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Broman MT, Nadadur RD, Perez-Cervantes C, Burnicka-Turek O, Lazarevic S, Gams A, Laforest B, Steimle JD, Iddir S, Wang Z, Smith L, Mazurek SR, Olivey HE, Zhou P, Gadek M, Shen KM, Khan Z, Theisen JWM, Yang XH, Ikegami K, Efimov IR, Pu WT, Weber CR, McNally EM, Svensson EC, Moskowitz IP. A Genomic Link From Heart Failure to Atrial Fibrillation Risk: FOG2 Modulates a TBX5/GATA4-Dependent Atrial Gene Regulatory Network. Circulation 2024; 149:1205-1230. [PMID: 38189150 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) is clear, with up to half of patients with HF progressing to AF. The pathophysiological basis of AF in the context of HF is presumed to result from atrial remodeling. Upregulation of the transcription factor FOG2 (friend of GATA2; encoded by ZFPM2) is observed in human ventricles during HF and causes HF in mice. METHODS FOG2 expression was assessed in human atria. The effect of adult-specific FOG2 overexpression in the mouse heart was evaluated by whole animal electrophysiology, in vivo organ electrophysiology, cellular electrophysiology, calcium flux, mouse genetic interactions, gene expression, and genomic function, including a novel approach for defining functional transcription factor interactions based on overlapping effects on enhancer noncoding transcription. RESULTS FOG2 is significantly upregulated in the human atria during HF. Adult cardiomyocyte-specific FOG2 overexpression in mice caused primary spontaneous AF before the development of HF or atrial remodeling. FOG2 overexpression generated arrhythmia substrate and trigger in cardiomyocytes, including calcium cycling defects. We found that FOG2 repressed atrial gene expression promoted by TBX5. FOG2 bound a subset of GATA4 and TBX5 co-bound genomic locations, defining a shared atrial gene regulatory network. FOG2 repressed TBX5-dependent transcription from a subset of co-bound enhancers, including a conserved enhancer at the Atp2a2 locus. Atrial rhythm abnormalities in mice caused by Tbx5 haploinsufficiency were rescued by Zfpm2 haploinsufficiency. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional changes in the atria observed in human HF directly antagonize the atrial rhythm gene regulatory network, providing a genomic link between HF and AF risk independent of atrial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Broman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology (M.T.B., B.L., S.R.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Rangarajan D Nadadur
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Carlos Perez-Cervantes
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Ozanna Burnicka-Turek
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Sonja Lazarevic
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Anna Gams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University (A.G., I.R.E.), Washington, DC
| | - Brigitte Laforest
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology (M.T.B., B.L., S.R.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Sabrina Iddir
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Zhezhen Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Linsin Smith
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Stefan R Mazurek
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology (M.T.B., B.L., S.R.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Harold E Olivey
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Northwest, Gary (H.E.O.)
| | - Pingzhu Zhou
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, China (P.Z.)
| | - Margaret Gadek
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Kaitlyn M Shen
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Zoheb Khan
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Joshua W M Theisen
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Xinan H Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Division of Molecular and Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (K.I.)
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University (A.G., I.R.E.), Washington, DC
| | - William T Pu
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Christopher R Weber
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Pathology (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., C.R.W., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
- Human Genetics (R.D.N., C.P.-C., O.B.-T., S.L., J.D.S., S.I., Z.W., L.S., M.G., K.M.S., Z.K., J.W.M.T., X.H.Y., I.P.M.), University of Chicago, IL
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2
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Steimle JD, Kim C, Rowton M, Nadadur RD, Wang Z, Stocker M, Hoffmann AD, Hanson E, Kweon J, Sinha T, Choi K, Black BL, Cunningham JM, Moskowitz IP, Ikegami K. ETV2 primes hematoendothelial gene enhancers prior to hematoendothelial fate commitment. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112665. [PMID: 37330911 PMCID: PMC10592526 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying distinct specification, commitment, and differentiation phases of cell fate determination remain undefined due to difficulties capturing these processes. Here, we interrogate the activity of ETV2, a transcription factor necessary and sufficient for hematoendothelial differentiation, within isolated fate intermediates. We observe transcriptional upregulation of Etv2 and opening of ETV2-binding sites, indicating new ETV2 binding, in a common cardiac-hematoendothelial progenitor population. Accessible ETV2-binding sites are active at the Etv2 locus but not at other hematoendothelial regulator genes. Hematoendothelial commitment coincides with the activation of a small repertoire of previously accessible ETV2-binding sites at hematoendothelial regulators. Hematoendothelial differentiation accompanies activation of a large repertoire of new ETV2-binding sites and upregulation of hematopoietic and endothelial gene regulatory networks. This work distinguishes specification, commitment, and sublineage differentiation phases of ETV2-dependent transcription and suggests that the shift from ETV2 binding to ETV2-bound enhancer activation, not ETV2 binding to target enhancers, drives hematoendothelial fate commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Steimle
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chul Kim
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Megan Rowton
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rangarajan D Nadadur
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhezhen Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Matthew Stocker
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew D Hoffmann
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Erika Hanson
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tanvi Sinha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John M Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Division of Molecular and Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Lipovsky CE, Jimenez J, Guo Q, Li G, Yin T, Hicks SC, Bhatnagar S, Takahashi K, Zhang DM, Brumback BD, Goldsztejn U, Nadadur RD, Perez-Cervantez C, Moskowitz IP, Liu S, Zhang B, Rentschler SL. Chamber-specific transcriptional responses in atrial fibrillation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135319. [PMID: 32841220 PMCID: PMC7526559 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, yet the molecular signature of the vulnerable atrial substrate is not well understood. Here, we delineated a distinct transcriptional signature in right versus left atrial cardiomyocytes (CMs) at baseline and identified chamber-specific gene expression changes in patients with a history of AF in the setting of end-stage heart failure (AF+HF) that are not present in heart failure alone (HF). We observed that human left atrial (LA) CMs exhibited Notch pathway activation and increased ploidy in AF+HF but not in HF alone. Transient activation of Notch signaling within adult CMs in a murine genetic model is sufficient to increase ploidy in both atrial chambers. Notch activation within LA CMs generated a transcriptomic fingerprint resembling AF, with dysregulation of transcription factor and ion channel genes, including Pitx2, Tbx5, Kcnh2, Kcnq1, and Kcnip2. Notch activation also produced distinct cellular electrophysiologic responses in LA versus right atrial CMs, prolonging the action potential duration (APD) without altering the upstroke velocity in the left atrium and reducing the maximal upstroke velocity without altering the APD in the right atrium. Our results support a shared human/murine model of increased Notch pathway activity predisposing to AF. Distinct transcriptional changes occur in human left versus right atrial cardiomyocytes in atrial fibrillation, including Notch pathway activation, which alters electric properties and ploidy in murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Lipovsky
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division.,Department of Developmental Biology, and
| | | | - Qiusha Guo
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tiankai Yin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division
| | | | - Somya Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division.,Department of Developmental Biology, and
| | | | | | - Brittany D Brumback
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Uri Goldsztejn
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rangarajan D Nadadur
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carlos Perez-Cervantez
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, and
| | - Stacey L Rentschler
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division.,Department of Developmental Biology, and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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4
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Burnicka-Turek O, Broman MT, Steimle JD, Boukens BJ, Petrenko NB, Ikegami K, Nadadur RD, Qiao Y, Arnolds DE, Yang XH, Patel VV, Nobrega MA, Efimov IR, Moskowitz IP. Transcriptional Patterning of the Ventricular Cardiac Conduction System. Circ Res 2020; 127:e94-e106. [PMID: 32290757 PMCID: PMC8328577 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The heartbeat is organized by the cardiac conduction system (CCS), a specialized network of cardiomyocytes. Patterning of the CCS into atrial node versus ventricular conduction system (VCS) components with distinct physiology is essential for the normal heartbeat. Distinct node versus VCS physiology has been recognized for more than a century, but the molecular basis of this regional patterning is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To study the genetic and genomic mechanisms underlying node versus VCS distinction and investigate rhythm consequences of failed VCS patterning. METHODS AND RESULTS Using mouse genetics, we found that the balance between T-box transcriptional activator, Tbx5, and T-box transcriptional repressor, Tbx3, determined the molecular and functional output of VCS myocytes. Adult VCS-specific removal of Tbx5 or overexpression of Tbx3 re-patterned the fast VCS into slow, nodal-like cells based on molecular and functional criteria. In these cases, gene expression profiling showed diminished expression of genes required for VCS-specific fast conduction but maintenance of expression of genes required for nodal slow conduction physiology. Action potentials of Tbx5-deficient VCS myocytes adopted nodal-specific characteristics, including increased action potential duration and cellular automaticity. Removal of Tbx5 in vivo precipitated inappropriate depolarizations in the atrioventricular (His)-bundle associated with lethal ventricular arrhythmias. TBX5 bound and directly activated cis-regulatory elements at fast conduction channel genes required for fast physiological characteristics of the VCS action potential, defining the identity of the adult VCS. CONCLUSIONS The CCS is patterned entirely as a slow, nodal ground state, with a T-box dependent, physiologically dominant, fast conduction network driven specifically in the VCS. Disruption of the fast VCS gene regulatory network allowed nodal physiology to emerge, providing a plausible molecular mechanism for some lethal ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozanna Burnicka-Turek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael T. Broman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Steimle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bastiaan J. Boukens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nataliya B. Petrenko
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rangarajan D. Nadadur
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yun Qiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - David E. Arnolds
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xinan H. Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Vickas V. Patel
- Discovery Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Marcelo A. Nobrega
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Igor R. Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Ivan P. Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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5
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Dai W, Nadadur RD, Brennan JA, Smith HL, Shen KM, Gadek M, Laforest B, Wang M, Gemel J, Li Y, Zhang J, Ziman BD, Yan J, Ai X, Beyer EC, Lakata EG, Kasthuri N, Efimov IR, Broman MT, Moskowitz IP, Shen L, Weber CR. ZO-1 Regulates Intercalated Disc Composition and Atrioventricular Node Conduction. Circ Res 2020; 127:e28-e43. [PMID: 32347164 PMCID: PMC7334106 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE ZO-1 (Zona occludens 1), encoded by the tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) gene, is a regulator of paracellular permeability in epithelia and endothelia. ZO-1 interacts with the actin cytoskeleton, gap, and adherens junction proteins and localizes to intercalated discs in cardiomyocytes. However, the contribution of ZO-1 to cardiac physiology remains poorly defined. OBJECTIVE We aim to determine the role of ZO-1 in cardiac function. METHODS AND RESULTS Inducible cardiomyocyte-specific Tjp1 deletion mice (Tjp1fl/fl; Myh6Cre/Esr1*) were generated by crossing the Tjp1 floxed mice and Myh6Cre/Esr1* transgenic mice. Tamoxifen-induced loss of ZO-1 led to atrioventricular (AV) block without changes in heart rate, as measured by ECG and ex vivo optical mapping. Mice with tamoxifen-induced conduction system-specific deletion of Tjp1 (Tjp1fl/fl; Hcn4CreERt2) developed AV block while tamoxifen-induced conduction system deletion of Tjp1 distal to the AV node (Tjp1fl/fl; Kcne1CreERt2) did not demonstrate conduction defects. Western blot and immunostaining analyses of AV nodes showed that ZO-1 loss decreased Cx (connexin) 40 expression and intercalated disc localization. Consistent with the mouse model study, immunohistochemical staining showed that ZO-1 is abundantly expressed in the human AV node and colocalizes with Cx40. Ventricular conduction was not altered despite decreased localization of ZO-1 and Cx43 at the ventricular intercalated disc and modestly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, suggesting ZO-1 is differentially required for AV node and ventricular conduction. CONCLUSIONS ZO-1 is a key protein responsible for maintaining appropriate AV node conduction through maintaining gap junction protein localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Dai
- Pathology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Rangarajan D. Nadadur
- Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jaclyn A. Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052
| | - Heather L. Smith
- Pathology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Kaitlyn M. Shen
- Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Margaret Gadek
- Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Brigitte Laforest
- Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institution on Aging-NIH, BRC-9B0127 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Joanna Gemel
- Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ye Li
- Pathology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institution on Aging-NIH, BRC-9B0127 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Bruce D. Ziman
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institution on Aging-NIH, BRC-9B0127 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Jiajie Yan
- Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, 1750 West Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Xun Ai
- Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, 1750 West Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Eric C. Beyer
- Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Edward G. Lakata
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institution on Aging-NIH, BRC-9B0127 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Narayanan Kasthuri
- Neurobiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Igor R. Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052
| | - Michael T. Broman
- Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Ivan P. Moskowitz
- Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Le Shen
- Pathology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
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6
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van Ouwerkerk AF, Hall AW, Kadow ZA, Lazarevic S, Reyat JS, Tucker NR, Nadadur RD, Bosada FM, Bianchi V, Ellinor PT, Fabritz L, Martin J, de Laat W, Kirchhof P, Moskowitz I, Christoffels VM. Epigenetic and Transcriptional Networks Underlying Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Res 2020; 127:34-50. [PMID: 32717170 PMCID: PMC8315291 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have uncovered over a 100 genetic loci associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia. Many of the top AF-associated loci harbor key cardiac transcription factors, including PITX2, TBX5, PRRX1, and ZFHX3. Moreover, the vast majority of the AF-associated variants lie within noncoding regions of the genome where causal variants affect gene expression by altering the activity of transcription factors and the epigenetic state of chromatin. In this review, we discuss a transcriptional regulatory network model for AF defined by effector genes in Genome-wide association studies loci. We describe the current state of the field regarding the identification and function of AF-relevant gene regulatory networks, including variant regulatory elements, dose-sensitive transcription factor functionality, target genes, and epigenetic states. We illustrate how altered transcriptional networks may impact cardiomyocyte function and ionic currents that impact AF risk. Last, we identify the need for improved tools to identify and functionally test transcriptional components to define the links between genetic variation, epigenetic gene regulation, and atrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette F. van Ouwerkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amelia W. Hall
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zachary A. Kadow
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sonja Lazarevic
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jasmeet S. Reyat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nathan R. Tucker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Rangarajan D. Nadadur
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fernanda M. Bosada
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valerio Bianchi
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- SWBH and UHB NHS Trusts, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jim Martin
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Wouter de Laat
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- SWBH and UHB NHS Trusts, Birmingham, UK
- University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Vincent M. Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Perez-Cervantes C, Smith LA, Nadadur RD, Hughes AEO, Wang S, Corbo JC, Cepko C, Lonfat N, Moskowitz IP. Enhancer transcription identifies cis-regulatory elements for photoreceptor cell types. Development 2020; 147:dev184432. [PMID: 31915147 PMCID: PMC7033740 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Identification of cell type-specific cis-regulatory elements (CREs) is crucial for understanding development and disease, although identification of functional regulatory elements remains challenging. We hypothesized that context-specific CREs could be identified by context-specific non-coding RNA (ncRNA) profiling, based on the observation that active CREs produce ncRNAs. We applied ncRNA profiling to identify rod and cone photoreceptor CREs from wild-type and mutant mouse retinas, defined by presence or absence, respectively, of the rod-specific transcription factor (TF) NrlNrl-dependent ncRNA expression strongly correlated with epigenetic profiles of rod and cone photoreceptors, identified thousands of candidate rod- and cone-specific CREs, and identified motifs for rod- and cone-specific TFs. Colocalization of NRL and the retinal TF CRX correlated with rod-specific ncRNA expression, whereas CRX alone favored cone-specific ncRNA expression, providing quantitative evidence that heterotypic TF interactions distinguish cell type-specific CRE activity. We validated the activity of novel Nrl-dependent ncRNA-defined CREs in developing cones. This work supports differential ncRNA profiling as a platform for the identification of cell type-specific CREs and the discovery of molecular mechanisms underlying TF-dependent CRE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Perez-Cervantes
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Linsin A Smith
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rangarajan D Nadadur
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew E O Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sui Wang
- Departments of Genetics and Ophthalmology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph C Corbo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Constance Cepko
- Departments of Genetics and Ophthalmology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicolas Lonfat
- Departments of Genetics and Ophthalmology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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8
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Dai W, Laforest B, Tyan L, Shen KM, Nadadur RD, Alvarado FJ, Mazurek SR, Lazarevic S, Gadek M, Wang Y, Li Y, Valdivia HH, Shen L, Broman MT, Moskowitz IP, Weber CR. A calcium transport mechanism for atrial fibrillation in Tbx5-mutant mice. eLife 2019; 8:41814. [PMID: 30896405 PMCID: PMC6428569 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk for Atrial Fibrillation (AF), the most common human arrhythmia, has a major genetic component. The T-box transcription factor TBX5 influences human AF risk, and adult-specific Tbx5-mutant mice demonstrate spontaneous AF. We report that TBX5 is critical for cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, providing a molecular mechanism underlying the genetic implication of TBX5 in AF. We show that cardiomyocyte action potential (AP) abnormalities in Tbx5-deficient atrial cardiomyocytes are caused by a decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2)-mediated SR calcium uptake which was balanced by enhanced trans-sarcolemmal calcium fluxes (calcium current and sodium/calcium exchanger), providing mechanisms for triggered activity. The AP defects, cardiomyocyte ectopy, and AF caused by TBX5 deficiency were rescued by phospholamban removal, which normalized SERCA function. These results directly link transcriptional control of SERCA2 activity, depressed SR Ca2+ sequestration, enhanced trans-sarcolemmal calcium fluxes, and AF, establishing a mechanism underlying the genetic basis for a Ca2+-dependent pathway for AF risk. The human heart contains four distinct chambers that work together to pump blood around the body. In individuals with a condition called atrial fibrillation, two of the chambers (known as the atria) beat irregularly and are unable to push all the blood they hold into the other two chambers of the heart. This can cause heart failure and increases the likelihood of blood clots, which may lead to stroke and heart attacks. Small molecules called calcium ions play a crucial role in regulating how and when the atria contract by driving electrical activity in heart cells. To contract the atria, a storage compartment within heart cells known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions into the main compartment of the cells. Calcium ions also enter the cell from the surrounding tissue. As the atria relax, calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum or out of the cell by specific transport proteins. Individuals with mutations in a gene called Tbx5 are more likely to develop atrial fibrillation than other people, but it was not clear how such gene mutations contribute to the disease. Here, Dai, Laforest et al. used mice with a mutation in the Tbx5 gene to study how defects in Tbx5 affect electrical activity in heart cells. The experiments found that the Tbx5 gene was critical for calcium ions to drive normal electrical activity in mouse heart cells. Compared with heart cells from normal mice, the heart cells from the mutant mice had decreased flow of calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and increased flow of calcium ions out of the cell. These findings provide a direct link between atrial fibrillation and the flow of calcium ions in heart cells. Together with previous work, these findings indicate that multiple different mechanisms could lead to atrial fibrillation, but that many of these involve changes in the flow of calcium ions. Therefore, personalized medicine, where clinicians uncover the specific mechanisms responsible for atrial fibrillation in individual patients, may play an important role in treating this condition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Dai
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Brigitte Laforest
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Leonid Tyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Kaitlyn M Shen
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Rangarajan D Nadadur
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Francisco J Alvarado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States
| | - Stefan R Mazurek
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Sonja Lazarevic
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Margaret Gadek
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Yitang Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Hector H Valdivia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, United States
| | - Le Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Michael T Broman
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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9
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Iorga A, Umar S, Ruffenach G, Aryan L, Li J, Sharma S, Motayagheni N, Nadadur RD, Bopassa JC, Eghbali M. Estrogen rescues heart failure through estrogen receptor Beta activation. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:48. [PMID: 30376877 PMCID: PMC6208048 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, we showed that exogenous treatment with estrogen (E2) rescues pre-existing advanced heart failure (HF) in mice. Since most of the biological actions of E2 are mediated through the classical estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and/or beta (ERβ), and both these receptors are present in the heart, we examined the role of ERα and ERβ in the rescue action of E2 against HF. Methods Severe HF was induced in male mice by transverse aortic constriction-induced pressure overload. Once the ejection fraction (EF) reached ~ 35%, mice were treated with selective agonists for ERα (PPT, 850 μg/kg/day), ERβ (DPN, 850 μg/kg/day), or E2 (30 μg/kg/day) together with an ERβ-antagonist (PHTPP, 850 μg/kg/day) for 10 days. Results EF of HF mice was significantly improved to 45.3 ± 2.1% with diarylpropionitrile (DPN) treatment, but not with PPT (31.1 ± 2.3%). E2 failed to rescue HF in the presence of PHTPP, as there was no significant improvement in the EF at the end of the 10-day treatment (32.5 ± 5.2%). The improvement of heart function in HF mice treated with ERβ agonist DPN was also associated with reduced cardiac fibrosis and increased cardiac angiogenesis, while the ERα agonist PPT had no significant effect on either cardiac fibrosis or angiogenesis. Furthermore, DPN improved hemodynamic parameters in HF mice, whereas PPT had no significant effect. Conclusions E2 treatment rescues pre-existing severe HF mainly through ERβ. Rescue of HF by ERβ activation is also associated with stimulation of cardiac angiogenesis, suppression of fibrosis, and restoration of hemodynamic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Iorga
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Present address: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Liver, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Soban Umar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gregoire Ruffenach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Laila Aryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Salil Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Negar Motayagheni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Present Address: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Rangarajan D Nadadur
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jean C Bopassa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Present address: Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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10
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Yang XH, Nadadur RD, Hilvering CR, Bianchi V, Werner M, Mazurek SR, Gadek M, Shen KM, Goldman JA, Tyan L, Bekeny J, Hall JM, Lee N, Perez-Cervantes C, Burnicka-Turek O, Poss KD, Weber CR, de Laat W, Ruthenburg AJ, Moskowitz IP. Transcription-factor-dependent enhancer transcription defines a gene regulatory network for cardiac rhythm. eLife 2017; 6:31683. [PMID: 29280435 PMCID: PMC5745077 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The noncoding genome is pervasively transcribed. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) generated from enhancers have been proposed as a general facet of enhancer function and some have been shown to be required for enhancer activity. Here we examine the transcription-factor-(TF)-dependence of ncRNA expression to define enhancers and enhancer-associated ncRNAs that are involved in a TF-dependent regulatory network. TBX5, a cardiac TF, regulates a network of cardiac channel genes to maintain cardiac rhythm. We deep sequenced wildtype and Tbx5-mutant mouse atria, identifying ~2600 novel Tbx5-dependent ncRNAs. Tbx5-dependent ncRNAs were enriched for tissue-specific marks of active enhancers genome-wide. Tbx5-dependent ncRNAs emanated from regions that are enriched for TBX5-binding and that demonstrated Tbx5-dependent enhancer activity. Tbx5-dependent ncRNA transcription provided a quantitative metric of Tbx5-dependent enhancer activity, correlating with target gene expression. We identified RACER, a novel Tbx5-dependent long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) required for the expression of the calcium-handling gene Ryr2. We illustrate that TF-dependent enhancer transcription can illuminate components of TF-dependent gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinan H Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Rangarajan D Nadadur
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Catharina Re Hilvering
- Hubrecht Institute-Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan, Netherlands
| | - Valerio Bianchi
- Hubrecht Institute-Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan, Netherlands
| | - Michael Werner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Stefan R Mazurek
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Margaret Gadek
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Kaitlyn M Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Joseph Aaron Goldman
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Leonid Tyan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Jenna Bekeny
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Johnathon M Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Nutishia Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Carlos Perez-Cervantes
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Ozanna Burnicka-Turek
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Christopher R Weber
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Wouter de Laat
- Hubrecht Institute-Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan, Netherlands
| | - Alexander J Ruthenburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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Nadadur RD, Broman MT, Boukens B, Mazurek SR, Yang X, van den Boogaard M, Bekeny J, Gadek M, Ward T, Zhang M, Qiao Y, Martin JF, Seidman CE, Seidman J, Christoffels V, Efimov IR, McNally EM, Weber CR, Moskowitz IP. Pitx2 modulates a Tbx5-dependent gene regulatory network to maintain atrial rhythm. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:354ra115. [PMID: 27582060 PMCID: PMC5266594 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac rhythm is extremely robust, generating 2 billion contraction cycles during the average human life span. Transcriptional control of cardiac rhythm is poorly understood. We found that removal of the transcription factor gene Tbx5 from the adult mouse caused primary spontaneous and sustained atrial fibrillation (AF). Atrial cardiomyocytes from the Tbx5-mutant mice exhibited action potential abnormalities, including spontaneous depolarizations, which were rescued by chelating free calcium. We identified a multitiered transcriptional network that linked seven previously defined AF risk loci: TBX5 directly activated PITX2, and TBX5 and PITX2 antagonistically regulated membrane effector genes Scn5a, Gja1, Ryr2, Dsp, and Atp2a2 In addition, reduced Tbx5 dose by adult-specific haploinsufficiency caused decreased target gene expression, myocardial automaticity, and AF inducibility, which were all rescued by Pitx2 haploinsufficiency in mice. These results defined a transcriptional architecture for atrial rhythm control organized as an incoherent feed-forward loop, driven by TBX5 and modulated by PITX2. TBX5/PITX2 interplay provides tight control of atrial rhythm effector gene expression, and perturbation of the co-regulated network caused AF susceptibility. This work provides a model for the molecular mechanisms underpinning the genetic implication of multiple AF genome-wide association studies loci and will contribute to future efforts to stratify patients for AF risk by genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangarajan D Nadadur
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael T Broman
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bastiaan Boukens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Stefan R Mazurek
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xinan Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Malou van den Boogaard
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Jenna Bekeny
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Margaret Gadek
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tarsha Ward
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Qiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jon Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vincent Christoffels
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christopher R Weber
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Iorga A, Li J, Sharma S, Umar S, Bopassa JC, Nadadur RD, Centala A, Ren S, Saito T, Toro L, Wang Y, Stefani E, Eghbali M. Rescue of Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure by Estrogen Therapy. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.002482. [PMID: 26802104 PMCID: PMC4859364 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Estrogen pretreatment has been shown to attenuate the development of heart hypertrophy, but it is not known whether estrogen could also rescue heart failure (HF). Furthermore, the heart has all the machinery to locally biosynthesize estrogen via aromatase, but the role of local cardiac estrogen synthesis in HF has not yet been studied. Here we hypothesized that cardiac estrogen is reduced in HF and examined whether exogenous estrogen therapy can rescue HF. Methods and Results HF was induced by transaortic constriction in mice, and once mice reached an ejection fraction (EF) of ≈35%, they were treated with estrogen for 10 days. Cardiac structure and function, angiogenesis, and fibrosis were assessed, and estrogen was measured in plasma and in heart. Cardiac estrogen concentrations (6.18±1.12 pg/160 mg heart in HF versus 17.79±1.28 pg/mL in control) and aromatase transcripts (0.19±0.04, normalized to control, P<0.05) were significantly reduced in HF. Estrogen therapy increased cardiac estrogen 3‐fold and restored aromatase transcripts. Estrogen also rescued HF by restoring ejection fraction to 53.1±1.3% (P<0.001) and improving cardiac hemodynamics both in male and female mice. Estrogen therapy stimulated angiogenesis as capillary density increased from 0.66±0.07 in HF to 2.83±0.14 (P<0.001, normalized to control) and reversed the fibrotic scarring observed in HF (45.5±2.8% in HF versus 5.3±1.0%, P<0.001). Stimulation of angiogenesis by estrogen seems to be one of the key mechanisms, since in the presence of an angiogenesis inhibitor estrogen failed to rescue HF (ejection fraction=29.3±2.1%, P<0.001 versus E2). Conclusions Estrogen rescues pre‐existing HF by restoring cardiac estrogen and aromatase, stimulating angiogenesis, and suppressing fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Iorga
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (A.I., J.L., S.S., S.U., J.C.B., R.D.N., A.C., S.R., T.S., L.T., Y.W., E.S., M.E.)
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (A.I., J.L., S.S., S.U., J.C.B., R.D.N., A.C., S.R., T.S., L.T., Y.W., E.S., M.E.)
| | - Salil Sharma
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (A.I., J.L., S.S., S.U., J.C.B., R.D.N., A.C., S.R., T.S., L.T., Y.W., E.S., M.E.)
| | - Soban Umar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (A.I., J.L., S.S., S.U., J.C.B., R.D.N., A.C., S.R., T.S., L.T., Y.W., E.S., M.E.)
| | - Jean C Bopassa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (A.I., J.L., S.S., S.U., J.C.B., R.D.N., A.C., S.R., T.S., L.T., Y.W., E.S., M.E.)
| | - Rangarajan D Nadadur
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (A.I., J.L., S.S., S.U., J.C.B., R.D.N., A.C., S.R., T.S., L.T., Y.W., E.S., M.E.)
| | - Alexander Centala
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (A.I., J.L., S.S., S.U., J.C.B., R.D.N., A.C., S.R., T.S., L.T., Y.W., E.S., M.E.)
| | - Shuxun Ren
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (A.I., J.L., S.S., S.U., J.C.B., R.D.N., A.C., S.R., T.S., L.T., Y.W., E.S., M.E.)
| | - Tomoaki Saito
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (A.I., J.L., S.S., S.U., J.C.B., R.D.N., A.C., S.R., T.S., L.T., Y.W., E.S., M.E.)
| | - Ligia Toro
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (A.I., J.L., S.S., S.U., J.C.B., R.D.N., A.C., S.R., T.S., L.T., Y.W., E.S., M.E.) Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (L.T.)
| | - Yibin Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (A.I., J.L., S.S., S.U., J.C.B., R.D.N., A.C., S.R., T.S., L.T., Y.W., E.S., M.E.) Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (Y.W., E.S.)
| | - Enrico Stefani
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (A.I., J.L., S.S., S.U., J.C.B., R.D.N., A.C., S.R., T.S., L.T., Y.W., E.S., M.E.) Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (Y.W., E.S.)
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (A.I., J.L., S.S., S.U., J.C.B., R.D.N., A.C., S.R., T.S., L.T., Y.W., E.S., M.E.)
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Matori H, Umar S, Nadadur RD, Sharma S, Partow-Navid R, Afkhami M, Amjedi M, Eghbali M. Genistein, a soy phytoestrogen, reverses severe pulmonary hypertension and prevents right heart failure in rats. Hypertension 2012; 60:425-30. [PMID: 22753213 PMCID: PMC4252152 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.191445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment with a phytoestrogen genistein has been shown to attenuate the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Because PH is not always diagnosed early, we examined whether genistein could also reverse preexisting established PH and prevent associated right heart failure (RHF). PH was induced in male rats by 60 mg/kg of monocrotaline. After 21 days, when PH was well established, rats received daily injection of genistein (1 mg/kg per day) for 10 days or were left untreated to develop RHF by day 30. Effects of genistein on human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell proliferation and neonatal rat ventricular myocyte hypertrophy were assessed in vitro. Severe PH was evident 21 days after monocrotaline, as peak systolic right ventricular pressure increased to 66.35±1.03 mm Hg and right ventricular ejection fraction reduced to 41.99±1.27%. PH progressed to RHF by day 30 (right ventricular pressure, 72.41±1.87 mm Hg; RV ejection fraction, 29.25±0.88%), and mortality was ≈75% in RHF rats. Genistein therapy resulted in significant improvement in lung and heart function as right ventricular pressure was significantly reduced to 43.34±4.08 mm Hg and right ventricular ejection fraction was fully restored to 65.67±1.08% similar to control. Genistein reversed PH-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling in vivo and inhibited human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation by ≈50% in vitro likely through estrogen receptor-β. Genistein also reversed right ventricular hypertrophy (right ventricular hypertrophy index, 0.35±0.029 versus 0.70±0.080 in RHF), inhibited neonatal rat ventricular myocyte hypertrophy, and restored PH-induced loss of capillaries in the right ventricle. These improvements in cardiopulmonary function and structure resulted in 100% survival by day 30. Genistein restored PH-induced downregulation of estrogen receptor-β expression in the right ventricle and lung. In conclusion, genistein therapy not only rescues preexisting severe PH but also prevents the progression of severe PH to RHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humann Matori
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Li J, Umar S, Amjedi M, Iorga A, Sharma S, Nadadur RD, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Eghbali M. New frontiers in heart hypertrophy during pregnancy. Am J Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 2:192-207. [PMID: 22937489 PMCID: PMC3427979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
During Pregnancy, heart develops physiological left ventricular hypertrophy as a result of the natural volume overload. Previously we have characterized the molecular and functional signature of heart hypertrophy during pregnancy. Cardiac hypertrophy during pregnancy is a complex process that involves many changes including in the signalling pathways, composition of extracellular matrix as well as the levels of sex hormones. This review summarises the recent advances and the new frontiers in the context of heart hypertrophy during pregnancy. In particular we focus on structural and extracellular matrix remodelling as well as signalling pathways in pregnancy-induced physiological heart hypertrophy. Emerging evidence shows that various microRNAs modulate key components of hypertrophy, therefore the role of microRNAs in the regulation of gene expression in pregnancy induced hypertrophy is also discussed. We also review the role of ubiquitin proteasome system, the major machinery for the degradation of damaged and misfolded proteins, in heart hypertrophy. The role of sex hormones in particular estrogen in cardiac remodeling during pregnancy is also discussed. We also review pregnancy-induced cardiovascular complications such as peripartum cardiomyopathy and pre-eclampsia and how the knowledge from the animal studies may help us to develop new therapeutic strategies for better treatment of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Special emphasis has to be given to the guidelines on disease management in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Li
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Soban Umar
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marjan Amjedi
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Iorga
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Salil Sharma
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rangarajan D Nadadur
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Institute of Gender in Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charite University HospitalBerlin, Germany
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CA, USA
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Nadadur RD, Umar S, Wong G, Eghbali M, Iorga A, Matori H, Partow-Navid R, Eghbali M. Reverse right ventricular structural and extracellular matrix remodeling by estrogen in severe pulmonary hypertension. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:149-58. [PMID: 22628376 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01349.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) leads to right-ventricular failure (RVF) characterized by RV remodeling. Ventricular remodeling is emerging as an important process during heart failure and recovery. Remodeling in RVF induced by PH is not fully understood. Recently we discovered that estrogen (E2) therapy can rescue severe preexisting PH. Here, we focused on whether E2 (42.5 μg·kg(-1)·day(-1), 10 days) can reverse adverse RV structural and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling induced by PH using monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg). RV fibrosis was evident in RVF males. Intact females developed less severe RV remodeling compared with males and ovariectomized (OVX) females. Novel ECM-degrading disintegrin-metalloproteinases ADAM15 and ADAM17 transcripts were elevated ∼2-fold in all RVF animals. E2 therapy reversed RV remodeling in all groups. In vitro, E2 directly inhibited ANG II-induced expression of fibrosis markers as well as the metalloproteinases in cultured cardiac fibroblasts. Estrogen receptor-β agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) but not estrogen receptor-α agonist 4,4',4″-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (PPT) was as effective as E2 in inhibiting expression of these genes. Expression of ECM-interacting cardiac fetal-gene osteopontin (OPN) also increased ∼9-fold in RVF males. Intact females were partially protected from OPN upregulation (∼2-fold) but OVX females were not. E2 reversed OPN upregulation in all groups. Upregulation of OPN was also reversed in vitro by E2. Plasma OPN was elevated in RVF (∼1.5-fold) and decreased to control levels in the E2 group. RVF resulted in elevated Akt phosphorylation, but not ERK, in the RV, and E2 therapy restored Akt phosphorylation. In conclusion, E2 therapy reverses adverse RV remodeling associated with PH by reversing fibrosis and upregulation of novel ECM enzymes ADAM15, ADAM17, and OPN. These effects are likely mediated through estrogen receptor-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangarajan D Nadadur
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-7115, USA
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Umar S, Nadadur RD, Volz KS, Foroughi R, Eghbali M. Apolipoprotein-A1 Mimetic Peptide 4F Rescues Severe Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats and Inhibits Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation In Vitro. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Umar S, Iorga A, Nadadur RD, Amjedi M, Eghbali M, Chui R, Matori H, Eghbali M. Structural and Hemodynamic Changes Associated with Physiologic Heart Hypertrophy of Pregnancy are Reversed Postpartum. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Nadadur RD, Umar S, Iorga A, Matori H, Partow-Navid R, Eghbali M. Abstract P150: Estrogen Protects Against and Reverses Adverse Ventricular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension-Induced Right Ventricular Failure. Circ Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1161/res.109.suppl_1.ap150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) leads to right-ventricular failure (RVF). RVF is characterized by adverse RV remodeling including hypertrophy and changes in the cardiac Extracellular Matrix (ECM) such as fibrosis and re-expression of cardiac fetal genes. Among the potentially re-expressed genes are the novel ECM interacting proteins Osteopontin (OPN) and Osteocalcin (OCN).
Gender differences found in experimental PH are attributed to protective effects of Estrogen (E2). We hypothesize that gender differences observed in experimental PH are partially due to the effects of E2 on the cardiac ECM, and that exogenous E2 may be able to reverse adverse RV remodeling.
Male and female rats received single monocrotaline (MCT, 60mg/kg) injection. Some rats were given E2 (42.5μg/kg/day) from day 21–30. Saline treated rats were controls. Cardiopulmonary hemodynamics were serially monitored and RV pressures (RVP) were recorded terminally. RV fibrosis was assessed by trichrome staining. Gene expression was determined by RT PCR and plasma OPN by ELISA.
All rats developed PH by day 21 and RVF by day 30. Male rats developed more severe PH-induced RVF than females (RVP=70 vs. 41.5±5 mmHg; RV/(LV+IVS)= 0.69±0.07 vs. 0.47±0.04; RVEF = 30.4±1.8 vs. 42.8±2% resp., all p<0.05). Males also revealed more severe RV fibrosis and greater re-expression of OPN (4.5 fold vs. females, p<0.05) and OCN (2-fold vs. females, p<0.05). Plasma OPN was also elevated in RVF males (1.00±0.11 in control to 1.47±0.18 pg/ml, p<0.05) but not RVF females (0.848±0.18 in control to 0.859±0.294 pg/ml, p=ns).
Since females experienced less severe RV remodeling than males, MCT injected males were treated with exogenous E2 from day 21–30. Some E2 treated male rats were sacrificed at day 30, and some were kept an additional 12 days after E2-withdrawal (E2-W group). E2 reversed PH-induced RVF (RVP=38mmHg; RV/(LV+IVS) = 0.28±0.03; RVEF=61.5±0.8%, all p<0.05 vs. male RVF) and fibrosis. OPN and OCN were fully restored following E2 withdrawal by day 42. E2 therapy also restored circulating OPN levels (p<0.05 vs. RVF) showing that OPN has potential value as a plasma marker for PH-induced RV failure.
These results suggest that E2 protects against adverse RV remodeling in females, and reverses adverse RV remodeling in males.
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Umar S, Nadadur RD, Li J, Maltese F, Partownavid P, van der Laarse A, Eghbali M. Intralipid prevents and rescues fatal pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular failure in rats. Hypertension 2011; 58:512-8. [PMID: 21747043 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.168781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling leading to right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and failure. Intralipid (ILP), a source of parenteral nutrition for patients, contains γ-linolenic acid and soy-derived phytoestrogens that are protective for lungs and heart. We, therefore, investigated the therapeutic potential of ILP in preventing and rescuing monocrotaline-induced PAH and RV dysfunction. PAH was induced in male rats with monocrotaline (60 mg/kg). Rats then received daily ILP (1 mL of 20% ILP per day IP) from day 1 to day 30 for prevention protocol or from day 21 to day 30 for rescue protocol. Other monocrotaline-injected rats were left untreated to develop severe PAH by day 21 or RV failure by approximately day 30. Saline or ILP-treated rats served as controls. Significant increase in RV pressure and decrease in RV ejection fraction in the RV failure group resulted in high mortality. Therapy with ILP resulted in 100% survival and prevented PAH-induced RV failure by preserving RV pressure and RV ejection fraction and preventing RV hypertrophy and lung remodeling. In preexisting severe PAH, ILP attenuated most lung and RV abnormalities. The beneficial effects of ILP in PAH seem to result from the interplay of various factors, among which preservation and/or stimulation of angiogenesis, suppression and/or reversal of inflammation, fibrosis and hypertrophy, in both lung and RV, appear to be major contributors. In conclusion, ILP not only prevents the development of PAH and RV failure but also rescues preexisting severe PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soban Umar
- UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, BH-160CHS, 650 Charles E Young Dr South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7115, USA
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Umar S, Iorga A, Matori H, Nadadur RD, Li J, Maltese F, van der Laarse A, Eghbali M. Estrogen rescues preexisting severe pulmonary hypertension in rats. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:715-23. [PMID: 21700911 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201101-0078oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by progressive increase in pulmonary artery pressure leading to right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, RV failure, and death. Current treatments only temporarily reduce severity of the disease, and an ideal therapy is still lacking. OBJECTIVES Estrogen pretreatment has been shown to attenuate development of PH. Because PH is not often diagnosed early, we examined if estrogen can rescue preexisting advanced PH. METHODS PH was induced in male rats with monocrotaline (60 mg/kg). At Day 21, rats were either treated with 17-β estradiol or estrogen (E2, 42.5 μg/kg/d), estrogen receptor-β agonist (diarylpropionitrile, 850 μg/kg/d), or estrogen receptor α-agonist (4,4',4"-[4-Propyl-(1H)-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl] trisphenol, 850 μg/kg/d) for 10 days or left untreated to develop RV failure. Serial echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Estrogen therapy prevented progression of PH to RV failure and restored lung and RV structure and function. This restoration was maintained even after removal of estrogen at Day 30, resulting in 100% survival at Day 42. Estradiol treatment restored the loss of blood vessels in the lungs and RV. In the presence of angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (30 mg/kg) or estrogen receptor-β antagonist (PHTPP, 850 μg/kg/d), estrogen failed to rescue PH. Estrogen receptor-β selective agonist was as effective as estrogen in rescuing PH. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen rescues preexisting severe PH in rats by restoring lung and RV structure and function that are maintained even after removal of estrogen. Estrogen-induced rescue of PH is associated with stimulation of cardiopulmonary neoangiogenesis, suppression of inflammation, fibrosis, and RV hypertrophy. Furthermore, estrogen rescue is likely mediated through estrogen receptor-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soban Umar
- University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, BH-160CHS, 650 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7115, USA
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