifrice containing 1000 ppm MFP over an eight-week period. METHODS Adult subjects from the New Delhi, India area, with two teeth that exhibited dentin hypersensitivity, both to tactile stimulation using the Yeaple Probe and to stimulation using an air blast delivered by a standard dental unit syringe, were screened for study enrollment. Qualifying subjects were randomly assigned one of the study dentifrices and instructed to brush their teeth for one minute, twice daily (morning and evening) with the provided dentifrice. Follow-up examinations for dentin hypersensitivity were conducted after two, four, and eight weeks of product use. RESULTS Subjects provided with the new dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1000 ppm MFP exhibited statistically significantly (p < 0.05) greater reductions in dentin hypersensitivity in response to tactile (81.9%, 90.5%, and 116.7%) and air blast (39.5%, 56.7%, and 76.7%) stimuli than subjects assigned the 1000 ppm MFP dentifrice after two, four, and eight weeks, respectively. CONCLUSION The use of a new dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1000 ppm MFP provides superior efficacy in reducing dentin hypersensitivity (p < 0.05) than a control dentifrice containing 1000 ppm MFP alone after two, four, and eight weeks of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kakar
- Global Health Research Group, New Delhi, India
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Affiliation(s)
- H.M. Marlow
- a Department of Maternal and Child Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - E.E. Tolley
- b Department of Behavioural and Social Sciences Research , Family Health International , Durham , NC , USA
| | - M.A. Weaver
- c Department of Quantitative Sciences , Family Health International , Durham , NC , USA
| | - R. Kohli
- d Department of Social and Behavioural Science , National AIDS Research Institute , Pune , India
| | - S. Mehendale
- d Department of Social and Behavioural Science , National AIDS Research Institute , Pune , India
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24
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Abstract
Depression and sleep disorders are more frequent in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) than the general population, and are associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression, sleep apnea, insomnia in patients on HD as well as depression in their primary caregiver and to correlate these with the demographic profile. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 69 patients on maintenance HD for more than 3 months. There was high p revalence of depression (47.8%), insomnia (60.9%), increased risk of sleep apnea (24.6%) and depression in caregiver (31.9%). Depression was significantly more in patients with low monthly income (P=0.03), those on dialysis for more than 1 year (P=0.001) and the unemployed (P=0.009). High-risk patients for sleep apnea tended to be males with low monthly income (P=0.02). Insomnia was significantly higher in patients who were on dialysis for more than 1 year (P=0.003).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rai
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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25
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Foster MT, Shi H, Softic S, Kohli R, Seeley RJ, Woods SC. Transplantation of non-visceral fat to the visceral cavity improves glucose tolerance in mice: investigation of hepatic lipids and insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2890-9. [PMID: 21805228 PMCID: PMC5451325 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Intra-abdominal transplantation of non-visceral adipose tissue in rodents, simulating increased abdominal fat in obesity, paradoxically improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. We hypothesised that this improvement is due to transplant-induced enhanced uptake of fatty acids by adipose tissue, thus reducing fatty acid flux into, and triacylglycerol storage in, the liver. METHODS In Experiment 1, mice were sham-operated or received heterologous epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT; EWAT) or visceral WAT (VWAT) transplantation to the portal and splanchnic circulation regions in the visceral cavity. In Experiment 2, inguinal WAT (IWAT) or EWAT was removed and subsequently transplanted to the visceral cavity of the same mouse (autotransplant). IWAT and EWAT autotransplants were repeated in Experiment 3 and compared with heterotransplants. RESULTS Heterotransplantation of VWAT did not alter glucose tolerance, whereas auto- or hetero-transplantation of EWAT or IWAT significantly improved glucose tolerance. Transplantation-induced improvements in glucose tolerance 4 weeks after surgery coincided with decreased liver triacylglycerol, decreased portal plasma lipids and increased hepatic insulin sensitivity. By 8 weeks, these changes were apparent only in mice with autotransplantation. Heterologous EWAT transplantation-induced glucose improvement persisted without altered liver metabolism. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Increases in visceral fat, via transplantation of visceral or non-visceral adipose tissue, is not a major risk factor for glucose intolerance. In fact, there are dynamic metabolic improvements following transplantation that include decreased portal lipids and improved liver metabolism, but these improvements are transient under certain circumstances.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Adipose Tissue, White/transplantation
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epididymis
- Glucose Intolerance/etiology
- Glucose Intolerance/prevention & control
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/pathology
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/transplantation
- Lipid Metabolism
- Lipids/blood
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Obesity, Abdominal/blood
- Obesity, Abdominal/metabolism
- Obesity, Abdominal/pathology
- Obesity, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Peritoneum/surgery
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Transplantation, Autologous
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Foster
- Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, 2170 E. Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA.
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26
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Pankewycz O, Leca N, Kohli R, Weber-Shrikant E, Said M, Alnimri M, Feng L, Patel S, Laftavi MR. Conversion to low-dose tacrolimus or rapamycin 3 months after kidney transplantation: a prospective, protocol biopsy-guided study. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:519-23. [PMID: 21440749 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long-term survival of kidney allografts is primarily limited by a progressive decline in function characterized by the presence of interstitial fibrosis (IF) and tubular atrophy (TA) on biopsy. Since chronic calcineurin-inhibitor (CNI) drug toxicity has been implicated as a significant cause of IF/TA, a major effort in transplantation has been to decrease or eliminate CNI therapy. We now report the clinical and histological consequences of converting renal transplant recipients at 3 months to either very low levels of tacrolimus (TAC; 4-6 ng/mL) or sirolimus (SRL; 6-10 ng/mL) therapy. Fifty-eight enrollees in this prospective randomized trial received low-dose (2.9±0.6 mg/kg) rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction followed by standard doses of TAC (10-15 ng/mL), mycophenolic acid, and low-dose steroids for 3 months. Protocol biopsies were performed at implantation and 3 and 12 months. Six patients had evidence of either borderline changes (n=5) or grade 1A rejection (n=1) on the 3-month protocol biopsy and were not randomized. Only one patient had clinically evident rejection that occurred after randomization to SRL. One patient in each group had borderline changes at 12 months. Renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) was equivalent in both groups at 12 months (TAC 74±15 vs SRL 66±18 mL/min, P=.22). Chronic allograft damage index scores at 1 year were similar in both groups (TAC 2.8±2.4 vs SRL 2.0±2.7, P=.71). The percentage of patients with IF/TA scores greater than 2 at 1 year was low in both groups (TAC 12% vs SRL 9%, P=.78). Therefore, in a low-risk population defined as having a normal 3-month protocol biopsy, TAC levels can be successfully decreased to very low concentrations. One-year graft function and histology were equally well maintained with either low-dose TAC or SRL immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pankewycz
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo General Hospital, Kaleidahealth, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
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27
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Abstract
The earliest documented history of cleft lip is based on a combination of religion, superstition, invention and charlatanism. While Greeks ignored their existence, Spartans and Romans would kill these children as they were considered to harbour evil spirits. When saner senses prevailed Fabricius ab Aquapendente (1537–1619) was the first to suggest the embryological basis of these clefts. The knowledge of cleft lip and the surgical correction received a big boost during the period between the Renaissance and the 19th century with the publication of Pierre Franco's Petit Traité and Traité des Hernies in which he described the condition as “lievré fendu de nativité” (cleft lip present from birth). The first documented Cleft lip surgery is from China in 390 BC in an 18 year old would be soldier, Wey Young-Chi. Albucasis of Arabia and his fellow surgeons used the cautery instead of the scalpel and Yperman in 1854 recommended scarifying the margins with a scalpel before suturing them with a triangular needle dipped in wax. The repair was reinforced by passing a long needle through the two sides of the lip and fixing the shaft of the needle with a figure-of-eight thread over the lip. Germanicus Mirault can be credited to be the originator of the triangular flap which was later modified by C.W. Tennison in 1952 and Peter Randall in 1959. In the late 50s, Ralph Millard gave us his legendary ‘cut as you go’ technique. The protruding premaxilla of a bilateral cleft lip too has seen many changes throughout the ages – from being discarded totally to being pushed back by wedge resection of vomer to finally being left to the orthodontists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhattacharya
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sahara India Medical Institute, Lucknow, India
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28
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Laftavi M, Patel S, Soliman M, Alnimri M, Kohli R, Said M, Pankewycz O. Low-Dose Thymoglobulin Use in Elderly Renal Transplant Recipients Is Safe and Effective Induction Therapy. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:466-8. [PMID: 21440735 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Laftavi M, Hai F, Laftavi H, Feng L, Said M, Patel S, Kohli R, Alnimri M, Dayton M, Pankewycz O. Mycophenolic Acid Dose Reductions Result in Poor Long-Term Renal Allograft Survival: Comparison Between Mycophenolate Sodium and Mycophenolate Mofetil. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:478-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Laftavi M, Alnimri M, Weber-Shrikant E, Kohli R, Said M, Patel S, Pankewycz O. Low-Dose Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin Versus Basiliximab Induction Therapy in Low-Risk Renal Transplant Recipients: 8-Year Follow-Up. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:458-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Alnimri M, Laftavi M, Kohli R, Said M, Feng L, Patel S, Pankewycz O. African-American Women and Older Patients Are at Risk for a Greater Decline in Renal Function Following Living Kidney Donation. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:512-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Laftavi MR, Chaudhry Q, Kohli R, Feng L, Said M, Paolini K, Dayton M, Pankewycz O. The role of ureteral stents for all ureteroneocystostomies in kidney transplants. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2011; 2:66-74. [PMID: 25013597 PMCID: PMC4089254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant advancements in renal transplantation, certain basic surgical practices such as the routine use of ureteral stents (US) remain controversial. A recent met-analysis of ureteral stenting concluded that the routine use of US resulted in improved outcomes. In contrast, the indiscriminate use of US can lead to adverse complications. OBJECTIVE To better define this question, we reviewed our single center experience in which US were placed selectively. METHODS 301 patients were eligible to be enrolled. 55 living donor and 246 deceased-donor charts were analyzed for donor and recipient clinical characteristics, immunosuppressive therapy and outcomes. RESULTS 28 US were placed for either small bladder capacity (n=7), unhealthy appearing bladder tissue (n=8) or for an uncertain vascular supply to the ureter (n=13). Patients with US did not develop urinary leaks, 8 (28%) developed complications including obstruction, encrustation, and urinary tract infections. 12 (4.3%) non-stented patients developed a clinically significant urinary leak. Risk factors for urinary leaks included dual and en-bloc pediatric donor kidney transplants, extended criteria donors and the use of single U stitch technique for ureteral anastomoses. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the majority of patients can be successfully transplanted without the routine use of US. Selective use of US should be reserved for high-risk situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Q. Chaudhry
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation,
| | - R. Kohli
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - L. Feng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation,
| | - M. Said
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation,
| | - K. Paolini
- Division of Transplantation, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M. Dayton
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation,
| | - O. Pankewycz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation,
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33
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Pankewycz O, Kulaylat M, Fagan L, Matthews B, Kohli R, Laftavi M. A Prospective Protocol-Based Trial of Darbepoetin Alfa Therapy to Correct the Early Anemia Following Renal Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:3537-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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34
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Laftavi MR, Patel SK, Feng L, Said M, Laftavi H, Kohli R, Alnimri M, Pankewycz O. LOW DOSE RABBIT ANTI-THYMOCYTE GLOBULIN INDUCTION IN LOW RISK RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: 8 YEARS FOLLOW UP. Transplantation 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201007272-00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Kohli R, Xu W, Brandwein J, Minden MD, Schimmer A, Schuh AC, Lipton JH, Yee K, Messner HA, Gupta V. Long-term outcomes in adult patients below the age of 55 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with chemotherapy or allogeneic BM transplant in first CR. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009; 45:1256-8. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2009.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Bhattacharya S, Khanna V, Kohli R. Cleft lip: The historical perspective. Indian J Plast Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1699370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe earliest documented history of cleft lip is based on a combination of religion, superstition, invention and charlatanism. While Greeks ignored their existence, Spartans and Romans would kill these children as they were considered to harbour evil spirits. When saner senses prevailed Fabricius ab Aquapendente (1537–1619) was the first to suggest the embryological basis of these clefts. The knowledge of cleft lip and the surgical correction received a big boost during the period between the Renaissance and the 19th century with the publication of Pierre Franco's Petit Traité and Traité des Hernies in which he described the condition as “lièvre fendu de nativitè” (cleft lip present from birth). The first documented Cleft lip surgery is from China in 390 BC in an 18 year old would be soldier, Wey Young-Chi. Albucasis of Arabia and his fellow surgeons used the cautery instead of the scalpel and Yperman in 1854 recommended scarifying the margins with a scalpel before suturing them with a triangular needle dipped in wax. The repair was reinforced by passing a long needle through the two sides of the lip and fixing the shaft of the needle with a figure-of-eight thread over the lip. Germanicus Mirault can be credited to be the originator of the triangular flap which was later modified by C.W. Tennison in 1952 and Peter Randall in 1959. In the late 50s, Ralph Millard gave us his legendary ‘cut as you go’ technique. The protruding premaxilla of a bilateral cleft lip too has seen many changes throughout the ages OE from being discarded totally to being pushed back by wedge resection of vomer to finally being left to the orthodontists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bhattacharya
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sahara India Medical Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - V. Khanna
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sahara India Medical Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - R. Kohli
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sahara India Medical Institute, Lucknow, India
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37
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled trial to examine the effects of metformin on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), appendicular fat, lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in HIV-infected persons with central adiposity and mild insulin resistance. METHODS Forty-eight HIV-infected men and women with a self-reported increase in abdominal girth and an abnormal waist-to-hip ratio were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to receive metformin 1500 mg or placebo daily for 24 weeks. Persons with diabetes were excluded. The following measures were obtained at baseline and 24 weeks: single-slice computed tomography (CT) scan, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS The median fasting insulin concentration of all participants was 12.3 microU/mL. The percentage change in VAT was not significantly different between the metformin and placebo groups in univariate analysis and linear regression analysis adjusting for age, height, baseline VAT and insulin area under the curve (10.1% vs 3.2%; P=0.58). Metformin was associated with a significant decrease in appendicular fat mass compared with placebo (-686.0 vs 161.0 g; P=0.03). There was no significant change in lipid profile or insulin sensitivity between the two groups at 24 weeks. CONCLUSION Metformin should be used with caution in the treatment of HIV lipodystrophy, and, if used, should be reserved for persons with adequate peripheral fat and marked insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kohli
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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38
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Jain N, Kohli R, Cook E, Gialanella P, Chang T, Fries BC. Biofilm formation by and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates from urine. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:1697-703. [PMID: 17261524 PMCID: PMC1828833 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02439-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation (BF) in the setting of candiduria has not been well studied. We determined BF and MIC to antifungals in Candida spp. isolates grown from urine samples of patients and performed a retrospective chart review to examine the correlation with risk factors. A total of 67 Candida spp. isolates were grown from urine samples from 55 patients. The species distribution was C. albicans (54%), C. glabrata (36%), and C. tropicalis (10%). BF varied greatly among individual Candida isolates but was stable in sequential isolates during chronic infection. BF also depended on the growth medium and especially in C. albicans was significantly enhanced in artificial urine (AU) compared to RPMI medium. In nine of the C. albicans strains BF was 4- to 10-fold higher in AU, whereas in three of the C. albicans strains and two of the C. glabrata strains higher BF was measured in RPMI medium than in AU. Determination of the MICs showed that planktonic cells of all strains were susceptible to amphotericin B (AMB) and caspofungin (CASPO) and that three of the C. glabrata strains and two of the C. albicans strains were resistant to fluconazole (FLU). In contrast, all biofilm-associated adherent cells were resistant to CASPO and FLU. The biofilms of 14 strains (28%) were sensitive to AMB (MIC(50) of <1 mug/ml). Correlation between degree of BF and MIC of AMB was not seen in RPMI grown biofilms but was present when grown in AU. A retrospective chart review demonstrated no correlation of known risk factors of candiduria with BF in AU or RPMI. We conclude that BF is a stable characteristic of Candida strains that varies greatly among clinical strains and is dependent on the growth medium. Resistance to AMB is associated with higher BF in AU, which may represent the more physiologic medium to test BF. Future studies should address whether in vitro BF can predict treatment failure in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jain
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Ullmann 1223, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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39
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Leca N, Laftavi M, Gundroo A, Kohli R, Min I, Karam J, Sridhar N, Blessios G, Venuto R, Pankewycz O. Early and severe hyperparathyroidism associated with hypercalcemia after renal transplant treated with cinacalcet. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:2391-5. [PMID: 16869807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone disease is a common clinical problem following renal transplantation. In renal transplant recipients, multiple underlying factors determine the extent of bone loss and the subsequent risk of fractures. In addition to the well-recognized risk to bone disease posed by steroids, calcineurin inhibitors and pre-existing bone disease, persistent hyperparathyroidism (HPT) contributes to post-transplant bone loss. HPT is usually treated with vitamin D supplements combined with calcium. Patients whose HPT is associated with hypercalcemia pose a difficult therapeutic dilemma which often requires parathyroidectomy. Cinacalcet, a calcium mimetic agent, offers a unique pharmacologic approach to the treatment of patients with post-transplant hypercalcemia and HPT. In this paper, we describe the clinical course and biochemical changes in 10 renal transplant recipients with hypercalcemia and severe HPT early after renal transplantation treated with cinacalcet. Cinacalcet therapy corrected hypercalcemia and decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in all cases. A transient rise in the level of alkaline phosphatase was noted following initiation of cinacalcet therapy. In this patient population, correction of HPT was not permanent as discontinuing cinacalcet therapy led to a rapid rise in PTH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Leca
- Department of Medicine, SUNY University at Buffalo, NY, USA
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40
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Laftavi M, Stephanic B, Kohli R, Min I, Shridhar N, Van Epps J, O’Keefe J, Dayton M, Pankewycz O. The siginificance of protocol biopsy in the immunominimization protocol. J Surg Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.11.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Singh NP, Gupta S, Chandra J, Anuradha S, Kohli R, Rizvi SNA. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CRPD)--an initial Indian experience. J Indian Med Assoc 2005; 103:22, 24, 26 passim. [PMID: 16008326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a widely accepted mode of renal replacement therapy. CAPD is largely underutilised in India. Twenty patients of chronic renal failure (CRF) were started on CAPD-10 on the standard straight set, 10 on the Y-set. The efficacy of CAPD was evaluated by assessment of laboratory parameters at the onset and after three months of CAPD. Significant improvements in blood, urea, serum creatinine, serum bicarbonate, serum calcium, serum phosphorous, haemoglobin level and blood pressure were observed. There was a significant deterioration in the serum lipid and protein levels on CAPD. Peritonitis was a major complication observed. On the standard set the incidence of peritonitis was one episode per 5.92 patient months compared to one episode per 19.33 patient months with the Y-set (P value = 0.05). Peritonitis occurred more frequently in the summer months. At the end of one year, 70% patients continued on CAPD, with 3 deaths, one each due to malnutrition, myocardial infarction and tunnel infection. Three patients switched over to other replacement therapies. To conclude, CAPD can emerge as a safe, viable mode of renal replacement in developing countries like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Singh
- Department of Medicine, MAMC & Associated LN Hospital, New Dehli 110002
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42
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Kohli R, Gabriel JP, Clarke PGH. Mathematical analysis of competition between sensory ganglion cells for neurotrophic factor in the skin. Math Biosci 2004; 191:207-25. [PMID: 15363654 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2003] [Revised: 05/10/2004] [Accepted: 06/30/2004] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A model is presented of competition between sensory axons for trophic molecules (e.g. a neurotrophin such as NGF), produced in a region of skin small enough to permit their free diffusion throughout it; e.g., a touch dome, or a vibrissal follicle hair sinus. The variables specified are the number of high affinity trophic factor receptors per axon terminal and the concentration of trophic factor in the extracellular space. Previous models of this class predicted the loss of all the axons innervating the region except the one requiring least trophic factor for its maintenance, even with high rates of trophic factor production. In the present model, we have imposed upper limits to axonal growth, thereby introducing new equilibria, and we show by a global analysis using LaSalle's theorem, and also by local analysis, that several axons can then coexist if the rate of production of trophic molecules is sufficiently high.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kohli
- Département de Biologie cellulaire et de Morphologie, Université de Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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44
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Badarinath KVS, Madhavi Latha K, Kiran Chand TR, Gupta PK, Ghosh AB, Jain SL, Gera BS, Singh R, Sarkar AK, Singh N, Parmar RS, Koul S, Kohli R, Nath S, Ojha VK, Singh G. Characterization of aerosols from biomass burning--a case study from Mizoram (Northeast), India. Chemosphere 2004; 54:167-175. [PMID: 14559268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Physical and optical properties of biomass burning aerosols in Northeastern region, India analyzed based on measurements made during February 2002. Large spatial extent of Northeastern Region moist tropical to moist sub-tropical forests in India have high frequency of burning in annual dry seasons. Characterization of resultant trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning is important for the atmospheric radiative process. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) observed to be high during burning period compared to pre- and post-burning days. Peak period of biomass burning is highly correlated with measured AOD and total columnar water vapor. Size distribution of aerosols showed bimodal size distribution during burning day and unimodal size distribution during pre- and post-burning days. Size distribution retrievals from biomass burning aerosols show dominance of accumulation mode particles. Weighted mean radius is high (0.22 microm) during burning period. Columnar content of aerosols observed to be high during burning period in addition to the drastic reduction of visibility. During the burning day Anderson sampler measurements showed dominance of accumulation mode particles. The diurnal averaged values of surface shortwave aerosol radiative forcing af biomass burning aerosols varies from -59 to -87 Wm(-2) on different days. Measured and modeled solar irradiances are also discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V S Badarinath
- National Remote Sensing Agency, Department of Space--Government of India, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 037, India.
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45
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Singh NP, Bansal R, Thakur A, Kohli R, Bansal RC, Agarwal SK. Effect of membrane composition on cytokine production and clinical symptoms during hemodialysis: a crossover study. Ren Fail 2003; 25:419-30. [PMID: 12803505 DOI: 10.1081/jdi-120021154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intradialytic symptoms including hypotension have been reported during dialysis and it has been suggested that these are related to the release of cytokines like IL-1beta and TNFalpha by blood mononuclear cells when they get activated either due to contact with the dialyzer membrane or by compliment activation. OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between hemodialysis symptoms, cytokine production, and dialyzer membrane composition. METHOD In a randomized prospective crossover study, 20 ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis were studied over cuprophan (CU) and polysulfone (PS) low flux dialyzer membranes for three weeks each undergoing a biweekly dialysis schedule of 4 h sessions. Serial IL-1beta and TNFalpha levels were measured over 0, 15, 240 min during the first use of the dialyzer for all patients on both membranes. Intradialytic symptoms were monitored in a total of 240 dialysis sessions. RESULTS IL-1beta levels increased from 16.6 +/- 2.2 to 64.8 +/- 25.1 pg/mL on CU and 21.5 +/- 3.7 to 103.5 +/- 30.7 pg/mL on PS membrane over the 4-h dialysis session. Similarly TNFalpha increased from 42.8 +/- 4.5 to 354.9 +/- 80.4 pg/mL on CU and 117.1+/- 53.7 to 387.0 +/- 78.0 pg/mL on PS membrane. IL-1beta levels increased significantly with PS membrane while TNFalpha rise was significant with both the membranes. Nausea was the most common symptom occurring in 138 dialysis sessions (57.5%). Vomiting, chest pain, fever, chills, and breathlessness occurred significantly more during dialysis with CU membrane as compared with PS membrane (P < 0.01). Nausea, cramps, back pain, itching, restlessness, post dialysis fatigue, and hypotension did not differ between the two membranes. The mean rise in the cytokine levels during the first 15 min of sessions where the symptoms occurred, when compared with the mean rise in sessions where the symptoms did not occur, did not reveal any significant difference. Cytokine release did not correlate with the occurrence of intradialytic symptoms. CONCLUSION Both CU and PS membranes increase circulating cytokine levels. More intradialytic clinical symptoms are seen in dialysis with CU as compared with PS membrane but the rise in cytokines IL-1beta and TNFalpha does not appear to be responsible for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Singh
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, LNJP and GB PANT Hospitals, New Delhi, India.
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Singh NP, Mandal SK, Thakur A, Kapoor D, Anuradha S, Prakash A, Kohli R, Agarwal SK. Efficacy of GM-CSF as an adjuvant to hepatitis B vaccination in patients with chronic renal failure--results of a prospective, randomized trial. Ren Fail 2003; 25:255-66. [PMID: 12739832 DOI: 10.1081/jdi-120018726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis are at an increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection. Hence vaccination against hepatitis B assumes great importance in these patients. However, the response to hepatitis B vaccination is poor, even when 4 double doses (40 microg) of the vaccine are given. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of GM-CSF as an adjuvant to hepatitis B vaccine in CRF patients. METHODS CRF patients including both hemodialysis (HD) and non-dialysis (ND) patients were randomized to receive either placebo or a single injection of GM-CSF (in varying doses of 50 microg, 100 microg, 150 microg) a day prior to the 1st dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (40 microg). Three more doses of the vaccine were given at 1, 2, and 6 months. The anti-HBs antibody titres were measured by ELISA at 3 and 7 months. Patients having antibody titres less than 10 IU/L were considered non-responders. The response rate and mean antibody titers were compared between the control (I) and GM-CSF (II) groups. RESULTS In group I, 31 and 27 patients were available for evaluation at 3 and 7 months respectively. In group II, 33 and 28 patients could be evaluated at the same time points. Within the control group (group I), the response rate in hemodialysis patients (63.6%) was lower as compared to non-dialysis patients (81.2%). The response rate in group II was higher than that in group I at both 3 months as well as 7 months (78.1% vs. 62.3% and 89.3% vs. 74.1%, p = ns). The best response rates in group II were observed when GM-CSF was used in a dose of 150 microg (90.9% at 3 months and 100% at 7 months). The mean antibody titers were also found to be higher in the group II as compared to group I (409.6 vs. 243.9 IU/L, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of this randomized, prospective study suggest that: 1. Patients with chronic renal failure should be vaccinated for hepatitis B as chronic renal insufficiency is established. 2. GM-CSF is an effective adjuvant to hepatitis B vaccine in these patients especially when a priming dose of 150 microg is used prior to 1st dose of hepatitis B vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Singh
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.
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Arora NK, Ganguly S, Agadi SN, Irshad M, Kohli R, Deo M, Paul VK, Deorari AK, Chellani H, Prasad MS, Sharma D. Hepatitis B immunization in low birthweight infants: do they need an additional dose? Acta Paediatr 2003; 91:995-1001. [PMID: 12412879 DOI: 10.1080/080352502760272722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the influence of gestation and weight on the development of protective anti-HB levels and geometric mean titres after three doses of HBV vaccine and to ascertain the need for a fourth dose in low birthweight infants. METHODS Hepatitis B vaccine (Enivac HB, Panacea Biotec Ltd., India) was given to 82 preterm (PT) and 60 term intrauterine growth-retarded (T-IUGR) infants at birth and at 6, 10 and 14wk of life. RESULTS Protective anti-HB levels (>10 mIU/ml) were reached in 86.6% (71/82) of PT infants and 96.7% (58/60) of T-IUGR infants after three doses of HBV vaccine (p = 0.044). The odds of having a protective response after the third dose of HBV vaccine was 1.25 (95% CI 1.02-1.53) with every one-week increase in gestation (p = 0.032). Birthweight was not associated with the development of a protective immune response. After the third dose, only 66.7% (8/12) of the PT infants whose mothers had anti-HB antibodies, developed protective anti-HB levels compared with 90% (63/70) of those with no maternal antibodies (p = 0.028). In PT infants after the fourth dose, there was a significant increase in the proportion of infants with protective antibody levels (8.6%, 95% CI 0.6-16.6%) among those with no maternal antibodies and 12.2% overall (95% CI 6.0-21.3) (p = 0.031 to 0.002) over that reached with the third dose. Administration of the fourth dose to T-IUGR infants did not confer such a benefit. CONCLUSION In HBV-endemic areas, PT infants, irrespective of their birthweights, may benefit from an additional dose of hepatitis B vaccine in a schedule starting at birth. This approach will prevent vertical transmission and bring their immune response up to par with term infants. Term intrauterine growth-retarded infants should be vaccinated as per the schedule recommended for normal term infants. However, studies in other settings with different vaccine formulations and a longer follow-up period will be required before this strategy can be practised more widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Arora
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
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Anuradha S, Bansal R, Gupta A, Singh NP, Kohli R, Agarwal SK. Embolisation of haemodialysis catheter. J Assoc Physicians India 2002; 50:608-9. [PMID: 12164426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Anuradha
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi
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Arora NK, Kohli R, Gupta DK, Bal CS, Gupta AK, Gupta SD. Hepatic technetium-99m-mebrofenin iminodiacetate scans and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels interpreted in series to differentiate between extrahepatic biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis. Acta Paediatr 2001; 90:975-81. [PMID: 11683209 DOI: 10.1080/080352501316978039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatic technetium-99m-mebrofenin iminodiacetate (99mTc-mebrofenin IDA) scans and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) have high sensitivity for extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA). This study was based on the hypothesis that the interpretation of results of 99mTc-mebrofenin IDA scans and serum GGTP levels in series would result in a reduction of the false positivity observed with these tests individually. The aetiology of neonatal cholestasis in 132 study patients was: 25% (33/132) EHBA, 45.5% (60/132) neonatal hepatitis (NH) with an identifiable cause and 19.7% (26/132) idiopathic NH. Of the various clinical, biochemical and imaging parameters that were significantly different between patient groups, sensitivity for EHBA was: serum GGTP > or = 150 IU l(-1) (100%), 99mTc-mebrofenin IDA scans (100%), pale stools (82.8%) and total serum bilirubin > or = 12 mg dl(-1) (66%). However, specificity ranged from 48.5 to 79%. Of the 63 patients who had non-excreting IDA scans, operative cholangiograms could be avoided on the basis of a specific aetiological diagnosis of NH, made concurrently, in only 9 infants. The rest (54) underwent operative cholangiograms; 21 (39%) of these had patent biliary trees and therefore underwent the procedure unnecessarily. If serum GGTP (< 150 IU l(-1)) had been used as a screen after IDA scanning in these 54 patients, operative cholangiograms could have been avoided in another 12 patients and thereafter only 9/42 (21%) of the operative cholangiograms would have been considered unnecessary. CONCLUSION A diagnostic algorithm is proposed wherein serum GGTP level (at a cut-off level that maintains 100% sensitivity for EHBA) is used in series with non-excreting 99mTc-mebrofenin IDA scans (for patients with no specific aetiological label). This strategy reduces the false positivity of individual tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Arora
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
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Kohli R, Bose B, Gupta PK. Induction of phr gene expression in E. coli strain KY706/pPL-1 by He-Ne laser (632.8 nm) irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol B 2001; 60:136-42. [PMID: 11470570 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have observed that He-Ne laser irradiation of E. coli strain KY706/pPL-1 leads to induction of photolyase gene, phr. The magnitude of induction was found to depend on the He-Ne laser fluence, fluence rate and post-irradiation incubation period in the nutrient medium. The optimum values for fluence and fluence rate were 7x10(3) J/m(2) and 100 W/m(2), respectively, and the induction of phr gene was observed to saturate beyond an incubation period of approximately 2 h. Experiments carried out with singlet oxygen quenchers and with D(2)O suggest that the effect is mediated via singlet oxygen. Photoreactivation studies carried out after UVC exposure of both the He-Ne laser-exposed as well as unexposed cells showed a larger surviving fraction in the He-Ne laser pre-irradiated cells. This can be attributed to He-Ne laser irradiation-induced induction of phr expression. However, since even without photoreactivating light He-Ne laser pre-irradiated cells show higher survival against UVC radiation it appears that He-Ne laser irradiation induces both light-dependent as well as dark DNA repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kohli
- Laser Programme, Centre for Advanced Technology, 452013, Indore, India
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