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Unnikrishnan G, Ilzhöfer P, Scholz A, Hölzl C, Götzelmann A, Gupta RK, Zhao J, Krauter J, Weber S, Makki N, Büchler HP, Pfau T, Meinert F. Coherent Control of the Fine-Structure Qubit in a Single Alkaline-Earth Atom. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:150606. [PMID: 38682979 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.150606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
We report on the first realization of a novel neutral atom qubit encoded in the spin-orbit coupled metastable states ^{3}P_{0} and ^{3}P_{2} of a single ^{88}Sr atom trapped in an optical tweezer. Raman coupling of the qubit states promises rapid single-qubit rotations on par with the fast Rydberg-mediated two-body gates. We demonstrate preparation, readout, and coherent control of the qubit. In addition to driving Rabi oscillations bridging an energy gap of more than 17 THz using a pair of phase-locked clock lasers, we also carry out Ramsey spectroscopy to extract the transverse qubit coherence time T_{2}. When the tweezer is tuned into magic trapping conditions, which is achieved in our setup by tuning the tensor polarizability of the ^{3}P_{2} state via an external control magnetic field, we measure T_{2}=1.2 ms. A microscopic quantum mechanical model is used to simulate our experiments including dominant noise sources. We identify the main constraints limiting the observed coherence time and project improvements to our system in the immediate future. Our Letter opens the door for a so-far-unexplored qubit encoding concept for neutral atom-based quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Unnikrishnan
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Ilzhöfer
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Scholz
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Hölzl
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Götzelmann
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R K Gupta
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Zhao
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Krauter
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Weber
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - N Makki
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H P Büchler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Meinert
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Yadav P, Singh RP, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Santoyo G, Kumar A, Gupta RK. Enhancing Biocrust Development and Plant Growth through Inoculation of Desiccation-Tolerant Cyanobacteria in Different Textured Soils. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2507. [PMID: 37894165 PMCID: PMC10609203 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a burgeoning interest in the utilization of cyanobacteria for the purpose of land rehabilitation via enhancements in soil fertility, prevent erosion, and counter desertification. This study evaluated the ability of Nostoc calcicola BOT1, Scytonema sp. BOT2, and their consortia to form biocrusts on the substrate of coarse sand, fine sand, and loamy soil. A nutrient- and water-deficient substrate was inoculated with cyanobacteria to facilitate biocrust formation and evaluate their impact on agriculture. Cyanobacteria inoculation resulted in significant improvements in soil fertility, especially in coarse and fine sand, which initially had the lowest fertility. The findings of this investigation underscore that the consortium of cyanobacteria exhibited greater efficacy than individual strains in enhancing soil fertility and stimulating plant growth. The loamy soil treated with the consortium had the highest plant growth across all soil types, in contrast to the individual strains. The consortium of cyanobacteria showed promising results in promoting biocrust formation and fostering rice seedling growth in fine sand. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the potential utility of cyanobacterial consortia as a valuable tool for the rehabilitation of degraded land. Furthermore, the results indicate that cyanobacterial species can persist in soil environments even following prolonged periods of desiccation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Yadav
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (P.Y.); (R.P.S.)
| | - Rahul Prasad Singh
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (P.Y.); (R.P.S.)
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.)
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.F.A.)
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (G.S.)
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (P.Y.); (R.P.S.)
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Singh RP, Yadav P, Kumar A, Hashem A, Avila-Quezada GD, Abd_Allah EF, Gupta RK. Salinity-Induced Physiochemical Alterations to Enhance Lipid Content in Oleaginous Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 via Two-Stage Cultivation for Biodiesel Feedstock. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2064. [PMID: 37630624 PMCID: PMC10459255 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent past, various microalgae have been considered a renewable energy source for biofuel production, and their amount and extent can be enhanced by applying certain types of stress including salinity. Although microalgae growing under salinity stress result in a higher lipid content, they simultaneously reduce in growth and biomass output. To resolve this issue, the physiochemical changes in microalgae Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 have been assessed through two-stage cultivation. In stage-I, the maximum carbohydrate and lipid contents (39.55 and 34.10%) were found at a 0.4 M NaCl concentration, while in stage-II, the maximum carbohydrate and lipid contents (42.16 and 38.10%) were obtained in the 8-day-old culture. However, under increased salinity, Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 exhibited a decrease in photosynthetic attributes, including Chl-a, Chl-b, Fv/Fm, Y(II), Y(NPQ), NPQ, qP, qL, qN, and ETRmax but increased Y(NO) and carotenoids content. Apart from physiological attributes, osmoprotectants, stress biomarkers, and nonenzymatic antioxidants were also studied to elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitated lipid synthesis. Furthermore, elemental and mineral ion analysis of microalgal biomass was performed to evaluate the biomass quality for biofuel and cell homeostasis. Based on fluorometry analysis, we found the maximum neutral lipids in the 8-day-old grown culture at stage-II in Scenedesmus sp. BHU1. Furthermore, the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analyses confirmed the presence of higher levels of hydrocarbons and triacylglycerides (TAGs) composed of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in the 8-day-old culture. Therefore, Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 can be a promising microalga for potential biodiesel feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Prasad Singh
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (R.P.S.); (P.Y.)
| | - Priya Yadav
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (R.P.S.); (P.Y.)
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rajan Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (R.P.S.); (P.Y.)
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Yadav P, Singh RP, Alodaini HA, Hatamleh AA, Santoyo G, Kumar A, Gupta RK. Impact of dehydration on the physiochemical properties of Nostoc calcicola BOT1 and its untargeted metabolic profiling through UHPLC-HRMS. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1147390. [PMID: 37426961 PMCID: PMC10327440 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1147390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The global population growth has led to a higher demand for food production, necessitating improvements in agricultural productivity. However, abiotic and biotic stresses pose significant challenges, reducing crop yields and impacting economic and social welfare. Drought, in particular, severely constrains agriculture, resulting in unproductive soil, reduced farmland, and jeopardized food security. Recently, the role of cyanobacteria from soil biocrusts in rehabilitating degraded land has gained attention due to their ability to enhance soil fertility and prevent erosion. The present study focused on Nostoc calcicola BOT1, an aquatic, diazotrophic cyanobacterial strain collected from an agricultural field at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The aim was to investigate the effects of different dehydration treatments, specifically air drying (AD) and desiccator drying (DD) at various time intervals, on the physicochemical properties of N. calcicola BOT1. The impact of dehydration was assessed by analyzing the photosynthetic efficiency, pigments, biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, osmoprotectants), stress biomarkers, and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Furthermore, an analysis of the metabolic profiles of 96-hour DD and control mats was conducted using UHPLC-HRMS. Notably, there was a significant decrease in amino acid levels, while phenolic content, fatty acids, and lipids increased. These changes in metabolic activity during dehydration highlighted the presence of metabolite pools that contribute to the physiological and biochemical adjustments of N. calcicola BOT1, mitigating the impact of dehydration to some extent. Overall, present study demonstrated the accumulation of biochemical and non-enzymatic antioxidants in dehydrated mats, which could be utilized to stabilize unfavorable environmental conditions. Additionally, the strain N. calcicola BOT1 holds promise as a biofertilizer for semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Yadav
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rahul Prasad Singh
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Ashraf Atef Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Mathur P, Udawat P, Mathur P, Ramrakhiani D, Mathur SK, Sitaraman S, Gupta RK, Sultania S, Gupta R. Antiviral Therapy in Cytomegalovirus-Associated Biliary Atresia. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:732. [PMID: 35258790 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Mathur
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priyanka Udawat
- Institute of Digestive & Liver Care, S. L. Raheja Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Pediatric Medicine, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India
| | - Priyanshu Mathur
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dilip Ramrakhiani
- Department of GI & Liver Pathology, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandeep K Mathur
- Department of Endocrinology & Molecular Genetic Research Lab, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - S Sitaraman
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - R K Gupta
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Saurav Sultania
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Reshu Gupta
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India.
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Singh RP, Yadav P, Kumar A, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Abd Allah EF, Rodríguez Dorantes A, Gupta RK. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Bicarbonate Supplementation on Biomass and Lipid Content of Green Algae Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 Isolated From Wastewater for Renewable Biofuel Feedstock. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:839800. [PMID: 35444634 PMCID: PMC9015788 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.839800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, different microalgae were isolated from wastewater environment and evaluated for higher growth and lipid accumulation. The growth adaptability of all the isolated microalgae were tested for carbon source with supplementation of sodium bicarbonate in BG-11 N+ medium. Further based on the uptake rate of sodium bicarbonate and growth behavior, microalgal strains were selected for biofuel feedstock. During the study, growth parameters of all the isolates were screened after supplementation with various carbon sources, in which strain Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 was found highly effective among all. The efficacy of Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 strain under different sodium bicarbonate (4–20 mM) concentration, in which higher growth 1.4 times greater than control was observed at the concentration 12 mM sodium bicarbonate. In addition, total chlorophyll content (Chl-a + Chl-b), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm, Y(II), ETR max, and NPQmax), and biomass productivity were found to be 11.514 μg/ml, 0.673, 0.675, and 31.167 μmol electrons m−2 s−1, 1.399, 59.167 mg/L/day, respectively, at the 12 mM sodium bicarbonate. However, under optimum sodium bicarbonate supplementation, 56.920% carbohydrate and 34.693% lipid content were accumulated, which showed potential of sodium bicarbonate supplementation in renewable biofuel feedstock by using Scenedesmus sp. BHU1 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Prasad Singh
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priya Yadav
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rajan Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory of Algal Research, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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S J S, Mishra S, Dutta K, Gupta RK, V M. Frequency dependence of dielectric permittivity and conductivity of functionalized carbon nanotube-nematic liquid crystal nanocomposite. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kumar A, Manjuladevi V, Gupta RK. Refractive index of graphene AA and AB stacked bilayers under the influence of relative planar twisting. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 34:015302. [PMID: 34614485 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2d5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of graphene in monolayer and bilayer structure is essential for the development of optical devices viz surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based bio-sensors. The band structure of the twisted bilayer graphene (BLG) is remarkably different than the normal AA or AB stacking. This provides an opportunity to control the optical and electrical properties of BLG by applying an in-plane twist to one of the layer relative to other in a BLG system. Here, we calculated the refractive index (RI) of AA and AB stacking of BLG system using density functional theory. Though the spectrum for AA stacking shows some similarity with that of monolayer graphene, the spectrum for AB stacking was found to be remarkably different. The spectrum of AB stacked layer is red-shifted and the absorption peaks in low energy regime increases nearly by three-folds. A large dependency of the twist angle on RI of twisted BLG were found. Based on the calculation, a schematic of phase diagram showing material behavior of such twisted BLG systems as a function of twist angle and photon energy was constructed. The twisted AA stacked BLG shows largely dielectric behavior whereas the twisted AB stacked BLG shows predominately semimetallic and semiconducting behavior. This study presents a RI landscape of twisted BLG dependent on important parameters viz photon energy and inplane relative twist angle. Our studies will be very useful for the design and development of optical devices employing BLG systems particularly SPR based bio-sensors which essentially measures change in RI due to adsorption of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Kumar
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), 333031, India
| | - V Manjuladevi
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), 333031, India
| | - R K Gupta
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), 333031, India
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Pandey M, George MP, Gupta RK, Gusain D, Dwivedi A. Impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown and unlock down phases on the ambient air quality of Delhi, capital city of India. Urban Clim 2021; 39:100945. [PMID: 34377634 PMCID: PMC8339501 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with the impact of the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 on the ambient air quality in the capital city of India. Real-time data were collected from eight continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations measuring important air quality parameters (NO2, PM10 and PM2.5). Results revealed that the city's air quality had improved significantly during the lockdown period due to COVID-19 outbreak. The concentration of gaseous and particulate matter during the lockdown period (March-May 2020) declined significantly compared with the preceding years' data from the same timeframe. However, the ambient air quality deteriorates with the onset of unlocking phases and post-monsoon season (October 2020). Higher concentration of NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 were recorded at industrial (S1 and S2) and hotspot (S4 and S5) sites. The lowest concentrations of studied pollutants were observed during the first phase of lockdown (March 24 - May 14, 2020). The present study, once again, establishes the direct effect of anthropogenic activities and deteriorating ambient air quality of Delhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Pandey
- Department of Environmental Studies, P.G.D.A.V. College (Evening), University of Delhi, Ring Road, Nehru Nagar, Delhi 110065, India
| | - M P George
- Air Laboratory Delhi Pollution Control Committee Fourth Floor, ISBT Building, Kashmere Gate, Delhi 110006, India
| | - R K Gupta
- P.G.D.A.V. College (Evening), University of Delhi, Ring Road, Nehru Nagar, Delhi 110065, India
| | - Deepak Gusain
- Department of Environmental Studies, P.G.D.A.V. College (Evening), University of Delhi, Ring Road, Nehru Nagar, Delhi 110065, India
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Soni A, Gupta RK, Raghav M, Masih GD, Bansal P. Comparison of Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Graft, Semitendinosus-Gracilis Graft and Semitendinosus-Gracilis with Preserved Tibial Insertion Graft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Sports Persons. Malays Orthop J 2021; 15:12-17. [PMID: 34429817 PMCID: PMC8381676 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2107.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) and semitendinosus-gracilis (STG) are the commonest grafts used for ACL reconstruction. However even after having been debated for years, there is no consensus about the ideal graft. Moreover, the literature is deficient about STG graft with preserved tibial insertion (STGPI) which preserves the proprioception. Our aim is to compare the outcome of BPTB, free STG and STGPI grafts after ACL reconstruction in professional sports persons. We compared the outcome in terms of mechanical stability, functional outcome, return to sports activity and degenerative changes. Material and Methods Professional sports persons aged between 16-50 years operated for ACL tear using BPTB, free STG and STGPI grafts with minimum follow-up of two years were identified from hospital records. Patients with associated knee injuries were excluded. Patients, divided in three groups according to graft used, were compared in terms of mechanical stability (arthrometric examination KT-1000 score), functional outcome (Lysholm Score), return to sports activity (Tegner score and difference in thigh circumference) and degenerative changes (KL grading). Results BPTB graft group was found to be better than free STG and STGPI graft groups in terms of KT-1000 score. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of Lysholm score, Tegner score, difference in thigh circumference and KL grading. Conclusion BPTB graft is better than free STG and STGPI grafts in terms of knee stability. When compared for patient reported outcome, return to sports activity, osteoarthritic changes and graft failure there is no significant difference among the three types of grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - R K Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - M Raghav
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - G D Masih
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Bansal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Gupta RK, Vajpayee S, Agrawal R, Goyal AK, Nair NP, Thiyagarajan V. Post Vaccination Epidemiology and Genotyping of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis at a Tertiary Care Centre of North-East Rajasthan. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:90-96. [PMID: 33247377 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the proportion of rotavirus diarrhea among hospitalized children aged under-five years, to determine the circulating rotavirus genotypes and to know impact rotavirus vaccine on prevalence and severity of rotavirus diarrhea. METHODS This study was a hospital based cross-sectional observational study conducted over a period of 29 mo (September 2017 through January 2020). Stool samples were collected from children who fall within the age range of 0-59 mo with acute diarrhea attending emergency or needing admission. Stool samples were tested for rotavirus by the enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) and genotyped using published methods. RESULTS Out of 1480 samples, 360 (24.32%) cases were positive for rotavirus by ELISA, majority of them were male (62.97%). Maximum rotavirus positivity was found in the age group of <11 mo (55.27%). Statistically significance difference was seen in episodes of diarrhea and experience of vomiting in rotavirus diarrhea cases. Highest prevalence has been seen during winter season. The most prevalent G and P type combinations were G3P [8] strains [122 (34.08%)], G2P [4] [83 (23.18%)], G1P [8] [27 (7.54%)] and G9P [4] [20 (5.59%)]. Mixed strains contribute a significant proportion of stool sample. CONCLUSIONS Rotavirus is an important cause of diarrhea in hospitalized children. There is continued circulation of G9 and G12 strains and the emergence of G3P [8] as most common strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gupta
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shailja Vajpayee
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ruchi Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Alok Kumar Goyal
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Nayana P Nair
- Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kumawat KC, Sharma P, Nagpal S, Gupta RK, Sirari A, Nair RM, Bindumadhava H, Singh S. Dual Microbial Inoculation, a Game Changer? - Bacterial Biostimulants With Multifunctional Growth Promoting Traits to Mitigate Salinity Stress in Spring Mungbean. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:600576. [PMID: 33584566 PMCID: PMC7874087 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.600576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbes play a vital role in improving plant growth, soil health, ameliorate biotic/abiotic stress and enhance crop productivity. The present study was aimed to investigate a coordinated effect of compatible consortium [salt tolerating Rhizobium and rhizobacterium with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase] in enhancing plant growth promoting (PGP) traits, symbiotic efficiency, nutrient acquisition, anti-oxidative enzymes, grain yield and associated profitability in spring mungbean. We identified a non-pathogenic compatible Rhizobium sp. LSMR-32 (MH644039.1) and Enterococcus mundtii LSMRS-3 (MH644178.1) from salt affected areas of Punjab, India and the same were assessed to develop consortium biofertilizer based on salt tolerance, multifarious PGP traits, antagonistic defense activities and presence of nifH, acds, pqq, and ipdc genes. Indole Acetic acid (IAA), P-solubilization, biofilm formation, exo-polysaccharides, siderophore, salt tolerance, ACC deaminase activities were all found highly significant in dual inoculant (LSMR-32 + LSMRS-3) treatment compared to LSMR-32 alone. Under saline soil conditions, dual inoculant showed a higher seed germination, plant height, biomass, chlorophyll content and macro and micro-nutrient uptake, than un-inoculated control. However, symbiotic (nodulation, nodule biomass and leghaemoglobin content) and soil quality parameters (phosphatase and soil dehydrogenase enzymes) increased numerically with LSMR-32 + LSMRS-3 over Rhizobium sp. LSMR-32 alone. Dual bacterial inoculation (LSMR-32 + LSMRS-3) increased the proline content (2.05 fold), anti-oxidative enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (1.50 fold), catalase (1.43 fold) and peroxidase (3.88 folds) in contrast to control treatment. Decreased Na+ accumulation and increased K+ uptake resulted in favorable K+/Na+ ratio through ion homeostasis. Co-inoculation of Rhizobium sp. LSMR-32 and Enterococcus mundtii LSMRS-3 significantly improved the grain yield by 8.92% and led to superior B: C ratio over Rhizobium sp. alone under salt stress. To best of our knowledge this is perhaps the first field report from Indian soils that largely describes dual inoculation of Rhizobium sp. LSMR-32 and Enterococcus mundtii LSMRS-3 and the same can be considered as a game-changer approach to simultaneously induce salt tolerance and improve productivity in spring mungbean under saline stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sharon Nagpal
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - R K Gupta
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Asmita Sirari
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | | | | | - Sudeep Singh
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Bathinda, India
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Yadav PK, Gupta RK, Choubey AK, Ali S, Goutam UK, Modi MH. Carbon removal from a mirror-like gold surface by UV light, RF plasma, and IR laser exposure: a comparative study. Appl Opt 2021; 60:89-97. [PMID: 33362083 DOI: 10.1364/ao.400508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A decrease in photon intensity due to carbon contamination on optical elements is a serious issue in synchrotron radiation (SR) beamlines. Photon intensity can be regained by refurbishment of optical elements using suitable techniques. In the literature, three suitable techniques [radio frequency (RF) plasma, ultraviolet (UV) radiation (λ=172nm), and infrared (IR) laser (λ=1064nm) exposure] are reported to remove carbon contaminations from optical elements. These techniques are used independently to remove carbon, and, to the best of our knowledge, no systematic study is available on their relative efficiencies and effects on a mirror surface. We have applied these techniques independently for removal of carbon contamination from a gold surface, and detailed surface characterizations are carried out using soft x-ray reflectivity, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy techniques. Characterization results suggest that all three techniques are capable of removing carbon contamination with certain limitations. Here, detailed relative effects on a gold surface after cleaning experiments with three techniques are discussed.
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14
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Kemp SA, Collier DA, Datir R, Ferreira I, Gayed S, Jahun A, Hosmillo M, Rees-Spear C, Mlcochova P, Lumb IU, Roberts DJ, Chandra A, Temperton N, Sharrocks K, Blane E, Briggs J, van GM, Smith K, Bradley JR, Smith C, Doffinger R, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Barcenas-Morales G, Pollock DD, Goldstein RA, Smielewska A, Skittrall JP, Gouliouris T, Goodfellow IG, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Illingworth C, McCoy LE, Gupta RK. Neutralising antibodies in Spike mediated SARS-CoV-2 adaptation. medRxiv 2020:2020.12.05.20241927. [PMID: 33398302 PMCID: PMC7781345 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.05.20241927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein is critical for virus infection via engagement of ACE2, and amino acid variation in Spike is increasingly appreciated. Given both vaccines and therapeutics are designed around Wuhan-1 Spike, this raises the theoretical possibility of virus escape, particularly in immunocompromised individuals where prolonged viral replication occurs. Here we report chronic SARS-CoV-2 with reduced sensitivity to neutralising antibodies in an immune suppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma, generating whole genome ultradeep sequences by both short and long read technologies over 23 time points spanning 101 days. Although little change was observed in the overall viral population structure following two courses of remdesivir over the first 57 days, N501Y in Spike was transiently detected at day 55 and V157L in RdRp emerged. However, following convalescent plasma we observed large, dynamic virus population shifts, with the emergence of a dominant viral strain bearing D796H in S2 and ΔH69/ΔV70 in the S1 N-terminal domain NTD of the Spike protein. As passively transferred serum antibodies diminished, viruses with the escape genotype diminished in frequency, before returning during a final, unsuccessful course of convalescent plasma. In vitro, the Spike escape double mutant bearing ΔH69/ΔV70 and D796H conferred decreased sensitivity to convalescent plasma, whilst maintaining infectivity similar to wild type. D796H appeared to be the main contributor to decreased susceptibility, but incurred an infectivity defect. The ΔH69/ΔV70 single mutant had two-fold higher infectivity compared to wild type and appeared to compensate for the reduced infectivity of D796H. Consistent with the observed mutations being outside the RBD, monoclonal antibodies targeting the RBD were not impacted by either or both mutations, but a non RBD binding monoclonal antibody was less potent against ΔH69/ΔV70 and the double mutant. These data reveal strong selection on SARS-CoV-2 during convalescent plasma therapy associated with emergence of viral variants with reduced susceptibility to neutralising antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kemp
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - D A Collier
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Datir
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iatm Ferreira
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Gayed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Jahun
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - M Hosmillo
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - C Rees-Spear
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Mlcochova
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ines Ushiro Lumb
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford and BRC Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, UK
| | - David J Roberts
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford and BRC Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Anita Chandra
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, UK
| | - K Sharrocks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Blane
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jag Briggs
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gils Mj van
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kgc Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Smith
- Department of Virology, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust
| | - R Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrookes Hospital
| | - L Ceron-Gutierrez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrookes Hospital
| | - G Barcenas-Morales
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrookes Hospital
| | - D D Pollock
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - R A Goldstein
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Smielewska
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
- Department of Virology, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust
| | - J P Skittrall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, UK
- Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Addenbrookes' Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Gouliouris
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - I G Goodfellow
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - E Gkrania-Klotsas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cjr Illingworth
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - L E McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - R K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
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Taneja P, Manjuladevi V, Gupta RK, Kumar S, Gupta KK. Facile ultrathin film of silver nanoparticles for bacteria sensing. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 196:111335. [PMID: 32927339 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit excellent anti-microbial and bactericidal properties. Due to bacterial abhorrence for AgNPs, it is difficult to develop a label-free, sensitive and low-cost bacteria sensor using them. In the present article, we report that an ultrathin and uniform Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) film of AgNPs can be employed for bacteria sensing effectively as compared to that of non-uniform and randomly distributed AgNPs in spin coated film. The uniformly distributed AgNPs in the LS film offer a relatively larger contact surface for bacteria as compared to that of spin coated film. Due to higher contact surface, adsorption of the bacteria on LS film is strongly preferable as compared to that of spin coated film leading to an enhanced sensing performance of the LS film than that of spin coated film. Soil bacteria was grown by the standard protocol and were utilized as model system for bacteria sensing application. The soil bacteria sensing was done by monitoring the piezoresponse and dissipation parameters using a quartz crystal microbalance, simultaneously. Our study indicates that the LS film of AgNPs not only facilitates the adsorption of the soil bacteria but also kills them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Taneja
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - V Manjuladevi
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - R K Gupta
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore 560080, India; Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - K K Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Rajasthan 333031, India
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Joshi A, Manjuladevi V, Gupta RK, Kumar S. Morphological transformation in the supramolecular assembly of discotic liquid crystal molecules using silver nanoparticles and its sensing application. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:365605. [PMID: 32422619 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab93eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Triphenylene based discotic liquid crystal (TP) molecules are rich in π-electrons which facilitate π-stacking interaction of the molcules leading to formation of one dimensional nanowires. These nanowires can assemble to form nanoribbons due to a lateral cohesive force among the nanowires. The flat nanoribons undergo a morphological transformation due to incorporation of silver nanoparticles (SNP) into the matrix of TP molecules. The presence of SNP induces a chiral twisting to the nanoribbons and therefore the flat nanoribbons transform into a helical nanoribbon structure. The global chiral structure exhibited by the composition of achiral constituents is due to the creation of topological defects like disclination and dislocation. These defects can lead to a geometrical frustration in the nanoribbons which relaxes with the formation of twisted helical nanoribbons. A minor change in morphology of the supramolecular assembly can have a remarkable effect on the physicochemical properties of the nanoribbons. In this article, we demonstrate that even a minor change in the geometry of aliphatic chains on the surface of nanoribbons can be employed for sensing organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol. The sensing was performed at room temperature. Relative humidity has no effect on the sensing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Joshi
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Rajasthan, 333031, India
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17
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Gregson J, Rhee SY, Datir R, Pillay D, Perno CF, Derache A, Shafer RS, Gupta RK. Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Viral Load Is Elevated in Individuals With Reverse-Transcriptase Mutation M184V/I During Virological Failure of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Is Associated With Compensatory Mutation L74I. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:1108-1116. [PMID: 31774913 PMCID: PMC7459140 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND M184V/I cause high-level lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC) resistance and increased tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) susceptibility. Nonetheless, 3TC and FTC (collectively referred to as XTC) appear to retain modest activity against human immunodeficiency virus-1 with these mutations possibly as a result of reduced replication capacity. In this study, we determined how M184V/I impacts virus load (VL) in patients failing therapy on a TDF/XTC plus nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing regimen. METHODS We compared VL in the absence and presence of M184V/I across studies using random effects meta-analysis. The effect of mutations on virus reverse-transcriptase activity and infectiousness was analyzed in vitro. RESULTS M184I/V was present in 817 (56.5%) of 1445 individuals with virologic failure (VF). Virus load was similar in individuals with or without M184I/V (difference in log10 VL, 0.18; 95% confidence interval, .05-.31). CD4 count was lower both at initiation of antiretroviral therapy and at VF in participants who went on to develop M184V/I. L74I was present in 10.2% of persons with M184V/I but absent in persons without M184V/I (P < .0001). In vitro, L74I compensated for defective replication of M184V-mutated virus. CONCLUSIONS Virus loads were similar in persons with and without M184V/I during VF on a TDF/XTC/NNRTI-containing regimen. Therefore, we did not find evidence for a benefit of XTC in the context of first-line failure on this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gregson
- Department of Biostatistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Y Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - R Datir
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Pillay
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - C F Perno
- Department of Oncology and Haematoncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Derache
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - R S Shafer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - R K Gupta
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Datir R, El Bouzidi K, Dakum P, Ndembi N, Gupta RK. Baseline PI susceptibility by HIV-1 Gag-protease phenotyping and subsequent virological suppression with PI-based second-line ART in Nigeria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:1402-1407. [PMID: 30726945 PMCID: PMC6477990 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous work showed that gag-protease-derived phenotypic susceptibility to PIs differed between HIV-1 subtype CRF02_AG/subtype G-infected patients who went on to successfully suppress viral replication versus those who experienced virological failure of lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy as first-line treatment in a clinical trial. We analysed the relationship between PI susceptibility and outcome of second-line ART in Nigeria, where subtypes CRF02_AG/G dominate the epidemic. Methods Individuals who experienced second-line failure with ritonavir-boosted PI-based ART were matched (by subtype, sex, age, viral load, duration of treatment and baseline CD4 count) to those who achieved virological response (‘successes’). Successes were defined by viral load <400 copies of HIV-1 RNA/mL by week 48. Full-length Gag-protease was amplified from patient samples for in vitro phenotypic susceptibility testing, with PI susceptibility expressed as IC50 fold change (FC) relative to a subtype B reference strain. Results The median (IQR) lopinavir IC50 FC was 4.04 (2.49–7.89) for virological failures and 4.13 (3.14–8.17) for virological successes (P = 0.94). One patient had an FC >10 for lopinavir at baseline and experienced subsequent virological failure with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir as the PI. There was no statistically significant difference in single-round replication efficiency between the two groups (P = 0.93). There was a moderate correlation between single-round replication efficiency and FC for lopinavir (correlation coefficient 0.32). Conclusions We found no impact of baseline HIV-1 Gag-protease-derived phenotypic susceptibility on outcomes of PI-based second-line ART in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Datir
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - K El Bouzidi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Dakum
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - N Ndembi
- Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - R K Gupta
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.,Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Majumdar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - R K Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
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20
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Gupta RK, Khiyani R, Majumdar KP, Potalia R. Cubitus Valgus with Tardy Ulnar Nerve Palsy - Functional Outcome of Milch Osteotomy without Anterior Transposition of Ulnar Nerve. Malays Orthop J 2020; 14:120-125. [PMID: 32983386 PMCID: PMC7513644 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2007.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To assess the results of Milch osteotomy in terms of deformity correction and functional outcome in the absence of ulnar nerve transposition. Material and Methods: Nine patients with cubitus valgus deformity greater than 20° with tardy ulnar nerve palsy (TUNP) operated between 2012 and 2017 were evaluated. Correction by Milch osteotomy and fixation was done in each case, without osteosynthesis of the non-union lateral condyle humerus or transposition of the ulnar nerve. At one year post-operatively, carrying angle, elbow function (Mayo Elbow Performance Score) and ulnar nerve symptoms were assessed. Results: The mean carrying angle pre-operatively was 30.8° on the affected side which improved to a mean of 8.3° postoperatively with an average correction of 22.5°. The mean elbow flexion pre-operatively was 129.4° which improved to 133.3° post-operatively. The mean preoperative MEP score was 76.7 which improved to a mean of 92.2 post-operatively (p < 0.01). TUNP recovered completely in all the patients. Conclusion: Milch osteotomy is an effective procedure for cubitus valgus deformity correction and its associated tardy ulnar nerve palsy without a decrease in elbow ROM. Correction of even severe valgus deformities without concurrent anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve is likely to improve ulnar nerve symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - R Khiyani
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - K P Majumdar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - R Potalia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
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Guragain D, Zequine C, Poudel T, Neupane D, Gupta RK, Mishra SR. Facile Synthesis of Bio-Templated Tubular Co₃O₄ Microstructure and Its Electrochemical Performance in Aqueous Electrolytes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2020; 20:3182-3194. [PMID: 31635663 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Template-assisted facile synthesis of tubular Co₃O₄ microstructures and its electrochemical performance was studied to understand its use as a potential electrode material for supercapacitors. Tubular porous Co₃O₄ microstructures were synthesized using cotton fibers as bio-template. The as-obtained templated Co₃O₄ structure inherits the morphology and microstructure of cotton fiber. The electrochemical performance of the electrode made up of tubular Co₃O₄ structure was evaluated in 3 M KOH, NaOH, and LiOH aqueous electrolytes. The large-surface-area of tubular Co₃O₄ microstructure has a noticeable pseudocapacitive performance with a capacitance of 401 F/g at 1 A/g and 828 F/g at 2 mV/s, a Coulombic efficiency averaging ~100%, and excellent cycling stability with capacitance retention of about 80% after 5,000 cycles. Overall, the tubular Co₃O₄ microstructure displayed superior electrochemical performance in 3 M KOH electrolyte with peak power density reaching 5,500 W/kg and energy density exceeding 22 Wh/kg. The superior performance of tubular Co₃O₄ microstructure electrode is attributed to its high surface area and adequate pore volume distribution, which allows effective redox reaction and diffusion of hydrated ions. The facile synthesis method can be adapted for preparing various metal oxide microstructures for possible applications in catalysis, electrochemical, sensors, and fuel cells applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Guragain
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis 38152, TN, USA
| | - C Zequine
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg 66762, KS, USA
| | - T Poudel
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis 38152, TN, USA
| | - D Neupane
- Department of Engineering Technology, The University of Memphis, Memphis 38152, TN, USA
| | - R K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg 66762, KS, USA
| | - S R Mishra
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis 38152, TN, USA
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Guragain D, Zequine C, Poudel T, Neupane D, Gupta RK, Mishra SR. Influence of Urea on the Synthesis of NiCo₂O₄ Nanostructure: Morphological and Electrochemical Studies. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2020; 20:2526-2537. [PMID: 31492272 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of miniature electronic devices calls for energy-dense storage strategies. The supercapacitor-based energy storage devices with high areal capacitance are desired energy storage alternative. It is still a challenge to fabricate supercapacitor-based energy devices with consistent performance. The porous metal oxides with large areal capacitance are desired materials for electrode, but there exists a limited understanding of the influence of synthesis parameters on microstructural properties, which largely govern their electrochemical performance. In the present work, hierarchal spinel nickel cobaltite (NiCo₂O₄) nanostructures were synthesized in the presence of the varying amount of hydrolyzing agent via a simple hydrothermal method coupled with a simple post-annealing process. This work focuses on understanding the influence of hydrolyzing agent in controlling the microstructure and hence ensuing electrochemical properties of the NiCo₂O₄ based electrode. Based on the urea hydrolyzing content, the as synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanostructure varied from the rod, plate to nanoflower. The mesoporous nanostructures, with urea content 1.49 gm, exhibit a sizeable BJH surface area (79.2 m² g-1) and high mesopore volume (0.140 cm³ g-1). Remarkably, the NiCo₂O₄ nanoflower shows high specific capacitance of 3143.451 F/g at 2 mV/s scan rate, 1264.5 F/g at 1 A/g current density, energy density of 56 Wh/kg and power density of 8,400 W/kg in 3 M KOH electrolyte. The capacitance loss after 5000 cycles is 48% at the current density of 10 A/g, indicating their excellent cycling stability. The impressive electrocatalytic activity is largely ascribed to the high intrinsic electronic conductivity, superior mesoporous nanostructures and rich surface Ni active species of the NiCo₂O₄ materials, which can largely boost the interfacial electroactive sites and charge transfer rates indicating promising applications as electrodes in future supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Guragain
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - C Zequine
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - T Poudel
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - D Neupane
- Engineering Technology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - R K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - S R Mishra
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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23
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Ooi MB, Li Z, Robison RK, Wang D, Anderson AG, Zwart NR, Bakhru A, Nagaraj S, Mathews T, Hey S, Koonen JJ, Dimitrov IE, Friel HT, Lu Q, Obara M, Saha I, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Temkit M, Hu HH, Chenevert TL, Togao O, Tkach JA, Nagaraj UD, Pinho MC, Gupta RK, Small JE, Kunst MM, Karis JP, Andre JB, Miller JH, Pinter NK, Pipe JG. Spiral T1 Spin-Echo for Routine Postcontrast Brain MRI Exams: A Multicenter Multireader Clinical Evaluation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:238-245. [PMID: 32029467 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spiral MR imaging has several advantages compared with Cartesian MR imaging that can be leveraged for added clinical value. A multicenter multireader study was designed to compare spiral with standard-of-care Cartesian postcontrast structural brain MR imaging on the basis of relative performance in 10 metrics of image quality, artifact prevalence, and diagnostic benefit. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven clinical sites acquired 88 total subjects. For each subject, sites acquired 2 postcontrast MR imaging scans: a spiral 2D T1 spin-echo, and 1 of 4 routine Cartesian 2D T1 spin-echo/TSE scans (fully sampled spin-echo at 3T, 1.5T, partial Fourier, TSE). The spiral acquisition matched the Cartesian scan for scan time, geometry, and contrast. Nine neuroradiologists independently reviewed each subject, with the matching pair of spiral and Cartesian scans compared side-by-side, and scored on 10 image-quality metrics (5-point Likert scale) focused on intracranial assessment. The Wilcoxon signed rank test evaluated relative performance of spiral versus Cartesian, while the Kruskal-Wallis test assessed interprotocol differences. RESULTS Spiral was superior to Cartesian in 7 of 10 metrics (flow artifact mitigation, SNR, GM/WM contrast, image sharpness, lesion conspicuity, preference for diagnosing abnormal enhancement, and overall intracranial image quality), comparable in 1 of 10 metrics (motion artifacts), and inferior in 2 of 10 metrics (susceptibility artifacts, overall extracranial image quality) related to magnetic susceptibility (P < .05). Interprotocol comparison confirmed relatively higher SNR and GM/WM contrast for partial Fourier and TSE protocol groups, respectively (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Spiral 2D T1 spin-echo for routine structural brain MR imaging is feasible in the clinic with conventional scanners and was preferred by neuroradiologists for overall postcontrast intracranial evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Ooi
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - Z Li
- Gainesville, Florida; Barrow Neurological Institute (Z.L., A.G.A., N.R.Z., J.P.K.)
| | - R K Robison
- Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.K.R., M.T., H.H.H., J.H.M.)
| | - D Wang
- Phoenix, Arizona; Mayo Clinic (D.W., J.G.P.)
| | - A G Anderson
- Gainesville, Florida; Barrow Neurological Institute (Z.L., A.G.A., N.R.Z., J.P.K.)
| | - N R Zwart
- Gainesville, Florida; Barrow Neurological Institute (Z.L., A.G.A., N.R.Z., J.P.K.)
| | - A Bakhru
- Buffalo, New York; Philips Healthcare (A.B., S.N., T.M.)
| | - S Nagaraj
- Buffalo, New York; Philips Healthcare (A.B., S.N., T.M.)
| | - T Mathews
- Buffalo, New York; Philips Healthcare (A.B., S.N., T.M.)
| | - S Hey
- Bangalore, India; Philips Healthcare, (S.H., J.J.K.), Best, the Netherlands
| | - J J Koonen
- Bangalore, India; Philips Healthcare, (S.H., J.J.K.), Best, the Netherlands
| | - I E Dimitrov
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - H T Friel
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - Q Lu
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - M Obara
- Philips Healthcare (M.O.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - I Saha
- Philips Healthcare (I.S.), Gurgaon, India
| | - H Wang
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - Y Wang
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - Y Zhao
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - M Temkit
- Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.K.R., M.T., H.H.H., J.H.M.)
| | - H H Hu
- Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.K.R., M.T., H.H.H., J.H.M.)
| | - T L Chenevert
- University of Michigan (T.L.C.), Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - O Togao
- Kyushu University Hospital (O.T.), Kyushu, Japan
| | - J A Tkach
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital (J.A.T., U.D.N.), Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - U D Nagaraj
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital (J.A.T., U.D.N.), Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - M C Pinho
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (M.C.P.), Dallas, Texas
| | - R K Gupta
- Fortis Memorial Research Institute (R.K.G.), Gurgaon, India
| | - J E Small
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center (J.E.S., M.M.K.), Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - M M Kunst
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center (J.E.S., M.M.K.), Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - J P Karis
- Gainesville, Florida; Barrow Neurological Institute (Z.L., A.G.A., N.R.Z., J.P.K.)
| | - J B Andre
- University of Washington (J.B.A.), Seattle, Washington
| | - J H Miller
- Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.K.R., M.T., H.H.H., J.H.M.)
| | - N K Pinter
- Phoenix, Arizona; DENT Neurologic Institute (N.K.P.)
| | - J G Pipe
- Phoenix, Arizona; Mayo Clinic (D.W., J.G.P.)
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Abstract
The rising prevalence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) could threaten gains made in combating the HIV epidemic and compromise the 90-90-90 target proposed by United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) to have achieved virological suppression in 90% of all persons receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) by the year 2020. HIVDR has implications for the persistence of HIV, the selection of current and future ART drug regimens, and strategies of vaccine and cure development. Focusing on drug classes that are in clinical use, this Review critically summarizes what is known about the mechanisms the virus utilizes to escape drug control. Armed with this knowledge, strategies to limit the expansion of HIVDR are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Collier
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Monit
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - R K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Abstract
Background The upper aerodigestive tract (UAT) includes the nose and paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and salivary glands. Cancers of the UAT constitute approximately 4% of all malignancies. In this study, the varied nature of the UAT cancers was studied to find out their incidence, etiology, and clinicopathological correlations. Materials and Methods This prospective, observational, and clinicopathological study was conducted on 100 patients who were presented at outdoor in the Department of ENT, Government Medical College/Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India, from October 2016 to October 2018. Proven cases of UAT cancers were taken up and reviewed to gather data on multiple clinicopathological variables, such as age, sex, predisposing factors, and site of pathology. Histopathological differentiation was noted after conducting a biopsy. Results Most patients of UAT cancers were in the age group of 40-70 years. Maximum incidence was among males (82%) compared to females (28%). The most common predisposing factor was alcohol + smoking (28%), followed by alcohol + chewing tobacco (25%). The most common symptom in the oral cavity was ulcer and odynophagia (38%) each. In oropharyngeal cancers, dysphagia (92%) was the most common symptom. In laryngeal cancers, dyspnea (68%) and hoarseness of voice (32%) were the most common. The most common site involved in UAT cancers was the oral cavity (31%), followed by oropharynx (28%), larynx (22%), hypopharynx (7%), and salivary gland (5%). The most common histopathological type was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (90%). Most of the ulceroproliferative and exophytic growth was moderately differentiated SCC on histopathology. Conclusion Studies are essential for education and awareness aimed at reducing exposure to habit-forming substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kaur
- Department of ENT, Government Medical College and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - M Singh
- Department of ENT, Government Medical College and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - M Kaur
- Department of ENT, Government Medical College and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - B Singh
- Department of ENT, Government Medical College and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - R K Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India
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26
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Rai H, Gupta RK. Biogenic fabrication, characterization, and assessment of antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles of a high altitude Himalayan lichen - Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. Trop Plant Res 2019. [DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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27
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Winter JR, Adamu AL, Gupta RK, Stagg HR, Delpech V, Abubakar I. Tuberculosis infection and disease in people living with HIV in countries with low tuberculosis incidence. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:713-722. [PMID: 29914596 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In countries with low tuberculosis (TB) incidence, TB is concentrated in vulnerable populations, including people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), who have a substantially greater risk of TB than people without HIV. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science for studies evaluating the risk factors for latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) or active TB in PLHIV in countries with TB incidence 10 per 100 000 population. Due to the number of risk factors evaluated and heterogeneity in study designs, we present summary data and a narrative synthesis. We included 45 studies: 17 reported data on the risk factors for LTBI and 32 on active TB. Black, Asian or Hispanic ethnicity, birth or long-term residence in a country with high TB incidence, and HIV acquisition via injecting drug use (IDU) or heterosexual sex were strong predictors of both LTBI and active TB. History of contact, a greater degree of immunosuppression at diagnosis or higher viral load increased the TB risk. Early HIV diagnosis to allow timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy is essential for the prevention of TB in PLHIV. Screening and treating PLHIV for LTBI to reduce the risk of progression to active TB disease should also be considered to further reduce the burden of active TB in low TB incidence settings. Research to support the expansion of TB and HIV prevention and treatment globally is essential to eliminate TB in low-incidence settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Winter
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
| | - A L Adamu
- Department of Community Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - R K Gupta
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
| | - H R Stagg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
| | - V Delpech
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - I Abubakar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
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28
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Ghimire M, Bhoyate S, Gupta RK, Shen X, Perez F, Alam J, Mishra SR. Physical Properties and Theoretical Study of Ni xCo 3-xO₄ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) Nanostructures as High-Performance Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2019; 19:4481-4494. [PMID: 30913739 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Study evaluates the electrochemical performance of off-stoichiometric NixCo3-xO₄ compounds. The off-stoichiometric samples were prepared via hydrothermal technique by systematically varying Co/Ni molar ratio. Physical and electrochemical properties of NixCo3-xO₄ were observed to be stoichiometry dependent. The increase in Ni/Co ratio in NixCo3-xO₄ leads to the morphological transformation from fibrous bundles to urchin like nanospheres with a concomitant increase in the surface area reaching up to 132 m2/g. The optimal specific capacitance of 225 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g and 524 F/g at 10 mV/s scan rate was observed of x 1.0 sample, with an increased retention capacity ∼120% measured at 2 A/g current density. The hybrid density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the electronic density of states identified Ni1.0Co₂O₄ with optimal band-gap of 2.38 eV with an expectation of displaying higher electrocapacitive performance. Experimentally, Ni0.92Co2.08O₄ displayed superior electrocapacitive performance among all Ni/Co ratio in NixCo3-xO₄. The DFT study also predicted Ni preference to the octahedral site, which is in-line with the observed increase in ferromagnetic nature, decreased lattice parameter, and increased structural disorder with increasing Ni/Co ratio. The improved electrochemical performance of NixCo3-xO₄ (x > 0) is attributed to the mesoporous hierarchical structure, with a high electroactive surface which can effectively improve structural stability, and reduce the ionic and electron diffusion length. Compared to the pure Co₃O₄, the reduction of Co content in NixCo3-xO₄ is desired due to the high cost and toxicity of Co element.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghimire
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - S Bhoyate
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - R K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - X Shen
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - F Perez
- Integrated Microscopy Center, IMC, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - J Alam
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - S R Mishra
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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29
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Shereena EA, Gupta RK, Bennett CN, Sagar KJV, Rajeswaran J. EEG Neurofeedback Training in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cognitive and Behavioral Outcome Study. Clin EEG Neurosci 2019; 50:242-255. [PMID: 30453757 DOI: 10.1177/1550059418813034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent childhood disorder with symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. EEG neurofeedback training (NFT) is a new intervention modality based on operant conditioning of brain activity, which helps reduce symptoms of ADHD in children. METHODS AND PROCEDURES To examine the efficacy of NFT in children with ADHD, an experimental longitudinal design with pre-post comparison was adopted. A total of 30 children in the age range of 6 to 12 years diagnosed as ADHD with or without comorbid conditions were assigned to treatment group (TG; n = 15) and treatment as usual group (TAU; n = 15). TG received EEG-NFT along with routine clinical management and TAU received routine clinical management alone. Forty sessions of theta/beta NFT at the C3 scalp location, 3 to 4 sessions in a week for a period of 3.5 to 5 months were given to children in TG. Children were screened using sociodemographic data and Binet-Kamat test of intelligence. Pre-and postassessment tools were neuropsychological tests and behavioral scales. Follow-up was carried out on 8 children in TG using parent-rated behavioral measures. RESULTS Improvement was reported in TG on cognitive functions (sustained attention, verbal working memory, and response inhibition), parent- and teacher-rated behavior problems and on academic performance rated by teachers. Follow-up of children who received NFT showed sustained improvement in ADHD symptoms when assessed 6 months after receiving NFT. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that NFT is an effective method to enhance cognitive deficits and helps reduce ADHD symptoms and behavior problems. Consequently, academic performance was found to be improved in children with ADHD. Improvement in ADHD symptoms induced by NFT were maintained at 6-month follow-up in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Shereena
- 1 National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R K Gupta
- 1 National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - C N Bennett
- 2 Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K J V Sagar
- 1 National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - J Rajeswaran
- 1 National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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30
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Gupta RK, Lipman M, Story A, Hayward A, de Vries G, van Hest R, Erkens C, Rangaka MX, Abubakar I. Active case finding and treatment adherence in risk groups in the tuberculosis pre-elimination era. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:479-487. [PMID: 29663951 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerable populations, including homeless persons, high-risk drug and alcohol users, prison inmates and other marginalised populations, contribute a disproportionate burden of tuberculosis (TB) cases in low-incidence settings. Drivers of this disease burden include an increased risk of both TB transmission in congregate settings, and progression from infection to active disease. Late diagnosis and poor treatment completion further propagate the epidemic and fuel the acquisition of drug resistance. These groups are therefore a major priority for TB control programmes in low-incidence settings. Targeted strategies include active case finding (ACF) initiatives and interventions to improve treatment completion, both of which should be tailored to local populations. ACF usually deploys mobile X-ray unit screening, which allows sensitive, high-throughput screening with immediate availability of results. Such initiatives have been found to be effective and cost-effective, and associated with reductions in proxy measures of transmission in hard-to-reach groups. The addition of point-of-care molecular diagnostics and automated X-ray readers may further streamline the screening pathway. There is little evidence to support interventions to improve adherence among these risk groups. Such approaches include enhanced case management and directly observed treatment, while video-observed therapy (currently under evaluation) appears to be a promising tool for the future. Integrating outreach services to include both case detection and case-management interventions that share a resource infrastructure may allow cost-effectiveness to be maximised. Integrating screening and treatment for other diseases that are prevalent among targeted risk groups into TB outreach interventions may further improve cost-effectiveness. This article reviews the existing literature, and highlights priorities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gupta
- Institute for Global Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - M Lipman
- UCL-TB and UCL Respiratory, UCL, London, Royal Free London National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Story
- Find & Treat, UCL Hospitals, London, UK
| | - A Hayward
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, UCL, London, UK
| | - G de Vries
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - R van Hest
- Department of Tuberculosis Control, Regional Public Health Service Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Erkens
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - M X Rangaka
- Institute for Global Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - I Abubakar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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31
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Bala M, Arun Kumar TV, Tushir S, Nanda SK, Gupta RK. Quality protein maize based muffins: influence of non-gluten proteins on batter and muffin characteristics. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:713-723. [PMID: 30906029 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Quality protein maize (QPM) is nutritionally improved maize which has twice the amount of lysine and tryptophan than normal maize. The present study evaluated the effect of different proteins namely egg white proteins (EWP), casein, whey protein isolate, soy protein isolate (SPI) on characteristics of gluten free QPM based muffins. QPM muffins without any added protein served as control and muffins prepared using wheat and EWP served as reference. Effect of addition of different proteins on pasting properties revealed that the thermal stability of QPM flour increased as indicated by decrease in breakdown viscosity. The effect of added proteins on QPM muffin-making properties was evaluated for rheology of batter and physicochemical, texture, color and sensory characteristics of muffins. Dynamic rheology showed that storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″) of batter with SPI was the highest while batter with EWP showed lowest value. QPM-EWP muffins were softer, chewy and springier and had more specific volume than control muffins and were comparable to reference muffins. Inclusion of all proteins increased L* values (lightness) and decreased a* (redness/greenness) and b* (yellow/blueness) values of QPM based muffins. Sensory analysis revealed that gluten free QPM muffin prepared from EWP were acceptable with a sensory score of 7.97 which was comparable to reference muffins (8.03).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Bala
- 1ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004 India
| | - T V Arun Kumar
- 2ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Surya Tushir
- 1ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004 India
| | - S K Nanda
- 1ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004 India
| | - R K Gupta
- 3Mahatma Gandhi Institute for Rural Industrialization, Wardha, Maharashtra 442 001 India
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32
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Ahmed N, Flavell S, Ferns B, Frampton D, Edwards SG, Miller RF, Grant P, Nastouli E, Gupta RK. Development of the R263K Mutation to Dolutegravir in an HIV-1 Subtype D Virus Harboring 3 Class-Drug Resistance. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 6:ofy329. [PMID: 30648124 PMCID: PMC6329901 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dolutegravir (DTG), a second-generation integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI), is equivalent or superior to current non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), and first-generation INSTI-based antiretroviral regimens (ARVs). It has the potential to make big improvements in HIV control globally and within patients. This is perhaps the most "precious" HIV drug available. The integrase mutation R263K has been observed in tissue culture experiments and in patients treated with dolutegravir monotherapy in clinical trials. Globally, adherence and monitoring may be less than optimal and therefore DTG resistance more common. This is particularly important in low-middle-income countries, where patients may remain on failing regimens for longer periods of time and accumulate drug resistance. Data on this mutation in non-subtype B infections do not exist. We describe the first report of the R263K integrase mutation in a dolutegravir-exposed subtype D-infected individual with vertically acquired HIV. We have used deep sequencing of longitudinal samples to highlight the change in resistance over time while on a failing regimen. The case highlights that poorly adherent patients should not be offered dolutegravir even as part of a combination regimen and that protease inhibitors should be used preferentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ahmed
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Flavell
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Ferns
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Frampton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S G Edwards
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - R F Miller
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Grant
- Department of Clinical Virology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Nastouli
- Department of Clinical Virology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Population, Policy and Practice, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - R K Gupta
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Bansal S, Thakur S, Mangal M, Mangal AK, Gupta RK. DNA barcoding for specific and sensitive detection of Cuminum cyminum adulteration in Bunium persicum. Phytomedicine 2018; 50:178-183. [PMID: 30466976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bunium persicum commonly called as Kala zeera, a very high value herbaceous spice used for medicinal purposes is often adulterated with Cuminum cyminum or Safed zeera, a closely related species. Lack of distinctive morphological features makes the identification of genuine kala zeera from its adulterant difficult, the problem is even exaggerated in case of powdered material. METHODOLOGY Genomic DNA was extracted from all the plant materials by using CTAB-SDS method (Möller et al., 1992) with slight modifications. On the basis of reproducibility and high amplification ability, four universal barcoding loci viz. ITS2, rbcL-a, mat K and psbA-trnH and a specific locus Cum were used in the present study. The amplified PCR products were sequenced bidirectionally and assembled to obtain contigs. The sequences thus obtained were aligned using MUSCLE algorithm (Edgar, 2004) and information pertaining to conserved/ variable/ parsimony informative sites, number of transitions, transversions and Indels was obtained after analyzing the sequences. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Among the tested barcoding loci, psbA-trnH has proven to be best barcode in authentication of kala zeera as its amplification and sequencing success was high and it showed the presence of polymorphic sites to detect interspecific variation. This barcode could differentiate between safed zeera and kala zeera in a single reaction, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Bansal
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Sujata Thakur
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Manisha Mangal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupam K Mangal
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi, India
| | - R K Gupta
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Leggieri Jr MJ, Bieler D, Bjarnason S, Cernak I, Franke A, Kirkman E, Martineau L, Orru H, Ouellet S, Philippens M, Risling MG, Sarron JC, Skriudalen S, Teland JA, Watts S, Gupta RK. Environmental toxicology of blast exposures: injury metrics, modelling, methods and standards. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2018; 165:7-9. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2018-000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sinha M, Modi MH, Ghosh H, Yadav PK, Gupta RK. Influence of the core-hole effect on optical properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) near the Mg L-edge region. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:771-776. [PMID: 29714187 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518002771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the core-hole effect on optical properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) is established through experimental determination of optical constants and first-principles density functional theory studies. Optical constants (δ and β) of MgO thin film are measured in the spectral region 40-300 eV using reflectance spectroscopy techniques at the Indus-1 synchrotron radiation source. The obtained optical constants show strong core exciton features near the Mg L-edge region, causing significant mismatch with Henke's tabulated values. On comparing the experimentally obtained optical constants with Henke's tabulated values, an edge shift of ∼3.0 eV is also observed. Distinct evidence of effects of core exciton on optical constants (δ and β) in the near Mg L-edge absorption spectra are confirmed through first-principles simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangalika Sinha
- Soft X-ray Applications Laboratory, Synchrotrons Utilization Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
| | - Mohammed H Modi
- Soft X-ray Applications Laboratory, Synchrotrons Utilization Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
| | - Haranath Ghosh
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | - P K Yadav
- Soft X-ray Applications Laboratory, Synchrotrons Utilization Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
| | - R K Gupta
- Soft X-ray Applications Laboratory, Synchrotrons Utilization Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
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Schwenk ES, Udani AD, Gupta RK, Mariano ER. How academic physicians can benefit from social media. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2018; 65:103-107. [PMID: 29110891 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E S Schwenk
- Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Filadelfia, PA, EE. UU
| | - A D Udani
- Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, EE. UU
| | - R K Gupta
- Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, EE. UU
| | - E R Mariano
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, EE. UU..
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Singh AK, Narsaria N, Gupta RK. A biomechanical study comparing proximal femur nail and proximal femur locking compression plate in fixation of reverse oblique proximal femur fractures. Injury 2017; 48:2050-2053. [PMID: 28801202 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reverse oblique trochanteric fractures are common fractures and its treatment poses a challenge. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical parameters of the construct using proximal femoral nail (PFN) and proximal femoral locking compression plates (PFLCP) in these fractures using cadaveric specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty freshly harvested cadaveric femoral specimens were randomly assigned to two groups after measuring bone mineral density, ten of which were implanted with PFN and the other ten with PFLCP. The constructs were made unstable to simulate reverse oblique trochanteric fracture (AO type 31A3.3) by removing a standard size posteromedial wedge. These constructs were tested in a computer controlled cyclic compressive loading with 200kg at a frequency of 1 cycle/s (1Hz) and test was observed for 50,000 cycles or until implant failure, whichever occurred earlier. Peak displacements were measured and analysis was done to determine axial stiffness and subsidence in axial loading. RESULTS All the specimens in PFN group completed 50,000 cycles and in PFLCP group, seven specimens completed 50,000 cycles. Average subsidence in PFN group was 1.24±0.22mm and in PFLCP group was 1.48±0.38mm. The average stiffness of PFN group (72.6±6.8N/mm) was significantly higher than of PFLCP group (62.4±4.9N/mm) (P=0.04). The average number of cycles sustained by PFLCP was 46634 and for PFN group was 50,000 (P=0.06). CONCLUSION The PFN is biomechanically superior to PFLCP in terms of axial stiffness, subsidence and number of specimens failed for the fixation of reverse oblique trochanteric fractures of femur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R K Gupta
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine early joint involvement as detected by ultrasonography in children with newly diagnosed celiac disease, and in children with celiac disease on gluten-free diet for more than 6 months. METHODS Cross-sectional comparative study evaluating joint abnormalities by ultrasonography. Results Ultrasonography showed abnormalities in 19 out of 60 (31.7%) children with newly diagnosed celiac disease as compared to 2 (3.3%) out of 60 in those on a gluten-free diet for more than 6 months. CONCLUSION Subclinical synovitis as detected by ultrasound is a frequent finding in newly diagnosed children with celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, SMS Medical college, Jaipur, India. Correspondence to: Dr Kapil Garg, 5 JHA 22, Jawahar nagar, Jaipur 302 004, India.
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Narwal S, Kumar D, Sheoran S, Verma RPS, Gupta RK. Hulless barley as a promising source to improve the nutritional quality of wheat products. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:2638-2644. [PMID: 28928503 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, efforts were made to utilize hulless barley (variety BHS352) to enhance the nutritive value of chapatti and biscuit made from wheat flour. Barley flour was added to wheat flour in different ratios (5 to 30%). Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and β-glucan content were determined both in flour blends and their products. Changes in physical quality and taste of chapatti and biscuits after blending of hulless barley flour with wheat flour were measured. The chapatti quality score decreased by 15% and biscuit spread factor by 33% after 30% barley flour blending. Significant increase in β-glucan content and antioxidant activity of flour blends and their products was observed at 30% blending level. The phenolic content increased from 63 to 135 µg for biscuits and 237 to 287 ug GAE/g for chapatti with blending of 30% barley flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Narwal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, 132001 India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, 132001 India
| | - Sonia Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, 132001 India
| | - R P S Verma
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 6299, Rabat Instituts, Rue Hafiane Cherkaoui, Rabat, Morocco
| | - R K Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, 132001 India
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40
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Yadav PK, Gupta RK, Swami MK, Modi MH. Structural variation in a synchrotron-induced contamination layer (a-C:H) deposited on a toroidal Au mirror surface. J Synchrotron Radiat 2017; 24:757-764. [PMID: 28664882 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517007123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A carbon layer deposited on an optical component is the result of complex interactions between the optical surface, adsorbed hydrocarbons, photons and secondary electrons (photoelectrons generated on the surface of optical elements). In the present study a synchrotron-induced contamination layer on a 340 mm × 60 mm Au-coated toroidal mirror has been characterized. The contamination layer showed a strong variation in structural properties from the centre of the mirror to the edge region (along the long dimension of the mirror) due to the Gaussian distribution of the incident photon beam intensity/power on the mirror surface. Raman scattering measurements were carried out at 12 equidistant (25 mm) locations along the length of the mirror. The surface contamination layer that formed on the Au surface was observed to be hydrogenated amorphous carbon film in nature. The effects of the synchrotron beam intensity/power distribution on the structural properties of the contamination layer are discussed. The I(D)/I(G) ratio, cluster size and disordering were found to increase whereas the sp2:sp3 ratio, G peak position and H content decreased with photon dose. The structural parameters of the contamination layer in the central region were estimated (thickness ≃ 400 Å, roughness ≃ 60 Å, density ≃ 72% of bulk graphitic carbon density) by soft X-ray reflectivity measurements. The amorphous nature of the layer in the central region was observed by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Yadav
- Soft X-ray Applications Laboratory, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
| | - R K Gupta
- Soft X-ray Applications Laboratory, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
| | - M K Swami
- Laser Biomedical Applications Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
| | - M H Modi
- Soft X-ray Applications Laboratory, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
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Al-Sehemi AG, Mensah-Darkwa K, Al-Ghamdi AA, Soylu M, Gupta RK, Yakuphanoglu F. Composite CuFe 1-xSn xO 2/p-type silicon photodiodes. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 180:110-118. [PMID: 28284156 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CuFe1-xSnxO2 composite thin film/p-type silicon diodes were prepared on substrate by sol-gel method (x=0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07). The structure of CuFe1-xSnxO2 composite thin films was studied using XRD analysis and films exhibited amorphous behavior. The elemental compositions and surface morphology of the films were characterized using SEM and EDX. EDX results confirmed the presence of the compositional elements. The optical band gap of CuFe1-xSnxO2 composite thin films was determined using the optic spectra. The optical band gaps of the CuFe1-xSnxO2 composite thin films were calculated using optical data and were found to be 3.75, 3.78, 3.80, 3.85 and 3.83eV for x=0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07, respectively. The photoresponse and electrical properties of the Al/CuFe1-xSnxO2/p-Si/Al diode were studied. The barrier height and ideality factor were determined to be averagely 0.67eV and 2.6, respectively. The electrical and photoresponse characteristics of the diodes have been investigated under dark and solar light illuminations, respectively. The interface states were used to explain the results obtained in present study. CuFe1-xSnxO2 photodiodes exhibited a high photoresponsivity to be used in optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Mensah-Darkwa
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ahmed A Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Soylu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey.
| | - R K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - F Yakuphanoglu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
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Abstract
Neonatal hepatitis with acute liver failure due to varied etiology including various infections is reported in the past. Scrub typhus as a cause of neonatal hepatitis has rarely been reported in literature. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis and timely treatment. Severity and prognosis of the disease varies widely because several different strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi exist with different virulence. Delayed diagnosis can result in complication and significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we report three cases of neonatal hepatitis with acute liver failure caused by scrub typhus to increase awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Vajpayee
- S M S Medical College, Sir Padampat Mother and Child Health Institute, J L N Marg, Jaipur, 302 017, India.
| | - R K Gupta
- S M S Medical College, Sir Padampat Mother and Child Health Institute, J L N Marg, Jaipur, 302 017, India
| | - M L Gupta
- S M S Medical College, Sir Padampat Mother and Child Health Institute, J L N Marg, Jaipur, 302 017, India
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Kumar P, Singh S, Singh VN, Singh N, Gupta RK, Gupta BK. Experimental observation of spatially resolved photo-luminescence intensity distribution in dual mode upconverting nanorod bundles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42515. [PMID: 28211891 PMCID: PMC5304174 DOI: 10.1038/srep42515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method for demonstration of photoluminescence intensity distribution in upconverting nanorod bundles using confocal microscopy is reported. Herein, a strategy for the synthesis of highly luminescent dual mode upconverting/downshift Y1.94O3:Ho3+0.02/Yb3+0.04 nanorod bundles by a facile hydrothermal route has been introduced. These luminescent nanorod bundles exhibit strong green emission at 549 nm upon excitations at 449 nm and 980 nm with quantum efficiencies of ~6.3% and ~1.1%, respectively. The TEM/HRTEM results confirm that these bundles are composed of several individual nanorods with diameter of ~100 nm and length in the range of 1–3 μm. Furthermore, two dimensional spatially resolved photoluminescence intensity distribution study has been carried out using confocal photoluminescence microscope throughout the nanorod bundles. This study provides a new direction for the potential use of such emerging dual mode nanorod bundles as photon sources for next generation flat panel optical display devices, bio-medical applications, luminescent security ink and enhanced energy harvesting in photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Luminescent Materials and Devices Group, Materials Physics and Engineering Division, CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110012, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus. Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Satbir Singh
- Luminescent Materials and Devices Group, Materials Physics and Engineering Division, CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110012, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus. Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - V N Singh
- Advanced Materials and Devices Group, Physics of Energy Harvesting Division, CSIR - National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Metals, Alloys and Composites for Energy Applications Group, Physics of Energy Harvesting Division, CSIR - National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - R K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS, 66762, USA
| | - Bipin Kumar Gupta
- Luminescent Materials and Devices Group, Materials Physics and Engineering Division, CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Fox-Lewis A, Coltart G, Rice S, Sen R, Gourtsoyannis Y, Hyare H, Gupta RK. Extensive subclinical sinusitis leading to Moraxella osloensis meningitis. IDCases 2016; 6:39-42. [PMID: 27695673 PMCID: PMC5043396 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 31 year old male with extensive subclinical sinusitis leading to erosion in the cribriform plate and subsequent meningitis caused by the organism Moraxella osloensis. The patient presented to the emergency department with rapid onset confusion, neck stiffness and headache. Inflammatory markers, renal and liver function, and a chest radiograph were all normal. CT Head showed extensive polyp disease in the paranasal sinuses with expansion of the left frontal sinus and CT Sinuses revealed an area of low attenuation in the cribriform plate consistent with bony erosion. MRI Head showed thick loculated sinus inflammation. Lumbar puncture yielded CSF with a high white cell count of predominantly mononuclear cells, no visible organisms and an elevated protein. CSF microscopy, culture and viral PCR were not diagnostic, and so the CSF was sent for 16S rDNA PCR screening, which identified the rDNA of Moraxella osloensis. Moraxella osloensis is a rare cause of bacterial meningitis, with only a few reported cases. This case illustrates that sinusitis, while a common condition, when severe can predispose to intracranial infection with atypical and low virulence organisms such as Moraxella species, which do not commonly cause invasive CNS disease. This case represents the first case of Moraxella osloensis meningitis reported from the United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fox-Lewis
- Division of Infection, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G Coltart
- Division of Infection, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Rice
- Radiology Department, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Sen
- Division of Infection, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Y Gourtsoyannis
- Division of Infection, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - H Hyare
- Radiology Department, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R K Gupta
- Division of Infection, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Infection, University College London, London, UK
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Shah T, Shah S, Joshi BR, Karkee RJ, Gupta RK. Total extraperitoneal approach in large inguino-scrotal hernias: an institutional approach. J Soc Surg Nepal 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jssn.v18i3.15313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Since 2 decades laparoscopichernia repair has gained key role in uncomplicated inguinal hernia surgery with advantages showed by several trials and guidelines. However, its role in complicated inguinal hernia such as incarcerated, obstructed and inguino-scrotal is debatable. Cases of large inguino-scrotal raises objection to laparoscopic procedure because of anticipated problems and complications in dissecting extended hernia sac even though posterior approach is advocated as repair of choice for complicated cases. Here, we reviewed our series of patients undergoing TEP in a limited time frame.Method: Between March 2013 and June 2014, 50 consecutive patients underwent TEP repair for inguinoscrotal hernia. Patient demographics, hernia characteristics, operating time, surgical technique, conversion rate, intraoperative, postoperative complications and recurrence was recorded and analyzed using MS Excel.Results: 50 patients were recorded, 26 had unilateral and 24 had bilateral hernias. Mean age was 52 (22-72) years. The mean operation time was 70 (50-140) min. Bilateral repairs took 45% (18 min) longer than for unilateral repairs (52 + 12 min). Two (12.5%) patients required combined open surgery to transect the incarcerated omentum. There was no mortality. Morbidity was limited to asymptomatic seroma formation in 2 (12.5%) patients; 1 patient of combined open-TEP approach had wound infection, both treated conservatively. Mean follow up was 6.3 months; we recorded 2 recurrences (12.5%). The mean length of hospital stay was 1.8 days.Conclusion: We conclude that TEP can be safely employed for complicated inguinal hernias repair. Surgical experience in mandatory with tailored technique to reduce morbidity and achieve good clinical outcome with acceptable recurrence rates.
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Kumar A, Agrawal CS, Sah S, Gupta RK. Laparoscopic hernioplasty of large ventral hernia with transfascial sutures: short term utility and outcome. J Soc Surg Nepal 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jssn.v18i3.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The laparoscopic approach to repairing ventral and incisional hernias has gained increasing popularity worldwide. The approximation of the hernia defect during laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, prior to mesh fixation, provides a more physiologic and anatomic repair. Defect closure also provides more defect overlap with mesh placement and, possibly decreases recurrence rates. We reviewed the experience of laparoscopic repair of large ventral hernia (diameter ≥5cm) at a university hospital in the Nepal with particular reference to patients with massive defects (diameter ≥15cm) and transfascial closure.Methods: A total of 32 patients underwent laparoscopic ventral (incisional or umbilical/paraumbilical) hernia repair between July 2014 and September 2015.Results: The prevalence of conversion to open surgery was 3.1%. The prevalence of postoperative complications was 15.6%. Median postoperative follow-up was 8.2 months. A total of 9.4% cases suffered late complications and 3.1% developed recurrence. Twelve patients underwent repair of defects ≥10cm in diameter with no recurrence. Three patients underwent repair of ‘massive’ incisional hernia (diameter ≥15cm) with a prevalence of recurrence of 3.1%. Ten patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30kg/m2 (range, 32–35kg/m2) underwent laparoscopic repair without any recurrence.Conclusions: Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair with transfascial suturing can be carried out safely with a low prevalence of recurrence. It may have advantages in obese patients in whom open repair would represent a significant undertaking. Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair may be used in cases of large and massive hernias, in which the risk of recurrence increases but is comparable with open repair and associated with low morbidity.
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Bhattarai SM, Simkhada G, Shah T, Gupta RK. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (total extra-peritoneal): tips and tricks. J Soc Surg Nepal 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jssn.v18i3.15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Inguinal hernia is one of the major problems at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), a tertiary referral center. We perform Laparoscopic hernia repair as a routine procedure for groin hernias. This technique is highly demanding and complex. In our country the development of laparoscopic technique is still in a developing phase.Aims and objective: To present technical tips and trick in LIHR, which we experienced, as lead to preventing intra/post operative complication.Results: We have performed a total of 129 groin hernia repairs in 105 patients with M: F= 26:1 and mean age 41.97±20 (16-85). The mean length of hospital stay was 1.14 ± 0.35 days. Eight patients were converted to TAPP and 1 converted to open hernia repair due to operative difficulty. The complications encountered are pain (20), seroma(8) and epididymitis(2).Conclusion: In our experience LIHR (TEP) is safe method for routine management of groin hernias.
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Eyarkai Nambi V, Gupta RK, Kumar S, Sharma PC. Degradation kinetics of bioactive components, antioxidant activity, colour and textural properties of selected vegetables during blanching. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:3073-3082. [PMID: 27765978 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive components of fruit and vegetables play an important role in scavenging free radicals and protect the body from degenerative diseases. A kinetic study was conducted to quantify the losses occurring in bioactive components, antioxidant activity and changes in colour and firmness of four commonly used vegetables (beetroot, green pea, eggplant and green pepper) during heat treatment (70-90 °C). The study revealed that logistic model can predict the variation in bioactive components and antioxidant activity with higher R2 and lower root mean square error (RMSE) as compared to first order model due to logarithmic reduction in these properties in the beginning of the process itself. However zero and first order kinetic models were found suitable to predict the changes occurring in colour and firmness respectively during blanching. D, z value, activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy and entropy were calculated for all measured parameters for selected vegetables in the temperature range of 70-90 °C. These finding would be useful in designing thermal processes and related calculations for these vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Eyarkai Nambi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India
| | - R K Gupta
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India
| | - P C Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr.YSP University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, HP India
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Gupta RK, Loveday C, Kalidindi U, Lechelt M, Skinner C, Orkin C. Tipranavir/T20-based salvage regimens highly effective and durable against HIV-1 with evidence for genotypic predictability of response in clinical practice. Int J STD AIDS 2016; 18:630-2. [PMID: 17785009 DOI: 10.1258/095646207781568493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Escalating drug resistance in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients has made management increasingly difficult. In clinical trials, tipranavir (TPV) has produced potent and durable responses in such patients, although experience in clinical cohorts is limited. A retrospective clinical case review was undertaken of triple-class experienced HIV-1-infected patients receiving optimized boosted TPV-containing regimens and T20 with up to 108 weeks follow-up. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) resistance profiles were characterized using International Aids Society (IAS)-USA scoring and 'TPV resistance score' (TPV-RS) at baseline and failure. Five of 12 patients had undetectable virus (<50 copies/mL) after median 84 weeks (range 60–108), and 1/12 < had 700 copies/mL after 40 weeks. Six of 12 patients failed after 36 (range 12–48) weeks and were more likely to have ≥3 TPV-RS mutations than non-failures ( P = 0.06). Presence of a major IAS-USA mutation at baseline was strongly associated with absence of a 1 log viral load drop at 24 weeks ( P = 0.02). TPV-containing regimens showed impressive efficacy and tolerability in this heavily experienced cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gupta
- Barts and The London NHS Trust, London, UK
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Singh A, Sinha M, Gupta RK, Modi MH. Optical constants of e-beam-deposited zirconium dioxide measured in the 55-150 Å wavelength region using the reflectivity technique. Appl Opt 2016; 55:3170-3175. [PMID: 27140084 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.003170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, optical constants of e-beam-deposited zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) thin film are determined in the 55-150 Å soft x-ray wavelength region using the angle-dependent reflectivity technique. Soft x-ray reflectivity measurements are carried out using the reflectivity beamline at the Indus-1 synchrotron radiation source. Derived optical constants (δ and β) are compared with the tabulated values of Henke et al. [http://henke.lbl.gov/optical_constants/asf.html]. It is found that the measured δ values are consistently lower than the tabulated bulk values in the 70-150 Å wavelength region. In this region, the delta values are lower by 19%-24% from the tabulated data. Below the Zr M4 edge (66.3 Å), a deviation in delta values is found as ∼2%-21%. These changes are attributed to growth-related defects (oxygen and voids) and variation in film stoichiometry. To the best of our knowledge, the present study gives the first reported experimental values of optical constants for ZrO2 in the 55-150 Å wavelength region.
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