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Barth N, Mendive-Tapia L, Subiros-Funosas R, Ghashghaie O, Lavilla R, Maiorino L, He XY, Dransfield I, Egeblad M, Vendrell M. A Bivalent Activatable Fluorescent Probe for Screening and Intravital Imaging of Chemotherapy-induced Cancer Cell Death. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113020. [PMID: 34762762 PMCID: PMC8991960 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection and quantification of apoptotic cells is a key process in cancer research, particularly during the screening of anticancer therapeutics and in mechanistic studies using preclinical models. Intravital optical imaging enables high‐resolution visualisation of cellular events in live organisms; however, there are few fluorescent probes that can reliably provide functional readouts in situ without interference from tissue autofluorescence. We report the design and optimisation of the fluorogenic probe Apotracker Red for real‐time detection of cancer cell death. The strong fluorogenic behaviour, high selectivity, and excellent stability of Apotracker Red make it a reliable optical reporter for the characterisation of the effects of anticancer drugs in cells in vitro and for direct imaging of chemotherapy‐induced apoptosis in vivo in mouse models of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Barth
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Ouldouz Ghashghaie
- University of Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Faculty of Pharmacy, SPAIN
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- University of Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Faculty of Pharmacy, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, UNITED STATES
| | - Xue-Yan He
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, UNITED STATES
| | - Ian Dransfield
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for inflammation research, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, UNITED STATES
| | - Marc Vendrell
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UNITED KINGDOM
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2
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Barth ND, Subiros-Funosas R, Mendive-Tapia L, Duffin R, Shields MA, Cartwright JA, Henriques ST, Sot J, Goñi FM, Lavilla R, Marwick JA, Vermeren S, Rossi AG, Egeblad M, Dransfield I, Vendrell M. A fluorogenic cyclic peptide for imaging and quantification of drug-induced apoptosis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4027. [PMID: 32788676 PMCID: PMC7423924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death or apoptosis is a central biological process that is dysregulated in many diseases, including inflammatory conditions and cancer. The detection and quantification of apoptotic cells in vivo is hampered by the need for fixatives or washing steps for non-fluorogenic reagents, and by the low levels of free calcium in diseased tissues that restrict the use of annexins. In this manuscript, we report the rational design of a highly stable fluorogenic peptide (termed Apo-15) that selectively stains apoptotic cells in vitro and in vivo in a calcium-independent manner and under wash-free conditions. Furthermore, using a combination of chemical and biophysical methods, we identify phosphatidylserine as a molecular target of Apo-15. We demonstrate that Apo-15 can be used for the quantification and imaging of drug-induced apoptosis in preclinical mouse models, thus creating opportunities for assessing the in vivo efficacy of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapeutics. Programmed cell death or apoptosis is an essential biological process that is impaired in some diseases and can be used to assess the effectiveness of drugs. Here the authors design Apo-15 as a fluorogenic peptide for the detection and real-time imaging of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Barth
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rodger Duffin
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mario A Shields
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | | | - Sónia Troeira Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jesus Sot
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Campus de Leioa, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Felix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Campus de Leioa, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Biomedicine U. Barcelona (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John A Marwick
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sonja Vermeren
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Ian Dransfield
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK.
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3
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Subiros-Funosas R, Ho VCL, Barth ND, Mendive-Tapia L, Pappalardo M, Barril X, Ma R, Zhang CB, Qian BZ, Sintes M, Ghashghaei O, Lavilla R, Vendrell M. Fluorogenic Trp(redBODIPY) cyclopeptide targeting keratin 1 for imaging of aggressive carcinomas. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1368-1374. [PMID: 34123261 PMCID: PMC8148049 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05558d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 1 (KRT1) is overexpressed in squamous carcinomas and associated with aggressive pathologies in breast cancer. Herein we report the design and preparation of the first Trp-based red fluorogenic amino acid, which is synthetically accessible in a few steps and displays excellent photophysical properties, and its application in a minimally-disruptive labelling strategy to prepare a new fluorogenic cyclopeptide for imaging of KRT1+ cells in whole intact tumour tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Subiros-Funosas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Vivian Cheuk Lam Ho
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Nicole D Barth
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Morena Pappalardo
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Barril
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ruoyu Ma
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Cheng-Bin Zhang
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Miquel Sintes
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) Avda Joan XXIII 27-30 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Ouldouz Ghashghaei
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) Avda Joan XXIII 27-30 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) Avda Joan XXIII 27-30 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
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Treadwell R, de Moliner F, Subiros-Funosas R, Hurd T, Knox K, Vendrell M. A fluorescent activatable probe for imaging intracellular Mg 2+ . Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:239-244. [PMID: 29256562 PMCID: PMC5789582 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02965a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An BODIPY probe for detection and imaging of Mg2+ without interference from Ca2+ is described.
An activatable BODIPY probe for in vitro detection and fluorescence cell imaging of free Mg2+ without interference from Ca2+ is described. Fluorescence amplification of the probe is observed upon detection of physiological concentrations of Mg2+ due to reduced rotation of the fluorophore and effective chelation by a quinolizine-based core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Treadwell
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK.
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Fernandez A, Vermeren M, Humphries D, Subiros-Funosas R, Barth N, Campana L, MacKinnon A, Feng Y, Vendrell M. Chemical Modulation of in Vivo Macrophage Function with Subpopulation-Specific Fluorescent Prodrug Conjugates. ACS Cent Sci 2017; 3:995-1005. [PMID: 28979941 PMCID: PMC5620981 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory agents represent one of the most promising strategies for enhancing tissue regeneration without the side effects of traditional drug-based therapies. Tissue repair depends largely on macrophages, making them ideal targets for proregenerative therapies. However, given the multiple roles of macrophages in tissue homeostasis, small molecule drugs must be only active in very specific subpopulations. In this work, we have developed the first prodrug-fluorophore conjugates able to discriminate closely related subpopulations of macrophages (i.e., proinflammatory M1 vs anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages), and employed them to deplete M1 macrophages in vivo without affecting other cell populations. Selective intracellular activation and drug release enabled simultaneous fluorescence cell tracking and ablation of M1 macrophages in vivo, with the concomitant rescue of a proregenerative phenotype. Ex vivo assays in human monocyte-derived macrophages validate the translational potential of this novel platform to develop chemical immunomodulatory agents as targeted therapies for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernandez
- MRC/UoE
Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research
Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Vermeren
- MRC/UoE
Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research
Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Humphries
- MRC/UoE
Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research
Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ramon Subiros-Funosas
- MRC/UoE
Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research
Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Barth
- MRC/UoE
Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research
Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lara Campana
- MRC
Centre for Regenerative Medicine, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Alison MacKinnon
- MRC/UoE
Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research
Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Feng
- MRC/UoE
Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research
Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Vendrell
- MRC/UoE
Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research
Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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6
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Mendive-Tapia L, Subiros-Funosas R, Zhao C, Albericio F, Read ND, Lavilla R, Vendrell M. Preparation of a Trp-BODIPY fluorogenic amino acid to label peptides for enhanced live-cell fluorescence imaging. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1588-1619. [PMID: 28703788 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent peptides are valuable tools for live-cell imaging because of the high specificity of peptide sequences for their biomolecular targets. When preparing fluorescent versions of peptides, labels must be introduced at appropriate positions in the sequences to provide suitable reporters while avoiding any impairment of the molecular recognition properties of the peptides. This protocol describes the preparation of the tryptophan (Trp)-based fluorogenic amino acid Fmoc-Trp(C2-BODIPY)-OH and its incorporation into peptides for live-cell fluorescence imaging-an approach that is applicable to most peptide sequences. Fmoc-Trp(C2-BODIPY)-OH contains a BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) fluorogenic core, which works as an environmentally sensitive fluorophore, showing high fluorescence in lipophilic conditions. It is attached to Trp via a spacer-free C-C linkage, resulting in a labeled amino acid that can mimic the molecular interactions of Trp, enabling wash-free imaging. This protocol covers the chemical synthesis of the fluorogenic amino acid Fmoc-Trp(C2-BODIPY)-OH (3-4 d), the preparation of the labeled antimicrobial peptide BODIPY-cPAF26 by solid-phase synthesis (6-7 d) and its spectral and biological characterization as a live-cell imaging probe for different fungal pathogens. As an example, we include a procedure for using BODIPY-cPAF26 for wash-free imaging of fungal pathogens, including real-time visualization of Aspergillus fumigatus (5 d for culturing, 1-2 d for imaging).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Subiros-Funosas
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Can Zhao
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nick D Read
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Subiros-Funosas R, Mendive-Tapia L, Sot J, Pound JD, Barth N, Varela Y, Goñi FM, Paterson M, Gregory CD, Albericio F, Dransfield I, Lavilla R, Vendrell M. A Trp-BODIPY cyclic peptide for fluorescence labelling of apoptotic bodies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:945-948. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07879f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and characterization of a Trp-BODIPY fluorogenic peptide for labelling subcellular bodies released by human apoptotic cells.
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Cherkupally P, Acosta GA, Nieto-Rodriguez L, Spengler J, Rodriguez H, Khattab SN, El-Faham A, Shamis M, Luxembourg Y, Prohens R, Subiros-Funosas R, Albericio F. K-Oxyma: a Strong Acylation-Promoting, 2-CTC Resin-Friendly Coupling Additive. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jastrzabek KG, Subiros-Funosas R, Albericio F, Kolesinska B, Kaminski ZJ. 4-(4,6-di[2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylomorpholinium tetrafluoroborate. Triazine-based coupling reagents designed for coupling sterically hindered substrates. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4506-13. [PMID: 21495695 DOI: 10.1021/jo2002038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
4-(4,6-Di[2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylomorpholinium tetrafluoroborate (DFET/NMM/BF(4)) was prepared and used as a reagent for coupling sterically hindered substrates. The formation of the appropriate triazine "superactive" ester in a reaction of DFET/NMM/BF(4) with carboxylic acids was confirmed. The efficiency of the reagent has been studied in the synthesis of Leu-enkephaline pentapeptide carried out on a Fmoc-RinkAmide-AM-PS resin, by systematically modifying the -Gly-Gly- fragment for N-methyl or α,α-disubstituted residues and compared with the efficiency of classic aminium salt 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) under a variety of reaction conditions. In syntheses of Aib-Aib (Aib: α-aminoisobutyric acid), MeVal-MeVal, and MeLeu-MeLeu, the considerably superior performance of enkephaline analogues was obtained for DFET/NMM/BF(4) relative to TBTU, regardless of reaction conditions. Analysis of the couplings involving triazine reagent suggests that factors controlling efficiency of coupling sterically hindered substrates are the structure of the leaving group permitting formation of the cyclic intermediate or cyclic transition state and the absence of strongly solvating solvents. It has to be considered as highly probable that the absence of strongly solvating milieu favors cyclic intermediates or the cyclic transition state. Arrangement of both components into the cyclic intermediate or cyclic transition state by accumulation of the geminal (vicinal) substituents effect (known as the Thorpe-Ingold effect) would compensate retardation of the coupling process caused by steric hindrance.
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Subiros-Funosas R, Acosta GA, El-Faham A, Albericio F. Microwave irradiation and COMU: a potent combination for solid-phase peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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