1
|
Patterson CW, Bonillas-Monge E, Brennan A, Grether GF, Mendoza-Cuenca L, Tucker R, Vega-Sánchez YM, Drury J. A chromosome-level genome assembly for the smoky rubyspot damselfly (Hetaerina titia). J Hered 2024; 115:103-111. [PMID: 37988159 PMCID: PMC10838124 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoky rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina titia Drury, 1773) are one of the most commonly encountered odonates along streams and rivers on both slopes of Central America and the Atlantic drainages in the United States and southern Canada. Owing to their highly variable wing pigmentation, they have become a model system for studying sexual selection and interspecific behavioral interference. Here, we sequence and assemble the genome of a female smoky rubyspot. Of the primary assembly (i.e. the principle pseudohaplotype), 98.8% is made up of 12 chromosomal pseudomolecules (2N = 22A + X). There are 75 scaffolds in total, an N50 of 120 Mb, a contig-N50 of 0.64 Mb, and a high arthropod BUSCO score [C: 97.6% (S: 97.3%, D: 0.3%), F: 0.8%, M: 1.6%]. We then compare our assembly to that of the blue-tailed damselfly genome (Ischnura elegans), the most complete damselfly assembly to date, and a recently published assembly for an American rubyspot damselfly (Hetaerina americana). Collectively, these resources make Hetaerina a genome-enabled genus for further studies of the ecological and evolutionary forces shaping biological diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrian Brennan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory F Grether
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, LA, United States
| | - Luis Mendoza-Cuenca
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
| | - Rachel Tucker
- NERC Environmental Omics Facility, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Yesenia M Vega-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, México
| | - Jonathan Drury
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jacklin BD, Hanousek K, Gillespie S, Liedtke A, Tucker R, Fiske-Jackson A, Smith RK. Validation of a novel clinical tool for monitoring distal limb stiffness. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1271036. [PMID: 38249548 PMCID: PMC10796727 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1271036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To validate a novel technique to measure limb stiffness in a clinical setting. Animals Three horses and three ponies owned by the Royal Veterinary College. Procedures Limb stiffness indices for both forelimbs were first derived using the gold standard of kinematic analysis. Using the same animals, limb stiffness indices were then calculated using portable floor scales to record weight and an electrogoniometer to record changes in metacarpophalangeal joint angle. The two techniques were then assessed for correlation and repeatability. Results The repeatability of limb stiffness measurement using the novel clinical tool was considered to be good based on a small coefficient of variation (5.70%). The correlation of limb stiffness as derived by both methods was high (r = 0.78, p < 0.01). Limb stiffness was positively correlated with the mass of the subject (r = 0.85, p < 0.01), with heavier horses having greater limb stiffness. Clinical relevance This study has compared a novel method to measure distal forelimb stiffness non-invasively in a clinical setting to kinematic analysis in six equids. It has demonstrated that limb stiffness increases in a linear fashion with body mass consistent with the role of forelimbs providing energy storage. Because in vivo limb stiffness has been shown previously to alter with injury to the superficial digital flexor tendon, it is hypothesized that this technique will offer a practical technique for the clinician to assess limb stiffness in clinical cases. Further study will be necessary to determine its clinical usefulness in such cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine Hanousek
- Equine Referral Hospital, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Sabrina Gillespie
- Equine Referral Hospital, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Liedtke
- Equine Referral Hospital, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Roger K. Smith
- Equine Referral Hospital, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Starling LT, Tucker R, Quarrie K, Schmidt J, Hassanein O, Smith C, Flahive S, Morris C, Lancaster S, Mellalieu S, Curran O, Gill N, Clarke W, Davies P, Harrington M, Falvey E. The World Rugby and International Rugby Players Contact Load Guidelines: From conception to implementation and the future. S Afr J Sports Med 2023; 35:v35i1a16376. [PMID: 38249755 PMCID: PMC10798596 DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2023/v35i1a16376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Managing training load in rugby union is crucial for optimising performance and injury prevention. Contact training warrants attention because of higher overall injury and head impact risk, yet players must develop physical, technical, and mental skills to withstand the demands of the game. To help coaches manage contact loads in professional rugby, World Rugby and International Rugby Players convened an expert working group. They conducted a global survey with players to develop contact load guidelines. This commentary aims to describe the contact load guidelines and their implementation, and identify areas where future work is needed to support their evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LT Starling
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath,
UK
| | - R Tucker
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Department of Exercise, University of Stellenbosch,
South Africa
| | - K Quarrie
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington,
New Zealand
| | - J Schmidt
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington,
New Zealand
| | - O Hassanein
- International Rugby Players, Clonskeagh, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - C Smith
- International Rugby Players, Clonskeagh, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - S Flahive
- International Rugby Players, Clonskeagh, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - C Morris
- C J Morris Consulting Ltd, Cheshire,
UK
| | | | - S Mellalieu
- Centre for Health, Activity and Wellbeing Research (CAWR), Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff,
UK
| | - O Curran
- Irish Rugby Football Union, High Performance Centre, National Sports Campus, Dublin 15,
Ireland
| | - N Gill
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington,
New Zealand
- University of Waikato, Tauranga,
New Zealand
| | - W Clarke
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington,
New Zealand
| | - P Davies
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - M Harrington
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - E Falvey
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
- College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork,
Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lynch N, Taylor CJ, McGilvray T, Tucker R, Bathe A, Elliott CRB, Smith RKW. Desmitis of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon in the forelimb: A retrospective case study of 91 horses. Equine Vet J 2023. [PMID: 37783565 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmitis of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (ALDDFT) is a commonly reported injury. Despite the commonality of this injury, the literature is limited to small case series, with the reported success following treatment varying from 18% to 75%. OBJECTIVES To identify the prognosis and factors associated with a return to work following ALDDFT injury. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Medical records of horses from four equine hospitals (January 2000 and December 2018) with a diagnosis of desmitis of ALDDFT were reviewed. Data retrieved included case detail, use, history, lameness treatment and follow-up. Success was defined as returning to work. Backward stepwise logistic regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with return to work. RESULTS Ninety-one horses were included. The mean age was 13.5 years (standard deviation 4.9 years). Thirty-four percent (28/91) of horses were sound at the initial presentation. Sixty-eight percent (62/91) of horses were managed using controlled exercise alone, 28% (29/91) were treated with intra-lesional injection, therapeutic ultrasound, extracorporeal shockwave therapy or desmectomy of the ALDDFT and 3% (3/91) were euthanased without treatment. Sixty-four percent (54/85) of horses returned to work. Horses that were lame at follow-up were less likely to return to work (odds ratio [OR] 107.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 20.06-580.61, p < 0.001) than those that returned to soundness. Identification of adhesions on ultrasonography was also associated with having reduced odds for return to work when compared to horses without adhesions (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01-0.76, p = 0.03). MAIN LIMITATIONS Retrospective nature of the study, the potential of selection bias with regards to follow-up. CONCLUSION Sixty-four percent (54/85) of horses returned to work following injury of the ALDDFT. Persistence of lameness and adhesion formation were significantly associated with a poor outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andy Bathe
- Rossdales Equine Hospital, Newmarket, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Westrupp EM, Bennett C, Berkowitz T, Youssef GJ, Toumbourou JW, Tucker R, Andrews FJ, Evans S, Teague SJ, Karantzas GC, Melvin GM, Olsson C, Macdonald JA, Greenwood CJ, Mikocka-Walus A, Hutchinson D, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Stokes MA, Olive L, Wood AG, McGillivray JA, Sciberras E. Child, parent, and family mental health and functioning in Australia during COVID-19: comparison to pre-pandemic data. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:317-330. [PMID: 34417875 PMCID: PMC8379590 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presents significant risks to population mental health. Despite evidence of detrimental effects for adults, there has been limited examination of the impact of COVID-19 on parents and children specifically. We aim to examine patterns of parent and child (0-18 years) mental health, parent substance use, couple conflict, parenting practices, and family functioning during COVID-19, compared to pre-pandemic data, and to identify families most at risk of poor outcomes according to pre-existing demographic and individual factors, and COVID-19 stressors. Participants were Australian mothers (81%) and fathers aged 18 years and over who were parents of a child 0-18 years (N = 2365). Parents completed an online self-report survey during 'stage three' COVID-19 restrictions in April 2020. Data were compared to pre-pandemic data from four Australian population-based cohorts. Compared to pre-pandemic estimates, during the pandemic period parents reported higher rates of parent depression, anxiety, and stress (Cohen's d = 0.26-0.81, all p < 0.001), higher parenting irritability (d = 0.17-0.46, all p < 0.001), lower family positive expressiveness (d = - 0.18, p < 0.001), and higher alcohol consumption (22% vs 12% drinking four or more days per week, p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, we consistently found that younger parent age, increased financial deprivation, pre-existing parent and child physical and mental health conditions, COVID-19 psychological and environmental stressors, and housing dissatisfaction were associated with worse parent and child functioning and more strained family relationships. Our data suggest wide-ranging, detrimental family impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic; and support policy actions to assist families with financial supports, leave entitlements, and social housing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Westrupp
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - C Bennett
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - T Berkowitz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - G J Youssef
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - J W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - R Tucker
- Deakin HOME Research Hub, Victoria, Australia
| | - F J Andrews
- Deakin HOME Research Hub, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Evans
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - S J Teague
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - G C Karantzas
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - G M Melvin
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- Centre for Educational Development Research and Appraisal, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - C Olsson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - J A Macdonald
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - C J Greenwood
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - A Mikocka-Walus
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - D Hutchinson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- The National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - M A Stokes
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - L Olive
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- IMPACT Institute, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - A G Wood
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - J A McGillivray
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - E Sciberras
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Underhill LA, Barbarita C, Collis S, Tucker R, Lechner BE. Association of Maternal Versus Fetal Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Status with Poor Pregnancy Outcomes. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:3459-3464. [PMID: 35676499 PMCID: PMC9734202 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The majority of research papers published on obstetrical outcomes in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) have focused on the contribution of maternal EDS to the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of our study was to further clarify the fetal versus maternal contribution of EDS to poor pregnancy outcomes. A web-based, anonymous questionnaire was developed to collect pregnancy histories of families with a member with EDS. The survey was disseminated via social media through the Ehlers Danlos National Foundation. Population descriptors (age, gender, EDS diagnosis, age of diagnosis) and pregnancy descriptors (number of pregnancies, live births, and birth complications) were collected. To identify fetal and maternal contribution of EDS to poor pregnancy outcomes, three groups were compared based on maternal or infant diagnosis (EDS versus non-EDS). The rate of birth complications, treatment for preterm birth, and occurrence of preterm birth, as well as gestational age at preterm birth, were different depending on maternal/ infant EDS status, and these differences were significant when comparing infant EDS status but not when comparing maternal EDS status. The occurrence of PPROM is increased in the non-EDS mother/EDS infant group compared to both EDS mother/non-EDS infant and EDS mother/EDS infant groups (38.9%, 12.5%, 14.8%, p = 0.025). This study identifies that poor outcomes in EDS pregnancies differ depending on the maternal and the fetal EDS status. These insights into maternal and fetal association with certain poor pregnancy outcomes in pregnancies complicated by EDS can further guide physicians in educating, managing, and treating these women during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Underhill
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Kilguss Research Institute, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.
| | - C Barbarita
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Kilguss Research Institute, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - S Collis
- Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - R Tucker
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Kilguss Research Institute, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - B E Lechner
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Kilguss Research Institute, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gonzalez-Nahm S, Marchesoni J, Maity A, Maguire RL, House JS, Tucker R, Atkinson T, Murphy SK, Hoyo C. Maternal Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Associations with Maternal Prenatal Stressors and Child Growth. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac146. [PMID: 36406812 PMCID: PMC9665863 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychosocial and physiologic stressors, such as depression and obesity, during pregnancy can have negative consequences, such as increased systemic inflammation, contributing to chronic disease for both mothers and their unborn children. These conditions disproportionately affect racial/ethnic minorities. The effects of recommended dietary patterns in mitigating the effects of these stressors remain understudied. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the relations between maternal Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) and maternal and offspring outcomes during the first decade of life in African Americans, Hispanics, and Whites. Methods This study included 929 mother-child dyads from the NEST (Newborn Epigenetics STudy), a prospective cohort study. FFQs were used to estimate MDA in pregnant women. Weight and height were measured in children between birth and age 8 y. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between maternal MDA, inflammatory cytokines, and pregnancy and postnatal outcomes. Results More than 55% of White women reported high MDA during the periconceptional period compared with 22% of Hispanic and 18% of African American women (P < 0.05). Higher MDA was associated with lower likelihood of depressive mood (β = -0.45; 95% CI: -0.90, -0.18; P = 0.02) and prepregnancy obesity (β = -0.29; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.0002; P = 0.05). Higher MDA was also associated with lower body size at birth, which was maintained to ages 3-5 and 6-8 y-this association was most apparent in White children (3-5 y: β = -2.9, P = 0.02; 6-8 y: β = -3.99, P = 0.01). Conclusions If replicated in larger studies, our data suggest that MDA provides a potent avenue by which effects of prenatal stressors on maternal and fetal outcomes can be mitigated to reduce ethnic disparities in childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gonzalez-Nahm
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Joddy Marchesoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Arnab Maity
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rachel L Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John S House
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Tucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Tamara Atkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mphwanthe G, Tucker R, Weatherspoon L. Development of an Undergraduate Dietetics and Preceptor Training Program: A Malawi-US partnership. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Gonzalez-Nahm S, Marchesoni J, Maity A, Maguire R, House J, Tucker R, Atkinson T, Murphy S, Hoyo C. Maternal Periconceptional Stressors, Mediterranean Diet Adherence, and Child Outcomes. Curr Dev Nutr 2022. [PMCID: PMC9193462 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac061.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the relationships between maternal periconceptional Mediterranean diet adherence and 1) maternal periconceptional BMI, 2) subsequent maternal depression during pregnancy, 3) prenatal inflammatory cytokine IL-17A, 4) child birthweight, and 5) child weight-for-height at ages 0–8 years in African American, Hispanic and White mother-child dyads from the Newborn Epigenetics STudy (NEST). Methods Food frequency questionnaires were used to estimate periconceptional Mediterranean diet adherence in mothers. Maternal depression during pregnancy was assessed using the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. Weight and height were measured in children between birth and age 8 years. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine associations between maternal adherence to a Mediterranean diet, inflammatory cytokines and pregnancy and postnatal outcomes, adjusted for education, maternal age at delivery, maternal smoking, gestational age, age and sex of child, breastfeeding, parity, maternal BMI. Results Adherence to a Mediterranean diet varied widely by ethnicity with > 55% of White mothers reporting high adherence during the periconceptional period, compared to 22% of Hispanic mothers, and 18% of African American mothers (P < 0.05). Higher adherence to this diet was associated with lower risk of depressive mood (β = −0.45, p = 0.02) and pre-pregnancy obesity (β = −0.29, p = 0.05). Higher maternal adherence to this diet pattern was also associated with lower body weight at birth, that was maintained to ages 3–5 and 6–8 years—these associations were most apparent in White children (3–5 years: β = −2.9, p = 0.02; 6–8 years: β = −3.99, p = 0.01). Higher diet adherence was associated with lower levels of prenatal IL-17A levels in African American mother-child dyads (β = 0.21, p = 0.03). Conclusions Our data suggest that maternal Mediterranean diet adherence provides a potent avenue by which effects of prenatal stressors on maternal and fetal outcomes can be mitigated to reduce ethnic disparities in childhood obesity. Funding Sources This research was funded by grants from the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John House
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lanzas C, Jara M, Tucker R, Curtis S. A review of epidemiological models of Clostridioides difficile transmission and control (2009-2021). Anaerobe 2022; 74:102541. [PMID: 35217149 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of infectious diarrhea and one of the most common healthcare-acquired infections worldwide. We performed a systematic search and a bibliometric analysis of mathematical and computational models for Clostridioides difficile transmission. We identified 33 publications from 2009 to 2021. Models have underscored the importance of asymptomatic colonized patients in maintaining transmission in health-care settings. Infection control, antimicrobial stewardship, active testing, and vaccination have often been evaluated in models. Despite active testing and vaccination being not currently implemented, they are the most commonly evaluated interventions. Some aspects of C. difficile transmission, such community transmission and interventions in health-care settings other than in acute-care hospitals, remained less evaluated through modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lanzas
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Manuel Jara
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Tucker
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Savannah Curtis
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | -
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tucker R, Parker RA, Meredith LE, Hughes TK, Foote AK. Surgical removal of intra-articular loose bodies from the cervical articular process joints in 5 horses. Vet Surg 2021; 51:173-181. [PMID: 34791668 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the surgical removal of intra-articular loose bodies (LBs) from the cervical articular process joints (APJs) in five horses and to describe the outcome of the surgery. STUDY DESIGN Short case series. ANIMALS Five client-owned horses with naturally occurring LBs within the cervical APJs. METHODS Medical records were reviewed of horses that were diagnosed with LBs of the cervical APJs on computed tomography (CT), where the LBs were subsequently removed surgically. Details of case selection and surgical technique were reviewed along with postoperative complications and clinical outcome. Histopathology was performed on LBs in some cases. RESULTS Surgery was performed on six APJs in five horses. Of the 14 LBs identified with CT, 13 were successfully removed from the C4/C5, C5/C6 and C6/C7 articulations. No surgical complications were encountered, and clinical signs of cervical dysfunction improved in all horses. All clinical cases returned to ridden work by 6 months post surgery. Histopathologic examination revealed the removed structures to be osteochondral or chondral loose bodies consisting of cartilaginous proliferation with or without ossification and central necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Surgical removal of LBs is achievable from the cervical APJs and can result in the resolution of cervical pain. This procedure offers a new treatment option for management of selected horses with cervical pain, following thorough assessment and CT imaging.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ludy M, Morgan A, Huzyak M, Nieschwitz N, Du C, Tucker R. A Comparison of Dietary and Alcohol Use Behaviors in College Students during the Early- and Mid-Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Malamateniou C, McFadden S, McQuinlan Y, England A, Woznitza N, Goldsworthy S, Currie C, Skelton E, Chu KY, Alware N, Matthews P, Hawkesford R, Tucker R, Town W, Matthew J, Kalinka C, O'Regan T. Artificial Intelligence: Guidance for clinical imaging and therapeutic radiography professionals, a summary by the Society of Radiographers AI working group. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 27:1192-1202. [PMID: 34420888 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence (AI) has started to be increasingly adopted in medical imaging and radiotherapy clinical practice, however research, education and partnerships have not really caught up yet to facilitate a safe and effective transition. The aim of the document is to provide baseline guidance for radiographers working in the field of AI in education, research, clinical practice and stakeholder partnerships. The guideline is intended for use by the multi-professional clinical imaging and radiotherapy teams, including all staff, volunteers, students and learners. METHODS The format mirrored similar publications from other SCoR working groups in the past. The recommendations have been subject to a rapid period of peer, professional and patient assessment and review. Feedback was sought from a range of SoR members and advisory groups, as well as from the SoR director of professional policy, as well as from external experts. Amendments were then made in line with feedback received and a final consensus was reached. RESULTS AI is an innovative tool radiographers will need to engage with to ensure a safe and efficient clinical service in imaging and radiotherapy. Educational provisions will need to be proportionately adjusted by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to offer the necessary knowledge, skills and competences for diagnostic and therapeutic radiographers, to enable them to navigate a future where AI will be central to patient diagnosis and treatment pathways. Radiography-led research in AI should address key clinical challenges and enable radiographers co-design, implement and validate AI solutions. Partnerships are key in ensuring the contribution of radiographers is integrated into healthcare AI ecosystems for the benefit of the patients and service users. CONCLUSION Radiography is starting to work towards a future with AI-enabled healthcare. This guidance offers some recommendations for different areas of radiography practice. There is a need to update our educational curricula, rethink our research priorities, forge new strong clinical-academic-industry partnerships to optimise clinical practice. Specific recommendations in relation to clinical practice, education, research and the forging of partnerships with key stakeholders are discussed, with potential impact on policy and practice in all these domains. These recommendations aim to serve as baseline guidance for UK radiographers. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This review offers the most up-to-date recommendations for clinical practitioners, researchers, academics and service users of clinical imaging and therapeutic radiography services. Radiography practice, education and research must gradually adjust to AI-enabled healthcare systems to ensure gains of AI technologies are maximised and challenges and risks are minimised. This guidance will need to be updated regularly given the fast-changing pace of AI development and innovation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Malamateniou
- Department of Radiography, Division of Midwifery and Radiography, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK; Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College, London, UK.
| | - S McFadden
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT37OQB, UK
| | - Y McQuinlan
- Mirada Medical, UK; Honorary Dosimetrist, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, UK
| | - A England
- School of Allied Health Professions, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - N Woznitza
- Radiology Department, University College London Hospitals, UK; School of Allied and Public Health Professions Canterbury Christ Church University, UK
| | - S Goldsworthy
- Beacon Radiotherapy, Musgrove Park Hospital, Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton, TA1 5DA, UK
| | - C Currie
- Programme Lead MSc Diagnostic Imaging, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK; MRI Specialist Radiographer, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Skelton
- Department of Radiography, Division of Midwifery and Radiography, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK; Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College, London, UK
| | - K-Y Chu
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK; Radiotherapy Department, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS FT, UK
| | - N Alware
- King George Hospital, BHRUT NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - P Matthews
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Surrey & Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - R Tucker
- School of Allied Health and Social Care, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, UK; Radiology Department, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - W Town
- Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust, UK
| | - J Matthew
- Department of Radiography, Division of Midwifery and Radiography, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - C Kalinka
- Society and College of Radiographers, UK; Programme Manager, Strategic Programme Unit, NHS Collaborative, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - T O'Regan
- The Society and College of Radiographers, 207 Providence Square, Mill Street, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tucker R, Hall YS, Hughes TK, Parker RA. Osteochondral fragmentation of the cervical articular process joints; prevalence in horses undergoing CT for investigation of cervical dysfunction. Equine Vet J 2020; 54:106-113. [PMID: 33368552 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the cervical spine of mature horses under general anaesthesia is becoming increasingly accessible. Osteochondral fragmentation (OF) of the cervical articular process joints (APJs) has been identified on CT imaging; the prevalence, clinical features and significance of this finding are currently unknown. OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence and clinical features of a population of horses with CT evidence of OF within the cervical APJs. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, descriptive case series. METHODS The study population consisted of all horses undergoing CT imaging of the entire cervical spine between April 2016 and December 2019 at Liphook Equine Hospital for investigation of clinical signs localised to this region. CT scans were examined for evidence of OF within the APJs and additional case features were recorded. RESULTS A total of 55 horses underwent CT imaging during the study period. OF was identified in 13 horses, giving a CT prevalence of 24% in the study population. OF occurred in a range of ages, breeds and uses of equine, presenting with varied clinical signs. It was identified at every level of the neck. Additional cervical pathology was identified in 11/13 OF cases. MAIN LIMITATIONS Retrospective analysis of a clinical caseload with a lack of clinically normal controls or post mortem confirmation of imaging findings. Low case numbers. CONCLUSIONS OF within the cervical APJs is recognised on CT imaging in horses with cervical dysfunction. Fragments are commonly identified in combination with additional cervical pathology. Further investigation is required to confirm their clinical significance and develop potential treatment options where necessary.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tucker R, Callaham JA, Zeidler C, Paul AL, Ferl RJ. NDVI imaging within space exploration plant growth modules - A case study from EDEN ISS Antarctica. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2020; 26:1-9. [PMID: 32718674 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The concept of using informative wavelength imagery to monitor plant health and ecosystem stability from space is derived from the deployment of Landsat and the development of the Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, or NDVI. NDVI presents the relative reflectance of the Near IR from plant leaves as a measure of relative plant health in terrestrial habitats and landscapes. However, the use of NDVI and NDVI-like imagery is rapidly evolving toward higher spatial resolution and more localized assessments of plant health, such as the use of drone imagery to monitor outdoor farms, and the use of mounted cameras within indoor growing facilities. With the advancement of plant growth systems in support of human space exploration, especially to the moon and Mars, remote assessment of plant health within exploration habitats becomes a critical element for development. This project examines the deployment of NDVI-like capabilities within a planetary analog greenhouse on the Antarctic ice shelf. The EDEN ISS Antarctica project provides a case study on the practical use of specific wavelength imagery to monitor plant health within space exploration environments. GoPro cameras, modified to dual bandpass capabilities, provided Single Image NDVI analyses for a year within the EDEN ISS Future Exploration Greenhouse at the Neumayer Station III in Antarctica. Images were acquired on site, analyzed remotely, and archived for the entire duration of the deployment through a combination of back-room science activities and operational communications with the Neumayer Station III. The results provide insights into the potential use of specific imaging wavelengths to enhance crop production in space exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tucker
- Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Conrad Zeidler
- EDEN Research Group, Institute of Space Systems, Department of System Analysis Space Segment, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Bremen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lisa Paul
- Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Interdisiplinary Center for Biotechnology and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert J Ferl
- Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Office of Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tucker R, Hughes TK. Diagnosis and standing repair of a proximal metatarsal fracture in a racing Thoroughbred. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Tucker
- Liphook Equine Hospital Liphook, Hampshire UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Plasencia J, Jackson Y, Tucker R. Increased Curricular Exposure to Culture-based Food Practices Increases Dietetic Interns’ Likelihood in Working with Diverse Patient Groups. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- R. Tucker
- Liphook Equine Hospital Liphook Hampshire UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vohr B, McGowan E, Keszler L, O'Donnell M, Hawes K, Tucker R. Effects of a transition home program on preterm infant emergency room visits within 90 days of discharge. J Perinatol 2018; 38:185-190. [PMID: 28906495 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of a transition home program (THP) and risk factors on emergency room (ER) use within 90 days of discharge for preterm (PT) infants <37 weeks gestation. STUDY DESIGN This is a prospective 3-year cohort study of 804 mothers and 954 PT infants. Mothers received enhanced neonatal intensive care unit transition support services until 90 days postdischarge. Regression models were run to identify the effects of THP implementation year and risk factors on ER visits. RESULTS Of the 954 infants, 181 (19%) had ER visits and 83/181 (46%) had an admission. In regression analysis, THP year 3 vs year 1 and human milk at discharge were associated with decreased risk of ER visits, whereas increased odds was associated with non-English speaking, maternal mental health disorders and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. CONCLUSION Enhanced THP services were associated with a 33% decreased risk of all ER visits by year 3. Social and environmental risk factors contribute to preventable ER visits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Vohr
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA.,Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - E McGowan
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA.,Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - L Keszler
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA.,Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - M O'Donnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - K Hawes
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA.,Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - R Tucker
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tam N, Santos-Concejero J, Tucker R, Lamberts R. The quest to optimize running performance: Running economy and its biomechanical and neuromuscular considerations. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
21
|
Tucker R, Leone R, Morgan A, Ludy M. Weight Gain and Decreased Sleep Duration in First-Year College Students: A Longitudinal Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Fuller GW, Govind O, Tucker R, Raftery M. Sport concussion assessment tool-Third edition normative reference values for professional Rugby Union players. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:347-351. [PMID: 28843846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish normative reference data for the SCAT3 in professional Rugby Union players. DESIGN A cross sectional study in professional Rugby Union players competing in national and international professional competitions between 2015 and 2016. METHODS The SCAT3 was administered pre-season or prior to tournaments. Data was collected electronically using a custom tablet application. SCAT3 subcomponents distributions were described and normative ranges determined using percentile cut-offs for average, unusually low/high, and extremely low/high scores. The association between player characteristics and performance in SCAT3 subcomponents was also investigated in exploratory analyses. RESULTS A total of 3611 professional Rugby Union players were included. The most common baseline symptom was fatigue (14%). The symptom score median (md) was 0 (interquartile range (IQR)=0-1). Symptom severity md was 0 (IQR=0-1). The md of the SAC score was 28 (IQR=26-29). The md of the MBESS was 2 (IQR=0-4). The Tandem gait md was 11.1s (IQR=10.0-12.7s). Upper limb coordination was normal in 98.4%. Younger age and lower educational level were associated with worse performance on delayed recall and reverse month sub-components of the SCAT3 (p<0.0001). No statistically significant differences in SCAT3 subcomponents were evident across gender. CONCLUSIONS Representative normative reference values for the SCAT3 among professional Rugby Union players are provided. Baseline performance on concentration and delayed recall tests may be lower in younger athletes or in those with lower educational level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G W Fuller
- Centre for Urgent and Emergency Care Research, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK.
| | - O Govind
- Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - R Tucker
- World Rugby, World Rugby House, Ireland
| | - M Raftery
- World Rugby, World Rugby House, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Payne M, Furfaro L, Tucker R, Tan L, Mokany E. One-step simultaneous detection ofUreaplasma parvumand genotypes SV1, SV3 and SV6 from clinical samples using PlexPCR technology. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:153-158. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.S. Payne
- School of Women's and Infants’ Health; University of Western Australia; Subiaco WA Australia
| | - L.L. Furfaro
- School of Women's and Infants’ Health; University of Western Australia; Subiaco WA Australia
| | - R. Tucker
- SpeeDx Pty Ltd; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - L.Y. Tan
- SpeeDx Pty Ltd; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - E. Mokany
- SpeeDx Pty Ltd; Sydney NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
St Clair Gibson A, Swart J, Tucker R. The interaction of psychological and physiological homeostatic drives and role of general control principles in the regulation of physiological systems, exercise and the fatigue process – The Integrative Governor theory. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 18:25-36. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1321688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. St Clair Gibson
- Faculty of Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - J. Swart
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R. Tucker
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Santos-Concejero J, Billaut F, Grobler L, Oliván J, Noakes TD, Tucker R. Brain oxygenation declines in elite Kenyan runners during a maximal interval training session. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1017-1024. [PMID: 28321639 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to characterise the cerebral oxygenation (Cox) response during a high-intensity interval training session in Kenyan runners, and to examine any relationship with running performance. METHODS 15 Kenyan runners completed a 5-km time trial (TT) and a Fatigue Training Test on a treadmill (repeated running bouts of 1-km at a pace 5% faster than their mean 5-km TT pace with a 30-s recovery until exhaustion). Changes in Cox were monitored via near-infrared spectroscopy through concentration changes in oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin (Δ[O2Hb] and Δ[HHb]), tissue oxygenation index (TOI), and total hemoglobin index (nTHI). RESULTS The number of 1-km repetitions achieved by the participants was 5.5 ± 1.2 repetitions at a mean pace of 20.5 ± 0.7 km h-1. Δ[O2Hb] measured at the end of each running repetition declined progressively over the course of the trial (p = 0.01, ES = 4.59). Δ[HHb] increased during each running bout until the end of the Fatigue Training Test (p < 0.001; ES = 6.0). TOI decreased significantly from the beginning of the test (p = 0.013, ES = 1.83), whereas nTHI remained stable (ES = 0.08). The Cox decline in the Fatigue Training Test was negatively correlated with the speed at which the test was completed (p = 0.017; r = -0.61), suggesting that the best performers were able to defend their Cox better than those of lower running ability. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study suggests that elite Kenyan runners cannot defend cerebral oxygenation when forced to exercise to their physiological limits. This emphasises the critical importance of pacing in their racing success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Santos-Concejero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Portal de Lasarte 71, 01007, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. .,UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - F Billaut
- Department of Kinesiology, University Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - L Grobler
- Department of Sport Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - J Oliván
- Department of Physiology, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - T D Noakes
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Tucker
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Eyres I, Duvaux L, Gharbi K, Tucker R, Hopkins D, Simon JC, Ferrari J, Smadja CM, Butlin RK. Targeted re-sequencing confirms the importance of chemosensory genes in aphid host race differentiation. Mol Ecol 2016; 26:43-58. [PMID: 27552184 PMCID: PMC6849616 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Host‐associated races of phytophagous insects provide a model for understanding how adaptation to a new environment can lead to reproductive isolation and speciation, ultimately enabling us to connect barriers to gene flow to adaptive causes of divergence. The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) comprises host races specializing on legume species and provides a unique system for examining the early stages of diversification along a gradient of genetic and associated adaptive divergence. As host choice produces assortative mating, understanding the underlying mechanisms of choice will contribute directly to understanding of speciation. As host choice in the pea aphid is likely mediated by smell and taste, we use capture sequencing and SNP genotyping to test for the role of chemosensory genes in the divergence between eight host plant species across the continuum of differentiation and sampled at multiple locations across western Europe. We show high differentiation of chemosensory loci relative to control loci in a broad set of pea aphid races and localities, using a model‐free approach based on principal component analysis. Olfactory and gustatory receptors form the majority of highly differentiated genes and include loci that were already identified as outliers in a previous study focusing on the three most closely related host races. Consistent indications that chemosensory genes may be good candidates for local adaptation and barriers to gene flow in the pea aphid open the way to further investigations aiming to understand their impact on gene flow and to determine their precise functions in response to host plant metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Eyres
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Alfred Denny Building, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ludovic Duvaux
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Alfred Denny Building, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Karim Gharbi
- Edinburgh Genomics, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel Tucker
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Alfred Denny Building, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David Hopkins
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Alfred Denny Building, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jean-Christophe Simon
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, UMR 1349 IGEPP, Domaine de la Motte, INRA, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Julia Ferrari
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carole M Smadja
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS-IRD-CIRAD-Université de Montpellier), Université de Montpellier, cc065, Place Bataillon, Campus Triolet, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Alfred Denny Building, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kriel Y, Hampson DB, Lambert EV, Tucker R, Albertus Y, Claassen A, Gibson ASC. Visual Stimulus Deprivation and Manipulation of Auditory Timing Signals on Pacing Strategy. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 105:1227-41. [DOI: 10.2466/pms.105.4.1227-1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study the effect of complete visual stimulus deprivation and manipulation of auditory timing signals during this deprivation on pacing strategy during an exercise bout were examined. 7 moderately trained men completed four 40-km cycling time trials under laboratory conditions in either normal light or absolute darkness, with either correct or manipulated auditory timing signals and without any other timing cues. The subjects were told to perform the time trial in the fastest time possible. There was no significant difference among trials for time to perform the trial, power output, heart rate, or ratings of perceived exertion, indicating that brain-control mechanisms responsible for pacing are not affected by manipulation of light or auditory signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kriel
- UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town
| | - D. B. Hampson
- UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town
| | - E. V. Lambert
- UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town
| | - R. Tucker
- UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town
| | - Y. Albertus
- UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town
| | - A. Claassen
- UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tucker R, Piercy RJ, Dixon JJ, Muir CF, Smith KC, Potter KE, Leaman TR, Smith RKW. Arthroscopic treatment for cervical articular process joint osteochondrosis in a Thoroughbred horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Tucker
- Department of Clinical Science and Services Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - R. J. Piercy
- Department of Clinical Science and Services Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - J. J. Dixon
- Department of Clinical Science and Services Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - C. F. Muir
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - K. C. Smith
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - K. E. Potter
- Department of Clinical Science and Services Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - T. R. Leaman
- Chine House Equine Hospital Sileby Leicestershire UK
| | - R. K. W. Smith
- Department of Clinical Science and Services Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mundy N, Stapley J, Bennison C, Tucker R, Twyman H, Kim KW, Burke T, Birkhead T, Andersson S, Slate J. Red Carotenoid Coloration in the Zebra Finch Is Controlled by a Cytochrome P450 Gene Cluster. Curr Biol 2016; 26:1435-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
30
|
Whitlock J, Dixon J, Sherlock C, Tucker R, Bolt DM, Weller R. Technical innovation changes standard radiographic protocols in veterinary medicine: is it necessary to obtain two dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique views of the equine foot when using computerised radiography systems? Vet Rec 2016; 178:531. [PMID: 27114406 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1950s, veterinary practitioners have included two separate dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique (DPr-PaDiO) radiographs as part of a standard series of the equine foot. One image is obtained to visualise the distal phalanx and the other to visualise the navicular bone. However, rapid development of computed radiography and digital radiography and their post-processing capabilities could mean that this practice is no longer required. The aim of this study was to determine differences in perceived image quality between DPr-PaDiO radiographs that were acquired with a computerised radiography system with exposures, centring and collimation recommended for the navicular bone versus images acquired for the distal phalanx but were subsequently manipulated post-acquisition to highlight the navicular bone. Thirty images were presented to four clinicians for quality assessment and graded using a 1-3 scale (1=textbook quality, 2=diagnostic quality, 3=non-diagnostic image). No significant difference in diagnostic quality was found between the original navicular bone images and the manipulated distal phalanx images. This finding suggests that a single DPr-PaDiO image of the distal phalanx is sufficient for an equine foot radiographic series, with appropriate post-processing and manipulation. This change in protocol will result in reduced radiographic study time and decreased patient/personnel radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Whitlock
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - J Dixon
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - C Sherlock
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - R Tucker
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - D M Bolt
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - R Weller
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Santos-Concejero J, Tam N, Coetzee DR, Oliván J, Noakes TD, Tucker R. Are gait characteristics and ground reaction forces related to energy cost of running in elite Kenyan runners? J Sports Sci 2016; 35:531-538. [PMID: 27157507 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1175655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether gait cycle characteristics are associated with running economy in elite Kenyan runners. Fifteen elite Kenyan male runners completed two constant-speed running sets on a treadmill (12 km ·h-1 and 20 km ·h-1). VO2 and respiratory exchange ratio values were measured to calculate steady-state oxygen and energy cost of running. Gait cycle characteristics and ground contact forces were measured at each speed. Oxygen cost of running at different velocities was 192.2 ± 14.7 ml· kg-1· km-1 at 12 km· h-1 and 184.8 ± 9.9 ml· kg-1· km-1 at 20 km· h-1, which corresponded to a caloric cost of running of 0.94 ± 0.07 kcal ·kg-1·km-1 and 0.93 ± 0.07 kcal· kg-1· km-1. We found no significant correlations between oxygen and energy cost of running and biomechanical variables and ground reaction forces at either 12 or 20 km· h-1. However, ground contact times were ~10.0% shorter (very large effect) than in previously published literature in elite runners at similar speeds, alongside an 8.9% lower oxygen cost (very large effect). These results provide evidence to hypothesise that the short ground contact times may contribute to the exceptional running economy of Kenyan runners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Santos-Concejero
- a Department of Physical Education and Sport , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain.,b Division for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - N Tam
- b Division for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - D R Coetzee
- b Division for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - J Oliván
- c Department of Physiology , European University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - T D Noakes
- b Division for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - R Tucker
- b Division for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.,d School of Medicine , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein , South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pamboukian S, Tucker R, Swetz K, Kavalieratos D, Dionne-Odom J, Palmore J, Blood P, Allen K, Bourgeois C, Mancarella G, Kono A, Bakitas M. A National Survey of Palliative Care Services within INTERMACs Centers. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
33
|
Tam N, Wilson JA, Tucker R. The case of barefoot running: Understanding its biomechanical implications; risk of injury and the individual response. J Sci Med Sport 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Runciman P, Tucker R, Ferreira S, Albertus-Kajee Y, Derman W. Paralympic athletes with cerebral palsy display altered pacing strategies in distance-deceived shuttle running trials. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:1239-48. [PMID: 26493357 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated performance and physiology to understand pacing strategies in elite Paralympic athletes with cerebral palsy (CP). Six Paralympic athletes with CP and 13 able-bodied (AB) athletes performed two trials of eight sets of 10 shuttles (total 1600m). One trial was distance-deceived (DEC, 1000 m + 600 m) one trial was nondeceived (N-DEC, 1600 m). Time (s), heart rate (HR, bpm), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE, units), and electromyography of five bilateral muscles (EMG) were recorded for each set of both trials. The CP group ran slower than the AB group, and pacing differences were seen in the CP DEC trial, presenting as a flat pacing profile over the trial (P < 0.05). HR was higher and RPE was lower in the CP group in both trials (P < 0.05). EMG showed small differences between groups, sides, and trials. The present study provides evidence for a possible pacing strategy underlying exercise performance and fatigue in CP. The results of this study show (1) underperformance of the CP group, and (2) altered pacing strategy utilization in the CP group. We proposed that even at high levels of performance, the residual effects of CP may negatively affect performance through selection of conservative pacing strategies during exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Runciman
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - R Tucker
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - S Ferreira
- Department of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Y Albertus-Kajee
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - W Derman
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Olympic Committee Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tucker R, Windley ZE, Abernethy AD, Witte TH, Fiske-Jackson AR, Turner S, Smith LJ, Perkins JD. Radiographic, computed tomographic and surgical anatomy of the equine sphenopalatine sinus in normal and diseased horses. Equine Vet J 2015; 48:578-84. [PMID: 26235828 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Knowledge of imaging anatomy, surgical anatomy and disorders affecting the sphenopalatine sinus are currently lacking. OBJECTIVES To describe the computed tomographic (CT) and surgical anatomy of the sphenopalatine sinus and diagnosis, treatment and outcome in clinical cases with sphenopalatine sinus disease. STUDY DESIGN Cadaver observational study and retrospective case series. METHODS The sphenopalatine sinuses of 10 normal cadaver heads were examined with digital radiography, CT and sinoscopic examination prior to anatomical sectioning. Sphenopalatine sinus anatomy was described and compared between cadaver specimens across the imaging modalities. Medical records (January 2004-2014) of cases diagnosed with sphenopalatine sinus disease were reviewed. RESULTS The anatomy of the sphenopalatine sinus was variable. The borders of the sphenopalatine sinus were not identifiable on plain radiographs, whereas CT provided useful anatomical information. The palatine portion of the sphenopalatine sinus was consistently accessible sinoscopically and the sphenoidal portion was accessible in 6/10 cadaver heads. Fourteen cases of sphenopalatine sinus disease were identified, presenting with one or more clinical signs of exophthalmos, blindness, unilateral epistaxis or unilateral nasal discharge. Diagnoses included neoplasia (7), progressive ethmoidal haematoma (4), sinus cyst (2) and empyema (1). Computed tomography provided diagnostic information but could not differentiate the nature of soft tissue masses. Standing sinoscopic access to the palatine portion of the sphenopalatine sinus was possible for evaluation, biopsy and resection of abnormal soft tissues. Surgical access to the sphenoidal portion was limited. Eight horses were alive at 1 year after diagnosis, with a worse outcome associated with CT evidence of bone loss and a diagnosis of neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS Sphenopalatine sinus disease should be considered a rare cause of the clinical signs described. Knowledge of the anatomical variation of the sphenopalatine sinus is vital for interpreting CT images. A combination of CT and sinoscopy provides the most comprehensive approach for diagnosis and treatment of sphenopalatine sinus disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Z E Windley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - A D Abernethy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - T H Witte
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - A R Fiske-Jackson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - S Turner
- Chine House Veterinary Hospital, Sileby, Leicestershire, UK
| | - L J Smith
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - J D Perkins
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tucker R, Jacklin BD, Gillespie S, Vaughan L, Fiske-Jackson AR, Smith RK. Clinical Research Abstracts of the British Equine Veterinary Association Congress 2015. Equine Vet J 2015; 47 Suppl 48:12. [PMID: 26376086 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12486_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Injury to the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is common in equids, with a high risk of re-injury associated with changes in tendon stiffness. In vivo measurement of limb stiffness has been shown to correlate with tendon stiffness after injury [1] but requires kinematic analysis which is impractical in a clinical setting. We have developed a simple system for measuring limb stiffness statically, which could be used as a tool for monitoring SDFT healing. OBJECTIVES To validate a goniometric measurement of limb stiffness. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional study. METHODS Initially, forelimb stiffness indices were determined at the walk for 6 equids using a validated kinematic analysis [1]. Limb stiffness indices were then calculated using portable floor scales to record ground reaction force (GRF), and an electrogoniometer to record metacarpophalangeal joint angle. Goniometric limb stiffness indices were subsequently measured in 11 horses ranging from 2 to 20 years of age, with no clinical evidence of SDFT injury. Strength and significance of correlation and agreement between the measurement methods was assessed and association between limb stiffness, limb (left vs. right), weight and age of horse and were calculated. RESULTS There were strong positive correlations between GRF and joint angle (R(2) = 0.98) and between the static and kinematic methods (R = 0.78, P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between limb stiffness and weight (R(2) = 0.85, P<0.01), but no association with age or limb. CONCLUSIONS This study validated the measurement of limb stiffness in a clinical setting. The positive correlation of limb stiffness and weight supports the theory of an optimised limb spring [2] for energy-efficient cursorial locomotion which may, in turn, provide a clinically-relevant measure of running efficiency and therefore the quality of tendon healing post injury. Ethical animal research: Owner consent was obtained. SOURCE OF FUNDING None. Competing interests: None declared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Tucker
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - B D Jacklin
- Newmarket Equine Hospital, Cambridge Road, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 0FG, UK
| | - S Gillespie
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - L Vaughan
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - A R Fiske-Jackson
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - R K Smith
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tam N, Tucker R, Astephen Wilson JL, Santos-Concejero J. Effect on Oxygen Cost of Transport from 8-Weeks of Progressive Training with Barefoot Running. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36:1100-5. [PMID: 26332902 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1548888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Popular interest in barefoot running has emerged as a result of its alleged performance and injury prevention benefits. Oxygen cost of transport (COT) improvements from barefoot running, however, remains equivocal. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of an 8-week progressive barefoot training program on COT and associated spatiotemporal variables. 15 male runners participated in this study. Variables such as oxygen uptake, biomechanical and spatiotemporal characteristics of gait, including ground contact (GC) and swing time; stride length and frequency and ankle plantar-dorsiflexion were measured pre- and post-intervention. The COT did not differ between barefoot and shod running either pre- or post-training. Improved barefoot COT (p<0.05) but not shod was found between pre- and post-training. Biomechanical differences between barefoot and shod conditions persisted over the training period. A decrease in barefoot COT was associated with a decrease in GC time (p=0.003, r=0.688) and a small increase in stride frequency (p=0.030; r=0.569). Ground contact time and stride frequency, previously associated with COT, only partly contribute (32% - Stride frequency and 47% - GC time) to a decrease in COT after barefoot training. Thus other physiological and biomechanical variables must influence the improvement in COT after a barefoot training intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Tam
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Tucker
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - J Santos-Concejero
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tucker R, Westwater-Wood S. Constraint induced movement therapy in hemiplegic cerebral palsy: are we ready for a guideline? A Review of the literature. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
39
|
Santos-Concejero J, Billaut F, Grobler L, Oliván J, Noakes TD, Tucker R. Maintained cerebral oxygenation during maximal self-paced exercise in elite Kenyan runners. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:156-62. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00909.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the cerebral oxygenation response to maximal self-paced and incremental exercise in elite Kenyan runners from the Kalenjin tribe. On two separate occasions, 15 elite Kenyan distance runners completed a 5-km time trial (TT) and a peak treadmill speed test (PTS). Changes in cerebral oxygenation were monitored via near-infrared spectroscopy through concentration changes in oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin (Δ[O2Hb] and Δ[HHb]), tissue oxygenation index (TOI), and total hemoglobin index (nTHI). During the 5-km TT (15.2 ± 0.2 min), cerebral oxygenation increased over the first half (increased Δ[O2Hb] and Δ[HHb]) and, thereafter, Δ[O2Hb] remained constant (effect size, ES = 0.33, small effect), whereas Δ[HHb] increased until the end of the trial ( P < 0.05, ES = 3.13, large effect). In contrast, during the PTS, from the speed corresponding to the second ventilatory threshold, Δ[O2Hb] decreased ( P < 0.05, ES = 1.51, large effect), whereas Δ[HHb] continued to increase progressively until exhaustion ( P < 0.05, ES = 1.22, large effect). Last, the TOI was higher during the PTS than during the 5-km TT ( P < 0.001, ES = 3.08; very large effect), whereas nTHI values were lower ( P < 0.001, ES = 2.36, large effect). This study shows that Kenyan runners from the Kalenjin tribe are able to maintain their cerebral oxygenation within a stable range during a self-paced maximal 5-km time trial, but not during an incremental maximal test. This may contribute to their long-distance running success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Santos-Concejero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - F. Billaut
- Department of Kinesiology, University Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - L. Grobler
- Department of Sport Science, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; and
| | - J. Oliván
- Department of Physiology, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - T. D. Noakes
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R. Tucker
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Stoll
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology; University of London; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - R. Tucker
- Clinical Science and Services; Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - T. H. Witte
- Clinical Science and Services; Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - K. C. Smith
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology; University of London; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chow BDW, Reardon JR, Perry EO, Laforce-Nesbitt SS, Tucker R, Bliss JM. Expressed Breast Milk as a Predictor of Neonatal Yeast Colonization in an Intensive Care Setting. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2014; 3:213-20. [PMID: 26625384 PMCID: PMC6366660 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/pit090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeast colonization is a predictor for invasive infection in neonates. Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis are leading causes of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in this population. This study examines maternal breast milk as a predictor of colonization of infants with yeast. METHODS Inclusion criteria were admission longer than 72 hours to the neonatal intensive care unit and parental consent. Cultures of expressed breast milk, when available, and swabs from oral, rectal, and inguinal sites were obtained weekly for 12 weeks, or until discharge, transfer, or death. Cultures were analyzed using standard laboratory methods. Clinical information was extracted from medical records. RESULTS One hundred thirty infants were enrolled from February 2011 to November 2012. Cultures were obtained in 129 patients. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) gestational age was 34.4 weeks (33.1-37.1 weeks). The median (IQR) birth weight was 2157.5 g (1740-3060 g). No infants developed IFIs. Twenty-nine (22%) infants were colonized with yeast. Potential correlates for colonization in univariate analysis included exposure to antenatal steroids, postnatal antibiotics, and receipt of breast milk containing yeast. Potential correlates that remained after multivariable logistic regression included exposure to antenatal steroids and receipt of breast milk containing yeast. In cases in which yeast was recovered from an individual infant and from the breast milk received by that infant, there was only 30% concordance between yeast species. DISCUSSION Recovery of yeast from breast milk is associated with colonization with yeast in the neonate. Because Candida transmission via breast milk had a 30% concordance, breast milk is only one of several ways colonization occurs. Further study is needed on mechanisms of colonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. D. W. Chow
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island,Corresponding Author: Joseph M. Bliss, MD, PhD, Women & Infants Hospital,
101 Dudley St, Providence, RI 02905. E-mail:
| | | | | | - S. S. Laforce-Nesbitt
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence
| | - R. Tucker
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence
| | - J. M. Bliss
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Santos-Concejero J, Tucker R, Myburgh KH, Essen-Gustavsson B, Kohn TA. Greater performance impairment of black runners than white runners when running in hypoxia. Int J Sports Med 2014; 35:809-16. [PMID: 24577858 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the response of performance-matched black and white runners during maximal and sub-maximal running in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. 14 well-trained runners (8 black, 6 white) performed 2 incremental maximal exercise tests and 2 fatigue resistance tests at 21% O2 (normoxia) or 14% O2 (hypoxia). Respiratory parameters, heart rate (HR), lactate concentration ([La(-)]) as well as arterial saturation (SpO2) were measured. Enzyme activities and myosin heavy chain content (MHC) were also measured. White runners reached a significantly greater peak treadmill speed and a higher HRmax than black runners in hypoxia (p<0.05). Additionally, White runners achieved a greater time to fatigue than black runners (p<0.05), with black runners displaying a greater decline in performance in hypoxia compared to normoxia (20.3% vs. 13.4%, black vs. white, respectively). However, black runners presented lower [La(-)] and higher SpO2 than white runners in hypoxia (p<0.05). Black runners had a higher proportion of MHC IIa and higher lactate dehydrogenase activity (p<0.05). The greater performance impairment observed in black runners in hypoxia suggests a greater performance sensitivity to this condition, despite the maintenance of physiological variables such as SpO2 and [La (-) ] within a smaller range than white runners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Santos-Concejero
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Tucker
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K H Myburgh
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - B Essen-Gustavsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T A Kohn
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tucker R, Farhall J, Thomas N, Groot C, Rossell SL. An examination of auditory processing and affective prosody in relatives of patients with auditory hallucinations. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:531. [PMID: 24046737 PMCID: PMC3764330 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) indicates that AVH schizophrenia patients show greater abnormalities on tasks requiring recognition of affective prosody (AP) than non-AVH patients. Detecting AP requires accurate perception of manipulations in pitch, amplitude and duration. Schizophrenia patients with AVHs also experience difficulty detecting these acoustic manipulations; with a number of theorists speculating that difficulties in pitch, amplitude and duration discrimination underlie AP abnormalities. This study examined whether both AP and these aspects of auditory processing are also impaired in first degree relatives of persons with AVHs. It also examined whether pitch, amplitude and duration discrimination were related to AP, and to hallucination proneness. Unaffected relatives of AVH schizophrenia patients (N = 19) and matched healthy controls (N = 33) were compared using tone discrimination tasks, an AP task, and clinical measures. Relatives were slower at identifying emotions on the AP task (p = 0.002), with secondary analysis showing this was especially so for happy (p = 0.014) and neutral (p = 0.001) sentences. There was a significant interaction effect for pitch between tone deviation level and group (p = 0.019), and relatives performed worse than controls on amplitude discrimination and duration discrimination. AP performance for happy and neutral sentences was significantly correlated with amplitude perception. Lastly, AVH proneness in the entire sample was significantly correlated with pitch discrimination (r = 0.44) and pitch perception was shown to predict AVH proneness in the sample (p = 0.005). These results suggest basic impairments in auditory processing are present in relatives of AVH patients; they potentially underlie processing speed in AP tasks, and predict AVH proneness. This indicates auditory processing deficits may be a core feature of AVHs in schizophrenia, and are worthy of further study as a potential endophenotype for AVHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tucker
- School of Psychological Sciences, La Trobe University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bristol RM, Tucker R, Dawson DA, Horsburgh G, Prys-Jones RP, Frantz AC, Krupa A, Shah NJ, Burke T, Groombridge JJ. Comparison of historical bottleneck effects and genetic consequences of re-introduction in a critically endangered island passerine. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:4644-62. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Bristol
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology; School of Anthropology and Conservation; University of Kent; Marlowe Building Canterbury CT2 7NR UK
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Western Bank; Alfred Denny Building Sheffield South Yorkshire S20 2TN UK
| | - Rachel Tucker
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology; School of Anthropology and Conservation; University of Kent; Marlowe Building Canterbury CT2 7NR UK
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Western Bank; Alfred Denny Building Sheffield South Yorkshire S20 2TN UK
- Imperial College London; Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK
| | - Deborah A. Dawson
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Western Bank; Alfred Denny Building Sheffield South Yorkshire S20 2TN UK
| | - Gavin Horsburgh
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Western Bank; Alfred Denny Building Sheffield South Yorkshire S20 2TN UK
| | - Robert P. Prys-Jones
- Bird Group; Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; Akeman St Tring Herts HP23 6AP UK
| | - Alain C. Frantz
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Western Bank; Alfred Denny Building Sheffield South Yorkshire S20 2TN UK
| | - Andy Krupa
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Western Bank; Alfred Denny Building Sheffield South Yorkshire S20 2TN UK
| | - Nirmal J. Shah
- Nature Seychelles; Centre for Environment and Education; Roche Caiman PO Box 1310 Mahé Seychelles
| | - Terry Burke
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Western Bank; Alfred Denny Building Sheffield South Yorkshire S20 2TN UK
| | - Jim J. Groombridge
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology; School of Anthropology and Conservation; University of Kent; Marlowe Building Canterbury CT2 7NR UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lin WY, Brock IW, Connley D, Cramp H, Tucker R, Slate J, Reed MWR, Balasubramanian SP, Cannon-Albright LA, Camp NJ, Cox A. Associations of ATR and CHEK1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68578. [PMID: 23844225 PMCID: PMC3700940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage and replication checkpoints mediated by the ATR-CHEK1 pathway are key to the maintenance of genome stability, and both ATR and CHEK1 have been proposed as potential breast cancer susceptibility genes. Many novel variants recently identified by the large resequencing projects have not yet been thoroughly tested in genome-wide association studies for breast cancer susceptibility. We therefore used a tagging SNP (tagSNP) approach based on recent SNP data available from the 1000 genomes projects, to investigate the roles of ATR and CHEK1 in breast cancer risk and survival. ATR and CHEK1 tagSNPs were genotyped in the Sheffield Breast Cancer Study (SBCS; 1011 cases and 1024 controls) using Illumina GoldenGate assays. Untyped SNPs were imputed using IMPUTE2, and associations between genotype and breast cancer risk and survival were evaluated using logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression models respectively on a per allele basis. Significant associations were further examined in a meta-analysis of published data or confirmed in the Utah Breast Cancer Study (UBCS). The most significant associations for breast cancer risk in SBCS came from rs6805118 in ATR (p=7.6 x 10(-5)) and rs2155388 in CHEK1 (p=3.1 x 10(-6)), but neither remained significant after meta-analysis with other studies. However, meta-analysis of published data revealed a weak association between the ATR SNP rs1802904 (minor allele frequency is 12%) and breast cancer risk, with a summary odds ratio (confidence interval) of 0.90 (0.83-0.98) [p=0.0185] for the minor allele. Further replication of this SNP in larger studies is warranted since it is located in the target region of 2 microRNAs. No evidence of any survival effects of ATR or CHEK1 SNPs were identified. We conclude that common alleles of ATR and CHEK1 are not implicated in breast cancer risk or survival, but we cannot exclude effects of rare alleles and of common alleles with very small effect sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Lin
- Institute for Cancer Studies, Department of Oncology, CRUK/YCR Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ian W. Brock
- Institute for Cancer Studies, Department of Oncology, CRUK/YCR Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Connley
- Institute for Cancer Studies, Department of Oncology, CRUK/YCR Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Cramp
- Institute for Cancer Studies, Department of Oncology, CRUK/YCR Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Tucker
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Slate
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm W. R. Reed
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, CRUK/YCR Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sabapathy P. Balasubramanian
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, CRUK/YCR Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa A. Cannon-Albright
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Nicola J. Camp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Angela Cox
- Institute for Cancer Studies, Department of Oncology, CRUK/YCR Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cillán-García E, Milner PI, Talbot A, Tucker R, Hendey F, Boswell J, Reardon RJM, Taylor SE. Deep digital flexor tendon injury within the hoof capsule; does lesion type or location predict prognosis? Vet Rec 2013; 173:70. [PMID: 23736518 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The type and location of deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) lesions may be important in predicting outcome. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of different types of DDFT lesions within the hoof capsule and to determine whether lesion type predicts return to athletic activity. Lesions of the DDFT were divided into: core lesions, dorsal border lesions and parasagittal splits. Lesion location was documented, and follow-up information was obtained by telephone survey at least 18 months after diagnosis. Of 168 horses with primary DDFT injury, 54 horses had dorsal border lesions, 59 had parasagittal splits and 55 had core lesions. Twenty-five per cent of all horses returned to previous levels of athletic activity within 18 months of MRI evaluation. Horses with complete splits or core lesions of the DDFT were significantly less likely to return to some level of athletic activity than horses with dorsal border lesions P<0.001. Dorsal border lesions of the DDFT appear to have a better prognosis than core lesions or parasagittal splits. This study provides additional information that may help clinicians predict the prognosis for different types of DDFT injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Cillán-García
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Samarasekera E, Sawyer L, Wonderling D, Tucker R, Smith C. Topical therapies for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: systematic review and network meta-analyses. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:954-67. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E.J. Samarasekera
- National Clinical Guideline Centre; Royal College of Physicians of London; 11 St Andrews Place; London; NW1 4LE; U.K
| | - L. Sawyer
- Symmetron Ltd; Kinetic Centre; Theobald St, Borehamwood; WD6 4PJ; U.K
| | - D. Wonderling
- National Clinical Guideline Centre; Royal College of Physicians of London; 11 St Andrews Place; London; NW1 4LE; U.K
| | - R. Tucker
- Faculty of Health and Social Care; University of Hull; Hull; HU6 7RX; U.K
| | - C.H. Smith
- Division of Medicine and Molecular Genetics; St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's Hospital; London; SE1 9RT; U.K
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Brown EA, Pilkington JG, Nussey DH, Watt KA, Hayward AD, Tucker R, Graham AL, Paterson S, Beraldi D, Pemberton JM, Slate J. Detecting genes for variation in parasite burden and immunological traits in a wild population: testing the candidate gene approach. Mol Ecol 2012; 22:757-73. [PMID: 22998224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the genes underlying phenotypic variation in natural populations can provide novel insight into the evolutionary process. The candidate gene approach has been applied to studies of a number of traits in various species, in an attempt to elucidate their genetic basis. Here, we test the application of the candidate gene approach to identify the loci involved in variation in gastrointestinal parasite burden, a complex trait likely to be controlled by many loci, in a wild population of Soay sheep. A comprehensive literature review, Gene Ontology databases, and comparative genomics resources between cattle and sheep were used to generate a list of candidate genes. In a pilot study, these candidates, along with 50 random genes, were then sequenced in two pools of Soay sheep; one with low gastrointestinal nematode burden and the other high, using a NimbleGen sequence capture experiment. Further candidates were identified from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were highly differentiated between high- and low-resistance sheep breeds. A panel of 192 candidate and control SNPs were then typed in 960 individual Soay sheep to examine whether they individually explained variation in parasite burden, as measured as faecal egg count, as well as two immune measures (Teladorsagia circumcincta-specific antibodies and antinuclear antibodies). The cumulative effect of the candidate and control SNPs were estimated by fitting genetic relationship matrices (GRMs) as random effects in animal models of the three traits. No more significant SNPs were identified in the pilot sequencing experiment and association study than expected by chance. Furthermore, no significant difference was found between the proportions of candidate or control SNPs that were found to be significantly associated with parasite burden/immune measures. No significant effect of the candidate or control gene GRMs was found. There is thus little support for the candidate gene approach to the identification of loci explaining variation in parasitological and immunological traits in this population. However, a number of SNPs explained significant variation in multiple traits and significant correlations were found between the proportions of variance explained by individual SNPs across multiple traits. The significant SNPs identified in this study may still, therefore, merit further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Brown
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sagan C, Veverka J, Fox P, Dubisch R, French R, Gierasch P, Quam L, Lederberg J, Levinthal E, Tucker R, Eross B, Pollack JB. Variable features on Mars, 2, Mariner 9 global results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb078i020p04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
50
|
Hoffman JI, Tucker R, Bridgett SJ, Clark MS, Forcada J, Slate J. Rates of assay success and genotyping error when single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping in non-model organisms: a case study in the Antarctic fur seal. Mol Ecol Resour 2012; 12:861-72. [PMID: 22727236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2012.03158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are increasingly being recognized as powerful molecular markers, their application to non-model organisms can bring significant challenges. Among these are imperfect conversion rates of assays designed from in silico resources and the enhanced potential for genotyping error relative to pre-validated, highly optimized human SNPs. To explore these issues, we used Illumina's GoldenGate assay to genotype 480 Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) individuals at 144 putative SNPs derived from a 454 transcriptome assembly. One hundred and thirty-five polymorphic SNPs (93.8%) were automatically validated by the program GenomeStudio, and the initial genotyping error rate, estimated from nine replicate samples, was 0.004 per reaction. However, an almost tenfold further reduction in the error rate was achieved by excluding 31 loci (21.5%) that exhibited unclear clustering patterns, manually editing clusters to allow rescoring of ambiguous or incorrect genotypes, and excluding 18 samples (3.8%) with unreliable genotypes. After stringent quality filtering, we also found a counter-intuitive negative relationship between in silico minor allele frequency and the conversion rate, suggesting that some of our assays may have been designed from paralogous loci. Nevertheless, we obtained over 45 000 individual SNP genotypes with a final error rate of 0.0005, indicating that the GoldenGate assay is eminently capable of generating large, high-quality data sets for non-model organisms. This has positive implications for future studies of the evolutionary, behavioural and conservation genetics of natural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J I Hoffman
- Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|