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McAllister MJ, Hall R, Whelan RJ, Fischer LJ, Chuah CS, Cartlidge PD, Drury B, Rutherford DG, Duffin RM, Cartwright JA, Dorward DA, Rossi AG, Ho GT. Formylated Peptide Receptor-1-Mediated Gut Inflammation as a Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Crohns Colitis 360 2024; 6:otae003. [PMID: 38352118 PMCID: PMC10862654 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Formylated peptide receptor (FPR)-1 is a G-coupled receptor that senses foreign bacterial and host-derived mitochondrial formylated peptides (FPs), leading to innate immune system activation. Aim We sought to investigate the role of FPR1-mediated inflammation and its potential as a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods We characterized FPR1 gene and protein expression in 8 human IBD (~1000 patients) datasets with analysis on disease subtype, mucosal inflammation, and drug response. We performed in vivo dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis in C57/BL6 FPR1 knockout mice. In ex vivo studies, we studied the role of mitochondrial FPs and pharmacological blockade of FPR1 using cyclosporin H in human peripheral blood neutrophils. Finally, we assess mitochondrial FPs as a potential mechanistic biomarker in the blood and stools of patients with IBD. Results Detailed in silico analysis in human intestinal biopsies showed that FPR1 is highly expressed in IBD (n = 207 IBD vs 67 non-IBD controls, P < .001), and highly correlated with gut inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) (both P < .001). FPR1 receptor is predominantly expressed in leukocytes, and we showed significantly higher FPR1+ve neutrophils in inflamed gut tissue section in IBD (17 CD and 24 UC; both P < .001). Further analysis in 6 independent IBD (data available under Gene Expression Omnibus accession numbers GSE59071, GSE206285, GSE73661, GSE16879, GSE92415, and GSE235970) showed an association with active gut inflammation and treatment resistance to infliximab, ustekinumab, and vedolizumab. FPR1 gene deletion is protective in murine DSS colitis with lower gut neutrophil inflammation. In the human ex vivo neutrophil system, mitochondrial FP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit-6 (ND6) is a potent activator of neutrophils resulting in higher CD62L shedding, CD63 expression, reactive oxygen species production, and chemotactic capacity; these effects are inhibited by cyclosporin H. We screened for mitochondrial ND6 in IBD (n = 54) using ELISA and detected ND6 in stools with median values of 2.2 gg/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 0.0-4.99; range 0-53.3) but not in blood. Stool ND6 levels, however, were not significantly correlated with paired stool calprotectin, C-reactive protein, and clinical IBD activity. Conclusions Our data suggest that FPR1-mediated neutrophilic inflammation is a tractable target in IBD; however, further work is required to clarify the clinical utility of mitochondrial FPs as a potential mechanistic marker for future stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milly J McAllister
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Rebecca Hall
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Robert J Whelan
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Lena J Fischer
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Cher S Chuah
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Peter D Cartlidge
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Broc Drury
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Duncan G Rutherford
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Rodger M Duffin
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Jennifer A Cartwright
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David A Dorward
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Gwo-tzer Ho
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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Cartwright JA, Simpson JP, Homer NZM, Rossi AG. Correction: Analysis of AT7519 as a pro-resolution compound in an acetaminophen-induced mouse model of acute inflammation by UPLC-MS/MS. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:27. [PMID: 37587445 PMCID: PMC10428648 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Cartwright
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Midlothian, UK.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK.
| | - Joanna P Simpson
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Midlothian, UK
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Cartwright JA, Simpson JP, Homer NZM, Rossi AG. Analysis of AT7519 as a pro-resolution compound in an acetaminophen-induced mouse model of acute inflammation by UPLC-MS/MS. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:20. [PMID: 37291548 PMCID: PMC10251596 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled inflammation contributes to the progression of organ damage in acute conditions, such as acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury (APAP-ALI) and there are limited treatments for this condition. AT7519, a cyclic-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI), has been used successfully in several conditions, to resolve inflammation and return tissue homeostatic functions. AT7519 has not been assessed in APAP-ALI and its effect on APAP metabolism is unknown. Targeted chromatography and mass spectrometry can be used to assess multiple compounds simultaneously and this approach has not been applied yet to measure APAP and AT7519 in a mouse model. RESULTS We show an optimised simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determining concentrations of AT7519 and APAP in low volumes of mouse serum. Using positive ion mode electrospray ionisation, separation of AT7519 and APAP and their corresponding isotopically labelled internal standards [2H]8-AT16043M (d8-AT7519) and [2H]8-APAP (d4-APAP), was achieved on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm; 1.7μm). A gradient mobile phase system of water and methanol was delivered at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min with a run time of 9 min. Calibration curves were linear, intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable and the covariates of all standards and quality control replicates were less than 15%. The method was successfully applied to evaluate AT7519 and APAP levels 20 h post AT7519 (10 mg/mg) in C57Bl6J wild type mouse serum treated with either vehicle or APAP. Serum AT7519 was significantly higher in mice that had received APAP compared to control, but there was no correlation between APAP and AT7519 quantification. There was also no correlation of AT7519 and hepatic damage or proliferation markers. CONCLUSION We optimised an LC-MS/MS method to quantify both AT7519 and APAP in mouse serum (50 µL), using labelled internal standards. Application of this method to a mouse model of APAP toxicity proved effective in accurately measuring APAP and AT7519 concentrations after i.p. dosing. AT7519 was significantly higher in mice with APAP toxicity, indicating hepatic metabolism of this CDKI, but there was no correlation with markers of hepatic damage or proliferation, demonstrating that this dose of AT7519 (10 mg/kg) does not contribute to hepatic damage or repair. This optimised method can be used for future investigations of AT7519 in APAP in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Cartwright
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH16 4UU, United Kingdom.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4UU, UK.
| | - Joanna P Simpson
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
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McAllister MJ, Kirkwood K, Chuah SC, Thompson EJ, Cartwright JA, Russell CD, Dorward DA, Lucas CD, Ho GT. Intestinal Protein Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Fatal COVID-19 Infection. Inflammation 2022; 45:567-572. [PMID: 34697723 PMCID: PMC8545358 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 contributes to morbidity and mortality mainly as a result of immune-pathology in the lungs. Recent data has shown multi-system involvement with widespread viral tropism. Here we present a detailed intestinal protein characterisation of SARS-Cov-2 entry molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease ([IBD]; ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD]) with age- and sex-matched non-IBD controls, and in those with fatal COVID-19 infection. In our dataset, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 displayed a membrane enterocyte staining in the ileum (due to presence of brush border/microvilli) in contrast to a cytoplasmic pattern in the colon. We also showed a high ACE2/low TMPRSS2 expression pattern in the ileum with a reverse trend in the colon. In UC, colonic ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are cytoplasmic in nature, with significantly higher ACE2 staining intensity compared to non-IBD controls. In inflamed and unaffected IBD mucosa, ileal and colonic enterocyte ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressions are not modified in the histologic presence of inflammation. We observed immune cells within the lamina propria that expressed ACE2 and TMPRSS2, at higher frequencies in IBD when compared to non-IBD controls. These were identified as plasma cells with multiple myeloma oncogene 1/interferon regulatory factor 4 (MUM1/IRF4) expression. We further analysed the gut histology of six fatal COVID-19 cases, with no difference in colonic and ileal ACE2/TMRPSS2 staining (compared to non-IBD controls) and identified ACE2 + lamina propria plasma cells. Of interest, in this COVID-19 cohort, there was no histologic evidence gut inflammation despite known evidence of viral tropism within the enterocytes. Our data provides evidence for tissue expression of entry molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 including a close apposition to plasma cells - both pointing towards a role of the gut in the antecedent immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milly J McAllister
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kathryn Kirkwood
- Gastroenterology and Pathology Department, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Shaun C Chuah
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Emily J Thompson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jennifer A Cartwright
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Clark D Russell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David A Dorward
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Gwo-Tzer Ho
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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McHugh BJ, Stephen J, Robb CT, Fox S, Kipari T, Cartwright JA, Haslett C, Duffin R, Lucas CD, Rossi AG. Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9 Downregulates Cytokine Production Without Detrimentally Affecting Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Viability. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:905315. [PMID: 35693926 PMCID: PMC9178253 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.905315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor drugs (CDKi), such as R-roscovitine and AT7519, induce neutrophil apoptosis in vitro and enhance the resolution of inflammation in a number of in vivo models. This class of compounds are potential novel therapeutic agents that could promote the resolution of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions where neutrophil activation contributes to tissue damage and aberrant tissue repair. In this study we investigated CDKi effects on macrophage pro-inflammatory mediator production and viability. Treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) with the CDKi AT7519 and R-roscovitine at concentrations that induce neutrophil apoptosis had no significant effect on control or LPS-activated MDM apoptosis and viability, and did not detrimentally affect MDM efferocytosis of apoptotic cells. In addition, enhanced efferocytosis, induced by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, was also unaffected after a short time treatment with R-roscovitine. Macrophage cytokine responses to inflammatory stimuli are also of importance during inflammation and resolution. As a key target of CDKi, CDK9, is involved in protein transcription via the RNA polymerase II complex, we investigated the effect of CDKi drugs on cytokine production. Our data show that treatment with AT7519 significantly downregulated expression and release of key MDM cytokines IL-6, TNF, IL-10 and IL-1β, as well as markers of pro-inflammatory macrophage polarisation. R-Roscovitine was also able to downregulate inflammatory cytokine protein secretion from MDMs. Using siRNA transfection, we demonstrate that genetic knock-down of CDK9 replicates these findings, reducing expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, overexpression of CDK9 in THP-1 cells can promote a pro-inflammatory phenotype in these cells, suggesting that CDK9 plays an important role in the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages. Overall, this study demonstrates that pharmacological and genetic targeting of CDK9 inhibits an inflammatory phenotype in human MDMs. As such these data indicate that CDK9 may be key to therapeutically targeting pro-inflammatory macrophage functions during chronic inflammation.
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Titmarsh HF, Woods GA, Cartwright JA, Kilpatrick S, Gaylor D, Berry J, Gow A, Bommer NX, Gunn-Moore D, Handel I, Mellanby RJ. Low vitamin D status is associated with anaemia in hospitalised cats. Vet Rec 2021; 187:e6. [PMID: 33638545 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major physiological role of vitamin D has traditionally been considered to be the regulation of calcium homeostasis and maintenance of skeletal health. However, there is increasing evidence that vitamin D influences a wider range of physiological processes including erythropoiesis. Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D) deficiency concentrations have been associated with anaemia in human beings. In contrast, the relationship between vitamin D status and erythropoiesis has not been investigated in cats. METHODS Clinical records of cats consecutively presenting between November 2013 and February 2015 were reviewed. For each cat, data including sex, age, breed, serum albumin and creatinine concentrations, and appetite scores were extracted. A multivariable linear regression model was constructed to examine the relationship between 25(OH)D concentrations and these variables. RESULTS Cats with anaemia had significantly lower 25(OH)D concentrations (median 49.5 nmol/l, n=31) than cats with packed cell volume above the lower limit of the reference range (median 109.0 nmol/l, n=130) (P<0.001). A binary logistic regression found that red blood cell count and mean corpuscular volume were negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations (P<0.001 and P=0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION Vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is positively associated with red blood cell count and mean corpuscular volume in cats with a wide range of different illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Faye Titmarsh
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Glynn Alan Woods
- Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jennifer A Cartwright
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK.,Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Scott Kilpatrick
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Donna Gaylor
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jaqueline Berry
- Clinical Biochemistry, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Gow
- Internal Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nick X Bommer
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danielle Gunn-Moore
- Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Handel
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Cartwright JA, Pérez-Accino J, Timothy C, Simpson KW, Salavati Schmitz S. Acute Ulcerative Enterocolitis With Severe Protein Loss Due to Mucosal Invasion With Enterococcus spp. in a Dog With Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: A Case Report. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:577642. [PMID: 33195581 PMCID: PMC7644445 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.577642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an unusual case of severe acute protein-losing enteropathy in a dog, which presented with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This dog's condition could not be categorized as any well-known canine intestinal condition. Instead, components of several enteropathies like acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS), chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE), and ulcerative and granulomatous colitis were present. Thorough investigations identified concurrent exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and hypocobalaminemia. On histopathology, marked diffuse chronic-active ileitis and ulcerative colitis with fibroplasia and neovascularization were present. Intestinal biopsy cultures identified E.coli and multiresistant Enterococcus spp. The latter was identified as mucosally invasive using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Protracted clinical signs following the acute presentation required intensive care including enteral and parenteral feeding for a successful outcome, but eventually stabilized with antibiotics and immunosuppressive doses of glucocorticoids. This case highlights a potentially previously unrecognized condition, suspected to be a form of CIE manifesting acutely after bacterial mucosal invasion. In this case, this might have been facilitated by EPI-induced dysbiosis. The use of FISH and mucosal culture in this context provided important clinical information and should be considered more frequently in CIE and non-responsive AHDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Cartwright
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Pérez-Accino
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Timothy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth W Simpson
- Simpson Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Silke Salavati Schmitz
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Barth ND, Subiros-Funosas R, Mendive-Tapia L, Duffin R, Shields MA, Cartwright JA, Henriques ST, Sot J, Goñi FM, Lavilla R, Marwick JA, Vermeren S, Rossi AG, Egeblad M, Dransfield I, Vendrell M. A fluorogenic cyclic peptide for imaging and quantification of drug-induced apoptosis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4027. [PMID: 32788676 PMCID: PMC7423924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death or apoptosis is a central biological process that is dysregulated in many diseases, including inflammatory conditions and cancer. The detection and quantification of apoptotic cells in vivo is hampered by the need for fixatives or washing steps for non-fluorogenic reagents, and by the low levels of free calcium in diseased tissues that restrict the use of annexins. In this manuscript, we report the rational design of a highly stable fluorogenic peptide (termed Apo-15) that selectively stains apoptotic cells in vitro and in vivo in a calcium-independent manner and under wash-free conditions. Furthermore, using a combination of chemical and biophysical methods, we identify phosphatidylserine as a molecular target of Apo-15. We demonstrate that Apo-15 can be used for the quantification and imaging of drug-induced apoptosis in preclinical mouse models, thus creating opportunities for assessing the in vivo efficacy of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapeutics. Programmed cell death or apoptosis is an essential biological process that is impaired in some diseases and can be used to assess the effectiveness of drugs. Here the authors design Apo-15 as a fluorogenic peptide for the detection and real-time imaging of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Barth
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rodger Duffin
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mario A Shields
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | | | - Sónia Troeira Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jesus Sot
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Campus de Leioa, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Felix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Campus de Leioa, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Biomedicine U. Barcelona (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John A Marwick
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sonja Vermeren
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Ian Dransfield
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK.
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Ho GT, Cartwright JA, Thompson EJ, Bain CC, Rossi AG. Resolution of Inflammation and Gut Repair in IBD: Translational Steps Towards Complete Mucosal Healing. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1131-1143. [PMID: 32232386 PMCID: PMC7365805 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant recent therapeutic advances, complete mucosal healing remains a difficult treatment target for many patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) to achieve. Our review focuses on the translational concept of promoting resolution of inflammation and repair as a necessary adjunctive step to reach this goal. We explore the roles of inflammatory cell apoptosis and efferocytosis to promote resolution, the new knowledge of gut monocyte-macrophage populations and their secreted prorepair mediators, and the processes of gut epithelial repair and regeneration to bridge this gap. We discuss the need and rationale for this vision and the tangible steps toward integrating proresolution therapies in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-tzer Ho
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom,Address correspondence to: Gwo-tzer Ho, FRCP, PhD, Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom ()
| | - Jennifer A Cartwright
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J Thompson
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Calum C Bain
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Felton JM, Dorward DA, Cartwright JA, Potey PM, Robb CT, Gui J, Craig RW, Schwarze J, Haslett C, Duffin R, Dransfield I, Lucas CD, Rossi AG. Mcl-1 protects eosinophils from apoptosis and exacerbates allergic airway inflammation. Thorax 2020; 75:600-605. [PMID: 32303624 PMCID: PMC7361019 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are key effector cells in allergic diseases. Here we investigated Mcl-1 (an anti-apoptotic protein) in experimental allergic airway inflammation using transgenic overexpressing human Mcl-1 mice (hMcl-1) and reducing Mcl-1 by a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Overexpression of Mcl-1 exacerbated allergic airway inflammation, with increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cellularity, eosinophil numbers and total protein, and an increase in airway mucus production. Eosinophil apoptosis was suppressed by Mcl-1 overexpression, with this resistance to apoptosis attenuated by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition which also rescued Mcl-1-exacerbated allergic airway inflammation. We propose that targeting Mcl-1 may be beneficial in treatment of allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Felton
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David A Dorward
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Jennifer A Cartwright
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Philippe Md Potey
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Calum T Robb
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Jingang Gui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Ruth W Craig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Christopher Haslett
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Rodger Duffin
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Ian Dransfield
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
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11
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Cartwright JA, Lucas CD, Rossi AG. Inflammation Resolution and the Induction of Granulocyte Apoptosis by Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Drugs. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:55. [PMID: 30886578 PMCID: PMC6389705 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a necessary dynamic tissue response to injury or infection and it's resolution is essential to return tissue homeostasis and function. Defective or dysregulated inflammation resolution contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of many, often common and challenging to treat human conditions. The transition of inflammation to resolution is an active process, involving the clearance of inflammatory cells (granulocytes), a change of mediators and their receptors, and prevention of further inflammatory cell infiltration. This review focuses on the use of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor drugs to pharmacologically target this inflammatory resolution switch, specifically through inducing granulocyte apoptosis and phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis). The key processes and pathways required for granulocyte apoptosis, recruitment of phagocytes and mechanisms of engulfment are discussed along with the cumulating evidence for cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor drugs as pro-resolution therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Cartwright
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D. Lucas
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano G. Rossi
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Cartwright JA, Gow AG, Milne E, Drummond D, Smith S, Handel I, Mellanby RJ. Vitamin D Receptor Expression in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:764-774. [PMID: 29469965 PMCID: PMC5866978 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence linking low blood vitamin D concentration to numerous diseases in people and in dogs. Vitamin D influences cellular function by signaling through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Little is known about which non‐skeletal tissues express the VDR or how inflammation influences its expression in the dog. Objectives To define which non‐skeletal canine tissues express the VDR and to investigate expression in inflamed small intestine. Animals Thirteen non‐skeletal tissues were collected prospectively from 6 control dogs. Thirty‐five dogs diagnosed with a chronic enteropathy (CE) and 24 control dogs were prospectively enrolled and duodenal biopsies were evaluated for VDR expression. Methods Prospective; blinded assessment of canine intestinal VDR. Dogs with CE were included once other identifiable causes of intestinal disease were excluded. Age matched controls were included with no intestinal clinical signs. VDR expression was assessed immunohistochemically in all samples, using a Rat IgG VDR monoclonal antibody. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was also used for duodenal biopsies. Results VDR expression as assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was highest in the kidney, duodenum, skin, ileum and spleen, and weak in the colon, heart, lymph node, liver, lung, and ovary. Gastric and testicular tissue did not express the VDR. There was no statistical difference in duodenal VDR expression between the 24 healthy dogs and 34 dogs with CE when quantified by either qPCR (P = 0.87) or IHC (P = 0.099). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The lack of down regulation of VDR expression in inflamed intestine contrasts with previous studies in humans. Our findings support future studies to investigate whether vitamin D and its analogues can be used to modulate intestinal inflammation in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cartwright
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - A G Gow
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - E Milne
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - D Drummond
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - S Smith
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - I Handel
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - R J Mellanby
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
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13
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Titmarsh HF, Cartwright JA, Kilpatrick S, Gaylor D, Milne EM, Berry JL, Bommer NX, Gunn-Moore D, Reed N, Handel I, Mellanby RJ. Relationship between vitamin D status and leukocytes in hospitalised cats. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 19:364-369. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15625454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Vitamin D deficiency, as assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations, has been linked to markers of systemic inflammation in human and canine medicine. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and inflammation has not been previously investigated in cats. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and leukocyte counts in hospitalised sick cats. Methods Serum 25(OH)D concentrations and haematology profiles were measured in 170 consecutive hospitalised sick cats. A binary logistical regression model examined the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration, age, sex, breed and neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil and lymphocyte counts. Results Cats with neutrophilia had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than cats with neutrophil concentrations below the upper limit of the reference interval (RI). There were no differences in serum 25(OH)D concentrations in cats with monocyte, lymphocyte or eosinophil counts above their respective RI compared with cats with counts below the upper limit of the RI. Conclusions and relevance Hospitalised cats with a neutrophil count above the RI had lower vitamin D status. There is a need to establish whether lower vitamin D status is a cause or consequence of increased neutrophil counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen F Titmarsh
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Jennifer A Cartwright
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Scott Kilpatrick
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Donna Gaylor
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Elspeth M Milne
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Jacqueline L Berry
- Specialist Assay Laboratory (Vitamin D), Clinical Biochemistry, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas X Bommer
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Danièlle Gunn-Moore
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Nicola Reed
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
- Current address: Wear Referrals, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Ian Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
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14
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Cartwright JA, Hill TL, Smith S, Shaw D. Evaluating Quality and Adequacy of Gastrointestinal Samples Collected using Reusable or Disposable Forceps. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1002-7. [PMID: 27255591 PMCID: PMC5089600 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sample quality of gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies is of paramount importance for accurate histological diagnosis. Many veterinary practices use reusable forceps as a result of perceived decreased cost. With reusable forceps, it remains unknown whether sample quality declines with repeated use and becomes inferior to single‐use forceps and is therefore more or less cost effective than single‐use forceps. Hypothesis/Objectives The study hypothesis was that reusable forceps sample quality would deteriorate after repeated use as compared to single‐use forceps. Animals Sixty‐five dogs undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy for diagnostic investigations at the Hospital for Small Animals, Edinburgh University. Method A prospective, pathologist‐blinded study comparing single‐use and reusable alligator standard cup biopsy forceps (Olympus 2.0 mm 1550 mm) with 5 randomized reusable forceps. Sample quality (stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon) was assessed by a single pathologist using the WSAVA guidelines. Results There was no difference in the adequacy, depth, villi number, or crush artifact in the 4 intestinal areas between forceps type with at least 10, and up to 15, repeated uses of the reusable forceps. Conclusions and clinical importance This study demonstrates that reusable cup biopsy forceps provide equivalent biopsy quality after repeated uses to single‐use forceps and are cost effective at 10‐case use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cartwright
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - T L Hill
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - S Smith
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - D Shaw
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
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15
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Cartwright JA, Breheny C, Major AC, Hill TL, Gow AG. IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-A CASE OF SPONTANEOUS HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN GAS IN AN 11-MONTH-OLD WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:E54-7. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Cartwright
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - Craig Breheny
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - Alison C. Major
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - Tracy L. Hill
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - Adam G. Gow
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
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16
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Titmarsh HF, Gow AG, Kilpatrick S, Cartwright JA, Milne EM, Philbey AW, Berry J, Handel I, Mellanby RJ. Low Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Systemic and Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Dogs with a Chronic Enteropathy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137377. [PMID: 26333093 PMCID: PMC4557950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D deficiency, as assessed by serum concentrations of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), has been linked to the development of over-zealous and inappropriate inflammation in humans. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and inflammation in dogs is ill-defined. Chronic enteropathies (CE) are frequently diagnosed in client owned dogs, have a wide range of serum 25(OH)D concentrations, and represent a spontaneous model in which to probe the relationship between vitamin D and inflammation. The hypothesis of this study was that vitamin D status would be negatively associated with systemic and gastrointestinal inflammation in dogs with a CE. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and markers of systemic and gastrointestinal inflammation in a cohort of dogs with CE. Methods and Materials Serum 25(OH)D concentrations, together with neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil and lymphocyte counts, duodenal histopathology scores, serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα concentrations and were measured in 39 dogs with histologically confirmed CE. A linear regression model examined the relationship between serum 25(OH)D status and measures of inflammation. Results Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were negatively associated with neutrophil and monocyte counts, duodenal histopathology scores and serum IL-2 and IL-8 concentrations. Dogs with low serum 25(OH)D concentrations typically had an inflammatory signature characterised by high monocyte and neutrophil numbers together with low lymphocyte numbers. There is a need to establish whether low vitamin D status is a cause or consequence of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen F. Titmarsh
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Adam G. Gow
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Kilpatrick
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Cartwright
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Elspeth M. Milne
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian W. Philbey
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Berry
- Vitamin D Research Laboratory, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Mellanby
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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17
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Cartwright JA, Gow DJ, Gow AG, Handel I, Reed N, Brown AJ, Cash R, Foote A, Mackenzie D, Bell R, Mellanby RJ. Serum cardiac troponin I concentrations decrease following treatment of primary immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:516-20. [PMID: 26134761 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The measurement of serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in dogs with a range of non-primary cardiac illnesses suggests that cardiac myocyte damage is commonplace. Dogs with primary immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia have increased serum cardiac troponin I concentrations at the time of diagnosis. However, it is unclear whether biochemical evidence of cardiac myocyte damage improves following successful treatment of anaemia. METHODS A haematology profile was performed and serum cardiac troponin I concentrations were measured in 19 dogs with primary immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia before and after treatment. RESULTS The haematocrit increased significantly (P = 0 · 0001) following treatment of primary IMHA (median pre: 0 · 13 L/L, median post: 0 · 33 L/L). The serum cardiac troponin I concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0 · 05) after treatment (median pre: 0 · 26 ng/mL, median post: 0 · 16 ng/mL). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Serum cardiac troponin I concentration decreases following successful treatment of primary immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. The clinical and prognostic significance of serum cardiac troponin I concentrations before and after treatment in dogs with primary immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cartwright
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - D J Gow
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - A G Gow
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - I Handel
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - N Reed
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - A J Brown
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
| | - R Cash
- Rossdale & Partners, Beaufort Cottage Laboratories, Suffolk CB8 8JS
| | - A Foote
- Rossdale & Partners, Beaufort Cottage Laboratories, Suffolk CB8 8JS
| | | | - R Bell
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, Cambridge CB8 0UH
| | - R J Mellanby
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
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18
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Burd RS, Cartwright JA, Klein MD. Factors associated with the resolution of postoperative ileus in newborn infants. Int J Surg Investig 2003; 2:499-502. [PMID: 12678131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Reliable indicators of ileus resolution following laparotomy have not been identified in newborn infants. The purpose of this study was to correlate commonly available clinical parameters with the resolution of postoperative ileus in newborn infants after abdominal procedures. The presentation, treatment, and postoperative abdominal examination of 60 consecutive newborn infants who underwent a heterogeneous group of primary abdominal operations were evaluated. No significant association was observed between the time to first bowel movement (resolution of ileus) and age, postconceptual age, weight, degree of intraabdominal contamination, duration of surgery, type of operative procedure, presence or absence of abdominal distension, and time to first bowel sounds. Opioid use was associated with a delay in the time to first bowel movement that was not accounted for by the effects of any other variable. Easily obtainable clinical parameters are not universally useful for predicting the duration of ileus in newborn infants after abdominal surgery. The use of opioids is associated with delayed resolution of ileus. Measures to limit the use of opioids may be effective in shortening the duration of postoperative ileus in newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Burd
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Surgery, Children Hospital, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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