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Larragoite ET, Nell RA, Martins LJ, Barrows LR, Planelles V, Spivak AM. Histone deacetylase inhibition reduces deleterious cytokine release induced by ingenol stimulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 195:114844. [PMID: 34801521 PMCID: PMC8712404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Latency reversing agents (LRAs), such as protein kinase C (PKC) agonists, constitute a promising strategy for exposing and eliminating the HIV-1 latent reservoir. PKC agonists activate NF-κB and induce deleterious pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Adjuvant pharmacological agents, such as ruxolitinib, a JAK inhibitor, have previously been combined with LRAs to reduce deleterious pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion without inhibiting HIV-1 reactivation in vitro. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are known to dampen pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in the context of other diseases and synergize with LRAs to reactivate latent HIV-1. This study investigates whether a panel of epigenetic modifiers, including HDACi, could dampen PKC-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion during latency reversal. We screened an epigenetic modifier library for compounds that reduced intracellular IL-6 production induced by the PKC agonist Ingenol-3,20-dibenzoate. We further tested the most promising epigenetic inhibitor class, HDACi, for their ability to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactivate latent HIV-1 ex vivo. We identified nine epigenetic modulators that reduced PKC-induced intracellular IL-6. In cells from aviremic individuals living with HIV-1, the HDAC1-3 inhibitor, suberohydroxamic acid (SBHA), reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-5, IL-2r, and IL-17 but did not significantly reactivate latent HIV-1 when combined with Ingenol-3,20-dibenzoate. Combining SBHA and Ingenol-3,20-dibenzoate reduces deleterious cytokine production during latency reversal but does not induce significant viral reactivation in aviremic donor PBMCs. The ability of SBHA to reduce PKC-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines when combined with Ingenol-3,20-dibenzoate suggests SBHA can be used to reduced PKC induced pro-inflammatory cytokines but not to achieve latency reversal in the context of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin T. Larragoite
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Racheal A. Nell
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Laura J. Martins
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Louis R. Barrows
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Vicente Planelles
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Adam M. Spivak
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States, Corresponding Author: Adam M. Spivak, 50 North Medical Drive, Division of Infectious Diseases, Room 4B319, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, Phone: 801-587-1964, Fax: 801-585-3377,
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Tsai YC, Nell RA, Buckendorf JE, Kúsz N, Mwangi PW, Berkecz R, Rédei D, Vasas A, Spivak AM, Hohmann J. Bioactive Compounds from Euphorbia usambarica Pax. with HIV-1 Latency Reversal Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070653. [PMID: 34358079 PMCID: PMC8308672 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia usambarica is a traditional medicine used for gynecologic, endocrine, and urogenital illnesses in East Africa; however, its constituents and bioactivities have not been investigated. A variety of compounds isolated from Euphorbia species have been shown to have activity against latent HIV-1, the major source of HIV-1 persistence despite antiretroviral therapy. We performed bioactivity-guided isolation to identify 15 new diterpenoids (1–9, 14–17, 19, and 20) along with 16 known compounds from E. usambarica with HIV-1 latency reversal activity. Euphordraculoate C (1) exhibits a rare 6/6/3-fused ring system with a 2-methyl-2-cyclopentenone moiety. Usambariphanes A (2) and B (3) display an unusual lactone ring constructed between C-17 and C-2 in the jatrophane structure. 4β-Crotignoid K (14) revealed a 250-fold improvement in latency reversal activity compared to crotignoid K (13), identifying that configuration at the C-4 of tigliane diterpenoids is critical to HIV-1 latency reversal activity. The primary mechanism of the active diterpenoids 12–14 and 21 for the HIV-1 latency reversal activity was activation of PKC, while lignans 26 and 27 that did not increase CD69 expression, suggesting a non-PKC mechanism. Accordingly, natural constituents from E. usambarica have the potential to contribute to the development of HIV-1 eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Tsai
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Y.-C.T.); (N.K.); (D.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Racheal A. Nell
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (R.A.N.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Jonathan E. Buckendorf
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (R.A.N.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Norbert Kúsz
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Y.-C.T.); (N.K.); (D.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Peter Waweru Mwangi
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya;
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Dóra Rédei
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Y.-C.T.); (N.K.); (D.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Andrea Vasas
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Y.-C.T.); (N.K.); (D.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Adam M. Spivak
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (R.A.N.); (J.E.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Y.-C.T.); (N.K.); (D.R.); (A.V.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (J.H.)
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Trivedi S, Afroz T, Bennett MS, Angell K, Barros F, Nell RA, Ying J, Spivak AM, Leung DT. Diverse Mucosal-Associated Invariant TCR Usage in HIV Infection. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:360-369. [PMID: 34045357 PMCID: PMC10563122 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that specifically target bacterial metabolites but are also identified as innate-like sensors of viral infection. Individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection have lower numbers of circulating MAIT cells compared with healthy individuals, yet the features of the MAIT TCR repertoire are not well known. We isolated and stimulated human PBMCs from healthy non-HIV-infected donors (HD), HIV-infected progressors on antiretroviral therapy, and HIV-infected elite controllers (EC). We sorted MAIT cells using flow cytometry and used a high-throughput sequencing method with bar coding to link the expression of TCRα, TCRβ, and functional genes of interest at the single-cell level. We show differential patterns of MAIT TCR usage among the groups. We observed expansions of certain dominant MAIT clones in HIV-infected individuals upon Escherichia coli stimulation, which was not observed in clones of HD. We also found different patterns of CDR3 amino acid distributions among the three groups. Furthermore, we found blunted expression of phenotypic genes in HIV individuals; most notably, HD mounted a robust IFNG response to stimulation, whereas both HIV-infected progressors and EC did not. In conclusion, our study describes the diverse MAIT TCR repertoire of persons with chronic HIV-1 infection and suggest that MAIT clones of HIV-infected persons may be primed for expansion more than that of noninfected persons. Further studies are needed to examine the functional significance of unique MAIT cell TCR usage in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Taliman Afroz
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Michael S Bennett
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Kendal Angell
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Fabio Barros
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Racheal A Nell
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Jian Ying
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Adam M Spivak
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Daniel T Leung
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Abdel-Mohsen M, Kuri-Cervantes L, Grau-Exposito J, Spivak AM, Nell RA, Tomescu C, Vadrevu SK, Giron LB, Serra-Peinado C, Genescà M, Castellví J, Wu G, Del Rio Estrada PM, González-Navarro M, Lynn K, King CT, Vemula S, Cox K, Wan Y, Li Q, Mounzer K, Kostman J, Frank I, Paiardini M, Hazuda D, Reyes-Terán G, Richman D, Howell B, Tebas P, Martinez-Picado J, Planelles V, Buzon MJ, Betts MR, Montaner LJ. CD32 is expressed on cells with transcriptionally active HIV but does not enrich for HIV DNA in resting T cells. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaar6759. [PMID: 29669853 PMCID: PMC6282755 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar6759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of HIV reservoirs, including latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells, is the major obstacle to cure HIV infection. CD32a expression was recently reported to mark CD4+ T cells harboring a replication-competent HIV reservoir during antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppression. We aimed to determine whether CD32 expression marks HIV latently or transcriptionally active infected CD4+ T cells. Using peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue of ART-treated HIV+ or SIV+ subjects, we found that most of the circulating memory CD32+ CD4+ T cells expressed markers of activation, including CD69, HLA-DR, CD25, CD38, and Ki67, and bore a TH2 phenotype as defined by CXCR3, CCR4, and CCR6. CD32 expression did not selectively enrich for HIV- or SIV-infected CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood or lymphoid tissue; isolated CD32+ resting CD4+ T cells accounted for less than 3% of the total HIV DNA in CD4+ T cells. Cell-associated HIV DNA and RNA loads in CD4+ T cells positively correlated with the frequency of CD32+ CD69+ CD4+ T cells but not with CD32 expression on resting CD4+ T cells. Using RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, CD32 coexpression with HIV RNA or p24 was detected after in vitro HIV infection (peripheral blood mononuclear cell and tissue) and in vivo within lymph node tissue from HIV-infected individuals. Together, these results indicate that CD32 is not a marker of resting CD4+ T cells or of enriched HIV DNA-positive cells after ART; rather, CD32 is predominately expressed on a subset of activated CD4+ T cells enriched for transcriptionally active HIV after long-term ART.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Judith Grau-Exposito
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Adam M Spivak
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Racheal A Nell
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carla Serra-Peinado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Meritxell Genescà
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Josep Castellví
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebrón, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Guoxin Wu
- Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth Lynn
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Jonathan Lax Center, Philadelphia FIGHT, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Sai Vemula
- Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Kara Cox
- Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yanmin Wan
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Qingsheng Li
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Karam Mounzer
- Jonathan Lax Center, Philadelphia FIGHT, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jay Kostman
- Jonathan Lax Center, Philadelphia FIGHT, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ian Frank
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Douglas Richman
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Pablo Tebas
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona 08916, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic 08500, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08908, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vicente Planelles
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Maria J Buzon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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