1
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Roy S, Fitzgerald K, Lalani A, Lai CW, Kim A, Kim J, Ou P, Mirsoian A, Liu X, Ramrakhiani A, Zhao H, Zhou H, Xu H, Meisen H, Li CM, Lugt BV, Thibault S, Tinberg CE, DeVoss J, Egen J, Wu LC, Noubade R. Autonomous IL-36R signaling in neutrophils activates potent antitumor effector functions. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162088. [PMID: 37317970 DOI: 10.1172/jci162088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
While the rapid advancement of immunotherapies has revolutionized cancer treatment, only a small fraction of patients derive clinical benefit. Eradication of large, established tumors appears to depend on engaging and activating both innate and adaptive immune system components to mount a rigorous and comprehensive immune response. Identifying such agents is a high unmet medical need, because they are sparse in the therapeutic landscape of cancer treatment. Here, we report that IL-36 cytokine can engage both innate and adaptive immunity to remodel an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and mediate potent antitumor immune responses via signaling in host hematopoietic cells. Mechanistically, IL-36 signaling modulates neutrophils in a cell-intrinsic manner to greatly enhance not only their ability to directly kill tumor cells but also promote T and NK cell responses. Thus, while poor prognostic outcomes are typically associated with neutrophil enrichment in the TME, our results highlight the pleiotropic effects of IL-36 and its therapeutic potential to modify tumor-infiltrating neutrophils into potent effector cells and engage both the innate and adaptive immune system to achieve durable antitumor responses in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haoda Xu
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steve Thibault
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, South San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Belmontes B, Sawant DV, Zhong W, Tan H, Kaul A, Aeffner F, O'Brien SA, Chun M, Noubade R, Eng J, Ma H, Muenz M, Li P, Alba BM, Thomas M, Cook K, Wang X, DeVoss J, Egen JG, Nolan-Stevaux O. Immunotherapy combinations overcome resistance to bispecific T cell engager treatment in T cell-cold solid tumors. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/608/eabd1524. [PMID: 34433637 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches are needed to promote T cell-mediated destruction of poorly immunogenic, "cold" tumors typically associated with minimal response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) molecules induce redirected lysis of cancer cells by polyclonal T cells and have demonstrated promising clinical activity against solid tumors in some patients. However, little is understood about the key factors that govern clinical responses to these therapies. Using an immunocompetent mouse model expressing a humanized CD3ε chain (huCD3e mice) and BiTE molecules directed against mouse CD19, mouse CLDN18.2, or human EPCAM antigens, we investigated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters and immune correlates associated with BiTE efficacy across multiple syngeneic solid-tumor models. These studies demonstrated that pretreatment tumor-associated T cell density is a critical determinant of response to BiTE therapy, identified CD8+ T cells as important targets and mediators of BiTE activity, and revealed an antagonistic role for CD4+ T cells in BiTE efficacy. We also identified therapeutic combinations, including ICB and 4-1BB agonism, that synergized with BiTE treatment in poorly T cell-infiltrated, immunotherapy-refractory tumors. In these models, BiTE efficacy was dependent on local expansion of tumor-associated CD8+ T cells, rather than their recruitment from circulation. Our findings highlight the relative contributions of baseline T cell infiltration, local T cell proliferation, and peripheral T cell trafficking for BiTE molecule-mediated efficacy, identify combination strategies capable of overcoming resistance to BiTE therapy, and have clinical relevance for the development of BiTE and other T cell engager therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Belmontes
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Deepali V Sawant
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wendy Zhong
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hong Tan
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Anupurna Kaul
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Famke Aeffner
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sarah A O'Brien
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew Chun
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason Eng
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hayley Ma
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Markus Muenz
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Amgen Research GmbH, Munich 81477, Germany
| | - Peng Li
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Benjamin M Alba
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Melissa Thomas
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kevin Cook
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason DeVoss
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jackson G Egen
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA. .,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Olivier Nolan-Stevaux
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA. .,Inflammation and Oncology Therapeutic Area, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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3
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Lee HJ, Pham T, Chang MT, Barnes D, Cai AG, Noubade R, Totpal K, Chen X, Tran C, Hagenbeek T, Wu X, Eastham-Anderson J, Tao J, Lee W, Bastian BC, Carbone M, Webster JD, Dey A. The Tumor Suppressor BAP1 Regulates the Hippo Pathway in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1656-1668. [PMID: 31988076 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 is mutated in a hereditary cancer syndrome with a high risk for mesothelioma and melanocytic tumors. Here, we show that pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia driven by oncogenic mutant KrasG12D progressed to pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the absence of BAP1. The Hippo pathway was deregulated in BAP1-deficient pancreatic tumors, with the tumor suppressor LATS exhibiting enhanced ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Therefore, BAP1 may limit tumor progression by stabilizing LATS and thereby promoting activity of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. SIGNIFICANCE: BAP1 is mutated in a broad spectrum of tumors. Pancreatic Bap1 deficiency causes acinar atrophy but combines with oncogenic Ras to produce pancreatic tumors. BAP1-deficient tumors exhibit deregulation of the Hippo pathway.See related commentary by Brekken, p. 1624.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-June Lee
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Trang Pham
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew T Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Dwight Barnes
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Allen G Cai
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Klara Totpal
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Xu Chen
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Christopher Tran
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Thijs Hagenbeek
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Xiumin Wu
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Janet Tao
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Wyne Lee
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Joshua D Webster
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Anwesha Dey
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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4
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) efficiently process and present antigens to T cells, and by integrating environmental signals, link innate and adaptive immunity. DCs also control the balance between tolerance and immunity, and are required for T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity. One subset of classical DCs, cDC1, are particularly important for eliciting CD8 T cells that can kill tumor cells. cDC1s are superior in antigen cross-presentation, a process of presenting exogenous antigens on MHC class I to activate CD8+ T cells. Tumor-associated cDC1s can transport tumor antigen to the draining lymph node and cross-present tumor antigens, resulting in priming and activation of cytotoxic T cells. Although cross-presenting cDC1s are critical for eliciting anti-tumor T cell responses, the role and importance of other DC subsets in anti-tumor immunity is not as well-characterized. Recent literature in other contexts suggests that critical crosstalk between DC subsets can significantly alter biological outcomes, and these DC interactions likely also contribute significantly to tumor-specific immune responses. Therefore, antigen presentation by cDC1s may be necessary but not sufficient for maximal immune responses against cancer. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of DC subset interactions to maximize anti-tumor immunity, and propose that such interactions should be considered for the development of better DC-targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sonia Majri-Morrison
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
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5
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Arenzana TL, Lianoglou S, Seki A, Eidenschenk C, Cheung T, Seshasayee D, Hagenbeek T, Sambandam A, Noubade R, Peng I, Lesch J, DeVoss J, Wu X, Lee WP, Caplazi P, Webster J, Liu J, Pham VC, Arnott D, Lill JR, Modrusan Z, Dey A, Rutz S. Tumor suppressor BAP1 is essential for thymic development and proliferative responses of T lymphocytes. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/22/eaal1953. [PMID: 29678836 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aal1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Loss of function of the nuclear deubiquitinating enzyme BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) is associated with a wide spectrum of cancers. We report that tamoxifen-induced BAP1 deletion in adult mice resulted in severe thymic atrophy. BAP1 was critical for T cell development at several stages. In the thymus, BAP1 was required for progression through the pre-T cell receptor checkpoint. Peripheral T cells lacking BAP1 demonstrated a defect in homeostatic and antigen-driven expansion. Deletion of BAP1 resulted in suppression of E2F target genes and defects in cell cycle progression, which was dependent on the catalytic activity of BAP1, but did not require its interaction with host cell factor-1 (HCF-1). Loss of BAP1 led to increased monoubiquitination of histone H2A at Lys119 (H2AK119ub) throughout the T cell lineage, in particular in immature thymocytes, but did not alter trimethylation of histone H3 at Lys27 (H3K27me3). Deletion of BAP1 also abrogated B cell development in the bone marrow. Our findings uncover a nonredundant function for BAP1 in maintaining the lymphoid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita L Arenzana
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Steve Lianoglou
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Akiko Seki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Celine Eidenschenk
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Tommy Cheung
- Department of Proteomics and Biological Resources, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Dhaya Seshasayee
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Thijs Hagenbeek
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Ivan Peng
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Justin Lesch
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Jason DeVoss
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Xiumin Wu
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Joshua Webster
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Victoria C Pham
- Department of Proteomics and Biological Resources, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - David Arnott
- Department of Proteomics and Biological Resources, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Jennie R Lill
- Department of Proteomics and Biological Resources, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Anwesha Dey
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA.
| | - Sascha Rutz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, USA.
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6
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Baughman JM, Rose CM, Kolumam G, Webster JD, Wilkerson EM, Merrill AE, Rhoads TW, Noubade R, Katavolos P, Lesch J, Stapleton DS, Rabaglia ME, Schueler KL, Asuncion R, Domeyer M, Zavala-Solorio J, Reich M, DeVoss J, Keller MP, Attie AD, Hebert AS, Westphall MS, Coon JJ, Kirkpatrick DS, Dey A. NeuCode Proteomics Reveals Bap1 Regulation of Metabolism. Cell Rep 2016; 16:583-595. [PMID: 27373151 PMCID: PMC5546211 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce neutron-encoded (NeuCode) amino acid labeling of mice as a strategy for multiplexed proteomic analysis in vivo. Using NeuCode, we characterize an inducible knockout mouse model of Bap1, a tumor suppressor and deubiquitinase whose in vivo roles outside of cancer are not well established. NeuCode proteomics revealed altered metabolic pathways following Bap1 deletion, including profound elevation of cholesterol biosynthetic machinery coincident with reduced expression of gluconeogenic and lipid homeostasis proteins in liver. Bap1 loss increased pancreatitis biomarkers and reduced expression of mitochondrial proteins. These alterations accompany a metabolic remodeling with hypoglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hepatic lipid loss, and acinar cell degeneration. Liver-specific Bap1 null mice present with fully penetrant perinatal lethality, severe hypoglycemia, and hepatic lipid deficiency. This work reveals Bap1 as a metabolic regulator in liver and pancreas, and it establishes NeuCode as a reliable proteomic method for deciphering in vivo biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Baughman
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christopher M Rose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ganesh Kolumam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joshua D Webster
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Emily M Wilkerson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anna E Merrill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Timothy W Rhoads
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Paula Katavolos
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Justin Lesch
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Donald S Stapleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mary E Rabaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kathy L Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Raymond Asuncion
- Department of Transgenic Technology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Melanie Domeyer
- Department of Transgenic Technology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jose Zavala-Solorio
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael Reich
- Department of Laboratory Animal Resources, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason DeVoss
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alexander S Hebert
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael S Westphall
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Donald S Kirkpatrick
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Anwesha Dey
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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7
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Powers JP, Walters MJ, Noubade R, Young SW, Marshall L, Melom J, Park A, Shah N, Bjork P, Fridman JS, Beck HP, Chian D, McKinnell JV, Osipov M, Reilly MK, Shunatona HP, Walker JR, Zibinsky M, Jaen JC. Abstract 4290: Potent and selective next generation inhibitors of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The IDO1 pathway has been proposed to mediate immunosuppressive effects in the tumor microenvironment through its role in the catabolism of tryptophan, resulting in effects on the differentiation and proliferation of T cells. IDO1 inhibition has shown promising clinical benefit as well as exacerbated toxicity in the treatment of melanoma, when combined with the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab.
We have discovered a novel class of highly selective small molecule inhibitors of IDO1 which surpass the potency of the compounds currently in clinical development. These compounds potently inhibit IDO1 activity in IFN-γ stimulated HeLa cells with single digit nM potency. Importantly, they also retain their potency in the presence of human serum, with IC50 values ranging between 5 and 15 nM in this more physiologically relevant media. Consistent with the role of IDO1+ dendritic cells in the suppression of T cell proliferation, this series of molecules is capable of restoring the proliferative capacity of human T cells (which is inhibited by allogeneic IDO1+ dendritic cells) with EC50 values of 2-3 nM. The molecules exhibit preclinical PK characteristics that are suitable for assessing the contribution of IDO1 to tumor growth in murine models, both alone and in combination with other therapeutic agents. The compounds have high metabolic stability against cultured human hepatocytes and exhibit preclinical PK and ADME characteristics consistent with once-daily dosing in humans. The full preclinical profile of one of these molecules, selected for clinical evaluation, will be the focus of this presentation.
In conclusion, we have discovered a novel class of small molecule inhibitors of IDO1, which provides a preclinical basis for the clinical evaluation of a next generation IDO1 inhibitor in combination with other therapeutic agents.
Citation Format: Jay P. Powers, Matthew J. Walters, Rajkumar Noubade, Stephen W. Young, Lisa Marshall, Jan Melom, Adam Park, Nick Shah, Pia Bjork, Jordan S. Fridman, Hilary P. Beck, David Chian, Jenny V. McKinnell, Maksim Osipov, Maureen K. Reilly, Hunter P. Shunatona, James R. Walker, Mikhail Zibinsky, Juan C. Jaen. Potent and selective next generation inhibitors of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) for the treatment of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4290. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4290
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8
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Rutz S, Kayagaki N, Phung QT, Eidenschenk C, Noubade R, Wang X, Lesch J, Lu R, Newton K, Huang OW, Cochran AG, Vasser M, Fauber BP, DeVoss J, Webster J, Diehl L, Modrusan Z, Kirkpatrick DS, Lill JR, Ouyang W, Dixit VM. Deubiquitinase DUBA is a post-translational brake on interleukin-17 production in T cells. Nature 2014; 518:417-21. [PMID: 25470037 DOI: 10.1038/nature13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
T-helper type 17 (TH17) cells that produce the cytokines interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-17F are implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. The differentiation of TH17 cells is regulated by transcription factors such as RORγt, but post-translational mechanisms preventing the rampant production of pro-inflammatory IL-17A have received less attention. Here we show that the deubiquitylating enzyme DUBA is a negative regulator of IL-17A production in T cells. Mice with DUBA-deficient T cells developed exacerbated inflammation in the small intestine after challenge with anti-CD3 antibodies. DUBA interacted with the ubiquitin ligase UBR5, which suppressed DUBA abundance in naive T cells. DUBA accumulated in activated T cells and stabilized UBR5, which then ubiquitylated RORγt in response to TGF-β signalling. Our data identify DUBA as a cell-intrinsic suppressor of IL-17 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Rutz
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Qui T Phung
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Celine Eidenschenk
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Justin Lesch
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Rongze Lu
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Kim Newton
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Oscar W Huang
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Andrea G Cochran
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Mark Vasser
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Benjamin P Fauber
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jason DeVoss
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Joshua Webster
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Lauri Diehl
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Donald S Kirkpatrick
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jennie R Lill
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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9
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Krementsov DN, Noubade R, Dragon JA, Otsu K, Rincon M, Teuscher C. Sex-specific control of central nervous system autoimmunity by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in myeloid cells. Ann Neurol 2014; 75:50-66. [PMID: 24027119 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by a global increasing incidence driven by relapsing-remitting disease in females. Investigators have described p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as a key regulator of inflammatory responses in autoimmunity, but its role in the sexual dimorphism in MS or MS models remains unexplored. METHODS Toward this end, we used experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the principal animal model of MS, combined with pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of p38 MAPK activity and transcriptomic analyses. RESULTS Pharmacologic inhibition of p38 MAPK selectively ameliorated EAE in female mice. Conditional deletion studies demonstrated that p38α signaling in macrophages/myeloid cells, but not T cells or dendritic cells, mediated this sexual dimorphism, which was dependent on the presence of adult sex hormones. Analysis of CNS inflammatory infiltrates showed that female but not male mice lacking p38α in myeloid cells exhibited reduced immune cell activation compared with controls, whereas peripheral T-cell priming was unaffected in both sexes. Transcriptomic analyses of myeloid cells revealed differences in p38α-controlled transcripts comprising female- and male-specific gene modules, with greater p38α dependence of proinflammatory gene expression in females. INTERPRETATION Our findings demonstrate a key role for p38α in myeloid cells in CNS autoimmunity and uncover important molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in disease pathogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway represents a novel target for much needed disease-modifying therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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10
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Murthy A, Li Y, Peng I, Reichelt M, Katakam AK, Noubade R, Roose-Girma M, DeVoss J, Diehl L, Graham RR, van Lookeren Campagne M. A Crohn's disease variant in Atg16l1 enhances its degradation by caspase 3. Nature 2014; 506:456-62. [PMID: 24553140 DOI: 10.1038/nature13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a debilitating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can involve the entire digestive tract. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) encoding a missense variant in the autophagy gene ATG16L1 (rs2241880, Thr300Ala) is strongly associated with the incidence of Crohn's disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effect of ATG16L1 deletion or deficiency; however, the molecular consequences of the Thr300Ala (T300A) variant remains unknown. Here we show that amino acids 296-299 constitute a caspase cleavage motif in ATG16L1 and that the T300A variant (T316A in mice) significantly increases ATG16L1 sensitization to caspase-3-mediated processing. We observed that death-receptor activation or starvation-induced metabolic stress in human and murine macrophages increased degradation of the T300A or T316A variants of ATG16L1, respectively, resulting in diminished autophagy. Knock-in mice harbouring the T316A variant showed defective clearance of the ileal pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica and an elevated inflammatory cytokine response. In turn, deletion of the caspase-3-encoding gene, Casp3, or elimination of the caspase cleavage site by site-directed mutagenesis rescued starvation-induced autophagy and pathogen clearance, respectively. These findings demonstrate that caspase 3 activation in the presence of a common risk allele leads to accelerated degradation of ATG16L1, placing cellular stress, apoptotic stimuli and impaired autophagy in a unified pathway that predisposes to Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Murthy
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Ivan Peng
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Mike Reichelt
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Anand Kumar Katakam
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Merone Roose-Girma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jason DeVoss
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Lauri Diehl
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Robert R Graham
- ITGR Human Genetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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11
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Krementsov DN, Wall EH, Martin RA, Subramanian M, Noubade R, Rio RD, Mawe GM, Bond JP, Poynter ME, Blankenhorn EP, Teuscher C. Histamine H(3) receptor integrates peripheral inflammatory signals in the neurogenic control of immune responses and autoimmune disease susceptibility. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62743. [PMID: 23894272 PMCID: PMC3718788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine H3 receptor (Hrh3/H3R) is primarily expressed by neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) where it functions as a presynaptic inhibitory autoreceptor and heteroreceptor. Previously, we identified an H3R-mediated central component in susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the principal autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis (MS), related to neurogenic control of blood brain barrier permeability and peripheral T cell effector responses. Furthermore, we identified Hrh3 as a positional candidate for the EAE susceptibility locus Eae8. Here, we characterize Hrh3 polymorphisms between EAE-susceptible and resistant SJL and B10.S mice, respectively, and show that Hrh3 isoform expression in the CNS is differentially regulated by acute peripheral inflammatory stimuli in an allele-specific fashion. Next, we show that Hrh3 is not expressed in any subpopulations of the immune compartment, and that secondary lymphoid tissue is anatomically poised to be regulated by central H3R signaling. Accordingly, using transcriptome analysis, we show that, inflammatory stimuli elicit unique transcriptional profiles in the lymph nodes of H3RKO mice compared to WT mice, which is indicative of negative regulation of peripheral immune responses by central H3R signaling. These results further support a functional link between the neurogenic control of T cell responses and susceptibility to CNS autoimmune disease coincident with acute and/or chronic peripheral inflammation. Pharmacological targeting of H3R may therefore be useful in preventing the development and formation of new lesions in MS, thereby limiting disease progression.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Hematopoiesis/genetics
- Hematopoiesis/immunology
- Humans
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Intracellular Space/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Isoforms/chemistry
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Histamine H3/chemistry
- Receptors, Histamine H3/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry N. Krementsov
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Emma H. Wall
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Martin
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Meenakumari Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Roxana Del Rio
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Gary M. Mawe
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey P. Bond
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth P. Blankenhorn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Saligrama N, Case LK, del Rio R, Noubade R, Teuscher C. Systemic lack of canonical histamine receptor signaling results in increased resistance to autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 2013; 191:614-22. [PMID: 23772030 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histamine (HA) is a key regulator of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis. HA exerts its effects through four known G-protein-coupled receptors: H1, H2, H3, and H4 (histamine receptors; H(1-4)R). Using HR-deficient mice, our laboratory has demonstrated that H1R, H2R, H3R, and H4R play important roles in EAE pathogenesis, by regulating encephalitogenic T cell responses, cytokine production by APCs, blood-brain barrier permeability, and T regulatory cell activity, respectively. Histidine decarboxylase-deficient mice (HDCKO), which lack systemic HA, exhibit more severe EAE and increased Th1 effector cytokine production by splenocytes in response to myelin oligodendrocyte gp35-55. In an inverse approach, we tested the effect of depleting systemic canonical HA signaling on susceptibility to EAE by generating mice lacking all four known G-protein-coupled-HRs (H(1-4)RKO mice). In this article, we report that in contrast to HDCKO mice, H(1-4)RKO mice develop less severe EAE compared with wild-type animals. Furthermore, splenocytes from immunized H(1-4)RKO mice, compared with wild-type mice, produce a lower amount of Th1/Th17 effector cytokines. The opposing results seen between HDCKO and H1-4RKO mice suggest that HA may signal independently of H1-4R and support the existence of an alternative HAergic pathway in regulating EAE resistance. Understanding and exploiting this pathway has the potential to lead to new disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune and allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresha Saligrama
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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13
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Noubade R, Wong K, Ota N, Rutz S, Valdez P, Peng I, Sebrell A, Caplazi P, DeVoss J, Soriano R, Modrusan Z, Hackney J, Sai T, Ouyang W. NRROS negatively regulates the production of reactive oxygen species in phagocytes during host defense and autoimmunity (P1339). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.63.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytes are essential for host defense against bacterial and fungal infections. Individuals with defects in the ROS production machinery develop chronic granulomatous disease. On the other hand, ROS can cause collateral tissue damage during inflammatory processes and therefore needs to be tightly controlled. Here we describe a novel protein that limits ROS generation by phagocytes upon inflammatory stimuli. We named this protein as Negative Regulator of ROS (NRROS). NRROS is a previously uncharacterized leucine rich repeat containing protein expressed mainly in myeloid cells. NRROS controls protein expression and/or stability of NOX2 and p22phox, the membrane-bound subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex. NRROS deficient cells produce increased ROS upon inflammatory challenges. In vivo, NRROS deficient mice show higher capacity to control invading bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Conversely, these mice develop severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, accompanied with significant mortality, due to oxidative tissue damage in the central nervous system. Interestingly, NRROS expression is differentially regulated by inflammatory stimuli. Tissue necrosis factor-α but not interferon-γ suppresses NRROS expression in macrophages. NRROS, thus, provides a hitherto undefined mechanism for ROS regulation; one that enables phagocytes to control invading pathogens while minimizing collateral tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kit Wong
- 1Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Neko Ota
- 1Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Patricia Valdez
- 2Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Sai
- 1Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
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14
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Saligrama N, Noubade R, Case LK, del Rio R, Teuscher C. Combinatorial roles for histamine H1-H2 and H3-H4 receptors in autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1536-46. [PMID: 22678907 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in which histamine (HA) and its receptors have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. HA exerts its effects through four different G protein-coupled receptors designated H(1)-H(4). We previously examined the effects of traditional single HA receptor (HR) knockouts (KOs) in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the autoimmune model of MS. Our results revealed that H(1) R and H(2) R are propathogenic, while H(3) R and H(4) R are antipathogenic. This suggests that combinatorial targeting of HRs may be an effective disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in MS. To test this hypothesis, we generated H(1) H(2) RKO and H(3) H(4) RKO mice and studied them for susceptibility to EAE. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, H(1) H(2) RKO mice developed a less severe clinical disease course, whereas the disease course of H(3) H(4) RKO mice was more severe. H(1) H(2) RKO mice also developed less neuropathology and disrupted blood brain barrier permeability compared with WT and H(3) H(4) RKO mice. Additionally, splenocytes from immunized H(1) H(2) RKO mice produced less interferon(IFN)-γ and interleukin(IL)-17. These findings support the concept that combined pharmacological targeting of HRs may be an appropriate ancillary DMT in MS and other immunopathologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresha Saligrama
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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15
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Dey A, Seshasayee D, Noubade R, French DM, Liu J, Chaurushiya MS, Kirkpatrick DS, Pham VC, Lill JR, Bakalarski CE, Wu J, Phu L, Katavolos P, LaFave LM, Abdel-Wahab O, Modrusan Z, Seshagiri S, Dong K, Lin Z, Balazs M, Suriben R, Newton K, Hymowitz S, Garcia-Manero G, Martin F, Levine RL, Dixit VM. Loss of the tumor suppressor BAP1 causes myeloid transformation. Science 2012; 337:1541-6. [PMID: 22878500 DOI: 10.1126/science.1221711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
De-ubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 is mutated in a hereditary cancer syndrome with increased risk of mesothelioma and uveal melanoma. Somatic BAP1 mutations occur in various malignancies. We show that mouse Bap1 gene deletion is lethal during embryogenesis, but systemic or hematopoietic-restricted deletion in adults recapitulates features of human myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Knockin mice expressing BAP1 with a 3xFlag tag revealed that BAP1 interacts with host cell factor-1 (HCF-1), O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), and the polycomb group proteins ASXL1 and ASXL2 in vivo. OGT and HCF-1 levels were decreased by Bap1 deletion, indicating a critical role for BAP1 in stabilizing these epigenetic regulators. Human ASXL1 is mutated frequently in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) so an ASXL/BAP1 complex may suppress CMML. A BAP1 catalytic mutation found in a MDS patient implies that BAP1 loss of function has similar consequences in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Dey
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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16
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Saligrama N, Noubade R, Case L, Poynter M, Teuscher C. H1R signaling in antigen presenting cells is dispensable for eliciting pathogenic T cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (123.14). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.123.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The histamine H1 receptor (Hrh1/H1R) was identified as a shared autoimmune disease (SAID) gene in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and autoimmune orchitis, the principal AI models of multiple sclerosis (MS) and idiopathic male infertility, respectively. As a SAID gene, Hrh1/H1R can exert effects in multiple cell types including endothelial cells, T cells, and antigen presenting cells at critical check points during both the induction and effector phases of disease. In this regard, we showed that selective re-expression of H1R by endothelial cells in Hrh1-KO (H1RKO) mice significantly reduced disease severity whereas H1R expression by H1RKO T cells complemented EAE severity and cytokine responses. Given that the H1R has been reported to influence innate immune cell maturation, differentiation, chemotaxis, and cytokine production, which in turn influences CD4+ T cell effector responses, we selectively re-expressed H1R in CD11b+ myeloid cells of H1RKO mice to test the hypothesis that H1R signaling in these cells contributes to EAE susceptibility and/or T cell effector responses. We demonstrate that transgenic re-expression of H1R by H1RKO-CD11b+ cells neither complements EAE susceptibility nor T cell cytokine responses. These results further highlight the cell-specific effects that an AID gene can play in the pathogenesis of complex diseases such as EAE and MS, and the need for cell-specific targeting in optimizing therapeutic interventions based on such genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresha Saligrama
- 1Immunobiology and infectious diseases, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- 5Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont, Vermont, VT
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- 1Immunobiology and infectious diseases, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- 5Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont, Vermont, VT
| | - Laure Case
- 1Immunobiology and infectious diseases, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- 5Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont, Vermont, VT
| | - Matthew Poynter
- 1Immunobiology and infectious diseases, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- 2Vermont lung center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- 3Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Cory Teuscher
- 1Immunobiology and infectious diseases, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- 4Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX
- 5Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont, Vermont, VT
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17
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Rutz S, Noubade R, Eidenschenk C, Singh H, Ouyang W. TGF-β-dependent suppression of IL-22 production in TH17 cells is mediated by the transcription factor c-Maf (163.2). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.163.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
T helper (TH) cells modulate immune responses to better cope with various types of invading pathogens through the production of different effector cytokines. TH17 cells produce Interleukin(IL)-17, and IL-22, and play an indispensable role in host defense against infections of extracellular pathogens. IL-22, a member of the IL-10 cytokine family, enhances proinflammatory innate defense mechanisms from epithelial cells, and provides crucial tissue protection from damages caused by inflammation and infection. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β differentially regulates IL-22 and IL-17 expression. IL-6 alone promotes T cells to only produce IL-22, whereas the combination of IL-6 with high concentrations of TGF-β results in production of IL-17 but not IL-22. Here we identify the transcription factor c-Maf, which is induced by TGF-β, as a downstream repressor of Il22. c-Maf binds to the Il22 promoter, and is both necessary and sufficient for the TGF-β-dependent suppression of IL-22 production in TH17 cells. While a number of factors, such as RORγt, AhR and BATF, have been identified as positive regulators of IL-22 expression, c-Maf is the first transcription factor shown to be involved in its negative regulation. This is even more surprising since c-Maf at the same time is critical in promoting the expression IL-10 and IL-21 in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Rutz
- 1Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
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18
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del Rio R, Noubade R, Saligrama N, Wall EH, Krementsov DN, Poynter ME, Zachary JF, Thurmond RL, Teuscher C. Histamine H4 receptor optimizes T regulatory cell frequency and facilitates anti-inflammatory responses within the central nervous system. J Immunol 2011; 188:541-7. [PMID: 22147765 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is a biogenic amine that mediates multiple physiological processes, including immunomodulatory effects in allergic and inflammatory reactions, and also plays a key regulatory role in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis. The pleiotropic effects of histamine are mediated by four G protein-coupled receptors, as follows: Hrh1/H(1)R, Hrh2/H(2)R, Hrh3/H(3)R, and Hrh4/H(4)R. H(4)R expression is primarily restricted to hematopoietic cells, and its role in autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS has not been studied. In this study, we show that, compared with wild-type mice, animals with a disrupted Hrh4 (H(4)RKO) develop more severe myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)(35\x{2013}55)-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Mechanistically, we also show that H(4)R plays a role in determining the frequency of T regulatory (T(R)) cells in secondary lymphoid tissues, and regulates T(R) cell chemotaxis and suppressor activity. Moreover, the lack of H(4)R leads to an impairment of an anti-inflammatory response due to fewer T(R) cells in the CNS during the acute phase of the disease and an increase in the proportion of Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana del Rio
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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19
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Rutz S, Noubade R, Eidenschenk C, Ota N, Zeng W, Zheng Y, Hackney J, Ding J, Singh H, Ouyang W. Transcription factor c-Maf mediates the TGF-β-dependent suppression of IL-22 production in T(H)17 cells. Nat Immunol 2011; 12:1238-45. [PMID: 22001828 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 22 (IL-22), which is produced by cells of the T(H)17 subset of helper T cells and other leukocytes, not only enhances proinflammatory innate defense mechanisms in epithelial cells but also provides crucial protection to tissues from damage caused by inflammation and infection. In T(H)17 cells, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates IL-22 and IL-17 differently. IL-6 alone induces T cells to produce only IL-22, whereas the combination of IL-6 and high concentrations of TGF-β results in the production of IL-17 but not IL-22 by T cells. Here we identify the transcription factor c-Maf, which is induced by TGF-β, as a downstream repressor of Il22. We found that c-Maf bound to the Il22 promoter and was both necessary and sufficient for the TGF-β-dependent suppression of IL-22 production in T(H)17 cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Interleukins/biosynthesis
- Interleukins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Nucleotide Motifs
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf/metabolism
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Rutz
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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20
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Saligrama N, Noubade R, Del Rio R, Teuscher C. The role of the activating versus inhibitory classes of G protein coupled histamine receptors on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis susceptibility. (47.2). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.47.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) augmented by histamine (HA) and histamine receptor (HR) signaling. To help elucidate the mechanism behind HA and HR signaling on MS susceptibility, we utilize the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model for MS and implement the use of traditional gene knockout studies. HA is known to exert its effects through four different G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) designated as H1R, H2R, H3R and H4R. H1R and H2R couples to the Gαq/11 and Gs class of activating G proteins, respectively, whereas H3R and H4R couples to the Gi/o class of inhibitory G proteins. Each individual HR has been shown to influence EAE pathogenesis. Here we assessed the overall contribution to EAE susceptibility imposed by the two classes of GPCRs by generating C57BL6/J mice deficient for both H1R and H2R (H1H2RKO), as well as mice deficient for both H3R and H4R (H3H4RKO). The results of our study show that H1H2RKO mice exhibit decreased susceptibility to EAE, less severe neuroinflammation with a higher infiltration of T regulatory cells into the CNS, and decreased blood brain barrier permeability compared to H3H4RKO mice. Moreover, we show that splenocytes from immunized H1H2RKO mice produce significantly less IFN-γ and IL-17, which are cytokines known to exacerbate disease. Therefore, the activating class of GPCRs enhances EAE susceptibility compared to the inhibitory class of HRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cory Teuscher
- 1Immunibiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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Krementsov D, Noubade R, del Rio R, Nagaleekar V, Saligrama N, Sabio G, Davis R, Rincon M, Teuscher C. p38 MAP kinase controls pathogenic T cell responses in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (164.8). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.164.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Therapies with limited efficacy are currently available for MS. The presence of autoreactive CD4 T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells in the CNS is thought to be important for MS pathogenesis. Here, we show that pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) by SB203580 (SB) significantly ameliorates clinical EAE elicited by immunization of C57BL/6J mice with MOG35-45 (chronic EAE) and SJL/J mice with PLP135-151 (remitting-relapsing EAE). While SB treatment of actively immunized animals did not prevent immune infiltration of the CNS, it reduced production of IL-17, but not IFNγ by antigen-specific Th cells. Interestingly, when EAE was induced by passive transfer of encephalitogenic Th1-polarized cells, administration of SB to recipients also resulted in prevention of disease, along with reduced CNS infiltration and antigen-specific IFNγ and IL-17 production. Importantly, we show that genetic manipulation of p38 MAPK activity specifically in T cells was sufficient to alter EAE progression and IL-17 production. Taken together, our results indicate that p38 MAPK activation in Th1 and Th17 cells controls their pathogenic functions in autoimmune inflammatory disease of the CNS, suggesting that pharmacological targeting of components of this pathway specifically in T cells may be useful in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roxana del Rio
- 1Immunobiology/Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | | | | | - Roger Davis
- 2University of Massachussetts Med. Sch., Worcester, MA
| | - Mercedes Rincon
- 1Immunobiology/Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Cory Teuscher
- 1Immunobiology/Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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Spach KM, Case LK, Noubade R, Petersen CB, McElvany B, Zalik N, Hickey WF, Blankenhorn EP, Teuscher C. Multiple linked quantitative trait loci within the Tmevd2/Eae3 interval control the severity of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in DBA/2J mice. Genes Immun 2010; 11:649-59. [PMID: 20861860 PMCID: PMC2995842 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2010.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelination (TMEVD) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) are the principal animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). Previously we provided evidence that Tmevd2 and Eae3 may represent either a shared susceptibility locus or members of a gene complex controlling susceptibility to CNS inflammatory demyelinating disease. To explore the genetic relationship between Tmevd2 and Eae3, we generated a D2.C-Tmevd2 interval-specific congenic (ISC) line and three overlapping interval-specific recombinant congenic (ISRC) lines in which the Tmevd2 resistant allele from BALB/cByJ was introgressed onto the TMEVD-susceptible DBA/2J background. These mice, all H2d, were studied for susceptibility to EAE elicited by immunization with PLP180–199. Compared to DBA/2J mice, D2.C-Tmevd2 mice developed a significantly less severe clinical disease course and EAE pathology in the spinal cord, confirming the existence of Eae3 and its linkage to Tmevd2 in this strain combination. Compare to DBA/2J and D2.C-Tmevd2, all three ISRC lines exhibited clinical disease courses of intermediate severity. Neither differences in ex vivo antigen-specific cytokine nor proliferative responses uniquely cosegregated with differences in disease severity. These results indicate that multiple QTL within the Tmevd2/Eae3 interval influence EAE severity, one of which includes a homology region for a QTL found in MS by admixture mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Spach
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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23
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Saligrama N, Del Rio R, Case L, Noubade R, Teuscher C. Evidence supporting the existence of a novel histaminergic pathway in the regulation of EAE susceptibility (143.51). The Journal of Immunology 2010. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.143.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Histamine (HA) is a key regulator of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the autoimmune disease model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Histidine decarboxylase deficient mice (HDCKO), which are unable to synthesize HA, exhibit more severe EAE and increased IFN-γ production by splenocytes in response to MOG35-55. HA exerts its effects through four different G protein coupled receptors (GPCR): H1, H2, H3 and H4 (H1-4R). Each HA-receptor has been shown to influence EAE pathogenesis. In the mammalian brain there is, however, evidence for the existence of non-GPCR signaling by HA which is picrotoxin-sensitive and mediated by chloride conductance. GABAA receptor subunits can form HA-gated chloride channels in vitro suggesting that an ionotropic HA-receptor might contain known ligand-gated chloride channel subunits. To test the hypothesis that non-GPCR signaling by HA plays a role in immune responses, we generated H1-4RKO mice and studied their susceptibility to EAE. Here we report that in contrast to HDCKO mice, H1-4RKO mice develop less severe EAE compared to WT animals. Furthermore, splenocytes from immunized H1-4RKO mice produce significantly less IFN-γ compared to WT mice. Taken together these data support the existence of a novel HA signaling pathway in regulating EAE susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresha Saligrama
- 1Medicine (Immunobiology Section), University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Roxana Del Rio
- 1Medicine (Immunobiology Section), University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Laure Case
- 1Medicine (Immunobiology Section), University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- 1Medicine (Immunobiology Section), University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Cory Teuscher
- 1Medicine (Immunobiology Section), University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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Spach KM, Noubade R, McElvany B, Hickey WF, Blankenhorn EP, Teuscher C. A single nucleotide polymorphism in Tyk2 controls susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 2009; 182:7776-83. [PMID: 19494301 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genes controlling immunopathologic diseases of differing etiopathology may also influence susceptibility to autoimmune disease. B10.D1-H2(q)/SgJ mice with a 2538 G-->A missense mutation in the tyrosine kinase-2 gene (Tyk2) are susceptible to Toxoplasma gondii yet resistant to autoimmune arthritis, unlike the wild-type B10.Q/Ai substrain. To understand whether Tyk2 is also important in a second autoimmune model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in B10.D1-H2(q)/SgJ (Tyk2(A)) and B10.Q/Ai (Tyk2(G)) mice with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 79-96. B10.D1-H2(q)/SgJ mice were resistant to EAE whereas B10.Q/Ai mice were susceptible, and a single copy of the Tyk2(G) allele conferred EAE susceptibility in F(1) hybrids. Furthermore, EAE resistance in B10.D1-H2(q)/SgJ mice was overridden when pertussis toxin (PTX) was used to mimic the effects of environmental factors derived from infectious agents. Numerous cytokines and chemokines were increased when PTX was included in the immunization protocol. However, only RANTES, IL-6, and IFN-gamma increased significantly with both genetic compensation and PTX treatment. These data indicate that Tyk2 is a shared autoimmune disease susceptibility gene whose genetic contribution to disease susceptibility can be modified by environmental factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms like the one that distinguishes Tyk2 alleles are of considerable significance given the potential role of gene-by-environment interactions in autoimmune disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Spach
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Lu C, Pelech S, Zhang H, Bond J, Spach K, Noubade R, Blankenhorn EP, Teuscher C. Pertussis toxin induces angiogenesis in brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Neurosci Res 2009; 86:2624-40. [PMID: 18500752 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis toxin (PTX) is an ancillary adjuvant used to elicit experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the principal autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis. One mechanism whereby PTX potentiates EAE is to increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. To elucidate further the mechanism of action of PTX on the BBB, we investigated the genomic and proteomic responses of isolated mouse brain endothelial cells (MBEC) following intoxication. Among approximately 14,000 mouse genes tracked by cDNA microarray, 34 showed altered expression in response to PTX. More than one-third of these genes have roles in angiogenesis. Accordingly, we show that intoxication of MBEC induces tube formation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. The global effect of PTX on signaling protein levels and phosphorylation in MBEC was investigated by using Kinex antibody microarrays. In total, 113 of 372 pan-specific and 58 of 258 phospho-site-specific antibodies revealed changes >or=25% following intoxication. Increased STAT1 Tyr-701 and Ser-727 phosphorylation; reduced phosphorylation of the activating phospho-sites in Erk1, Erk2, and MAPKAPK2; and decreased phosphorylation of arrestin beta1 Ser-412 and Hsp27 Ser-82 were confirmed by Kinetworks multi-immunoblotting. The importance of signal transduction pathways on PTX-induced MBEC tube formation was evaluated pharmacologically. Inhibition of phospholipase C, MEK1, and p38 MAP kinase had little effect, whereas inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase partially blocked tube formation. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the concept that PTX may lead to increased BBB permeability by altering endothelial plasticity and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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Spach KM, Blake M, Bunn JY, McElvany B, Noubade R, Blankenhorn EP, Teuscher C. Cutting edge: the Y chromosome controls the age-dependent experimental allergic encephalomyelitis sexual dimorphism in SJL/J mice. J Immunol 2009; 182:1789-93. [PMID: 19201829 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a sexually dimorphic, demyelinating disease of the CNS, and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is its principal autoimmune model. Young male SJL/J mice are relatively resistant to EAE whereas older males and SJL/J females of any age are susceptible. By comparing a wide age range of proteolipid protein peptide 139-151 immunized mice, we found that female disease severity remains constant with age. In contrast, EAE disease severity increases with age in SJL/J males, with young males having significantly less severe disease and older males having significantly more disease than equivalently aged females. To determine whether the Y chromosome contributes to this sexual dimorphism, EAE was induced in consomic SJL/J mice carrying a B10.S Y chromosome (SJL.Y(B10.S)). EAE was significantly more severe in young male SJL.Y(B10.S) mice compared with young male SJL/J mice. These studies show that a Y chromosome-linked polymorphism controls the age-dependent EAE sexual dimorphism observed in SJL/J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Spach
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Dienz O, Eaton SM, Bond JP, Neveu W, Moquin D, Noubade R, Briso EM, Charland C, Leonard WJ, Ciliberto G, Teuscher C, Haynes L, Rincon M. The induction of antibody production by IL-6 is indirectly mediated by IL-21 produced by CD4+ T cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:69-78. [PMID: 19139170 PMCID: PMC2626667 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20081571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 6 is a proinflammtory cytokine produced by antigen-presenting cells and nonhematopoietic cells in response to external stimuli. It was initially identified as a B cell growth factor and inducer of plasma cell differentiation in vitro and plays an important role in antibody production and class switching in vivo. However, it is not clear whether IL-6 directly affects B cells or acts through other mechanisms. We show that IL-6 is sufficient and necessary to induce IL-21 production by naive and memory CD4+ T cells upon T cell receptor stimulation. IL-21 production by CD4+ T cells is required for IL-6 to promote B cell antibody production in vitro. Moreover, administration of IL-6 with inactive influenza virus enhances virus-specific antibody production, and importantly, this effect is dependent on IL-21. Thus, IL-6 promotes antibody production by promoting the B cell helper capabilities of CD4+ T cells through increased IL-21 production. IL-6 could therefore be a potential coadjuvant to enhance humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dienz
- Department of Medicine/Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Noubade R, del Rio R, McElvany B, Zachary JF, Millward JM, Wagner DD, Offner H, Blankenhorn EP, Teuscher C. von-Willebrand factor influences blood brain barrier permeability and brain inflammation in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Am J Pathol 2008; 173:892-900. [PMID: 18688020 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Weibel-Palade bodies within endothelial cells are secretory granules known to release von Willebrand Factor (VWF), P-selectin, chemokines, and other stored molecules following histamine exposure. Mice with a disrupted VWF gene (VWFKO) have endothelial cells that are deficient in Weibel-Palade bodies. These mice were used to evaluate the role of VWF and/or Weibel-Palade bodies in Bordetella pertussis toxin-induced hypersensitivity to histamine, a subphenotype of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the principal autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis. No significant differences in susceptibility to histamine between wild-type and VWFKO mice were detected after 3 days; however, histamine sensitivity persisted significantly longer in VWFKO mice. Correspondingly, encephalomyelitis onset was earlier, disease was more severe, and blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability was significantly increased in VWFKO mice, as compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, inflammation was selectively increased in the brains, but not spinal cords, of VWFKO mice as compared with wild-type mice. Early increases in BBB permeability in VWFKO mice were not due to increased encephalitogenic T-cell activity since BBB permeability did not differ in adjuvant-treated VWFKO mice as compared with littermates immunized with encephalitogenic peptide plus adjuvant. Taken together, these data indicate that VWF and/or Weibel-Palade bodies negatively regulate BBB permeability changes and autoimmune inflammatory lesion formation within the brain elicited by peripheral inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Noubade R, Saligrama N, Spach K, Del Rio R, Blankenhorn EP, Kantidakis T, Milligan G, Rincon M, Teuscher C. Autoimmune disease-associated histamine receptor H1 alleles exhibit differential protein trafficking and cell surface expression. J Immunol 2008; 180:7471-9. [PMID: 18490747 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.11.7471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Structural polymorphisms (L263P, M313V, and S331P) in the third intracellular loop of the murine histamine receptor H(1) (H(1)R) are candidates for Bphs, a shared autoimmune disease locus in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and experimental allergic orchitis. The P-V-P haplotype is associated with increased disease susceptibility (H(1)R(S)) whereas the L-M-S haplotype is associated with less severe disease (H(1)R(R)). In this study, we show that selective re-expression of the H(1)R(S) allele in T cells fully complements experimental allergic encephalomyelitis susceptibility and the production of disease-associated cytokines while selective re-expression of the H(1)R(R) allele does not. Mechanistically, we show that the two H(1)R alleles exhibit differential cell surface expression and altered intracellular trafficking, with the H(1)R(R) allele being retained within the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, we show that all three residues (L-M-S) comprising the H(1)R(R) haplotype are required for altered expression. These data are the first to demonstrate that structural polymorphisms influencing cell surface expression of a G protein-coupled receptor in T cells regulates immune functions and autoimmune disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Noubade R, Milligan G, Zachary JF, Blankenhorn EP, del Rio R, Rincon M, Teuscher C. Histamine receptor H1 is required for TCR-mediated p38 MAPK activation and optimal IFN-gamma production in mice. J Clin Invest 2008; 117:3507-18. [PMID: 17965772 DOI: 10.1172/jci32792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Histamine receptor H1 (H1R) is a susceptibility gene in both experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO), 2 classical T cell-mediated models of organ-specific autoimmune disease. Here we showed that expression of H1R in naive CD4+ T cells was required for maximal IFN-gamma production but was dispensable for proliferation. Moreover, H1R signaling at the time of TCR ligation was required for activation of p38 MAPK, a known regulator of IFN-gamma expression. Importantly, selective reexpression of H1R in CD4+ T cells fully complemented both the IFN-gamma production and the EAE susceptibility of H1R-deficient mice. These data suggest that the presence of H1R in CD4+ T cells and its interaction with histamine regulates early TCR signals that lead to Th1 differentiation and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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Spach KM, Noubade R, Blankenhorn EP, Teuscher C. Genetic and environmental factors complement EAE susceptibility in tyk2 mutant B10.DI‐H2q/SgJ (DI) mice. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.668.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Noubade R, Saligrama N, Spach KM, Rio RD, Kantidakis T, Milligan G, Rincon MR, Teuscher C. Polymorphisms in murine histamine receptor H1 leading to differential cell surface expression influence autoimmune disease progression. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.667.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen M Spach
- Medicine/ImmunobiologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT
| | | | - Theodoros Kantidakis
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupInstitute of Biomedical and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Molecular Pharmacology GroupInstitute of Biomedical and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Cory Teuscher
- Medicine/ImmunobiologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT
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del Rio R, Noubade R, Subramanian M, Saligrama N, Diehl S, Rincon M, Teuscher C. SNPs upstream of the minimal promoter control IL-2 expression and are candidates for the autoimmune disease-susceptibility locus Aod2/Idd3/Eae3. Genes Immun 2008; 9:115-21. [PMID: 18200031 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IL-2, a T-cell growth and differentiation factor, plays an important role in immune homeostasis. Previously, we identified IL2 as a candidate for Aod2, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling susceptibility to autoimmune ovarian dysgenesis (AOD) induced by day 3 neonatal thymectomy. Here, we report the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a region upstream of the minimal IL2 promoter (-2.8 kb to -300 bp), which distinguish AOD-susceptible A/J and AOD-resistant C57BL/6J (B6/J) mice. Six of the SNPs (-1010 C --> T, -962 C --> T, -926/-925 Delta Delta --> AC, -921 T --> C, -914 T --> C and -674 G --> A) contribute to the enhanced transcriptional activity of the extended B6/J promoter relative to A/J. Importantly, the -1010 SNP resides within a canonical AP-1-binding motif with the C --> T transition at this site abrogating AP-1 binding. Moreover, these SNPs segregate with differential production of IL-2 by CD4(+) T cells as well as susceptibility alleles at Idd3 and Eae3, QTL controlling insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. These are the first SNPs identified within the extended murine IL2 promoter that control differential IL-2 transcription in CD4(+) T cells, and, as such, they are not only candidates for Aod2, but are also candidates for a shared autoimmune disease-susceptibility locus underlying Idd3 and Eae3.
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Affiliation(s)
- R del Rio
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 5405, USA
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Teuscher C, Subramanian M, Noubade R, Gao JF, Offner H, Zachary JF, Blankenhorn EP. Central histamine H3 receptor signaling negatively regulates susceptibility to autoimmune inflammatory disease of the CNS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:10146-51. [PMID: 17548817 PMCID: PMC1891222 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702291104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine (HA), a biogenic amine with a broad spectrum of activities in both physiological and pathological settings, plays a key regulatory role in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis. HA exerts its effect through four G protein-coupled receptors designated HA receptor H1, H2, H3, and H4. We report here that, compared with wild-type animals, mice with a disrupted HA H3 receptor (H3RKO), the expression of which is normally confined to cells of the nervous system, develop more severe disease and neuroinflammation. We show that this effect is associated with dysregulation of blood-brain barrier permeability and increased expression of MIP-2, IP-10, and CXCR3 by peripheral T cells. Our data suggest that pharmacological targeting of the H3R may be useful in preventing the development and formation of new lesions in multiple sclerosis, thereby significantly limiting the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Teuscher
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Noubade R, Rincon M, Teuscher C. IFN-gamma production by CD4 T cells requires Histamine H1 receptor during their initial phase of activation (87.25). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.87.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Histamine H1 receptor (H1R) signaling in T cells plays an important role Th1 effector functions. H1R is an autoimmune susceptibility gene controlling experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). H1R knockout (H1RKO) mice also develop significantly less severe EAE compared to C57BL/6J wild-type mice in association with immune deviation of the CD4+ T-cell response from a Th1- to a Th2-like response. Little is known about the role of direct H1R signaling in the regulation of T-cell effector responses. In this study, T-cells from C57BL/6J and H1RKO mice were used to study H1R signaling in directly regulating such responses. Attempts to restore IFN-gammaproduction in H1RKO T-cells following retroviral transduction of the H1R were unsuccessful. In contrast, H1RKO transgenic mice selectively expressing the H1R in peripheral CD4+ T-cells under the control of the distal-lck promoter restored the IFN-gamma response and susceptibility to EAE in an H1R gene dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, activated H1RKO CD4+ T-cells show reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase compared to T-cells from wild-type mice which was again restored in activated T-cells from transgenic mice. These results show that H1R signaling regulates IFN-gamma production in CD4+ effector T-cells by direct signaling during initial activation of naïve T-cells through phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Noubade
- Medicine, University of Vermont, Given building, 89 Beaumont ave, Burlington, VT, 05405
| | - Mercedes Rincon
- Medicine, University of Vermont, Given building, 89 Beaumont ave, Burlington, VT, 05405
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Medicine, University of Vermont, Given building, 89 Beaumont ave, Burlington, VT, 05405
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Teuscher C, Subramanian M, Noubade R, Gao JF, Offner H, Zachary JF, Blankenhorn EP. Central Histamine H3 Receptor Signaling Negatively Regulates Autoimmune Inflammation (129.31). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.129.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Histamine is a ubiquitous regulator of diverse physiologic processes including inflammation, immune modulation and neurotransmission. Four subtypes of histamine receptors are currently recognized and genetic and pharmacological studies have shown that the H1 and H2 receptors play a role in susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the primary autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis. Histamine H3 receptor (H3R), which is not expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a presynaptic auto- and hetero-receptor. Here we show that H3RKO mice develop significantly more severe acute phase clinical disease and neuropathology compared to wild-type controls. In H3RKO mice this is preceded by disruption of the blood brain barrier and increased chemokine/chemokine receptor expression in peripheral T-cells. These data are consistent with inhibition of H3R-mediated neurogenic control of cerebrovascular tone and T-cell function. Additionally, genetic studies indicate that an H3R polymorphism leading to differential expression of H3R isoforms underlies eae8, a locus controlling disease associated weight loss, a phenotype known to be regulated by central H3R activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Teuscher
- 1Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405,
| | - Meena Subramanian
- 1Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405,
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- 1Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405,
| | - Jian Feng Gao
- 1Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405,
| | - Halina Offner
- 2Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239,
| | - James F. Zachary
- 3Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61802,
| | - Elizabeth P. Blankenhorn
- 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129
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Teuscher C, Noubade R, Spach K, McElvany B, Bunn JY, Fillmore PD, Zachary JF, Blankenhorn EP. Evidence that the Y chromosome influences autoimmune disease in male and female mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:8024-9. [PMID: 16702550 PMCID: PMC1472423 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600536103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis, is a complex disease influenced by genetic, intrinsic, and environmental factors. In this study, we questioned whether parent-of-origin effects influence EAE, using reciprocal F2 intercross progeny generated between EAE-susceptible SJL/J (S) and EAE-resistant B10.S/SgMcdJ (B) mice. EAE susceptibility and severity were found to be different in female BS x BS intercross mice as compared with females from the three other birth crosses (BS x SB, SB x SB, and SB x BS), and in fact, both traits in female mice resembled those of their male siblings. This masculinization is associated with transmission of the SJL/J Y chromosome and an increased male-to-female sex ratio. Related studies using progeny of C57BL/6J Y-chromosome substitution strains demonstrate that the Y chromosome again influences EAE in both male and female mice, and that the disease course in females resembles that of their male littermates. Importantly, these data provide experimental evidence supporting the existence of a Y-chromosome polymorphism capable of modifying autoimmune disease susceptibility in both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Teuscher
- Department of Medicine and Pathology and Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Noubade R, Krishnamurthy GV, Murag S, Venkatesha MD, Krishnappa G. Differentiation of pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires by polymerase chain reaction. Indian J Med Microbiol 2002; 20:33-6. [PMID: 17657021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the differences between pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires. METHOD A total of 275 samples were collected from different sources out of which 107 were subjected to PCR and bacteriological culturing. Two sets of primers were used for detection of leptospiral DNA and differentiation of pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires. Differentiation was also carried out by conventional methods. RESULTS Twenty seven samples were found positive by PCR ut of which 26 were pathogenic and one was saprophytic. Culturing in EMJH medium yielded four isolates, of which isolates from sera were found to be pathogenic and isolate from water was found to be saprophytic. CONCLUSION From the present study, it was concluded that PCR is simple, specific and rapid method for detection as well as differentiation of leptospires when compared to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Noubade
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, India
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