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Gadsby EW, Hotham S, Merritt R. The theoretical and practical difficulties of evaluating a community-based 'whole systems' obesity prevention intervention: a research team's critical reflection. Perspect Public Health 2023; 143:337-346. [PMID: 37688550 PMCID: PMC10683330 DOI: 10.1177/17579139231195700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This article critically discusses the purpose, pragmatics and politics of conducting commissioned evaluations on behalf of public sector organisations by drawing on the experience of evaluating a community-based 'whole systems' obesity prevention intervention for an English local council. METHODS The study presented in this article incorporated two approaches: an evaluability assessment that interrogated the theoretical and practical difficulties of evaluating the intervention in a non-political way, and a retrospective analysis using Soft Systems Methodology that interrogated the more political difficulties of conducting such an evaluation in the 'real world'. The information and insights that enabled these reflections came from over 3 years of working closely with the programme team, attending and participating in stakeholder events and meetings, presenting to the Council's Scrutiny Committee meetings, four interviews with the programme manager, and multiple face-to-face group meetings, email exchanges and telephone conversations. RESULTS The study reveals and analyses three key inter-related challenges that arose during the evaluation of the 'whole systems' obesity prevention intervention: the programme's evaluability, the evaluation purpose, and the nature, role and quality of evidence. CONCLUSIONS The evaluability assessment was important for defining the programme's theoretical and practical evaluability, and the retrospective analysis using Soft Systems Methodology enabled a greater understanding of the political tensions that existed. Key learning points related to the challenges that arose during this evaluation have broad applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- EW Gadsby
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - S Hotham
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - R Merritt
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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Pannu J, Venious G, Gallagher R, Shaver A, Cloyes R, Josan E, Donnelly E, King M, Knopp M, Merritt R, Kneuertz P, D'souza D, Ghattas C, Revelo A, Pastis N, Sowers T, Eastep C, Ottersbach M, Malinky M, Reinbolt R, Wert M, Horowitz J, Carbone D. P1.03-01 Do We Follow Incidental Lung Nodules Appropriately? A Retrospective Study. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Lee J, Chaft J, Nicholas A, Patterson A, Waqar S, Toloza E, Haura E, Raz D, Reckamp K, Merritt R, Owen D, Finley D, Mcnamee C, Blasberg J, Garon E, Mitchell J, Doebele R, Baciewicz F, Nagasaka M, Pass H, Schulze K, Phan S, Johnson A, Bunn P, Johnson B, Kris M, Kwiatkowski D, Wistuba I, Carbone D, Rusch V. PS01.05 Surgical and Clinical Outcomes With Neoadjuvant Atezolizumab in Resectable Stage IB–IIIB NSCLC: LCMC3 Trial Primary Analysis. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Gadsby EW, Hotham S, Eida T, Lawrence C, Merritt R. Impact of a community-based pilot intervention to tackle childhood obesity: a 'whole-system approach' case study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1818. [PMID: 33256660 PMCID: PMC7708136 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Go-Golborne was a three-year pilot programme to test an innovative, community-based ‘whole system’ approach to preventing overweight in children in Golborne ward, London. Whilst there is a growing interest in local whole systems approaches to obesity, understandings of what they look like in practice are newly emerging. Go-Golborne was designed, implemented and evaluated within this context. Methods The evaluation used a case-study design and theory of change approach to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Height/weight measurements of children in the six participating primary schools were recorded annually for 4 years. For behavioural outcomes, children aged six-11 completed four annual on-line surveys (total 4331 responses). Parents were surveyed in year one and year four (177 responses). Three focus group discussions were held with children aged 10–11 (N = 21); interviews were conducted with parents (N = 11), and school representatives (N = 4). Stakeholders were surveyed twice (37 responses), and interviews were conducted with key stakeholders (N = 11). An extensive range of programme documents were reviewed and additional process data was collected from the programme team. The RE-AIM framework was used to synthesise findings and examine public health impact. Results Go-Golborne reached a diverse range of partners across Golborne. Events were attended by over 3360 local children and families and all six primary schools in the ward actively engaged in activities. The proportion of children in the above healthy weight categories remained stable over time. A number of changes in home, school and neighbourhood environments to support healthy behaviour change were evidenced. There was some qualitative evidence of positive changes in children’s behaviours, though significant or sustained changes were not evidenced by the quantitative data. Conclusions Go-Golborne helped stakeholders and parents to develop a shared commitment to improving healthy weight in children, to identify barriers to a healthy lifestyle, and to start to make changes in their services/behaviours. The campaigns and changes made at micro-level appeared to be insufficient, in the face of counteracting forces and personal factors, to achieve significant behaviour change within 3 years. This highlights the need for local initiatives to be reinforced by supporting action at regional, national and global levels. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12889-020-09694-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Gadsby
- Centre for Health Services Studies, George Allen Wing, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NF, UK.
| | - S Hotham
- Centre for Health Services Studies, George Allen Wing, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NF, UK
| | - T Eida
- Centre for Health Services Studies, George Allen Wing, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NF, UK
| | - C Lawrence
- City of Westminster Council, Public Health Directorate, 64 Victoria Street, London, UK
| | - R Merritt
- Centre for Health Services Studies, George Allen Wing, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NF, UK
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Kneuertz P, D'Souza D, Richardson M, Abdel-Rasoul M, Moffatt-Bruce S, Merritt R. P1.16-03 Incidence and Risk Factors of Metachronous Non-Pulmonary Malignancies in Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kneuertz P, Carbone D, Luo L, D'Souza D, Moffatt-Bruce S, Merritt R. P3.16-06 Does Comprehensive Mutation Analysis Add Prognostic Value in Resected Early Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma? J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schrag A, Khan K, Hotham S, Merritt R, Rascol O, Graham L. Experience of care for Parkinson's disease in European countries: a survey by the European Parkinson's Disease Association. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:1410-e120. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Schrag
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Institute of Neurology; University College London; London UK
| | - K. Khan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Institute of Neurology; University College London; London UK
| | - S. Hotham
- Centre for Health Services Studies; University of Kent; Canterbury UK
| | - R. Merritt
- Centre for Health Services Studies; University of Kent; Canterbury UK
- University of Surrey; Guildford UK
| | - O. Rascol
- Départements de Pharmacologie Clinique et de Neurosciences; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse and INSERM; Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC1436; Centre Expert Parkinson, NeuroToul COEN Centre of Excellence in Neurodegeneration; Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
| | - L. Graham
- European Parkinson's Disease Association; Sevenoaks UK
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Schrag A, Modi S, Hotham S, Merritt R, Khan K, Graham L. Patient experiences of receiving a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2018; 265:1151-1157. [PMID: 29546451 PMCID: PMC5937885 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report patients' own experiences of receiving a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to identify factors influencing this experience. METHODS A survey by the European Parkinson's Disease Association in 11 European countries. RESULTS 1775 patients with an average age of 69.7 years participated of whom 54% were male. Those living in rural areas reported having waited longer to seek medical help (p < 0.05). A possible diagnosis of PD was made at the first appointment in a third of respondents. When the diagnosis was made, only 50% reported that the diagnosis was communicated sensitively. 38% of patients reported having been given enough time to ask questions and discuss concerns, but 29% did not. 98% of participants reported having been given information about PD at the time of diagnosis but 36% did not find the information given helpful. Patient satisfaction with the diagnostic consultation was positively associated with more sensitive delivery of diagnosis, the helpfulness and quantity of the information provided and time to ask questions (all p < 0.001). Where diagnosis was given by a specialist, participants reported greater perceived satisfaction with the diagnostic consultation, greater sensitivity of communicating the diagnosis, time to ask questions, provision and helpfulness of information, and earlier medication prescription (all p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS There is a need to improve how the diagnosis of PD is communicated to patients, the opportunity to ask questions soon after diagnosis, and the amount, timing and quality of life information provided, as this is associated with greater satisfaction with the diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schrag
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - S Modi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - S Hotham
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - R Merritt
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - K Khan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - L Graham
- European Parkinson's Disease Association, Brussels, Belgium
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McKevitt M, Bacon J, Merritt R. P201 Integrating patient support groups into respiratory care pathways. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ahuja J, Wasswa-Kintu S, Thomas R, Showell B, Nickle M, Haytowitz D, Roseland J, Williams J, Moshfegh A, Cogswell M, Merritt R, Pehrsson P. Online Resource for Monitoring Sodium Levels of Commercially Processed and Restaurant Foods. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Grant C, Spurrier R, Grikscheit T, Merritt R. Septic Events and Bacterial Virulence are Reduced in Cholestatic Children Receiving Parenteral Fish Oil Compared to Soybean-Based Lipid Emulsion. J Surg Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pearson W, Merritt R. Differences in Blood Pressure Measurement in Ambulatory Care Settings. Ann Epidemiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mahon M, Vickers D, McCarthy K, Barker R, Merritt R, Szagun G, Mann W, Rajput K. Cochlear-implanted children from homes where English is an additional language: findings from a recent audit in one London centre. Cochlear Implants Int 2013; 12:105-13. [DOI: 10.1179/146701010x486552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Gillespie C, Maalouf J, Yuan K, Cogswell ME, Gunn J, Levings J, Moshfegh A, Merritt R. Sodium content in US packaged foods, 2009. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.354.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Maalouf
- Epidemiology & SurveillanceCDCChambleeGA
| | - K. Yuan
- Epidemiology & SurveillanceCDCChambleeGA
| | | | - J. Gunn
- Epidemiology & SurveillanceCDCChambleeGA
| | - J. Levings
- Epidemiology & SurveillanceCDCChambleeGA
| | | | - R. Merritt
- Epidemiology & SurveillanceCDCChambleeGA
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Merritt R, Derr C, Zellavous E, Downes K, Land L, Lasseter M, Denittis D, Paula R. Ultrasound Evaluation of the Effect of Head Rotation on the Relationship of the Internal Jugular Vein and Carotid Artery. J Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Tucci V, Merritt R, Somai K, Cheng P, O'Keefe K, Sanson T. 46: Is There Is a Sex Bias In Descriptions of Applicants In Standard Letters of Recommendation for Emergency Medicine Residencies? Ann Emerg Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ramphao M, Wentzel MC, Merritt R, Ekama GA, Young T, Buckley CA. Impact of membrane solid-liquid separation on design of biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 89:630-46. [PMID: 15696540 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Installing membranes for solid-liquid separation into biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge (AS) systems makes a profound difference not only in the design of the BNR system itself, but also in the design approach for the whole wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In multizone BNR systems with membranes in the aerobic reactor and fixed volumes for the anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic zones (i.e., fixed volume fractions), the mass fractions can be controlled (within a range) with the interreactor recycle ratios. This zone mass fraction flexibility is a significant advantage in membrane BNR systems over conventional BNR systems with SSTs, because it allows for changing of the mass fractions to optimize biological N and P removal in conformity with influent wastewater characteristics and the effluent N and P concentrations required. For PWWF/ADWF ratios in the upper range (f(q) approximately 2.0), aerobic mass fractions in the lower range (f(maer) < 0.60), and high (usually raw) wastewater strengths, the indicated mode of operation of MBR BNR systems is as extended aeration WWTPs. Although the volume reduction compared with equivalent conventional BNR systems with secondary settling tanks is not as large (40% to 60%), the cost of the membranes can be offset against sludge thickening and stabilization costs. Moving from a flow-unbalanced raw wastewater system to a flow-balanced (f(q) = 1), low (usually settled) wastewater strength system can double the ADWF capacity of the biological reactor, but the design approach of the WWTP changes from extended aeration to include primary sludge stabilization. The cost of primary sludge treatment then has to be paid from the savings from the increased WWTP capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramphao
- Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
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Merritt R, Cipriani A, Rendell J, Geddes J. Quetiapine alone or in combination for acute mania. Hippokratia 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the occurrence of multiple risk behaviors during pregnancy among women who delivered a live birth and to examine the risk of delivering small for gestational age (SGA) infants for women with multiple risks. METHODS We used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System to conduct the research. Pregnancy Risk Assessment System is a population-based, mixed-mode surveillance system that collects information on maternal behaviors and experiences. We used data for 1997 from 13 (n = 19,331) states that had response rates of over 70%. We considered ten self-reported individual risk behaviors or exposures (eg, smoking, unintended pregnancy) and several demographic variables. The main outcome was SGA. RESULTS Pregnant women engage in or are exposed to multiple risks and often these risks are inter-related. The occurrence of multiple risks appears to be associated with an increased likelihood of delivering an SGA infant. Compared with women with no reported risks or exposures, the adjusted odds ratios for delivering an SGA infant were as follows: 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69, 2.43) for one, 1.86 (95% CI 1.00, 3.44) for two, 1.67 (95% CI 0.90, 3.10) for three, 2.06 (95% CI 1.10, 3.89) for four, 3.53 (95% CI 1.71, 7.30) for five, and 3.82 (95% CI 1.97, 7.41) for six or more risks or exposures. CONCLUSION A large proportion of pregnant women engage in or are exposed to multiple risks. Women with a larger number of risks are at greater risk for delivering an SGA infant than women with fewer or no risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Ahluwalia
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3717, USA.
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Abstract
Our studies in the cholesterol-fed rabbit model indicate that moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of restenosis by preventing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Eighteen hypercholesterolemic rabbits underwent arterial injury by Fogerty balloon endothelial denudation of iliac arteries. Two weeks later, balloon angioplasty of atherogenic or atherosclerotic arterial segments was performed. Nine rabbits (control) received water ad lib, whereas nine rabbits (moderate alcohol treated) received an average of 2.5 ml alcohol per 500 ml water daily, from the day of feeding hypercholesterolemic diet until they were killed, 10 weeks later. There was a 26% increase in lumen size of the moderate alcohol-treated group compared with the control group. The percentage neointima formation (NI) values of the moderate alcohol-treated and control groups were 77 +/- 2.1 and 61 +/- 1.9, respectively (p < 0.001). The lumen/neointima (L/NI) ratio of the moderate alcohol-treated group was 0.71 +/- 0.07 compared with the control group, 0.33 +/- 0.04 (p < 0.001). The number of foam cells in the moderate alcohol-treated group was threefold less than the control group [i.e., 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 3.9 +/- 0.8, respectively (p = 0.005)]. The arterial lesion malondialdehyde (MDA) values of the control and the moderate alcohol-treated groups were 13.6 +/- 2.8 and 4.4 +/- 0.5 (p = 0.004), respectively. By radioimmunoassay, the moderate alcohol-treated group had less macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1; 3,277 cpm/microg protein) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF; 2,261 cpm/microg protein) compared with the controls (MCP-1, 4,529 cpm/microg protein; PDGF, 3,583 cpm/microg protein). Thus we conclude that low concentrations of alcohol reduce neointimal formation, and the extent of lipid oxidation, the number of foam cells in the neointimal area and may decrease the expression of MCP-1 and PDGF by reducing LDL oxidation in an animal model of postangioplasty restenosis.
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MESH Headings
- Angioplasty, Balloon/adverse effects
- Animals
- Arteriosclerosis/etiology
- Arteriosclerosis/metabolism
- Arteriosclerosis/pathology
- Arteriosclerosis/prevention & control
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Cholesterol/blood
- Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage
- Cholesterol, HDL/blood
- Ethanol/administration & dosage
- Ethanol/pharmacology
- Iliac Artery/drug effects
- Iliac Artery/injuries
- Iliac Artery/metabolism
- Iliac Artery/pathology
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Rabbits
- Recurrence
- Tunica Intima/drug effects
- Tunica Intima/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- R Merritt
- Department of Medicine, St. Louis University Health Science Center, Missouri 63110, U.S.A
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Pratt M, Powell K, Merritt R. 215 AWARENESS OF HYPERTENSION AND UTILIZATION OF NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT FOR HYPERTENSION. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199004000-00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Merritt R, Burns JC. The soft laser: therapeutic tool or popular placebo? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989; 68:271-2. [PMID: 2771373 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(89)90209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Merritt R, Burns JC. 'Soft lasers--have they a place in dentistry?'. Br Dent J 1989; 166:69. [PMID: 2920110 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4806717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Horacek BM, Purcell C, Lamothe R, Merritt R, Kafer C, Periyalwar S, Dey S, Leon LJ, Stroink G. The effect of torso geometry on magnetocardiographic isofield maps. Phys Med Biol 1987; 32:121-4. [PMID: 3823131 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/32/1/018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Using a computer model of a realistically shaped human torso with lungs and intraventricular blood masses, we have assessed how torso geometry and composition affect the extracorporal magnetic field produced by a current dipole in the centre of the ventricular mass. The magnetic induction vector B arising from the dipole has been calculated at points of a precordial measuring grid and the influence of boundaries has been assessed qualitatively, by comparing contour maps of the B component normal to the torso's frontal plane. We found that the maps reflected relatively faithfully the underlying dipolar source for the homogeneous torso and even for the torso with lungs. However, the intraventricular blood masses caused a noticeable rotation of the maps' extrema. Both lungs and blood masses tended to swing the distribution towards the distribution that would have been caused by a dipole oriented along the anatomical axis of the heart.
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Ford E, Heath G, Merritt R, Washburn R, Kriska A. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1980. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198004001-00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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