1
|
Lima GMR, Mukherjee A, Picchioni F, Bose RK. Characterization of Biodegradable Polymers for Porous Structure: Further Steps toward Sustainable Plastics. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1147. [PMID: 38675066 PMCID: PMC11054705 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating the investigation of bioplastics with reduced end-of-life impact. This study systematically characterizes four promising bioplastics-polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and polylactic acid (PLA). Through a comprehensive analysis of their chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties, we elucidate their structural intricacies, processing behaviors, and potential morphologies. Employing an environmentally friendly process utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide, we successfully produced porous materials with microcellular structures. PBAT, PBS, and PLA exhibit closed-cell morphologies, while PHBV presents open cells, reflecting their distinct overall properties. Notably, PBAT foam demonstrated an average porous area of 1030.86 μm2, PBS showed an average porous area of 673 μm2, PHBV displayed open pores with an average area of 116.6 μm2, and PLA exhibited an average porous area of 620 μm2. Despite the intricacies involved in correlating morphology with material properties, the observed variations in pore area sizes align with the findings from chemical, thermal, and mechanical characterization. This alignment enhances our understanding of the morphological characteristics of each sample. Therefore, here, we report an advancement and comprehensive research in bioplastics, offering deeper insights into their properties and potential morphologies with an easy sustainable foaming process. The alignment of the process with sustainability principles, coupled with the unique features of each polymer, positions them as environmentally conscious and versatile materials for a range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Product Technology Department, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.M.R.L.); (A.M.); (F.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Orozco F, Horvat D, Miola M, Moreno-Villoslada I, Picchioni F, Bose RK. Electroactive Thermo-Pneumatic Soft Actuator with Self-Healing Features: A Critical Evaluation. Soft Robot 2023; 10:852-859. [PMID: 36927095 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2022.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft actuators that operate with overpressure have been successfully implemented as soft robotic grippers. Naturally, as these pneumatic devices are prone to cuts, self-healing properties are attractive. Here, we prepared a gripper that operates based on the liquid-gas phase transition of ethanol within its hollow structure. The gripping surface of the device is coated with a self-healing polymer that heals with heat. This gripper also includes a stainless steel wire along the device that heats the entire structure through resistive heating. This design results in a soft robotic gripper that actuates and heals in parallel driven by the same practical stimulus, that is, electricity. Compared to other self-healing soft grippers, this approach has the advantage of being simple and having autonomous self-healing. However, there remain fundamental drawbacks that limit its implementation. The current work critically assesses this overpressure approach and concludes with a broad perspective regarding self-healing soft robotic grippers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Orozco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Horvat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Miola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ranjita K Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mukherjee A, Dianatdar A, Gładysz MZ, Hemmatpour H, Hendriksen M, Rudolf P, Włodarczyk-Biegun MK, Kamperman M, Prakash Kottapalli AG, Bose RK. Electrically Conductive and Highly Stretchable Piezoresistive Polymer Nanocomposites via Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37345686 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive polymer nanocomposites have been the subject of intense research due to their promising potential as piezoresistive biomedical sensors, leveraging their flexibility and biocompatibility. Although intrinsically conductive polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline have emerged as lucrative candidates, they are extremely limited in their processability by conventional solution-based approaches. In this work, ultrathin nanostructured coatings of doped PPy are realized on polyurethane films of different architectures via oxidative chemical vapor deposition to develop stretchable and flexible resistance-based strain sensors. Holding the substrates perpendicular to the reactant flows facilitates diffusive transport and ensures excellent conformality of the interfacial integrated PPy coatings throughout the 3D porous electrospun fiber mats in a single step. This allows the mechanically robust (stretchability > 400%, with fatigue resistance up to 1000 cycles) nanocomposites to elicit a reversible change of electrical resistance when subjected to consecutive cycles of stretching and releasing. The repeatable performance of the strain sensor is linear due to dimensional changes of the conductive network in the low-strain regime (ε ≤ 50%), while the evolution of nano-cracks leads to an exponential increase, which is observed in the high-strain regime, recording a gauge factor as high as 46 at 202% elongational strain. The stretchable conductive polymer nanocomposites also show biocompatibility toward human dermal fibroblasts, thus providing a promising path for use as piezoresistive strain sensors and finding applications in biomedical applications such as wearable, skin-mountable flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrivit Mukherjee
- Chemical Product Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials (ZIAM), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- Advanced Production Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Afshin Dianatdar
- Chemical Product Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Z Gładysz
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials (ZIAM), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Hamoon Hemmatpour
- Chemical Product Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Mart Hendriksen
- Chemical Product Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Surfaces and Thin Films, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials (ZIAM), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Małgorzata K Włodarczyk-Biegun
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials (ZIAM), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials (ZIAM), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli
- Advanced Production Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Ranjita K Bose
- Chemical Product Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
van den Tempel P, van der Boon EO, Winkelman JG, Krasnikova AV, Parisi D, Deuss PJ, Picchioni F, Bose RK. Beyond Diels-Alder: Domino reactions in furan-maleimide click networks. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
5
|
Putri AP, Bose RK, Chalid M, Picchioni F. Rheological and Self-Healing Behavior of Hydrogels Synthesized from l-Lysine-Functionalized Alginate Dialdehyde. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041010. [PMID: 36850295 PMCID: PMC9959054 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate dialdehyde and l-lysine-functionalized alginate dialdehyde were prepared to provide active aldehyde and l-lysine sites along the alginate backbone, respectively. Different concentrations of substrates and the reduction agent were added, and their influence on the degree of l-lysine substitution was evaluated. An amination reduction reaction (with l-lysine) was conducted on alginate dialdehyde with a 31% degree of oxidation. The NMR confirmed the presence of l-lysine functionality with the degree of substitution of 20%. The structural change of the polymer was observed via FTIR spectroscopy, confirming the formation of Schiff base covalent linkage after the crosslinking. The additional l-lysine sites on functionalized alginate dialdehyde provide more crosslinking sites on the hydrogel, which leads to a higher modulus storage rate than in the original alginate dialdehyde. This results in dynamic covalent bonds, which are attributed to the alginate derivative-gelatin hydrogels with shear-thinning and self-healing properties. The results suggested that the concentration and stoichiometric ratio of alginate dialdehyde, l-lysine-functionalized alginate dialdehyde, and gelatin play a fundamental role in the hydrogel's mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arlina Prima Putri
- Department of Chemical Engineering—Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Metallurgical and Material Engineering Department, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering—Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mochamad Chalid
- Metallurgical and Material Engineering Department, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering—Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Orozco F, Salvatore A, Sakulmankongsuk A, Gomes DR, Pei Y, Araya-Hermosilla E, Pucci A, Moreno-Villoslada I, Picchioni F, Bose RK. Electroactive performance and cost evaluation of carbon nanotubes and carbon black as conductive fillers in self-healing shape memory polymers and other composites. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
7
|
van den Tempel P, Picchioni F, Bose RK. Designing End-of-life Recyclable Polymers via Diels-Alder Chemistry: A Review on the Kinetics of Reversible Reactions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200023. [PMID: 35238107 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to critically assess the kinetic behaviour of the furan/maleimide Diels-Alder click reaction. The popularity of this reaction is evident and still continues to grow, which is likely attributed to its reversibility at temperatures above 100°C, and due to its bio-based "roots" in terms of raw materials. This chemistry has been used to form thermo-reversible crosslinks in polymer networks, and thus allows the polymer field to design strong, but also end-of-life recyclable thermosets and rubbers. In this context, the rate at which the forward reaction (Diels-Alder for crosslinking) and its reverse (retro Diels-Alder for de-crosslinking) proceed as function of temperature is of crucial importance in assessing the feasibility of the design in real-life products. Differences in kinetics based from various studies are not well understood, but are potentially caused by chemical side groups, mass transfer limitations, and on the analysis methods being employed. In this work we attempt to place all the relevant studies in perspective with respect to each other, and thereby offer a general guide on how to assess their recycling kinetics. This review sheds light on the kinetics on the furan/maleimide Diels-Alder reaction. This popular reaction opens up a path to develop end-of-life recyclable polymer networks with self-healing properties. The factors affecting reaction kinetics are discussed, and the importance of accurate reaction kinetics in the context of polymer reprocessing is highlighted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul van den Tempel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Ranjita K Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stojkov G, Niyazov Z, Picchioni F, Bose RK. Relationship between Structure and Rheology of Hydrogels for Various Applications. Gels 2021; 7:255. [PMID: 34940315 PMCID: PMC8700820 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have gained a lot of attention with their widespread use in different industrial applications. The versatility in the synthesis and the nature of the precursor reactants allow for a varying range of hydrogels with different mechanical and rheological properties. Understanding of the rheological behavior and the relationship between the chemical structure and the resulting properties is crucial, and is the focus of this review. Specifically, we include detailed discussion on the correlation between the rheological characteristics of hydrogels and their possible applications. Different rheological tests such as time, temperature and frequency sweep, among others, are described and the results of those tests are reported. The most prevalent applications of hydrogels are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.S.); (Z.N.); (F.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Orozco F, Niyazov Z, Garnier T, Migliore N, Zdvizhkov AT, Raffa P, Moreno-Villoslada I, Picchioni F, Bose RK. Maleimide Self-Reaction in Furan/Maleimide-Based Reversibly Crosslinked Polyketones: Processing Limitation or Potential Advantage? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082230. [PMID: 33924288 PMCID: PMC8069175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers crosslinked via furan/maleimide thermo-reversible chemistry have been extensively explored as reprocessable and self-healing thermosets and elastomers. For such applications, it is important that the thermo-reversible features are reproducible after many reprocessing and healing cycles. Therefore, side reactions are undesirable. However, we have noticed irreversible changes in the mechanical properties of such materials when exposing them to temperatures around 150 °C. In this work, we study whether these changes are due to the self-reaction of maleimide moieties that may take place at this rather low temperature. In order to do so, we prepared a furan-grafted polyketone crosslinked with the commonly used aromatic bismaleimide (1,1'-(methylenedi-4,1-phenylene)bismaleimide), and exposed it to isothermal treatments at 150 °C. The changes in the chemistry and thermo-mechanical properties were mainly studied by infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, and rheology. Our results indicate that maleimide self-reaction does take place in the studied polymer system. This finding comes along with limitations over the reprocessing and self-healing procedures for furan/maleimide-based reversibly crosslinked polymers that present their softening (decrosslinking) point at relatively high temperatures. On the other hand, the side reaction can also be used to tune the properties of such polymer products via in situ thermal treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Orozco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.O.); (Z.N.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (A.T.Z.); (P.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Zafarjon Niyazov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.O.); (Z.N.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (A.T.Z.); (P.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Timon Garnier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.O.); (Z.N.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (A.T.Z.); (P.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Nicola Migliore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.O.); (Z.N.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (A.T.Z.); (P.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Alexander T. Zdvizhkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.O.); (Z.N.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (A.T.Z.); (P.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Patrizio Raffa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.O.); (Z.N.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (A.T.Z.); (P.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile;
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.O.); (Z.N.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (A.T.Z.); (P.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.O.); (Z.N.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (A.T.Z.); (P.R.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Orellana J, Moreno-Villoslada I, Bose RK, Picchioni F, Flores ME, Araya-Hermosilla R. Self-Healing Polymer Nanocomposite Materials by Joule Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:649. [PMID: 33671610 PMCID: PMC7926402 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the self-healing approach in materials science mainly relies on functionalized polymers used as matrices in nanocomposites. Through different physicochemical pathways and stimuli, these materials can undergo self-repairing mechanisms that represent a great advantage to prolonging materials service-life, thus avoiding early disposal. Particularly, the use of the Joule effect as an external stimulus for self-healing in conductive nanocomposites is under-reported in the literature. However, it is of particular importance because it incorporates nanofillers with tunable features thus producing multifunctional materials. The aim of this review is the comprehensive analysis of conductive polymer nanocomposites presenting reversible dynamic bonds and their energetical activation to perform self-healing through the Joule effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Orellana
- Magíster en Química con Mención en Tecnología de los Materiales, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940000, Chile
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.K.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.K.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Mario E. Flores
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Araya-Hermosilla
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paolillo S, Bose RK, Santana MH, Grande AM. Intrinsic Self-Healing Epoxies in Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) for Aerospace Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:E201. [PMID: 33429922 PMCID: PMC7826775 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews some of the intrinsic self-healing epoxy materials that have been investigated throughout the course of the last twenty years. Emphasis is placed on those formulations suitable for the design of high-performance composites to be employed in the aerospace field. A brief introduction is given on the advantages of intrinsic self-healing polymers over extrinsic counterparts and of epoxies over other thermosetting systems. After a general description of the testing procedures adopted for the evaluation of the healing efficiency and the required features for a smooth implementation of such materials in the industry, different self-healing mechanisms, arising from either physical or chemical interactions, are detailed. The presented formulations are critically reviewed, comparing major strengths and weaknesses of their healing mechanisms, underlining the inherent structural polymer properties that may affect the healing phenomena. As many self-healing chemistries already provide the fundamental aspects for recyclability and reprocessability of thermosets, which have been historically thought as a critical issue, perspective trends of a circular economy for self-healing polymers are discussed along with their possible advances and challenges. This may open up the opportunity for a totally reconfigured landscape in composite manufacturing, with the net benefits of overall cost reduction and less waste. Some general drawbacks are also laid out along with some potential countermeasures to overcome or limit their impact. Finally, present and future applications in the aviation and space fields are portrayed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Paolillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa, 34, 20156 Milano, Italy;
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Antonio M. Grande
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa, 34, 20156 Milano, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dianatdar A, Akin O, Mongatti I, Momand J, Ruggeri G, Picchioni F, Bose RK. Polytriphenylamine composites for energy storage electrodes: effect of pendant vs. backbone polymer architecture of the electroactive group. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35187-35196. [PMID: 35493154 PMCID: PMC9042892 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06415k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers are an increasingly used class of materials in semiconductors, photovoltaics and energy storage. Polymers bearing triphenylamine (TPA) or its derivatives in their structures have shown promise for application in electrochemical energy storage devices. The aim of this work is to systematically synthesize polymers bearing TPA units either as pendant groups or directly along the backbone of the polymer and evaluate their performance as electrochemical energy storage electrode materials. The first was obtained via radical polymerization of an acrylate monomer bearing TPA as a side group, resulting in a non-conjugated polymer with individual redox active sites (rP). The latter was obtained by oxidative polymerization of a substituted TPA, resulting in a conjugated polymer with TPA units along its backbone (cP). These polymers were then developed into electrodes by separately blending them with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (rC and cC). The electrodes were characterized and their charge storage stability and mechanical properties were investigated for up to 1000 cycles by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements and nanoindentation. The results show that cC offers a higher initial charge capacity than rC as well as improved carbon nanotube dispersion due to its conjugated structure. Although the improved dispersion results in a higher elastic modulus for cC (compared to rC), the stiffer nature of cP made it more vulnerable to degrade upon repetitive volumetric change, while with rP, the decoupled acrylate monomer remained more protected when its redox active units of TPA underwent charge–discharge cycling. Interaction between (a) CNT-rP-CNT with CNTs sliding next to each other, (b) CNT-cP-CNT with CNTs repulsed via steric hinderance.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Dianatdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Okan Akin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Mongatti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jamo Momand
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fan Y, Bose RK, Picchioni F. Highly Branched Waxy Potato Starch-Based Polyelectrolyte: Controlled Synthesis and the Influence of Chain Composition on Solution Rheology. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Fan
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gai G, Liu L, Li C, Bose RK, Li D, Guo N, Kong B. A Tough Metal‐Coordinated Elastomer: A Fatigue‐Resistant, Notch‐Insensitive Material with an Excellent Self‐Healing Capacity. Chempluschem 2019; 84:432-440. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Gai
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials and Chemistry School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Libin Liu
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials and Chemistry School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Cheng‐Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG)University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Dong Li
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials and Chemistry School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Ning Guo
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials and Chemistry School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Biao Kong
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsiChEMFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fan Y, Migliore N, Raffa P, Bose RK, Picchioni F. Synthesis of Zwitterionic Copolymers via Copper-Mediated Aqueous Living Radical Grafting Polymerization on Starch. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E192. [PMID: 30960176 PMCID: PMC6418991 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (SBMA) is a well-studied sulfobetaine-methacrylate as its zwitterionic structure allows the synthesis of polymers with attractive properties like antifouling and anti-polyelectrolyte behavior. In the present work, we report the Cu⁰-mediated living radical polymerization (Cu⁰-mediated LRP) of SBMA in sodium nitrate aqueous solution instead of previously reported solvents like trifluoroethanol and sodium chloride aqueous/alcoholic solution. Based on this, starch-g-polySBMA (St-g-PSBMA) was also synthesized homogeneously by using a water-soluble waxy potato starch-based macroinitiator and CuBr/hexamethylated tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (Me₆TREN) as the catalyst. The structure of the macroinitiator was characterized by ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR, gHSQC, and FT-IR, while samples of PSBMA and St-g-PSBMA were characterized by ¹H-NMR and FT-IR. Monomer conversion was monitored by ¹H-NMR, on the basis of which the reaction kinetics were determined. Both kinetic study and GPC results indicate reasonable controlled polymerization. Furthermore, a preliminary study of the thermal response behavior was also carried through rheological tests performed on aqueous solutions of the prepared materials. Results show that branched zwitterionic polymers are more thermal-sensitive than linear ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Fan
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicola Migliore
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Patrizio Raffa
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ranjita K Bose
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Enke M, Bose RK, Zechel S, Vitz J, Deubler R, Garcia SJ, van der Zwaag S, Schacher FH, Hager MD, Schubert US. A translation of the structure of mussel byssal threads into synthetic materials by the utilization of histidine-rich block copolymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00663f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The self-healing capacities of mussel-inspired metallopolymers based on block copolymers containing histidine are briefly presented.
Collapse
|
17
|
Dahlke J, Bose RK, Zechel S, Garcia SJ, van der Zwaag S, Hager MD, Schubert US. A New Approach Toward Metal-Free Self-Healing Ionomers Based on Phosphate and Methacrylate Containing Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dahlke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Santiago J. Garcia
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bose RK, Enke M, Grande AM, Zechel S, Schacher FH, Hager MD, Garcia SJ, Schubert US, van der Zwaag S. Contributions of hard and soft blocks in the self-healing of metal-ligand-containing block copolymers. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
19
|
Post W, Bose RK, García SJ, Van der Zwaag S. Healing of Early Stage Fatigue Damage in Ionomer/Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticle Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E436. [PMID: 30974713 PMCID: PMC6432088 DOI: 10.3390/polym8120436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports on the healing of early stage fatigue damage in ionomer/nano-particulate composites. A series of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) zinc ionomer/Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle composites with varying amounts of ionic clusters were developed and subjected to different levels of fatigue loading. The initiated damage was healed upon localized inductive heating of the embedded nanoparticles by exposure of the particulate composite to an alternating magnetic field. It is here demonstrated that healing of this early stage damage in ionomer particulate composites occurs in two different steps. First, the deformation is restored by the free-shrinkage of the polymer at temperatures below the melt temperature. At these temperatures, the polymer network is recovered thereby resetting the fatigue induced strain hardening. Then, at temperatures above the melting point of the polymer phase, fatigue-induced microcracks are sealed, hereby preventing crack propagation upon further loading. It is shown that the thermally induced free-shrinkage of these polymers does not depend on the presence of ionic clusters, but that the ability to heal cracks by localized melting while maintaining sufficient mechanical integrity is reserved for ionomers that contain a sufficient amount of ionic clusters guaranteeing an acceptable level of mechanical stability during healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Post
- Novel Aerospace Materials, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Ranjita K Bose
- Novel Aerospace Materials, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Santiago J García
- Novel Aerospace Materials, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Sybrand Van der Zwaag
- Novel Aerospace Materials, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Susa A, Bose RK, Grande AM, van der Zwaag S, Garcia SJ. Effect of the Dianhydride/Branched Diamine Ratio on the Architecture and Room Temperature Healing Behavior of Polyetherimides. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:34068-34079. [PMID: 27960394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Traditional polyetherimides (PEIs) are commonly synthesized from an aromatic diamine and an aromatic dianhydride (e.g., 3,4'-oxidianiline (ODA) and 4,4'-oxidiphtalic anhydride (ODPA)) leading to the imide linkage and outstanding chemical, thermal and mechanical properties yet lacking any self-healing functionality. In this work, we have replaced the traditional aromatic diamine by a branched aliphatic fatty dimer diamine (DD1). This led to a whole family of self-healing polymers not containing reversible chemical bonds, capable of healing at (near) room temperature yet maintaining very high elastomeric-like mechanical properties (up to 6 MPa stress and 570% strain at break). In this work, we present the effect of the DD1/ODPA ratio on the general performance and healing behavior of a room temperature healing polyetherimide. A dedicated analysis suggests that healing proceeds in three steps: (i) an initial adhesive step leading to the formation of a relatively weak interface; (ii) a second step at long healing times leading to the formation of an interphase with different properties than the bulk material and (iii) disappearance of the damaged zone leading to full healing. We argue that the fast interfacial adhesive step is due to van der Waals interactions of long dangling alkyl chains followed by an interphase formation due to polymer chain interdiffusion. An increase in DD1/ODPA ratio leads to an increase in the healing kinetics and displacement shift of the first healing step toward lower temperatures. An excess of DD1 leads to the cross-linking of the polymer thereby restricting the necessary mobility for the interphase formation and limiting the self-healing behavior. The results here presented offer a new route for the development of room temperature self-healing thermoplastic elastomers with improved mechanical properties using fatty dimer diamines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Susa
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - R K Bose
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - A M Grande
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - S van der Zwaag
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - S J Garcia
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Enke M, Bose RK, Bode S, Vitz J, Schacher FH, Garcia SJ, van der Zwaag S, Hager MD, Schubert US. A Metal Salt Dependent Self-Healing Response in Supramolecular Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Enke
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Novel
Aerospace Materials Group, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Bode
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Vitz
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Santiago J. Garcia
- Novel
Aerospace Materials Group, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel
Aerospace Materials Group, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kuhl N, Geitner R, Bose RK, Bode S, Dietzek B, Schmitt M, Popp J, Garcia SJ, van der Zwaag S, Schubert US, Hager MD. Self-Healing Polymer Networks Based on Reversible Michael Addition Reactions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Kuhl
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Robert Geitner
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Bode
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena; Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena; Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Santiago J. Garcia
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel Aerospace Materials section; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bose RK, Hohlbein N, Garcia SJ, Schmidt AM, van der Zwaag S. Relationship between the network dynamics, supramolecular relaxation time and healing kinetics of cobalt poly(butyl acrylate) ionomers. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Bose RK, Hohlbein N, Garcia SJ, Schmidt AM, van der Zwaag S. Connecting supramolecular bond lifetime and network mobility for scratch healing in poly(butyl acrylate) ionomers containing sodium, zinc and cobalt. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 17:1697-704. [PMID: 25463031 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we correlate network dynamics, supramolecular reversibility and the macroscopic surface scratch healing behavior for a series of elastomeric ionomers based on an amorphous backbone with varying fractions of carboxylate pendant groups completely neutralized by Na(+), Zn(2+) or Co(2+) as the counter ions. Our results based on temperature dependent dynamic rheology with simultaneous FTIR analysis clearly indicate that the effective supramolecular bond lifetime (τ(b)) is an important parameter to ascertain the ideal range of viscoelasticity for good macroscopic healing. The reversible coordination increased with higher valence metal ions and ionic content. Both rheological and spectroscopic analyses show a decrease in supramolecular assembly with temperature. The temperature dependent τ(b) was used to calculate the activation energy (Ea) of dissociation for the ionic clusters. According to self-healing experiments based on macroscale surface scratching, a supramolecular bond lifetime between 10 and 100 s results in samples with complete surface scratch healing and good mechanical robustness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita K Bose
- Novel Aerospace Materials, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, Delft 2629HS, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bose RK, Kötteritzsch J, Garcia SJ, Hager MD, Schubert US, van der Zwaag S. A rheological and spectroscopic study on the kinetics of self-healing in a single-component diels-alder copolymer and its underlying chemical reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita K. Bose
- Novel Aerospace Materials Department of Aerospace Engineering; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 Delft 2629HS The Netherlands
| | - Julia Kötteritzsch
- Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg. 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Santiago J. Garcia
- Novel Aerospace Materials Department of Aerospace Engineering; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 Delft 2629HS The Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg. 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg. 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel Aerospace Materials Department of Aerospace Engineering; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 Delft 2629HS The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Laird ED, Bose RK, Qi H, Lau KKS, Li CY. Electric field-induced, reversible lotus-to-rose transition in nanohybrid shish kebab paper with hierarchical roughness. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:12089-12098. [PMID: 24164111 DOI: 10.1021/am403925f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nature uses a variety of strategies to tune wetting behavior for biological applications. By artificially mimicking these strategies, a variety of different wetting conditions can be achieved. Numerous examples exist of designed surfaces that can mimic the wetting behavior of lotus leaves or rose petals, but few surfaces that may reversibly transition between the two have been reported. In this paper, a combination of topological control over conductive, carbon-based nanomaterials and low surface energy coating was used to tune the wetting properties between "lotus" and "rose." The topological control was imparted by a hierarchical "nanohybrid shish kebab" structure, which uses solution-grown polymer single crystals on carbon nanotubes to tune the surface roughness of the latter. The low surface energy polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating was deposited by the initiated chemical vapor deposition technique. Application of electric potential on these unique nanostructures allows the surfaces to reversibly transition between "lotus" and "rose" behavior. A further irreversible transition between "rose" and the fully wetted Wenzel wetting state was also predicted and shown. These materials show remarkable promise for lab-on-a-chip devices and surface passivation for biological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Laird
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Laird ED, Bose RK, Wang W, Lau KKS, Li CY. Carbon nanotube-directed polytetrafluoroethylene crystal growth via initiated chemical vapor deposition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 34:251-6. [PMID: 23225149 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) has been shown to be suitable for blanketing surfaces with thin polymer coatings of ≈1-2 nm and greater. In this work, iCVD coatings of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) deposited on carbon nanotube (CNT)-based surfaces show CNT-templated PTFE single crystal growth. While the coating forms disoriented agglomerates when deposited on an amorphous carbon background, "shish-kebab" structures are observed when grown on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as well as CNT buckypaper. It is shown that the shish-kebab structure is composed of PTFE lamellae arranged with the chain backbones running parallel to the SWCNT axis. This result allows one to control not only the surface chemistry using PTFE but also the coating surface topology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Laird
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bose RK, Nejati S, Stufflet DR, Lau KKS. Graft Polymerization of Anti-Fouling PEO Surfaces by Liquid-Free Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301234z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita K. Bose
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Siamak Nejati
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David R. Stufflet
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kenneth K. S. Lau
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bose RK, Heming AM, Lau KKS. Microencapsulation of a Crop Protection Compound by Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1375-80. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
30
|
Jo W, Freedman K, Yi DK, Bose RK, Lau KKS, Solomon SD, Kim MJ. Photon to thermal response of a single patterned gold nanorod cluster under near-infrared laser irradiation. Biofabrication 2011; 3:015002. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/3/1/015002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
31
|
Bose RK, Lau KKS. Mechanical properties of ultrahigh molecular weight PHEMA hydrogels synthesized using initiated chemical vapor deposition. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:2116-22. [PMID: 20690719 DOI: 10.1021/bm100498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), a widely used hydrogel, is synthesized using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), a one-step surface polymerization that does not use any solvents. iCVD synthesis is capable of producing linear stoichiometric polymers that are free from entrained unreacted monomer or solvent and, thus, do not require additional purification steps. The resulting films, therefore, are found to be noncytotoxic and also have low nonspecific protein adsorption. The kinetics of iCVD polymerization are tuned so as to achieve rapid deposition rates ( approximately 1.5 microm/min), which in turn yield ultrahigh molecular weight polymer films that are mechanically robust with good water transport and swellability. The films have an extremely high degree of physical chain entanglement giving rise to high tensile modulus and storage modulus without the need for chemical cross-linking that compromises hydrophilicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita K Bose
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bose RK, Lau KKS. Initiated CVD of Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characterization and In-vitro Biocompatibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200806748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
33
|
Nolan PE, Arabia FA, Smith RG, Sethi GK, Bose RK, Banchy ME, Woolley DS, Rhenman BE, McCarthy MS, Copeland JG. STROKE OUTCOMES FOLLOWING IMPLANTATION OF THE CAR-DIOWEST TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART. ASAIO J 2002. [DOI: 10.1097/00002480-200203000-00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
34
|
Malan TP, Nolan PE, Lichtenthal PR, Polson JS, Tebich SL, Bose RK, Copeland JG. Severe, refractory hypotension during anesthesia in a patient on chronic clomipramine therapy. Anesthesiology 2001; 95:264-6. [PMID: 11465569 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200107000-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T P Malan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5114, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
McClain LC, Wright LD, Bose RK, Spratt JA, Maier GW. Afterload sensitivity of nonlinear end-systolic pressure-volume relation vs preload recruitable stroke work in conscious dogs. J Surg Res 1998; 75:6-17. [PMID: 9614850 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.1997.5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The observations in vivo of a non-linear, afterload-sensitive end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR) and a linear, load-insensitive preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW) relation may be reconciled by considering the PRSW as a product of both the ventricular ESPVR and the arterial elastance (Ea). We obtained pressure-volume data from eight conscious dogs. The ESPVR was nonlinear, and its trajectory was afterload-dependent. The PRSW was linear and load-independent. Arterial elastance changed with both acute reductions in preload and steady-state changes in afterload. The PRSW relation thus describes both myocardial function and ventricular-arterial interaction and is a useful index of cardiovascular performance in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C McClain
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Chronic repetitive stimulation of skeletal muscle causes significant changes in contractile mechanics and makes the muscle fatigue resistant. The purpose of this study was to quantify the magnitude and time course of these changes. One latissimus dorsi muscle from each of 28 mongrel dogs was stimulated in situ at 1 Hz for 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 42, or 70 days. Changes in isometric and isotonic mechanical performance were measured as a function of conditioning time. Isotonic force and velocity data were fitted to the Hill equation to obtain Vmax. The most striking early change was a 30 and 26% decline in muscle mass and cross-sectional area, respectively. Coincident with this was an approximate 40% decline in tetanic and twitch tension. There was a similar decline in the rates of rise and fall of twitch and tetanus tensions (+dT/dt and -dT/dt). The decline in tetanus +dT/dt and -dT/dt followed a similar time course, suggesting that these muscle functions were under similar influences. Calculation of the isometric force data per unit of cross-sectional area minimized the effect of stimulation on isometrically measured muscle function but did not eliminate it. Fusion frequency declined 52% with conditioning. The increases in time-to-peak twitch tension and half-relaxation time were independent of cross-sectional area. Time-to-peak twitch tension and half-relaxation time increased after 7 days of stimulation and became maximal after 42 or 70 days, respectively. Time-to-peak tetanus tension was unchanged by muscle conditioning. Changes in the force-velocity relationship began after 3 days of stimulation, changed very little between 3 and 21 days of stimulation, and showed another change after 42 and 70 days of stimulation. It may be possible to better modify the muscle for dynamic cardiomyoplasty by pharmacological or stimulation regimens once the mechanism of fiber switching is better understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L D Wright
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
|