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Morcrette CJ, Van Weverberg K, Ma HY, Ahlgrimm M, Bazile E, Berg LK, Cheng A, Cheruy F, Cole J, Forbes R, Gustafson WI, Huang M, Lee WS, Liu Y, Mellul L, Merryfield WJ, Qian Y, Roehrig R, Wang YC, Xie S, Xu KM, Zhang C, Klein S, Petch J. Introduction to CAUSES: Description of Weather and Climate Models and Their Near-Surface Temperature Errors in 5 day Hindcasts Near the Southern Great Plains. J Geophys Res Atmos 2018; 123:2655-2683. [PMID: 33479573 PMCID: PMC7816730 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the Clouds Above the United States and Errors at the Surface (CAUSES) project with its aim of better understanding the physical processes leading to warm screen temperature biases over the American Midwest in many numerical models. In this first of four companion papers, 11 different models, from nine institutes, perform a series of 5 day hindcasts, each initialized from reanalyses. After describing the common experimental protocol and detailing each model configuration, a gridded temperature data set is derived from observations and used to show that all the models have a warm bias over parts of the Midwest. Additionally, a strong diurnal cycle in the screen temperature bias is found in most models. In some models the bias is largest around midday, while in others it is largest during the night. At the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains (SGP) site, the model biases are shown to extend several kilometers into the atmosphere. Finally, to provide context for the companion papers, in which observations from the SGP site are used to evaluate the different processes contributing to errors there, it is shown that there are numerous locations across the Midwest where the diurnal cycle of the error is highly correlated with the diurnal cycle of the error at SGP. This suggests that conclusions drawn from detailed evaluation of models using instruments located at SGP will be representative of errors that are prevalent over a larger spatial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - H-Y Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - M Ahlgrimm
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
| | - E Bazile
- CNRM, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - L K Berg
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - A Cheng
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - F Cheruy
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France
| | - J Cole
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R Forbes
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
| | - W I Gustafson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - M Huang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - W-S Lee
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Y Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - L Mellul
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France
| | - W J Merryfield
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Y Qian
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - R Roehrig
- CNRM, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - S Xie
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - K-M Xu
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - S Klein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
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Lenz N, Roehrig R, Menges T, Mueller M, Padberg W, Mann V, Hirschburger M. Application of Continuous Wound-Infusion Catheters in Lung Transplantation: A Retrospective Data Analysis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 65:403-409. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung transplantation is the only treatment option for many patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. Therefore, postthoracotomy pain therapy is of vital interest. Thoracic epidural analgesia (EPI) is the “gold standard” for postthoracotomy pain, but especially in lung transplantation contraindications, and potential infectious complications limit its advantages. Under these circumstances surgically placed postthoracotomy catheter-assisted continuous paravertebral intercostal nerve block (PVB) could be of advantage.
Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent lung transplantation between 2005 and 2012. Groups were defined according to the type of postoperative pain therapy: PVB, EPI, and SYS (systemic analgesia). Total 44 patients were eligible.
Results Postoperative opioid requirement of the PVB and EPI group was comparable and less than that of the SYS group. Patients of the PVB group were weaned earlier from mechanical ventilation after lung transplantation.
Conclusion The potency of postoperative pain therapy of EPI and PVB seemed to be comparable and superior to SYS. Considering the risks and benefits, PVB could be a better choice than EPI for postthoracotomy pain therapy, especially in lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Lenz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rainer Roehrig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Medical Informatics, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Menges
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Mueller
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Winfried Padberg
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Valesco Mann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Hirschburger
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Worms, Worms, Germany
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Holler JPN, Schmitz J, Roehrig R, Wilker S, Hecker A, Padberg W, Grau V. Expression of peptide YY by human blood leukocytes. Peptides 2014; 58:78-82. [PMID: 24969624 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Peptide YY is produced by L cells in the mucosa of the distal ileum, colon, and rectum and may have systemic and paracrine functions. We hypothesized that peptide YY is expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression of peptide YY mRNA and peptide by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and differentiated THP-1 cells after lipopolysaccharide treatment as an in vitro model of inflammation. Blood was drawn by venipuncture from 18- to 63-year-old healthy male blood donors (n=63); peptide YY mRNA expression levels were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all healthy male subjects. In 3 subjects, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured for 3 and 24h and peptide YY was detected in the cell culture supernatant. In human monocytic THP-1 cells treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate to induce differentiation to macrophages, treatment with lipopolysaccharide caused down-regulation of peptide YY mRNA levels. In summary, freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy humans expressed peptide YY. In vitro data suggested that peptide YY expression is down-regulated by differentiation of monocytes to macrophages and proinflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pia Natascha Holler
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgen-Str. 10-12, D-35385 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgen-Str. 10-12, D-35385 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Rainer Roehrig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Bucheim-Straße 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Sigrid Wilker
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgen-Str. 10-12, D-35385 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hecker
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgen-Str. 10-12, D-35385 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Winfried Padberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgen-Str. 10-12, D-35385 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Veronika Grau
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgen-Str. 10-12, D-35385 Giessen, Germany.
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