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Ghosh R, Nair RR, Ghosh S, Debnath S, Chatterjee PB. A Water-Soluble Wavy Coordination Polymer of Cu(II) as a Turn-On Luminescent Probe for Histidine and Histidine-Rich Proteins/Peptides. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8320-8328. [PMID: 38660721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Histidine plays an essential role in most biological systems. Changes in the homeostasis of histidine and histidine-rich proteins are connected to several diseases. Herein, we report a water-soluble Cu(II) coordination polymer, labeled CuCP, for the fluorimetric detection of histidine and histidine-rich proteins and peptides. Single-crystal structure determination of CuCP revealed a two-dimensional wavy network structure in which a carboxylate group connects the individual Cu(II) dimer unit in a syn-anti conformation. The weakly luminescent and water-soluble CuCP shows turn-on blue emission in the presence of histidine and histidine-rich peptides and proteins. The polymer can also stain histidine-rich proteins via gel electrophoresis. The limits of quantifications for histidine, glycine-histidine, serine-histidine, human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin, pepsin, trypsin, and lysozyme were found to be 300, 160, 600, 300, 600, 800, 120, and 290 nM, respectively. Utilizing the fluorescence turn-on property of CuCP, we measured HSA quantitatively in the urine samples. We also validated the present urinary HSA measurement assay with existing analytical techniques. Job's plot, 1H NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), fluorescence, and UV-vis studies confirmed the ligand displacement from CuCP in the presence of histidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Ghosh
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ratish R Nair
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shibaji Ghosh
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Snehasish Debnath
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pabitra B Chatterjee
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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2
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Nair RR, Debnath S, Ghosh R, Bhattacharya A, Raju M, Chatterjee PB. Label-Free Detection of Unbound Bilirubin and Nitrophenol Explosives in Water by a Mechanosynthesized Dual Functional Zinc Complex: Recognition of Picric Acid in Various Common Organic Media. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303068. [PMID: 38150640 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
High levels of unconjugated bilirubin (UB) in serum lead to asymptomatic and neonatal jaundice and brain dysfunctions. Herein, we have reported the detection of UB at as low as 1 μM in an aqueous alkaline medium using a Zn(II) complex. The specificity of the complex has been validated by the HPLC in the concentration window 6-90 μM, which is rare. The sensory response of the probe at physiological pH against nitro explosives developed it as an instant-acting fluorosensor for picric acid (PA) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). Spectroscopic titration provided a binding constant of 4×105 M-1 with PA. The naked eye detection was found to be 15 μM. The solid-state photoluminescent nature of the complex enabled it for PA sensing in the solid phase. Interestingly, the probe remained fluorescent in various volatile and non-volatile organic solvents. As a result, it can also detect PA and 2,4-DNP in a wide range of common organic media. NMR studies revealed the coordination of PA, 2,4-DNP, and UB to the Zn(II) center of the probe, which is responsible for the observed quenching of the probe with the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish R Nair
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Snehasish Debnath
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Riya Ghosh
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Arnab Bhattacharya
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - M Raju
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Bowrampet, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pabitra B Chatterjee
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Wu ZF, Sun PZ, Wahab OJ, Tan YT, Barry D, Periyanagounder D, Pillai PB, Dai Q, Xiong WQ, Vega LF, Lulla K, Yuan SJ, Nair RR, Daviddi E, Unwin PR, Geim AK, Lozada-Hidalgo M. Proton and molecular permeation through the basal plane of monolayer graphene oxide. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7756. [PMID: 38012200 PMCID: PMC10682477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer a prospect of membranes that combine negligible gas permeability with high proton conductivity and could outperform the existing proton exchange membranes used in various applications including fuel cells. Graphene oxide (GO), a well-known 2D material, facilitates rapid proton transport along its basal plane but proton conductivity across it remains unknown. It is also often presumed that individual GO monolayers contain a large density of nanoscale pinholes that lead to considerable gas leakage across the GO basal plane. Here we show that relatively large, micrometer-scale areas of monolayer GO are impermeable to gases, including helium, while exhibiting proton conductivity through the basal plane which is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of graphene. These findings provide insights into the key properties of GO and demonstrate that chemical functionalization of 2D crystals can be utilized to enhance their proton transparency without compromising gas impermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - P Z Sun
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - O J Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Y T Tan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - D Barry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - D Periyanagounder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - P B Pillai
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Q Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - W Q Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - L F Vega
- Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen (RICH Center) and Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research and Innovation Center for graphene and 2D materials (RIC2D), Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - K Lulla
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - S J Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - R R Nair
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - E Daviddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - A K Geim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - M Lozada-Hidalgo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Research and Innovation Center for graphene and 2D materials (RIC2D), Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Nair RR, Seo EW, Hong S, Jung KO, Kim D. Pentafluorobenzene: Promising Applications in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:4081-4099. [PMID: 37721519 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Pentafluorobenzene (PFB) represents a class of aromatic fluorine compounds employed exclusively across a spectrum of chemical and biological applications. PFBs are credited with developing various chemical synthesis techniques, networks and biopolymers, bioactive materials, and targeted drug delivery systems. The first part of this review delves into recent developments in PFB-derived molecules for diagnostic purposes. In the latter segment, PFB's role in the domain of theragnostic applications is discussed. The review elucidates different mechanisms and interaction strategies applied in leveraging PFBs to formulate diagnostic and theragnostic tools, substantiated by proper examples. The utilization of PFBs emerges as an enabler, facilitating manifold reactions, improving materials' properties, and even opening avenues for explorative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish R Nair
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Woo Seo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongje Hong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- UC San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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5
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Hu CY, Achari A, Rowe P, Xiao H, Suran S, Li Z, Huang K, Chi C, Cherian CT, Sreepal V, Bentley PD, Pratt A, Zhang N, Novoselov KS, Michaelides A, Nair RR. pH-dependent water permeability switching and its memory in MoS 2 membranes. Nature 2023; 616:719-723. [PMID: 37076621 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent transport of molecular species across different barriers is critical for various biological functions and is achieved through the unique properties of biological membranes1-4. Two essential features of intelligent transport are the ability to (1) adapt to different external and internal conditions and (2) memorize the previous state5. In biological systems, the most common form of such intelligence is expressed as hysteresis6. Despite numerous advances made over previous decades on smart membranes, it remains a challenge to create a synthetic membrane with stable hysteretic behaviour for molecular transport7-11. Here we demonstrate the memory effects and stimuli-regulated transport of molecules through an intelligent, phase-changing MoS2 membrane in response to external pH. We show that water and ion permeation through 1T' MoS2 membranes follows a pH-dependent hysteresis with a permeation rate that switches by a few orders of magnitude. We establish that this phenomenon is unique to the 1T' phase of MoS2, due to the presence of surface charge and exchangeable ions on the surface. We further demonstrate the potential application of this phenomenon in autonomous wound infection monitoring and pH-dependent nanofiltration. Our work deepens understanding of the mechanism of water transport at the nanoscale and opens an avenue for the development of intelligent membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Hu
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - A Achari
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - P Rowe
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Xiao
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Suran
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Z Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - K Huang
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C Chi
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C T Cherian
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Christ University, Bangalore, India
| | - V Sreepal
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P D Bentley
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, UK
| | - A Pratt
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, UK
| | - N Zhang
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - K S Novoselov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Michaelides
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R R Nair
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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6
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Debnath S, Ghosh R, Nair RR, Pradhan D, Chatterjee PB. Advances in the Development of Water-Soluble Fluorogenic Probes for Bioimaging of Hypochlorite/Hypochlorous Acid in Cells and Organisms. ACS Omega 2022; 7:38122-38149. [PMID: 36340119 PMCID: PMC9631417 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review summarizes the development of intracellular fluorogenic probes for biological investigations of hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl-) in living cells and tissues. Monitoring the formation or effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside living systems is critical in determining their roles in human physiology. HOCl/OCl- is considered as an important member of the nonradical ROS family for its decisive microbicidal action in the innate immune system. Even though HOCl/OCl- plays a defensive role in human health, abnormal or overexpression may have detrimental effects on the host physiology leading to many diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer. In recent years, progress in the development of fluorescent imaging probes for observing HOCl/OCl- levels in live cells and tissues has been made. Despite considerable advancement, challenges still exist in areas like working solvent/media, pH, response time, buffer selection, emission region, and others. In addition, this account aims to discuss the design strategies and sensing mechanisms of the representative fluorogenic probes for bioimaging of HOCl/OCl-, endogenously and exogenously. Herein, we also have tried to provide the future direction to develop HOCl/OCl- specific probes for disease diagnosis with particular attention to the requirement of the recognition group, solvent, and buffer media, which will be beneficial for those working in the domain of biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehasish Debnath
- Analytical
& Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Riya Ghosh
- Analytical
& Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ratish R. Nair
- Analytical
& Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debjani Pradhan
- Analytical
& Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pabitra B. Chatterjee
- Analytical
& Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- P.
B. Chatterjee.
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7
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Debnath S, Nair RR, Ghosh R, Kiranmai G, Radhakishan N, Nagesh N, Chatterjee PB. A unique water soluble probe for measuring the cardiac marker homocysteine and its clinical validation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9210-9213. [PMID: 35895029 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01515c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of copper(II) compounds 1-4 were synthesized and developed as fluorogenic probes to measure the cardiac marker homocysteine (Hcy) without any interference from other bioanalytes prevalent in human blood plasma including, cysteine and glutathione. UV-vis and EPR studies have provided confirmatory evidence for reduction-induced-emission-enhancement of the probe, which is responsible for the observed "off-to-on" behaviour towards Hcy. Water solubility, remarkable fluorescence enhancement (55-111 fold), and low detection ability (nearly 2.5 μM) make the probe suitable for clinical testing of cardiac samples. Investigation of 1 against a few reductive interferents testifies its specificity for Hcy. Results from clinical examination of cardiac samples by 1 when combined with the outcome of the reliability testing involving a clinically approved commercial immunoassay kit, validates the prospect of the molecular probe for direct measurement of Hcy in human plasma, which is unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehasish Debnath
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ratish R Nair
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Riya Ghosh
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gaddam Kiranmai
- Medical Biotechnology Complex, CSIR-CCMB, ANNEXE II, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Narsini Radhakishan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Narayana Nagesh
- Medical Biotechnology Complex, CSIR-CCMB, ANNEXE II, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Pabitra B Chatterjee
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Nair RR, Raju M, Debnath S, Ghosh R, Chatterjee PB. Concurrent detection and treatment of cyanide-contaminated water using mechanosynthesized receptors. Analyst 2020; 145:5647-5656. [PMID: 32638714 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of receptors that can detect as well as treat cyanide ions in aqueous samples is indispensable for environmental protection. Herein, we present the bulk solvent-free and instant green synthesis of a series of turn-on fluorimetric probes that can specifically detect the deadly poison cyanide among various anions and metal ions in water. Selective recognition of cyanide by the mechanosynthesized compounds is even observable by the naked eyes, which remained unaffected in the presence of various challenging species. NMR spectroscopic investigation supports the chemodosimetric sensing of cyanide by the receptors. A remarkable 55-83 fold fluorescence enhancement by the probes enabled us to reach a limit of detection (LOD) in the range of 8-26 ppb, well below the permissible limit of cyanide in drinking water. Being minuscule soluble in water, cyanide treatment studies with the ionophores showed greater than 99% reduction in the free cyanide concentration after three consecutive cycles of operation. Furthermore, the compounds can be used as sensitive probes for the estimation of cyanide in human blood serum in physiological conditions. Overall, the results presented in this article will certainly find great use in the area of cyanide pollution with regard to simultaneous sensing and treatment of free cyanide, which is heretofore unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish R Nair
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
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Nair RR, Raju M, Bhai S, Raval IH, Haldar S, Ganguly B, Chatterjee PB. Estimation of bisulfate in edible plant foods, dog urine, and drugs: picomolar level detection and bio-imaging in living organisms. Analyst 2020; 144:5724-5737. [PMID: 31486453 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01078e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the properties of any species in solution, the actual, i.e. equilibrium concentration of the free species should be taken into account. Researchers have not paid attention to the deprotonation equilibrium between HSO4- and SO42- while probing bisulfate ion. In this study, we have addressed this concern and developed two zwitterions, CG (coumarin-integrated glycine) and CA (coumarin-integrated alanine), for the selective detection of HSO4- at a picomolar level (50 to 325 pM) with very high binding affinity (∼108 M-1) in pure water at physiological pH. The principle of HSO4- recognition was established via UV-vis and fluorescence techniques. DFT calculations suggested that the H-bonding interactions between the probes and HSO4- are the driving force for this unforeseen selectivity. The membrane penetration ability and nontoxicity of CG/CA enable them to function as staining agents in living brine shrimps and bacteria. The use of these probes for the estimation of HSO4- in various day-to-day edible foods and drugs along with urine samples is unprecedented. The significance and novelty of this study lies in the application and development of assays for estimating bisulfate in several real-world samples that are predominantly aqueous in nature, which are the first of their kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish R Nair
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India.
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10
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Nair RR, Debnath S, Das S, Wakchaure P, Ganguly B, Chatterjee PB. A Highly Selective Turn-On Biosensor for Measuring Spermine/Spermidine in Human Urine and Blood. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2019; 2:2374-2387. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratish R. Nair
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Snehasish Debnath
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Shruti Das
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Padmaja Wakchaure
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Pabitra B. Chatterjee
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
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11
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Raju M, Nair RR, Debnath S, Chatterjee PB. Affinity Directed Surface Functionalization of Two Different Metal Nanoparticles by a Natural Ionophore: Probing and Removal of Hg2+ and Al3+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:1674-1683. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Raju
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ratish R. Nair
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Snehasish Debnath
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pabitra B. Chatterjee
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
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12
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Paul A, Nair RR, Chatterjee PB, Srivastava DN. Fabrication of a Cu(II)-Selective Electrode in the Polyvinyl Chloride Matrix Utilizing Mechanochemically Synthesized Rhodamine 6g as an Ionophore. ACS Omega 2018; 3:16230-16237. [PMID: 31458258 PMCID: PMC6643935 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A Cu(II)-selective electrode has been fabricated by utilizing a mechanochemically synthesized copper-specific ionophore "L" embedded in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane. 2-Nitrophenyloctylether and sodium tetraphenylborate have been used as a plasticizer and as a solvent mediator, respectively, and found to be enhancing the sensitivity of the fabricated ion-selective electrode (ISE). A range of membranes (S1-S7) with varying compositions were casted and investigated in ISE. Results revealed an excellent Nernstian response of 29.38 ± 0.55 mV/dec for the ISE S6. The fabricated ISE operates well in the pH window 4.0-7.5, and the limit of detection was found to be 5 μM (0.3 ppm). Quick response time (15 s), long shelf-life, and selectivity (on the order of 10-4 and 10-5) over a number of interfering cations enabled S6 promising for real off laboratory sample analysis and can be employed to detect copper ion in various industrial as well as biological and environmental samples. To demonstrate the practical application of these ISE, the Cu concentration in the digested printed circuit board has been estimated using the standard calibration plot. The fabricated ISE has been regenerated through extracting copper by chelating with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Paul
- Analytical
& Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument
Facility, and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Ratish R. Nair
- Analytical
& Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument
Facility, and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Pabitra B. Chatterjee
- Analytical
& Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument
Facility, and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Divesh N. Srivastava
- Analytical
& Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument
Facility, and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
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13
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Nair RR, Raju M, Jana K, Mondal D, Suresh E, Ganguly B, Chatterjee PB. Instant Detection of Hydrogen Cyanide Gas and Cyanide Salts in Solid Matrices and Water by using Cu II and Ni II Complexes of Intramolecularly Hydrogen Bonded Zwitterions. Chemistry 2018; 24:10721-10731. [PMID: 29797369 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded zwitterionic compartmental ligands HL1-HL4, containing a pendent diamine arm that is monoprotonated and an aldehyde functionality at two different ortho-positions of a 4-halophenoxide, is reported herein. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) provides persuasive evidence for the identification of this class of proton-transferred zwitterions at room temperature. The solid-state photoluminescent nature of these zwitterions remains intact in aqueous and organic solutions. Grinding of HL1 and HL2 with Cu2+ /Ni2+ salts develop turn-on probes 1-4. Compounds 1 and 4 are dinuclear CuII and NiII species, respectively. Compound 2 is a tetranuclear CuII complex. Interestingly, compound 3 is a mononuclear NiII species in which both nitrogen atoms in the pendant diamine arm are protonated and, therefore, not coordinated to the NiII center. All these probes (1-4) display an instant response to the poison gas hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and cyanide salts present in both solid matrices and aqueous (100 % water) solution. Selective and rapid sensing of HCN gas and cyanide salts in solid/soil/water phases, without any interference, by the mechanosynthesized complexes 1-4 can be perceived easily by the naked eye under a hand-held UV lamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish R Nair
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division, and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India), E-mails.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - M Raju
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division, and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India), E-mails.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Kalyanashis Jana
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division, and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India), E-mails.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Dhrubajyoti Mondal
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - E Suresh
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division, and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India), E-mails.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division, and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India), E-mails.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Pabitra B Chatterjee
- Analytical & Environmental Science Division, and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India), E-mails.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, India
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14
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Ganesh K, Nair RR, Seethalekshmy NV, Kurian G, Mathew A, Sreedharan S, Paul Z. A Study of Clinical Presentation and Correlative Histopathological Patterns in Renal Parenchymal Disease. Indian J Nephrol 2018. [PMID: 29515298 PMCID: PMC5830806 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_256_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspicion and subsequent detection of renal disease is by an assessment of the urinalysis and renal function in the clinical context. Our attempt in this study is to correlate initial presenting features of urinalysis and renal function to the final histopathological diagnosis. A retrospective analysis of 1059 native kidney biopsies performed from January 2002 to June 2015 at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences was conducted. Correlative patterns between urinalysis, renal function, and final histopathological diagnosis were studied. Five hundred and eleven (48%) patients had nephrotic syndrome. Out of these, 193 (38%) had pure: nephrotic syndrome, 181 (35.8%) had associated microhematuria, 110 (21.7%) had microhematuria and renal failure, and 27 (5.3%) had only associated renal failure. Minimal change disease (MCD) (30%), membranous nephropathy (30%), and IgA nephropathy (29%) were the major diseases in the respective groups. Five hundred and five (47.6%) patients had subnephrotic proteinuria. Out of these, 29 (5.6%) had only subnephrotic proteinuria, 134 (27%) had additional microhematuria, 300 (59%) had subnephrotic proteinuria, microhematuria, and renal failure, and 42 (8%) had subnephrotic proteinuria with renal failure. Lupus Nephritis (45% and 40%) and IgA Nephropathy (32% and 21%) were the major disorders in the subgroups respectively. Forty-two patients (3.7%) were biopsied for isolated renal failure with bland urinary sediment. Cast nephropathy and acute interstitial nephritis were the major diseases. Out of 89 patients with diabetes who were biopsied, 15 (16.8%) had diabetic nephropathy, 45 (50.5%) had no diabetic nephropathy, and 29 (32.5%) had diabetic nephropathy along with a non-diabetic renal disease. Postinfectious glomerulonephritis was the major glomerular disease. IgA nephropathy (22.2%) and membranous nephropathy (15.5%) were the major diseases in patients with diabetes with no diabetic nephropathy. In our population, MCD and membranous nephropathy formed the majority of diseases in biopsied nephrotic syndrome. Added microhematuria did not seem to decrease the incidence of either disease on the whole. We found a significant number of patients with membranous nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome, microhematuria, and additional renal failure. IgA nephropathy formed a majority of cases with nephrotic syndrome, microhematuria, and renal failure. The presence of renal failure regardless of other abnormalities in urinalysis showed a trend toward IgA nephropathy. Membranous nephropathy may have a more varied presentation than was originally thought and IgA nephropathy presenting as nephrotic syndrome may not be uncommon. MCD is the major subgroup of diseases in the pediatric population and presents both as nephrotic syndrome as well as nephrotic syndrome with microhematuria. Thus, urinalysis and renal failure may be a valuable tool in assessing renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ganesh
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - R R Nair
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - N V Seethalekshmy
- Department of Pathology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - G Kurian
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - A Mathew
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - S Sreedharan
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Z Paul
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
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15
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Yang Q, Su Y, Chi C, Cherian CT, Huang K, Kravets VG, Wang FC, Zhang JC, Pratt A, Grigorenko AN, Guinea F, Geim AK, Nair RR. Ultrathin graphene-based membrane with precise molecular sieving and ultrafast solvent permeation. Nat Mater 2017; 16:1198-1202. [PMID: 29170556 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) membranes continue to attract intense interest due to their unique molecular sieving properties combined with fast permeation. However, their use is limited to aqueous solutions because GO membranes appear impermeable to organic solvents, a phenomenon not yet fully understood. Here, we report efficient and fast filtration of organic solutions through GO laminates containing smooth two-dimensional (2D) capillaries made from large (10-20 μm) flakes. Without modification of sieving characteristics, these membranes can be made exceptionally thin, down to ∼10 nm, which translates into fast water and organic solvent permeation. We attribute organic solvent permeation and sieving properties to randomly distributed pinholes interconnected by short graphene channels with a width of 1 nm. With increasing membrane thickness, organic solvent permeation rates decay exponentially but water continues to permeate quickly, in agreement with previous reports. The potential of ultrathin GO laminates for organic solvent nanofiltration is demonstrated by showing >99.9% rejection of small molecular weight organic dyes dissolved in methanol. Our work significantly expands possibilities for the use of GO membranes in purification and filtration technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yang
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Y Su
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - C Chi
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - C T Cherian
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - K Huang
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - V G Kravets
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - F C Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - J C Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - A Pratt
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - A N Grigorenko
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - F Guinea
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Imdea Nanociencia, Faraday 9, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - A K Geim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - R R Nair
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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16
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Mudhulkar R, Nair RR, Raval IH, Haldar S, Chatterjee PB. Visualizing Zn2+in Living Whole OrganismArtemiaby a Natural Fluorimetric Intermediate Siderophore. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Mudhulkar
- Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility; CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg; Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat INDIA
| | - Ratish R. Nair
- Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility; CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg; Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat INDIA
| | - Ishan H. Raval
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division; CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg; Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat INDIA
| | - Soumya Haldar
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division; CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg; Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat INDIA
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg; Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat INDIA
| | - Pabitra B. Chatterjee
- Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility; CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg; Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat INDIA
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg; Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat INDIA
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17
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Raju M, Srivastava S, Nair RR, Raval IH, Haldar S, Chatterjee PB. Siderophore coated magnetic iron nanoparticles: Rational designing of water soluble nanobiosensor for visualizing Al 3+ in live organism. Biosens Bioelectron 2017. [PMID: 28623816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to establish the judicious use of iron-binding chemistry of microbial chelators in order to functionalize the surface of iron nanoparticles to develop non-toxic nanobiosensor. Anchoring a simple siderophore 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylglycine (H3L), which bears catechol and carboxyl functionalities in tandem, on to the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles has developed a unique nanobiosensor HL-FeNPs which showed highly selective and sensitive detection of Al3+ in 100% water at physiological pH. The biosensor HL-FeNPs, with 20nM limit of detection, behaves reversibly and instantly. In-vivo bio-imaging in live brine shrimp Artemia confirmed that HL-FeNPs could be used as fluorescent biomarker for Al3+ in live whole organisms. Magnetic nature of the nanosensor enabled HL-FeNPs to remove excess Al3+ by using external magnet. To our knowledge, the possibility of microbial chelator in the practical development of Al3+ selective nanobiosensor is unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raju
- Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sakshi Srivastava
- Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ratish R Nair
- Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ishan H Raval
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Soumya Haldar
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pabitra B Chatterjee
- Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
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18
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Nair RR, Raju M, Patel NP, Raval IH, Suresh E, Haldar S, Chatterjee PB. Naked eye instant reversible sensing of Cu(2+) and its in situ imaging in live brine shrimp Artemia. Analyst 2016; 140:5464-8. [PMID: 26145434 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00957j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Cu(2+)-specific colorimetric reversible fluorescent receptor was designed and synthesized which showed a naked eye observable colour change from colourless to pink on addition of an aqueous buffer (pH 7.4) solution of 30 ppb Cu(2+). Short response time (≤5 s) and low detection limit (nearly 3 ppb) make suitable as a reliable "dip-in" open eye sensor for Cu(2+). Bio-imaging application in live brine shrimp Artemia enabled to detect Cu(2+) at as low as 10 ppb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish R Nair
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrumental Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India.
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19
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Raju M, Patel TJ, Nair RR, Chatterjee PB. Xanthurenic acid: a natural ionophore with high selectivity and sensitivity for potassium ions in an aqueous solution. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02540k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synopsis: A well-known tryptophan metabolite, xanthurenic acid, a natural non-fluorescent intermediate siderophore, showed a very selective turn-on response to K+ over other competing metal ions and the detection limit of this natural ionophore was found to be 53 nM at physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Raju
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility
- CSIR-CSMCRI
- Bhavnagar
- India
| | - Tapasya J. Patel
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility
- CSIR-CSMCRI
- Bhavnagar
- India
| | - Ratish R. Nair
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility
- CSIR-CSMCRI
- Bhavnagar
- India
| | - Pabitra B. Chatterjee
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility
- CSIR-CSMCRI
- Bhavnagar
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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20
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Kar S, Su Y, Nair RR, Sood AK. Probing Photoexcited Carriers in a Few-Layer MoS2 Laminate by Time-Resolved Optical Pump-Terahertz Probe Spectroscopy. ACS Nano 2015; 9:12004-12010. [PMID: 26516987 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the dynamics of photoinduced carriers in a free-standing MoS2 laminate consisting of a few layers (1-6 layers) using time-resolved optical pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy. Upon photoexcitation with the 800 nm pump pulse, the terahertz conductivity increases due to absorption by the photoinduced charge carriers. The relaxation of the non-equilibrium carriers shows fast as well as slow decay channels, analyzed using a rate equation model incorporating defect-assisted Auger scattering of photoexcited electrons, holes, and excitons. The fast relaxation time occurs due to the capture of electrons and holes by defects via Auger processes, resulting in nonradiative recombination. The slower relaxation arises since the excitons are bound to the defects, preventing the defect-assisted Auger recombination of the electrons and the holes. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the non-equilibrium carrier kinetics in a system of unscreened Coulomb interactions, where defect-assisted Auger processes dominate and should be applicable to other 2D systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y Su
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - R R Nair
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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21
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Kravets VG, Marshall OP, Nair RR, Thackray B, Zhukov A, Leng J, Grigorenko AN. Engineering optical properties of a graphene oxide metamaterial assembled in microfluidic channels. Opt Express 2015; 23:1265-75. [PMID: 25835885 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The dense packing of two dimensional flakes by van der Waals forces has enabled the creation of new metamaterials with desirable optical properties. Here we assemble graphene oxide sheets into a three dimensional metamaterial using a microfluidic technique and confirm their ordering via measurements of ellipsometric parameters, polarized optical microscopy, polarized transmission spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We show that the produced metamaterials demonstrate strong in-plane optical anisotropy (Δn≈0.3 at n≈1.5-1.8) combined with low absorption (k<0.1) and compare them with as-synthesized samples of graphene oxide paper. Our results pave the way for engineered birefringent metamaterials on the basis of two dimensional atomic crystals including graphene and its derivatives.
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22
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Raju M, Nair RR, Raval IH, Haldar S, Chatterjee PB. Reporting a new siderophore based Ca2+ selective chemosensor that works as a staining agent in the live organism Artemia. Analyst 2015; 140:7799-809. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01733e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A new acyclic chemosensor bearing a siderophore linked to a rhodamine 6G fluorophore showed highly selective detection of Ca2+ ions in 100% aqueous solution at pH 7.4. The probe showed bio-imaging applicability in the live animal Artemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Raju
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility (AD&CIF)
- CSIR-CSMCRI
- Bhavnagar
- India
| | - Ratish R. Nair
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility (AD&CIF)
- CSIR-CSMCRI
- Bhavnagar
- India
| | - Ishan H. Raval
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division
- CSIR-CSMCRI
- Bhavnagar
- India
| | - Soumya Haldar
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division
- CSIR-CSMCRI
- Bhavnagar
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Pabitra B. Chatterjee
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility (AD&CIF)
- CSIR-CSMCRI
- Bhavnagar
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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Su Y, Kravets VG, Wong SL, Waters J, Geim AK, Nair RR. Impermeable barrier films and protective coatings based on reduced graphene oxide. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4843. [PMID: 25208890 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible barrier films preventing permeation of gases and moistures are important for many industries ranging from food to medical and from chemical to electronic. From this perspective, graphene has recently attracted particular interest because its defect-free monolayers are impermeable to all atoms and molecules. However, it has been proved to be challenging to develop large-area defectless graphene films suitable for industrial use. Here we report barrier properties of multilayer graphitic films made by gentle chemical reduction of graphene oxide laminates with hydroiodic and ascorbic acids. They are found to be highly impermeable to all gases, liquids and aggressive chemicals including, for example, hydrofluoric acid. The exceptional barrier properties are attributed to a high degree of graphitization of the laminates and little structural damage during reduction. This work indicates a close prospect of graphene-based flexible and inert barriers and protective coatings, which can be of interest for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Su
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - V G Kravets
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - S L Wong
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - J Waters
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - A K Geim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - R R Nair
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Zachariah PP, Unni VN, Kurian G, Nair RR, Mathew A. Thyrocervical artery - jugular fistula following internal jugular venous catheterization. Indian J Nephrol 2014; 24:178-80. [PMID: 25120297 PMCID: PMC4127839 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.132019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an anomalous communication between an artery and a vein, caused by an iatrogenic or traumatic etiology. Surgically created upper limb AVF remains the preferred vascular access for patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Nonetheless central vein cannulation for hemodialysis is a common procedure done in patients who need hemodialysis. We incidentally detected a thyrocervical artery - jugular fistula in a patient on maintenance hemodialysis. He underwent a successful intra arterial coil embolization of the feeding vessel. Review of literature has shown that, a thyrocervical artery - internal jugular vein arteriovenous fistula following a central venous catheterization has not been reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Zachariah
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - V N Unni
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - G Kurian
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - R R Nair
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - A Mathew
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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25
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Abstract
Takayasu arteritis (TA), a chronic inflammatory arteritis affecting the aorta and its main branches, is a rare condition mainly affecting young women in the second and third decades of life. Occurrence of TA in infants is extremely rare, with only less than 10 cases reported all over the world until date. We report a case of a 2-year-old girl who presented with hypertension and was diagnosed to have TA with bilateral renal artery stenosis and this is probably the youngest case reported from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sandeep
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - V N Unni
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - K P Sreekumar
- Department of Radiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - A Mathew
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - R R Nair
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - G Kurian
- Department of Nephrology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
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26
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Nair RR, Khanna A, Singh K. Association of Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1B) gene polymorphism with early pregnancy loss risk in the North Indian population. Int J Immunogenet 2013; 41:41-3. [PMID: 23442095 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
C+3953T IL-1 B single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was carried out in 140 unrelated early pregnancy loss (EPL) patients and in 198 fertile healthy control women and in chorionic villous samples by PCR-RFLP. In Indian population, this is the first report on association of IL-1 B SNP C+3953T polymorphism and EPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Nair
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Luican A, Li G, Reina A, Kong J, Nair RR, Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Andrei EY. Single-layer behavior and its breakdown in twisted graphene layers. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:126802. [PMID: 21517338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.126802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We report high magnetic field scanning tunneling microscopy and Landau level spectroscopy of twisted graphene layers grown by chemical vapor deposition. For twist angles exceeding ~3° the low energy carriers exhibit Landau level spectra characteristic of massless Dirac fermions. Above 20° the layers effectively decouple and the electronic properties are indistinguishable from those in single-layer graphene, while for smaller angles we observe a slowdown of the carrier velocity which is strongly angle dependent. At the smallest angles the spectra are dominated by twist-induced van Hove singularities and the Dirac fermions eventually become localized. An unexpected electron-hole asymmetry is observed which is substantially larger than the asymmetry in either single or untwisted bilayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luican
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
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29
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Sepioni M, Nair RR, Rablen S, Narayanan J, Tuna F, Winpenny R, Geim AK, Grigorieva IV. Limits on intrinsic magnetism in graphene. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:207205. [PMID: 21231263 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.207205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have studied magnetization of graphene nanocrystals obtained by sonic exfoliation of graphite. No ferromagnetism is detected at any temperature down to 2 K. Neither do we find strong paramagnetism expected due to the massive amount of edge defects. Rather, graphene is strongly diamagnetic, similar to graphite. Our nanocrystals exhibit only a weak paramagnetic contribution noticeable below 50 K. The measurements yield a single species of defects responsible for the paramagnetism, with approximately one magnetic moment per typical graphene crystallite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sepioni
- Manchester Centre for Mesoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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30
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Ni ZH, Ponomarenko LA, Nair RR, Yang R, Anissimova S, Grigorieva IV, Schedin F, Blake P, Shen ZX, Hill EH, Novoselov KS, Geim AK. On resonant scatterers as a factor limiting carrier mobility in graphene. Nano Lett 2010; 10:3868-3872. [PMID: 20795655 DOI: 10.1021/nl101399r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We show that graphene deposited on a substrate has a non-negligible density of atomic scale defects. This is evidenced by a previously unnoticed D peak in the Raman spectra with intensity of ∼1% with respect to the G peak. We evaluated the effect of such impurities on electron transport by mimicking them with hydrogen adsorbates and measuring the induced changes in both mobility and Raman intensity. If the intervalley scatterers responsible for the D peak are monovalent, their concentration is sufficient to account for the limited mobilities currently achievable in graphene on a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Ni
- Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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31
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Gokus T, Nair RR, Bonetti A, Böhmler M, Lombardo A, Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Ferrari AC, Hartschuh A. Making graphene luminescent by oxygen plasma treatment. ACS Nano 2009; 3:3963-8. [PMID: 19925014 DOI: 10.1021/nn9012753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We show that strong photoluminescence (PL) can be induced in single-layer graphene using an oxygen plasma treatment. The PL is spatially uniform across the flakes and connected to elastic scattering spectra distinctly different from those of gapless pristine graphene. Oxygen plasma can be used to selectively convert the topmost layer when multilayer samples are treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gokus
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
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32
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Elias DC, Nair RR, Mohiuddin TMG, Morozov SV, Blake P, Halsall MP, Ferrari AC, Boukhvalov DW, Katsnelson MI, Geim AK, Novoselov KS. Control of graphene's properties by reversible hydrogenation: evidence for graphane. Science 2009; 323:610-3. [PMID: 19179524 DOI: 10.1126/science.1167130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1405] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although graphite is known as one of the most chemically inert materials, we have found that graphene, a single atomic plane of graphite, can react with atomic hydrogen, which transforms this highly conductive zero-overlap semimetal into an insulator. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the obtained graphene derivative (graphane) is crystalline and retains the hexagonal lattice, but its period becomes markedly shorter than that of graphene. The reaction with hydrogen is reversible, so that the original metallic state, the lattice spacing, and even the quantum Hall effect can be restored by annealing. Our work illustrates the concept of graphene as a robust atomic-scale scaffold on the basis of which new two-dimensional crystals with designed electronic and other properties can be created by attaching other atoms and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Elias
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
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33
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Nair RR, Conroy MD, Jeyarajah AR. Obstructive uropathy secondary to parametrial metastasis: an unusual presentation of breast carcinoma. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2009; 30:214-215. [PMID: 19480260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis to the cervix and parametrium from breast carcinoma is a rare occurrence. CASE REPORT A 74-year-old woman presented to the urologists with loin pain and microscopic haematuria. Investigations revealed a right ureteric obstruction which was diagnosed to be secondary to parametrial metastasis from an unknown primary. Immunohistochemical studies revealed it to be originating from the breast. Occult breast carcinoma was then diagnosed by breast biopsy. CONCLUSION Obstructive uropathy secondary to parametrial metastasis is an unusual first presentation of breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Nair
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Barking Havering and Redbridge NHS Trust, Romford, UK.
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34
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Nair RR, Blake P, Grigorenko AN, Novoselov KS, Booth TJ, Stauber T, Peres NMR, Geim AK. Fine Structure Constant Defines Visual Transparency of Graphene. Science 2008; 320:1308. [PMID: 18388259 DOI: 10.1126/science.1156965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2681] [Impact Index Per Article: 167.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R R Nair
- Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
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35
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Abstract
Overexpression of the 92 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-9) contributes to cancer progression. However, to date, there are few known regulators of expression of this metalloproteinase. We employed an expression library comprising 500,000 cDNA clones to screen for novel regulators of MMP-9 expression. HT1080 cells were transiently co-transfected with an MMP-9 promoter-luciferase reporter and pools of the cDNA expression library. Positive-scoring pools were subdivided in secondary and tertiary screens, after which the regulatory cDNAs were identified by DNA sequencing. This brief review illustrates the utility of expression cloning in identifying specific regulators of MMP-9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Nair
- Cancer Biology, Box 173, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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36
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Siraj CA, Krishnan J, Nair RR, Girija AS. Invasive aspergillosis producing painful ophthalmoplegia. J Assoc Physicians India 2005; 53:901-2. [PMID: 16459537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Painful ophthalmoplegia is caused by the lesions of orbital apex and anterior cavernous sinus. Cavernous sinus syndrome can be produced by intracranial invasive aspergillosis. A case of painful ophthalmoplegia due to invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus niger in a diabetic patient is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Siraj
- Department of Neurology, Medical College Hospital, Kozhikode, India-673 008
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Abstract
This study was designed to examine the influence of the age of adults on the contractile characteristics of the myocardium and to ascertain whether the age dependent variation is related to variation in sarcolemmal calcium channels. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from 2, 6 and 12-month-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats and the extent and velocity of contraction were recorded as a function of change in cell length. Age dependent increase in cell length and sarcomere length was significant (P<0.05). Extent of contraction increased with age and the velocities of contraction and relaxation normalized to total contraction decreased with age (P<0.05). Sensitivity to the L-type channel antagonist (verapamil, 1 microM) and the T-type channel antagonist (nickel chloride, 40 microM) was significant in 6 and 12-month-old animals. This differential response to calcium channel antagonists suggests that the age-dependent variation in contractility may be mediated by the variation in the distribution/function of sarcolemmal calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Nair
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, 695 011, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
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38
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Preeta R, Nair RR. Superoxide anions mediate proliferative response in cardiac fibroblasts. Indian J Med Res 2000; 111:127-32. [PMID: 10935319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was undertaken to examine whether superoxide anions mediate a proliferative response in cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiac fibroblasts isolated from newborn Wistar rats were exposed to superoxide anion generating system (hypoxanthine + xanthine oxidase) and its effect on cell growth was assessed. A stimulatory response on fibroblast proliferation was observed. The proportion of proliferating cells increased within 3 h of treatment compared to the control and the cell density after 96 h of exposure remained significantly high (P < 0.0005). Inclusion of antioxidants neutralised the stimulatory response, fortifying the role of superoxide anions in cell proliferation. This observation indicates that superoxide anions can mediate a fibrotic reaction in the cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Preeta
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram
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39
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Abstract
The beneficial effects of magnesium supplementation in pathological situations is well known, but the myocardial response to a nominal decrease in the level of magnesium has received relatively little attention. Hypomagnesemia can occur as chronic or acute manifestation of physiological changes, pathological conditions, or pharmacological interventions. Experimental interest was focused on the mechanical changes in adult rat heart myocytes following variation in extracellular Mg2+. Isolated cells were exposed to different levels of extracellular Mg2+ and the amplitude and rate of contraction were measured as a function of change in cell length using a video-based edge-detection system. Investigations have revealed that variation in the level of Mg2+ within physiological limits leads to mechanical changes. A decrease in the level of extracellular Mg2+ was accompanied by a significant increase in contractile amplitude and decrease in the velocities of contraction and relaxation. The contractile amplitude measured as percentage shortening were 3.08+/-0.19%, 4.62+/-0.19% and 6.9+/-0.40%, respectively, on exposure to 1.8, 0.8, and 0.48 mM Mg, and the corresponding velocities of contraction and relaxation normalized to amplitude were 0.54+/-0.02, 0.40+/-0.03, 0.31+/-0.03 and 0.47+/-0.02, 0.35+/-0.02, 0.24+/-0.02. The variations in contractile parameters associated with the change in the level of Mg were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Variation in the contractile properties associated with change in extracellular Mg2+ may be effected by alteration in Ca2+ transients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nair
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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40
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Cardiac fibroblasts play a multifarious role in the maintenance of the functional and structural integrity of the heart. Therefore inadvertent proliferation of these fibroblasts can affect the normal functioning of the heart. The proliferation of fibroblasts could be due to various factors. We have worked on the hypothesis that low levels of cerium may stimulate cardiac fibroblasts to undergo proliferation and that free radicals act as the mediators of the stimulatory response. Cardiac fibroblasts isolated from neonatal Wistar rats were cultured. Proliferation of the cells was measured by cell count and immunohistochemical visualization for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The response to cerium was assessed by comparison with control. A stimulatory response at low levels of cerium was observed with a peak at 0.5 micrometer concentration of cerium. A concomitant increase in the generation of free radicals was also seen. The cerium-stimulated cell proliferation and free radical generation was neutralized by the inclusion of superoxide dismutase in the culture medium. CONCLUSION Low doses of cerium, at levels comparable to those found in the serum of patients with EMF, has a stimulatory effect on cardiac fibroblasts and the abrogation of proliferation by antioxidant superoxide dismutase indicates that superoxide anion acts as a biological intermediate in cerium-induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Preeta
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, 695011, India
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41
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Nair P, Nair RR. Selective use of calcium chelators enhances the yield of calcium-tolerant myocytes from adult heart. Indian J Exp Biol 1997; 35:451-6. [PMID: 9378512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of viable and functional cells from adult heart remains an intriguing problem for investigators who choose to use the cardiomyocyte model for experimental studies. With a few modifications of the existing procedures we have been able to improve the yield of ventricular myocardial cells from the adult rat heart. Sarcolemmal damage leading to hypercontracture due to Ca2+ loading appears to be the major hindrance to the successful isolation of sufficient number of viable cells. The two crucial steps are found to be the pre-enzymatic perfusion for Ca(2+)-depletion and the final step of Ca(2+)-repletion in extracellular medium for the isolation of Ca(2+)-tolerant myocytes. Inclusion of EGTA and taurine during the initial perfusion of Ca(2+)-free medium and of trypsin during reintroduction of Ca2+ led to a considerable increase in the yield of Ca(2+)-tolerant myocytes. The contraction amplitude and speed of shortening and relaxation of isolated cells were measured using an edge detection device. Selective use of calcium ion chelators appears to have a beneficial effect on the isolation of Ca(2+)-tolerant myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nair
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum, India
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Nair RR. General practice at night. GPs should be given breathing space to cope. BMJ 1995; 311:1028. [PMID: 7580618 PMCID: PMC2551020 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.311.7011.1028b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Nair RR, Eapen JT, Radhakumary C, Rajasree S. Magnesium levels in serum and erythrocytes of children from Kerala. Natl Med J India 1995; 8:118-20. [PMID: 7780351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium is required in higher quantities, during the phase of rapid growth, in children. Its level in the ground water in Kerala is low. This can cause magnesium deficiency especially in children from the lower socio-economic groups who also suffer from nutritional insufficiency. METHODS We compared the serum and erythrocyte magnesium levels of school children from high and low (agricultural labourers and fisherfolk) socio-economic groups. These levels were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Body mass indices and haemoglobin levels were used as indirect measures of nutritional status. RESULTS Serum and erythrocyte magnesium levels were significantly lower in both boys and girls from low socio-economic groups who also had lower body mass indices. CONCLUSION Nutritional insufficiency is prevalent in children from the low socio-economic groups and is associated with low serum and erythrocyte magnesium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Nair
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, India
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44
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Abstract
The present study examined the effect of cerium on collagen synthesis in cultured cardiac fibroblasts and explants. At 100 nM, a concentration comparable with that found in the cardiac tissue of patients with endomyocardial fibrosis, the element was found to enhance the incorporation of tritiated proline into collagen and non-collagen proteins while at 10 microM, it had an inhibitory effect. Cerium was found to have no effect on rates of DNA synthesis in fibroblasts at 100 nM. However, at this concentration, the element markedly enhanced the incorporation of tritiated uridine into RNA, suggesting that cerium may act at the level of transcription to stimulate collagen and non-collagen protein syntheses. The stimulatory action of very low levels of cerium on collagen synthesis may contribute to the accumulation of collagen seen in endomyocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shivakumar
- Division of Cardiomyopathy, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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45
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Abstract
The present study examined the effect of Cerium on protein synthesis in cultured cardiac myocytes and lung fibroblasts exposed to normal and markedly subnormal levels of Mg2+. Cerium was found to have a general inhibitory effect on protein synthesis in these cell types, including the synthesis of myofibrillar proteins in the cardiac myocytes. Further, the effect of the metal ion was more pronounced in cells exposed to the Mg2(+)-deficient medium. The possible implications of the observations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shivakumar
- ICMR Centre for Research in Cardiomyopathy, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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46
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Nair RR, Kartha CC. A simplified method for culture of human fetal heart tissue. Indian J Exp Biol 1989; 27:934-8. [PMID: 2620932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human fetal heart tissue obtained consequent to suction termination of pregnancy between 6 and 12 weeks of gestation were cultured as explants and maintained in a viable state, with spontaneous contractions up to 75 days. Ultrastructural morphology of the explant revealed that the cells remained healthy up to 21 days in culture. The model can therefore be used for experimental studies during the first 3 weeks in culture.
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47
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Shivakumar K, Nair RR, Jayakrishnan A, Thanoo BC, Kartha CC. Synthetic hydrogel microspheres as substrata for cell adhesion and growth. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 1989; 25:353-7. [PMID: 2715128 DOI: 10.1007/bf02624598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linked poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis to obtain hydrophilic microspheres having carboxyl residues distributed throughout the matrix. These microspheres were found to support the growth of human skin fibroblasts and human heart and lung cells. Further, fibroblasts grown on them were found to be comparable with those grown on the commercial tissue culture plate with respect to [14C]amino acid uptake and incorporation into proteins. The hydrolyzed PMMA microspheres may find application as a microcarrier for cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shivakumar
- Division of Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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48
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Nair RR, Balakrishnan KG. Dermatoglyphic studies in endomyocardial fibrosis. Indian J Med Res 1987; 85:91-3. [PMID: 3583360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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