1
|
Paul R, Maibam A, Chatterjee R, Wang W, Mukherjee T, Das N, Yellappa M, Banerjee T, Bhaumik A, Venkata Mohan S, Babarao R, Mondal J. Purification of Waste-Generated Biogas Mixtures Using Covalent Organic Framework's High CO 2 Selectivity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:22066-22078. [PMID: 38629710 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Development of crystalline porous materials for selective CO2 adsorption and storage is in high demand to boost the carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. In this regard, we have developed a β-keto enamine-based covalent organic framework (VM-COF) via the Schiff base polycondensation technique. The as-synthesized VM-COF exhibited excellent thermal and chemical stability along with a very high surface area (1258 m2 g-1) and a high CO2 adsorption capacity (3.58 mmol g-1) at room temperature (298 K). The CO2/CH4 and CO2/H2 selectivities by the IAST method were calculated to be 10.9 and 881.7, respectively, which were further experimentally supported by breakthrough analysis. Moreover, theoretical investigations revealed that the carbonyl-rich sites in a polymeric backbone have higher CO2 binding affinity along with very high binding energy (-39.44 KJ mol-1) compared to other aromatic carbon-rich sites. Intrigued by the best CO2 adsorption capacity and high CO2 selectivity, we have utilized the VM-COF for biogas purification produced by the biofermentation of municipal waste. Compared with the commercially available activated carbon, VM-COF exhibited much better purification ability. This opens up a new opportunity for the creation of functionalized nanoporous materials for the large-scale purification of waste-generated biogases to address the challenges associated with energy and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashakiran Maibam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Physical and Materials Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
- School of Science, Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rupak Chatterjee
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Triya Mukherjee
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Nitumani Das
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Masapogu Yellappa
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Tanmay Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani, Pilani 333031, Gujarat, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ravichandar Babarao
- School of Science, Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
- CSIRO, Normanby Road, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Green Electrochemical Transformation of Carbon Dioxide, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Y, Wu Y, Islam K, Paul R, Zhou Y, Qin X, Li Q, Liu Y. Microphysiologically Engineered Vessel-Tumor Model to Investigate Vascular Transport Dynamics of Immune Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38652824 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to combat cancer effectively. However, it is hard to observe and quantify how this in vivo process happens. Three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic vessel-tumor models offer valuable capability to study how immune cells transport during cancer progression. We presented an advanced 3D vessel-supported tumor model consisting of the endothelial lumen and vessel network for the study of T cells' transportation. The process of T cell transport through the vessel network and interaction with tumor spheroids was represented and monitored in vitro. Specifically, we demonstrate that the endothelial glycocalyx serving in the T cells' transport can influence the endothelium-immune interaction. Furthermore, after vascular transport, how programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibition influences the delivered activated-T cells on tumor killing was evaluated. Our in vitro vessel-tumor model provides a microphysiologically engineered platform to represent T cell vascular transportation during tumor immunotherapy. The reported innovative vessel-tumor platform is believed to have the potential to explore the tumor-induced immune response mechanism and preclinically evaluate immunotherapy's effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Khayrul Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Qiying Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Das N, Paul R, Tomar S, Biswas C, Chakraborty S, Mondal J. Catching an Oxo Vanadate Porous Acetylacetonate Covalent Adaptive Catalytic Network that Renders Mustard-Gas Simulant Harmless. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6092-6102. [PMID: 38507817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we illustrated the design and development of a metal-coordinated porous organic polymer (POP) namely VO@TPA-POP via a post-synthetic metalation strategy to incorporate oxo-vanadium sites in a pristine polymer (TPA-POP) having acetylacetonate (acac) as anchoring moiety. The as-synthesized VO@TPA-POP exhibited highly robust and porous framework, which has been utilized for thioanisole (TA) oxidation to its corresponding sulfoxide. The catalyst demonstrated notable stability and recyclability by maintaining its catalytic activity over multiple reaction cycles without any significant loss in activity. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and density functional theory (DFT) analysis establish the existence of V(+4) oxidation state along with the VO(O)4 active sites into the porous network and the most energetically feasible mechanistic pathway involved in the TA oxidation, respectively, indicating the role of electron density associated with vanadium center during the catalytic transformation. Thus, this work aims at the demonstration of versatility and potential of VO@TPA-POP as a porous heterogeneous catalyst for the TA oxidation followed by decontamination of sulfur mustards (HD's) to their corresponding less toxic sulfoxides in a more efficient and greener way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitumani Das
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shalini Tomar
- Materials Theory for Energy Scavenging (MATES) Lab, Harish-Chandra Research Institute (HRI) Allahabad, A C.I. of Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Prayagraj (Allahabad), U.P. 211019, India
| | - Chandan Biswas
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Materials Theory for Energy Scavenging (MATES) Lab, Harish-Chandra Research Institute (HRI) Allahabad, A C.I. of Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Prayagraj (Allahabad), U.P. 211019, India
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paul R, Boruah A, Das R, Chakraborty S, Chahal K, Deka DJ, Peter SC, Mai BK, Mondal J. Pyrolysis Free Out-of-Plane Co-Single Atomic Sites in Porous Organic Photopolymer Stimulates Solar-Powered CO 2 Fixation. Small 2024; 20:e2305307. [PMID: 37926775 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a facile strategy is illustrated to develop pyrolysis-free out-of-plane coordinated single atomic sites-based M-POP via a one-pot Friedel Craft acylation route followed by a post-synthetic metalation. The optimized geometry of the Co@BiPy-POP clearly reveals the presence of out-of-plane Co-single atomic sites in the porous backbone. This novel photopolymer Co@BiPy-POP shows extensive π-conjugations followed by impressive light harvesting ability and is utilized for photochemical CO2 fixation to value-added chemicals. A remarkable conversion of styrene epoxide (STE) to styrene carbonate (STC) (≈98%) is obtained under optimized photocatalytic conditions in the existence of promoter tert-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB). Synchrotron-based X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis reveals the single atom coordination sites along with the metal (Co) oxidation number of +2.16 in the porous network. Moreover, in situ diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations provide valuable information on the evolution of key reaction intermediates. Comprehensivecomputational analysis also helps to understand the overall mechanistic pathway along with the interaction between the photocatalyst and reactants. Overall, this study presents a new concept of fabricating porous photopolymers based on a pyrolysis-free out-of-plane-coordination strategy and further explores the role of single atomic sites in carrying out feasible CO2 fixation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis and Fine Chemicals, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, India
| | - Ankita Boruah
- Department of Catalysis and Fine Chemicals, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, India
| | - Risov Das
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Kapil Chahal
- Department of Catalysis and Fine Chemicals, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, India
| | - Dhruba Jyoti Deka
- Department of Catalysis and Fine Chemicals, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, India
| | - Sebastian C Peter
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis and Fine Chemicals, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Islam K, Paul R, Wang S, Liu Y. [WITHDRAWN] MIML: Multiplex Image Machine Learning for High Precision Cell Classification via Mechanical Traits within Microfluidic Systems. ArXiv 2024:arXiv:2309.08421v2. [PMID: 37744465 PMCID: PMC10516114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper has been withdrawn by Khayrul Islam.
Collapse
|
6
|
Staplin N, Haynes R, Judge PK, Wanner C, Green JB, Emberson J, Preiss D, Mayne KJ, Ng SYA, Sammons E, Zhu D, Hill M, Stevens W, Wallendszus K, Brenner S, Cheung AK, Liu ZH, Li J, Hooi LS, Liu WJ, Kadowaki T, Nangaku M, Levin A, Cherney D, Maggioni AP, Pontremoli R, Deo R, Goto S, Rossello X, Tuttle KR, Steubl D, Petrini M, Seidi S, Landray MJ, Baigent C, Herrington WG, Abat S, Abd Rahman R, Abdul Cader R, Abdul Hafidz MI, Abdul Wahab MZ, Abdullah NK, Abdul-Samad T, Abe M, Abraham N, Acheampong S, Achiri P, Acosta JA, Adeleke A, Adell V, Adewuyi-Dalton R, Adnan N, Africano A, Agharazii M, Aguilar F, Aguilera A, Ahmad M, Ahmad MK, Ahmad NA, Ahmad NH, Ahmad NI, Ahmad Miswan N, Ahmad Rosdi H, Ahmed I, Ahmed S, Ahmed S, Aiello J, Aitken A, AitSadi R, Aker S, Akimoto S, Akinfolarin A, Akram S, Alberici F, Albert C, Aldrich L, Alegata M, Alexander L, Alfaress S, Alhadj Ali M, Ali A, Ali A, Alicic R, Aliu A, Almaraz R, Almasarwah R, Almeida J, Aloisi A, Al-Rabadi L, Alscher D, Alvarez P, Al-Zeer B, Amat M, Ambrose C, Ammar H, An Y, Andriaccio L, Ansu K, Apostolidi A, Arai N, Araki H, Araki S, Arbi A, Arechiga O, Armstrong S, Arnold T, Aronoff S, Arriaga W, Arroyo J, Arteaga D, Asahara S, Asai A, Asai N, Asano S, Asawa M, Asmee MF, Aucella F, Augustin M, Avery A, Awad A, Awang IY, Awazawa M, Axler A, Ayub W, Azhari Z, Baccaro R, Badin C, Bagwell B, Bahlmann-Kroll E, Bahtar AZ, Baigent C, Bains D, Bajaj H, Baker R, Baldini E, Banas B, Banerjee D, Banno S, Bansal S, Barberi S, Barnes S, Barnini C, Barot C, Barrett K, Barrios R, Bartolomei Mecatti B, Barton I, Barton J, Basily W, Bavanandan S, Baxter A, Becker L, Beddhu S, Beige J, Beigh S, Bell S, Benck U, Beneat A, Bennett A, Bennett D, Benyon S, Berdeprado J, Bergler T, Bergner A, Berry M, Bevilacqua M, Bhairoo J, Bhandari S, Bhandary N, Bhatt A, Bhattarai M, Bhavsar M, Bian W, Bianchini F, Bianco S, Bilous R, Bilton J, Bilucaglia D, Bird C, Birudaraju D, Biscoveanu M, Blake C, Bleakley N, Bocchicchia K, Bodine S, Bodington R, Boedecker S, Bolduc M, Bolton S, Bond C, Boreky F, Boren K, Bouchi R, Bough L, Bovan D, Bowler C, Bowman L, Brar N, Braun C, Breach A, Breitenfeldt M, Brenner S, Brettschneider B, Brewer A, Brewer G, Brindle V, Brioni E, Brown C, Brown H, Brown L, Brown R, Brown S, Browne D, Bruce K, Brueckmann M, Brunskill N, Bryant M, Brzoska M, Bu Y, Buckman C, Budoff M, Bullen M, Burke A, Burnette S, Burston C, Busch M, Bushnell J, Butler S, Büttner C, Byrne C, Caamano A, Cadorna J, Cafiero C, Cagle M, Cai J, Calabrese K, Calvi C, Camilleri B, Camp S, Campbell D, Campbell R, Cao H, Capelli I, Caple M, Caplin B, Cardone A, Carle J, Carnall V, Caroppo M, Carr S, Carraro G, Carson M, Casares P, Castillo C, Castro C, Caudill B, Cejka V, Ceseri M, Cham L, Chamberlain A, Chambers J, Chan CBT, Chan JYM, Chan YC, Chang E, Chang E, Chant T, Chavagnon T, Chellamuthu P, Chen F, Chen J, Chen P, Chen TM, Chen Y, Chen Y, Cheng C, Cheng H, Cheng MC, Cherney D, Cheung AK, Ching CH, Chitalia N, Choksi R, Chukwu C, Chung K, Cianciolo G, Cipressa L, Clark S, Clarke H, Clarke R, Clarke S, Cleveland B, Cole E, Coles H, Condurache L, Connor A, Convery K, Cooper A, Cooper N, Cooper Z, Cooperman L, Cosgrove L, Coutts P, Cowley A, Craik R, Cui G, Cummins T, Dahl N, Dai H, Dajani L, D'Amelio A, Damian E, Damianik K, Danel L, Daniels C, Daniels T, Darbeau S, Darius H, Dasgupta T, Davies J, Davies L, Davis A, Davis J, Davis L, Dayanandan R, Dayi S, Dayrell R, De Nicola L, Debnath S, Deeb W, Degenhardt S, DeGoursey K, Delaney M, Deo R, DeRaad R, Derebail V, Dev D, Devaux M, Dhall P, Dhillon G, Dienes J, Dobre M, Doctolero E, Dodds V, Domingo D, Donaldson D, Donaldson P, Donhauser C, Donley V, Dorestin S, Dorey S, Doulton T, Draganova D, Draxlbauer K, Driver F, Du H, Dube F, Duck T, Dugal T, Dugas J, Dukka H, Dumann H, Durham W, Dursch M, Dykas R, Easow R, Eckrich E, Eden G, Edmerson E, Edwards H, Ee LW, Eguchi J, Ehrl Y, Eichstadt K, Eid W, Eilerman B, Ejima Y, Eldon H, Ellam T, Elliott L, Ellison R, Emberson J, Epp R, Er A, Espino-Obrero M, Estcourt S, Estienne L, Evans G, Evans J, Evans S, Fabbri G, Fajardo-Moser M, Falcone C, Fani F, Faria-Shayler P, Farnia F, Farrugia D, Fechter M, Fellowes D, Feng F, Fernandez J, Ferraro P, Field A, Fikry S, Finch J, Finn H, Fioretto P, Fish R, Fleischer A, Fleming-Brown D, Fletcher L, Flora R, Foellinger C, Foligno N, Forest S, Forghani Z, Forsyth K, Fottrell-Gould D, Fox P, Frankel A, Fraser D, Frazier R, Frederick K, Freking N, French H, Froment A, Fuchs B, Fuessl L, Fujii H, Fujimoto A, Fujita A, Fujita K, Fujita Y, Fukagawa M, Fukao Y, Fukasawa A, Fuller T, Funayama T, Fung E, Furukawa M, Furukawa Y, Furusho M, Gabel S, Gaidu J, Gaiser S, Gallo K, Galloway C, Gambaro G, Gan CC, Gangemi C, Gao M, Garcia K, Garcia M, Garofalo C, Garrity M, Garza A, Gasko S, Gavrila M, Gebeyehu B, Geddes A, Gentile G, George A, George J, Gesualdo L, Ghalli F, Ghanem A, Ghate T, Ghavampour S, Ghazi A, Gherman A, Giebeln-Hudnell U, Gill B, Gillham S, Girakossyan I, Girndt M, Giuffrida A, Glenwright M, Glider T, Gloria R, Glowski D, Goh BL, Goh CB, Gohda T, Goldenberg R, Goldfaden R, Goldsmith C, Golson B, Gonce V, Gong Q, Goodenough B, Goodwin N, Goonasekera M, Gordon A, Gordon J, Gore A, Goto H, Goto S, Goto S, Gowen D, Grace A, Graham J, Grandaliano G, Gray M, Green JB, Greene T, Greenwood G, Grewal B, Grifa R, Griffin D, Griffin S, Grimmer P, Grobovaite E, Grotjahn S, Guerini A, Guest C, Gunda S, Guo B, Guo Q, Haack S, Haase M, Haaser K, Habuki K, Hadley A, Hagan S, Hagge S, Haller H, Ham S, Hamal S, Hamamoto Y, Hamano N, Hamm M, Hanburry A, Haneda M, Hanf C, Hanif W, Hansen J, Hanson L, Hantel S, Haraguchi T, Harding E, Harding T, Hardy C, Hartner C, Harun Z, Harvill L, Hasan A, Hase H, Hasegawa F, Hasegawa T, Hashimoto A, Hashimoto C, Hashimoto M, Hashimoto S, Haskett S, Hauske SJ, Hawfield A, Hayami T, Hayashi M, Hayashi S, Haynes R, Hazara A, Healy C, Hecktman J, Heine G, Henderson H, Henschel R, Hepditch A, Herfurth K, Hernandez G, Hernandez Pena A, Hernandez-Cassis C, Herrington WG, Herzog C, Hewins S, Hewitt D, Hichkad L, Higashi S, Higuchi C, Hill C, Hill L, Hill M, Himeno T, Hing A, Hirakawa Y, Hirata K, Hirota Y, Hisatake T, Hitchcock S, Hodakowski A, Hodge W, Hogan R, Hohenstatt U, Hohenstein B, Hooi L, Hope S, Hopley M, Horikawa S, Hosein D, Hosooka T, Hou L, Hou W, Howie L, Howson A, Hozak M, Htet Z, Hu X, Hu Y, Huang J, Huda N, Hudig L, Hudson A, Hugo C, Hull R, Hume L, Hundei W, Hunt N, Hunter A, Hurley S, Hurst A, Hutchinson C, Hyo T, Ibrahim FH, Ibrahim S, Ihana N, Ikeda T, Imai A, Imamine R, Inamori A, Inazawa H, Ingell J, Inomata K, Inukai Y, Ioka M, Irtiza-Ali A, Isakova T, Isari W, Iselt M, Ishiguro A, Ishihara K, Ishikawa T, Ishimoto T, Ishizuka K, Ismail R, Itano S, Ito H, Ito K, Ito M, Ito Y, Iwagaitsu S, Iwaita Y, Iwakura T, Iwamoto M, Iwasa M, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki S, Izumi K, Izumi K, Izumi T, Jaafar SM, Jackson C, Jackson Y, Jafari G, Jahangiriesmaili M, Jain N, Jansson K, Jasim H, Jeffers L, Jenkins A, Jesky M, Jesus-Silva J, Jeyarajah D, Jiang Y, Jiao X, Jimenez G, Jin B, Jin Q, Jochims J, Johns B, Johnson C, Johnson T, Jolly S, Jones L, Jones L, Jones S, Jones T, Jones V, Joseph M, Joshi S, Judge P, Junejo N, Junus S, Kachele M, Kadowaki T, Kadoya H, Kaga H, Kai H, Kajio H, Kaluza-Schilling W, Kamaruzaman L, Kamarzarian A, Kamimura Y, Kamiya H, Kamundi C, Kan T, Kanaguchi Y, Kanazawa A, Kanda E, Kanegae S, Kaneko K, Kaneko K, Kang HY, Kano T, Karim M, Karounos D, Karsan W, Kasagi R, Kashihara N, Katagiri H, Katanosaka A, Katayama A, Katayama M, Katiman E, Kato K, Kato M, Kato N, Kato S, Kato T, Kato Y, Katsuda Y, Katsuno T, Kaufeld J, Kavak Y, Kawai I, Kawai M, Kawai M, Kawase A, Kawashima S, Kazory A, Kearney J, Keith B, Kellett J, Kelley S, Kershaw M, Ketteler M, Khai Q, Khairullah Q, Khandwala H, Khoo KKL, Khwaja A, Kidokoro K, Kielstein J, Kihara M, Kimber C, Kimura S, Kinashi H, Kingston H, Kinomura M, Kinsella-Perks E, Kitagawa M, Kitajima M, Kitamura S, Kiyosue A, Kiyota M, Klauser F, Klausmann G, Kmietschak W, Knapp K, Knight C, Knoppe A, Knott C, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi R, Kobayashi T, Koch M, Kodama S, Kodani N, Kogure E, Koizumi M, Kojima H, Kojo T, Kolhe N, Komaba H, Komiya T, Komori H, Kon SP, Kondo M, Kondo M, Kong W, Konishi M, Kono K, Koshino M, Kosugi T, Kothapalli B, Kozlowski T, Kraemer B, Kraemer-Guth A, Krappe J, Kraus D, Kriatselis C, Krieger C, Krish P, Kruger B, Ku Md Razi KR, Kuan Y, Kubota S, Kuhn S, Kumar P, Kume S, Kummer I, Kumuji R, Küpper A, Kuramae T, Kurian L, Kuribayashi C, Kurien R, Kuroda E, Kurose T, Kutschat A, Kuwabara N, Kuwata H, La Manna G, Lacey M, Lafferty K, LaFleur P, Lai V, Laity E, Lambert A, Landray MJ, Langlois M, Latif F, Latore E, Laundy E, Laurienti D, Lawson A, Lay M, Leal I, Leal I, Lee AK, Lee J, Lee KQ, Lee R, Lee SA, Lee YY, Lee-Barkey Y, Leonard N, Leoncini G, Leong CM, Lerario S, Leslie A, Levin A, Lewington A, Li J, Li N, Li X, Li Y, Liberti L, Liberti ME, Liew A, Liew YF, Lilavivat U, Lim SK, Lim YS, Limon E, Lin H, Lioudaki E, Liu H, Liu J, Liu L, Liu Q, Liu WJ, Liu X, Liu Z, Loader D, Lochhead H, Loh CL, Lorimer A, Loudermilk L, Loutan J, Low CK, Low CL, Low YM, Lozon Z, Lu Y, Lucci D, Ludwig U, Luker N, Lund D, Lustig R, Lyle S, Macdonald C, MacDougall I, Machicado R, MacLean D, Macleod P, Madera A, Madore F, Maeda K, Maegawa H, Maeno S, Mafham M, Magee J, Maggioni AP, Mah DY, Mahabadi V, Maiguma M, Makita Y, Makos G, Manco L, Mangiacapra R, Manley J, Mann P, Mano S, Marcotte G, Maris J, Mark P, Markau S, Markovic M, Marshall C, Martin M, Martinez C, Martinez S, Martins G, Maruyama K, Maruyama S, Marx K, Maselli A, Masengu A, Maskill A, Masumoto S, Masutani K, Matsumoto M, Matsunaga T, Matsuoka N, Matsushita M, Matthews M, Matthias S, Matvienko E, Maurer M, Maxwell P, Mayne KJ, Mazlan N, Mazlan SA, Mbuyisa A, McCafferty K, McCarroll F, McCarthy T, McClary-Wright C, McCray K, McDermott P, McDonald C, McDougall R, McHaffie E, McIntosh K, McKinley T, McLaughlin S, McLean N, McNeil L, Measor A, Meek J, Mehta A, Mehta R, Melandri M, Mené P, Meng T, Menne J, Merritt K, Merscher S, Meshykhi C, Messa P, Messinger L, Miftari N, Miller R, Miller Y, Miller-Hodges E, Minatoguchi M, Miners M, Minutolo R, Mita T, Miura Y, Miyaji M, Miyamoto S, Miyatsuka T, Miyazaki M, Miyazawa I, Mizumachi R, Mizuno M, Moffat S, Mohamad Nor FS, Mohamad Zaini SN, Mohamed Affandi FA, Mohandas C, Mohd R, Mohd Fauzi NA, Mohd Sharif NH, Mohd Yusoff Y, Moist L, Moncada A, Montasser M, Moon A, Moran C, Morgan N, Moriarty J, Morig G, Morinaga H, Morino K, Morisaki T, Morishita Y, Morlok S, Morris A, Morris F, Mostafa S, Mostefai Y, Motegi M, Motherwell N, Motta D, Mottl A, Moys R, Mozaffari S, Muir J, Mulhern J, Mulligan S, Munakata Y, Murakami C, Murakoshi M, Murawska A, Murphy K, Murphy L, Murray S, Murtagh H, Musa MA, Mushahar L, Mustafa R, Mustafar R, Muto M, Nadar E, Nagano R, Nagasawa T, Nagashima E, Nagasu H, Nagelberg S, Nair H, Nakagawa Y, Nakahara M, Nakamura J, Nakamura R, Nakamura T, Nakaoka M, Nakashima E, Nakata J, Nakata M, Nakatani S, Nakatsuka A, Nakayama Y, Nakhoul G, Nangaku M, Naverrete G, Navivala A, Nazeer I, Negrea L, Nethaji C, Newman E, Ng SYA, Ng TJ, Ngu LLS, Nimbkar T, Nishi H, Nishi M, Nishi S, Nishida Y, Nishiyama A, Niu J, Niu P, Nobili G, Nohara N, Nojima I, Nolan J, Nosseir H, Nozawa M, Nunn M, Nunokawa S, Oda M, Oe M, Oe Y, Ogane K, Ogawa W, Ogihara T, Oguchi G, Ohsugi M, Oishi K, Okada Y, Okajyo J, Okamoto S, Okamura K, Olufuwa O, Oluyombo R, Omata A, Omori Y, Ong LM, Ong YC, Onyema J, Oomatia A, Oommen A, Oremus R, Orimo Y, Ortalda V, Osaki Y, Osawa Y, Osmond Foster J, O'Sullivan A, Otani T, Othman N, Otomo S, O'Toole J, Owen L, Ozawa T, Padiyar A, Page N, Pajak S, Paliege A, Pandey A, Pandey R, Pariani H, Park J, Parrigon M, Passauer J, Patecki M, Patel M, Patel R, Patel T, Patel Z, Paul R, Paul R, Paulsen L, Pavone L, Peixoto A, Peji J, Peng BC, Peng K, Pennino L, Pereira E, Perez E, Pergola P, Pesce F, Pessolano G, Petchey W, Petr EJ, Pfab T, Phelan P, Phillips R, Phillips T, Phipps M, Piccinni G, Pickett T, Pickworth S, Piemontese M, Pinto D, Piper J, Plummer-Morgan J, Poehler D, Polese L, Poma V, Pontremoli R, Postal A, Pötz C, Power A, Pradhan N, Pradhan R, Preiss D, Preiss E, Preston K, Prib N, Price L, Provenzano C, Pugay C, Pulido R, Putz F, Qiao Y, Quartagno R, Quashie-Akponeware M, Rabara R, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Radhakrishnan D, Radley M, Raff R, Raguwaran S, Rahbari-Oskoui F, Rahman M, Rahmat K, Ramadoss S, Ramanaidu S, Ramasamy S, Ramli R, Ramli S, Ramsey T, Rankin A, Rashidi A, Raymond L, Razali WAFA, Read K, Reiner H, Reisler A, Reith C, Renner J, Rettenmaier B, Richmond L, Rijos D, Rivera R, Rivers V, Robinson H, Rocco M, Rodriguez-Bachiller I, Rodriquez R, Roesch C, Roesch J, Rogers J, Rohnstock M, Rolfsmeier S, Roman M, Romo A, Rosati A, Rosenberg S, Ross T, Rossello X, Roura M, Roussel M, Rovner S, Roy S, Rucker S, Rump L, Ruocco M, Ruse S, Russo F, Russo M, Ryder M, Sabarai A, Saccà C, Sachson R, Sadler E, Safiee NS, Sahani M, Saillant A, Saini J, Saito C, Saito S, Sakaguchi K, Sakai M, Salim H, Salviani C, Sammons E, Sampson A, Samson F, Sandercock P, Sanguila S, Santorelli G, Santoro D, Sarabu N, Saram T, Sardell R, Sasajima H, Sasaki T, Satko S, Sato A, Sato D, Sato H, Sato H, Sato J, Sato T, Sato Y, Satoh M, Sawada K, Schanz M, Scheidemantel F, Schemmelmann M, Schettler E, Schettler V, Schlieper GR, Schmidt C, Schmidt G, Schmidt U, Schmidt-Gurtler H, Schmude M, Schneider A, Schneider I, Schneider-Danwitz C, Schomig M, Schramm T, Schreiber A, Schricker S, Schroppel B, Schulte-Kemna L, Schulz E, Schumacher B, Schuster A, Schwab A, Scolari F, Scott A, Seeger W, Seeger W, Segal M, Seifert L, Seifert M, Sekiya M, Sellars R, Seman MR, Shah S, Shah S, Shainberg L, Shanmuganathan M, Shao F, Sharma K, Sharpe C, Sheikh-Ali M, Sheldon J, Shenton C, Shepherd A, Shepperd M, Sheridan R, Sheriff Z, Shibata Y, Shigehara T, Shikata K, Shimamura K, Shimano H, Shimizu Y, Shimoda H, Shin K, Shivashankar G, Shojima N, Silva R, Sim CSB, Simmons K, Sinha S, Sitter T, Sivanandam S, Skipper M, Sloan K, Sloan L, Smith R, Smyth J, Sobande T, Sobata M, Somalanka S, Song X, Sonntag F, Sood B, Sor SY, Soufer J, Sparks H, Spatoliatore G, Spinola T, Squyres S, Srivastava A, Stanfield J, Staplin N, Staylor K, Steele A, Steen O, Steffl D, Stegbauer J, Stellbrink C, Stellbrink E, Stevens W, Stevenson A, Stewart-Ray V, Stickley J, Stoffler D, Stratmann B, Streitenberger S, Strutz F, Stubbs J, Stumpf J, Suazo N, Suchinda P, Suckling R, Sudin A, Sugamori K, Sugawara H, Sugawara K, Sugimoto D, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama T, Sullivan M, Sumi M, Suresh N, Sutton D, Suzuki H, Suzuki R, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Swanson E, Swift P, Syed S, Szerlip H, Taal M, Taddeo M, Tailor C, Tajima K, Takagi M, Takahashi K, Takahashi K, Takahashi M, Takahashi T, Takahira E, Takai T, Takaoka M, Takeoka J, Takesada A, Takezawa M, Talbot M, Taliercio J, Talsania T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, Vinall L, Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
Collapse
|
7
|
Judge PK, Staplin N, Mayne KJ, Wanner C, Green JB, Hauske SJ, Emberson JR, Preiss D, Ng SYA, Roddick AJ, Sammons E, Zhu D, Hill M, Stevens W, Wallendszus K, Brenner S, Cheung AK, Liu ZH, Li J, Hooi LS, Liu WJ, Kadowaki T, Nangaku M, Levin A, Cherney D, Maggioni AP, Pontremoli R, Deo R, Goto S, Rossello X, Tuttle KR, Steubl D, Massey D, Landray MJ, Baigent C, Haynes R, Herrington WG, Abat S, Abd Rahman R, Abdul Cader R, Abdul Hafidz MI, Abdul Wahab MZ, Abdullah NK, Abdul-Samad T, Abe M, Abraham N, Acheampong S, Achiri P, Acosta JA, Adeleke A, Adell V, Adewuyi-Dalton R, Adnan N, Africano A, Agharazii M, Aguilar F, Aguilera A, Ahmad M, Ahmad MK, Ahmad NA, Ahmad NH, Ahmad NI, Ahmad Miswan N, Ahmad Rosdi H, Ahmed I, Ahmed S, Ahmed S, Aiello J, Aitken A, AitSadi R, Aker S, Akimoto S, Akinfolarin A, Akram S, Alberici F, Albert C, Aldrich L, Alegata M, Alexander L, Alfaress S, Alhadj Ali M, Ali A, Ali A, Alicic R, Aliu A, Almaraz R, Almasarwah R, Almeida J, Aloisi A, Al-Rabadi L, Alscher D, Alvarez P, Al-Zeer B, Amat M, Ambrose C, Ammar H, An Y, Andriaccio L, Ansu K, Apostolidi A, Arai N, Araki H, Araki S, Arbi A, Arechiga O, Armstrong S, Arnold T, Aronoff S, Arriaga W, Arroyo J, Arteaga D, Asahara S, Asai A, Asai N, Asano S, Asawa M, Asmee MF, Aucella F, Augustin M, Avery A, Awad A, Awang IY, Awazawa M, Axler A, Ayub W, Azhari Z, Baccaro R, Badin C, Bagwell B, Bahlmann-Kroll E, Bahtar AZ, Baigent C, Bains D, Bajaj H, Baker R, Baldini E, Banas B, Banerjee D, Banno S, Bansal S, Barberi S, Barnes S, Barnini C, Barot C, Barrett K, Barrios R, Bartolomei Mecatti B, Barton I, Barton J, Basily W, Bavanandan S, Baxter A, Becker L, Beddhu S, Beige J, Beigh S, Bell S, Benck U, Beneat A, Bennett A, Bennett D, Benyon S, Berdeprado J, Bergler T, Bergner A, Berry M, Bevilacqua M, Bhairoo J, Bhandari S, Bhandary N, Bhatt A, Bhattarai M, Bhavsar M, Bian W, Bianchini F, Bianco S, Bilous R, Bilton J, Bilucaglia D, Bird C, Birudaraju D, Biscoveanu M, Blake C, Bleakley N, Bocchicchia K, Bodine S, Bodington R, Boedecker S, Bolduc M, Bolton S, Bond C, Boreky F, Boren K, Bouchi R, Bough L, Bovan D, Bowler C, Bowman L, Brar N, Braun C, Breach A, Breitenfeldt M, Brenner S, Brettschneider B, Brewer A, Brewer G, Brindle V, Brioni E, Brown C, Brown H, Brown L, Brown R, Brown S, Browne D, Bruce K, Brueckmann M, Brunskill N, Bryant M, Brzoska M, Bu Y, Buckman C, Budoff M, Bullen M, Burke A, Burnette S, Burston C, Busch M, Bushnell J, Butler S, Büttner C, Byrne C, Caamano A, Cadorna J, Cafiero C, Cagle M, Cai J, Calabrese K, Calvi C, Camilleri B, Camp S, Campbell D, Campbell R, Cao H, Capelli I, Caple M, Caplin B, Cardone A, Carle J, Carnall V, Caroppo M, Carr S, Carraro G, Carson M, Casares P, Castillo C, Castro C, Caudill B, Cejka V, Ceseri M, Cham L, Chamberlain A, Chambers J, Chan CBT, Chan JYM, Chan YC, Chang E, Chang E, Chant T, Chavagnon T, Chellamuthu P, Chen F, Chen J, Chen P, Chen TM, Chen Y, Chen Y, Cheng C, Cheng H, Cheng MC, Cherney D, Cheung AK, Ching CH, Chitalia N, Choksi R, Chukwu C, Chung K, Cianciolo G, Cipressa L, Clark S, Clarke H, Clarke R, Clarke S, Cleveland B, Cole E, Coles H, Condurache L, Connor A, Convery K, Cooper A, Cooper N, Cooper Z, Cooperman L, Cosgrove L, Coutts P, Cowley A, Craik R, Cui G, Cummins T, Dahl N, Dai H, Dajani L, D'Amelio A, Damian E, Damianik K, Danel L, Daniels C, Daniels T, Darbeau S, Darius H, Dasgupta T, Davies J, Davies L, Davis A, Davis J, Davis L, Dayanandan R, Dayi S, Dayrell R, De Nicola L, Debnath S, Deeb W, Degenhardt S, DeGoursey K, Delaney M, Deo R, DeRaad R, Derebail V, Dev D, Devaux M, Dhall P, Dhillon G, Dienes J, Dobre M, Doctolero E, Dodds V, Domingo D, Donaldson D, Donaldson P, Donhauser C, Donley V, Dorestin S, Dorey S, Doulton T, Draganova D, Draxlbauer K, Driver F, Du H, Dube F, Duck T, Dugal T, Dugas J, Dukka H, Dumann H, Durham W, Dursch M, Dykas R, Easow R, Eckrich E, Eden G, Edmerson E, Edwards H, Ee LW, Eguchi J, Ehrl Y, Eichstadt K, Eid W, Eilerman B, Ejima Y, Eldon H, Ellam T, Elliott L, Ellison R, Emberson J, Epp R, Er A, Espino-Obrero M, Estcourt S, Estienne L, Evans G, Evans J, Evans S, Fabbri G, Fajardo-Moser M, Falcone C, Fani F, Faria-Shayler P, Farnia F, Farrugia D, Fechter M, Fellowes D, Feng F, Fernandez J, Ferraro P, Field A, Fikry S, Finch J, Finn H, Fioretto P, Fish R, Fleischer A, Fleming-Brown D, Fletcher L, Flora R, Foellinger C, Foligno N, Forest S, Forghani Z, Forsyth K, Fottrell-Gould D, Fox P, Frankel A, Fraser D, Frazier R, Frederick K, Freking N, French H, Froment A, Fuchs B, Fuessl L, Fujii H, Fujimoto A, Fujita A, Fujita K, Fujita Y, Fukagawa M, Fukao Y, Fukasawa A, Fuller T, Funayama T, Fung E, Furukawa M, Furukawa Y, Furusho M, Gabel S, Gaidu J, Gaiser S, Gallo K, Galloway C, Gambaro G, Gan CC, Gangemi C, Gao M, Garcia K, Garcia M, Garofalo C, Garrity M, Garza A, Gasko S, Gavrila M, Gebeyehu B, Geddes A, Gentile G, George A, George J, Gesualdo L, Ghalli F, Ghanem A, Ghate T, Ghavampour S, Ghazi A, Gherman A, Giebeln-Hudnell U, Gill B, Gillham S, Girakossyan I, Girndt M, Giuffrida A, Glenwright M, Glider T, Gloria R, Glowski D, Goh BL, Goh CB, Gohda T, Goldenberg R, Goldfaden R, Goldsmith C, Golson B, Gonce V, Gong Q, Goodenough B, Goodwin N, Goonasekera M, Gordon A, Gordon J, Gore A, Goto H, Goto S, Goto S, Gowen D, Grace A, Graham J, Grandaliano G, Gray M, Green JB, Greene T, Greenwood G, Grewal B, Grifa R, Griffin D, Griffin S, Grimmer P, Grobovaite E, Grotjahn S, Guerini A, Guest C, Gunda S, Guo B, Guo Q, Haack S, Haase M, Haaser K, Habuki K, Hadley A, Hagan S, Hagge S, Haller H, Ham S, Hamal S, Hamamoto Y, Hamano N, Hamm M, Hanburry A, Haneda M, Hanf C, Hanif W, Hansen J, Hanson L, Hantel S, Haraguchi T, Harding E, Harding T, Hardy C, Hartner C, Harun Z, Harvill L, Hasan A, Hase H, Hasegawa F, Hasegawa T, Hashimoto A, Hashimoto C, Hashimoto M, Hashimoto S, Haskett S, Hauske SJ, Hawfield A, Hayami T, Hayashi M, Hayashi S, Haynes R, Hazara A, Healy C, Hecktman J, Heine G, Henderson H, Henschel R, Hepditch A, Herfurth K, Hernandez G, Hernandez Pena A, Hernandez-Cassis C, Herrington WG, Herzog C, Hewins S, Hewitt D, Hichkad L, Higashi S, Higuchi C, Hill C, Hill L, Hill M, Himeno T, Hing A, Hirakawa Y, Hirata K, Hirota Y, Hisatake T, Hitchcock S, Hodakowski A, Hodge W, Hogan R, Hohenstatt U, Hohenstein B, Hooi L, Hope S, Hopley M, Horikawa S, Hosein D, Hosooka T, Hou L, Hou W, Howie L, Howson A, Hozak M, Htet Z, Hu X, Hu Y, Huang J, Huda N, Hudig L, Hudson A, Hugo C, Hull R, Hume L, Hundei W, Hunt N, Hunter A, Hurley S, Hurst A, Hutchinson C, Hyo T, Ibrahim FH, Ibrahim S, Ihana N, Ikeda T, Imai A, Imamine R, Inamori A, Inazawa H, Ingell J, Inomata K, Inukai Y, Ioka M, Irtiza-Ali A, Isakova T, Isari W, Iselt M, Ishiguro A, Ishihara K, Ishikawa T, Ishimoto T, Ishizuka K, Ismail R, Itano S, Ito H, Ito K, Ito M, Ito Y, Iwagaitsu S, Iwaita Y, Iwakura T, Iwamoto M, Iwasa M, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki S, Izumi K, Izumi K, Izumi T, Jaafar SM, Jackson C, Jackson Y, Jafari G, Jahangiriesmaili M, Jain N, Jansson K, Jasim H, Jeffers L, Jenkins A, Jesky M, Jesus-Silva J, Jeyarajah D, Jiang Y, Jiao X, Jimenez G, Jin B, Jin Q, Jochims J, Johns B, Johnson C, Johnson T, Jolly S, Jones L, Jones L, Jones S, Jones T, Jones V, Joseph M, Joshi S, Judge P, Junejo N, Junus S, Kachele M, Kadowaki T, Kadoya H, Kaga H, Kai H, Kajio H, Kaluza-Schilling W, Kamaruzaman L, Kamarzarian A, Kamimura Y, Kamiya H, Kamundi C, Kan T, Kanaguchi Y, Kanazawa A, Kanda E, Kanegae S, Kaneko K, Kaneko K, Kang HY, Kano T, Karim M, Karounos D, Karsan W, Kasagi R, Kashihara N, Katagiri H, Katanosaka A, Katayama A, Katayama M, Katiman E, Kato K, Kato M, Kato N, Kato S, Kato T, Kato Y, Katsuda Y, Katsuno T, Kaufeld J, Kavak Y, Kawai I, Kawai M, Kawai M, Kawase A, Kawashima S, Kazory A, Kearney J, Keith B, Kellett J, Kelley S, Kershaw M, Ketteler M, Khai Q, Khairullah Q, Khandwala H, Khoo KKL, Khwaja A, Kidokoro K, Kielstein J, Kihara M, Kimber C, Kimura S, Kinashi H, Kingston H, Kinomura M, Kinsella-Perks E, Kitagawa M, Kitajima M, Kitamura S, Kiyosue A, Kiyota M, Klauser F, Klausmann G, Kmietschak W, Knapp K, Knight C, Knoppe A, Knott C, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi R, Kobayashi T, Koch M, Kodama S, Kodani N, Kogure E, Koizumi M, Kojima H, Kojo T, Kolhe N, Komaba H, Komiya T, Komori H, Kon SP, Kondo M, Kondo M, Kong W, Konishi M, Kono K, Koshino M, Kosugi T, Kothapalli B, Kozlowski T, Kraemer B, Kraemer-Guth A, Krappe J, Kraus D, Kriatselis C, Krieger C, Krish P, Kruger B, Ku Md Razi KR, Kuan Y, Kubota S, Kuhn S, Kumar P, Kume S, Kummer I, Kumuji R, Küpper A, Kuramae T, Kurian L, Kuribayashi C, Kurien R, Kuroda E, Kurose T, Kutschat A, Kuwabara N, Kuwata H, La Manna G, Lacey M, Lafferty K, LaFleur P, Lai V, Laity E, Lambert A, Landray MJ, Langlois M, Latif F, Latore E, Laundy E, Laurienti D, Lawson A, Lay M, Leal I, Leal I, Lee AK, Lee J, Lee KQ, Lee R, Lee SA, Lee YY, Lee-Barkey Y, Leonard N, Leoncini G, Leong CM, Lerario S, Leslie A, Levin A, Lewington A, Li J, Li N, Li X, Li Y, Liberti L, Liberti ME, Liew A, Liew YF, Lilavivat U, Lim SK, Lim YS, Limon E, Lin H, Lioudaki E, Liu H, Liu J, Liu L, Liu Q, Liu WJ, Liu X, Liu Z, Loader D, Lochhead H, Loh CL, Lorimer A, Loudermilk L, Loutan J, Low CK, Low CL, Low YM, Lozon Z, Lu Y, Lucci D, Ludwig U, Luker N, Lund D, Lustig R, Lyle S, Macdonald C, MacDougall I, Machicado R, MacLean D, Macleod P, Madera A, Madore F, Maeda K, Maegawa H, Maeno S, Mafham M, Magee J, Maggioni AP, Mah DY, Mahabadi V, Maiguma M, Makita Y, Makos G, Manco L, Mangiacapra R, Manley J, Mann P, Mano S, Marcotte G, Maris J, Mark P, Markau S, Markovic M, Marshall C, Martin M, Martinez C, Martinez S, Martins G, Maruyama K, Maruyama S, Marx K, Maselli A, Masengu A, Maskill A, Masumoto S, Masutani K, Matsumoto M, Matsunaga T, Matsuoka N, Matsushita M, Matthews M, Matthias S, Matvienko E, Maurer M, Maxwell P, Mayne KJ, Mazlan N, Mazlan SA, Mbuyisa A, McCafferty K, McCarroll F, McCarthy T, McClary-Wright C, McCray K, McDermott P, McDonald C, McDougall R, McHaffie E, McIntosh K, McKinley T, McLaughlin S, McLean N, McNeil L, Measor A, Meek J, Mehta A, Mehta R, Melandri M, Mené P, Meng T, Menne J, Merritt K, Merscher S, Meshykhi C, Messa P, Messinger L, Miftari N, Miller R, Miller Y, Miller-Hodges E, Minatoguchi M, Miners M, Minutolo R, Mita T, Miura Y, Miyaji M, Miyamoto S, Miyatsuka T, Miyazaki M, Miyazawa I, Mizumachi R, Mizuno M, Moffat S, Mohamad Nor FS, Mohamad Zaini SN, Mohamed Affandi FA, Mohandas C, Mohd R, Mohd Fauzi NA, Mohd Sharif NH, Mohd Yusoff Y, Moist L, Moncada A, Montasser M, Moon A, Moran C, Morgan N, Moriarty J, Morig G, Morinaga H, Morino K, Morisaki T, Morishita Y, Morlok S, Morris A, Morris F, Mostafa S, Mostefai Y, Motegi M, Motherwell N, Motta D, Mottl A, Moys R, Mozaffari S, Muir J, Mulhern J, Mulligan S, Munakata Y, Murakami C, Murakoshi M, Murawska A, Murphy K, Murphy L, Murray S, Murtagh H, Musa MA, Mushahar L, Mustafa R, Mustafar R, Muto M, Nadar E, Nagano R, Nagasawa T, Nagashima E, Nagasu H, Nagelberg S, Nair H, Nakagawa Y, Nakahara M, Nakamura J, Nakamura R, Nakamura T, Nakaoka M, Nakashima E, Nakata J, Nakata M, Nakatani S, Nakatsuka A, Nakayama Y, Nakhoul G, Nangaku M, Naverrete G, Navivala A, Nazeer I, Negrea L, Nethaji C, Newman E, Ng SYA, Ng TJ, Ngu LLS, Nimbkar T, Nishi H, Nishi M, Nishi S, Nishida Y, Nishiyama A, Niu J, Niu P, Nobili G, Nohara N, Nojima I, Nolan J, Nosseir H, Nozawa M, Nunn M, Nunokawa S, Oda M, Oe M, Oe Y, Ogane K, Ogawa W, Ogihara T, Oguchi G, Ohsugi M, Oishi K, Okada Y, Okajyo J, Okamoto S, Okamura K, Olufuwa O, Oluyombo R, Omata A, Omori Y, Ong LM, Ong YC, Onyema J, Oomatia A, Oommen A, Oremus R, Orimo Y, Ortalda V, Osaki Y, Osawa Y, Osmond Foster J, O'Sullivan A, Otani T, Othman N, Otomo S, O'Toole J, Owen L, Ozawa T, Padiyar A, Page N, Pajak S, Paliege A, Pandey A, Pandey R, Pariani H, Park J, Parrigon M, Passauer J, Patecki M, Patel M, Patel R, Patel T, Patel Z, Paul R, Paul R, Paulsen L, Pavone L, Peixoto A, Peji J, Peng BC, Peng K, Pennino L, Pereira E, Perez E, Pergola P, Pesce F, Pessolano G, Petchey W, Petr EJ, Pfab T, Phelan P, Phillips R, Phillips T, Phipps M, Piccinni G, Pickett T, Pickworth S, Piemontese M, Pinto D, Piper J, Plummer-Morgan J, Poehler D, Polese L, Poma V, Pontremoli R, Postal A, Pötz C, Power A, Pradhan N, Pradhan R, Preiss D, Preiss E, Preston K, Prib N, Price L, Provenzano C, Pugay C, Pulido R, Putz F, Qiao Y, Quartagno R, Quashie-Akponeware M, Rabara R, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Radhakrishnan D, Radley M, Raff R, Raguwaran S, Rahbari-Oskoui F, Rahman M, Rahmat K, Ramadoss S, Ramanaidu S, Ramasamy S, Ramli R, Ramli S, Ramsey T, Rankin A, Rashidi A, Raymond L, Razali WAFA, Read K, Reiner H, Reisler A, Reith C, Renner J, Rettenmaier B, Richmond L, Rijos D, Rivera R, Rivers V, Robinson H, Rocco M, Rodriguez-Bachiller I, Rodriquez R, Roesch C, Roesch J, Rogers J, Rohnstock M, Rolfsmeier S, Roman M, Romo A, Rosati A, Rosenberg S, Ross T, Rossello X, Roura M, Roussel M, Rovner S, Roy S, Rucker S, Rump L, Ruocco M, Ruse S, Russo F, Russo M, Ryder M, Sabarai A, Saccà C, Sachson R, Sadler E, Safiee NS, Sahani M, Saillant A, Saini J, Saito C, Saito S, Sakaguchi K, Sakai M, Salim H, Salviani C, Sammons E, Sampson A, Samson F, Sandercock P, Sanguila S, Santorelli G, Santoro D, Sarabu N, Saram T, Sardell R, Sasajima H, Sasaki T, Satko S, Sato A, Sato D, Sato H, Sato H, Sato J, Sato T, Sato Y, Satoh M, Sawada K, Schanz M, Scheidemantel F, Schemmelmann M, Schettler E, Schettler V, Schlieper GR, Schmidt C, Schmidt G, Schmidt U, Schmidt-Gurtler H, Schmude M, Schneider A, Schneider I, Schneider-Danwitz C, Schomig M, Schramm T, Schreiber A, Schricker S, Schroppel B, Schulte-Kemna L, Schulz E, Schumacher B, Schuster A, Schwab A, Scolari F, Scott A, Seeger W, Seeger W, Segal M, Seifert L, Seifert M, Sekiya M, Sellars R, Seman MR, Shah S, Shah S, Shainberg L, Shanmuganathan M, Shao F, Sharma K, Sharpe C, Sheikh-Ali M, Sheldon J, Shenton C, Shepherd A, Shepperd M, Sheridan R, Sheriff Z, Shibata Y, Shigehara T, Shikata K, Shimamura K, Shimano H, Shimizu Y, Shimoda H, Shin K, Shivashankar G, Shojima N, Silva R, Sim CSB, Simmons K, Sinha S, Sitter T, Sivanandam S, Skipper M, Sloan K, Sloan L, Smith R, Smyth J, Sobande T, Sobata M, Somalanka S, Song X, Sonntag F, Sood B, Sor SY, Soufer J, Sparks H, Spatoliatore G, Spinola T, Squyres S, Srivastava A, Stanfield J, Staplin N, Staylor K, Steele A, Steen O, Steffl D, Stegbauer J, Stellbrink C, Stellbrink E, Stevens W, Stevenson A, Stewart-Ray V, Stickley J, Stoffler D, Stratmann B, Streitenberger S, Strutz F, Stubbs J, Stumpf J, Suazo N, Suchinda P, Suckling R, Sudin A, Sugamori K, Sugawara H, Sugawara K, Sugimoto D, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama T, Sullivan M, Sumi M, Suresh N, Sutton D, Suzuki H, Suzuki R, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Swanson E, Swift P, Syed S, Szerlip H, Taal M, Taddeo M, Tailor C, Tajima K, Takagi M, Takahashi K, Takahashi K, Takahashi M, Takahashi T, Takahira E, Takai T, Takaoka M, Takeoka J, Takesada A, Takezawa M, Talbot M, Taliercio J, Talsania T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, Vinall L, Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
Collapse
|
8
|
Boro B, Kim N, Kim JS, Paul R, Nailwal Y, Choi Y, Seo DH, Mondal J, Ryu J. Photocatalytic H 2O 2 production from water and air using porous organic polymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:1784-1792. [PMID: 37683406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from H2O and O2 under visible light irradiation is a promising solar-to-chemical energy conversion technology. Hydrogen peroxide has versatile applications as a green oxidant and liquid energy carrier but has been produced through energy-intensive and complex anthraquinone processes. Herein, we report the rational design of efficient and stable porous organic polymer (POP) containing redox centers, anthraquinone photocatalyst (ANQ-POP) for solar H2O2 production. ANQ-POP is readily synthesized with stable dioxin-linkages via efficient one-pot, transition-metal-free nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions between 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octafluoro-9,10-anthraquinone (OFANQ) and 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP). Exhibiting a fibrillar morphology, ANQ-POP boasts a high surface area of 380 m2∙g-1 and demonstrates thermal stability. With 10 % ethanol, ANQ-POP yields an H2O2 production rate of 320 μmol g-1 under visible light irradiation. Moreover, ANQ-POP alone can efficiently produce H2O2 without any photosensitizers and cocatalysts. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the quinone groups of the anthraquinone moieties can serve as redox centers for H2O2 production under light irradiation. Furthermore, unlike most conventional photocatalysts, it can produce H2O2 using only water and air by catalyzing both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions under light irradiation. Our findings provide an efficient, eco-friendly pathway for photocatalytic production of H2O2 under mild reaction conditions using a dioxin-derived POP-based photocatalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Boro
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nayeong Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Emergent Hydrogen Technology R&D Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Yogendra Nailwal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Yuri Choi
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Emergent Hydrogen Technology R&D Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Jungki Ryu
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Emergent Hydrogen Technology R&D Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Center for Renewable Carbon, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Paul R, Das R, Das N, Chakraborty S, Pao CW, Thang Trinh Q, Kalhara Gunasooriya GTK, Mondal J, Peter SC. Tweaking Photo CO 2 Reduction by Altering Lewis Acidic Sites in Metalated-Porous Organic Polymer for Adjustable H 2 /CO Ratio in Syngas Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311304. [PMID: 37872849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have specifically designed two metalated porous organic polymers (Zn-POP and Co-POP) for syngas (CO+H2 ) production from gaseous CO2 . The variable H2 /CO ratio of syngas with the highest efficiency was produced in water medium (without an organic hole scavenger and photosensitizer) by utilizing the basic principle of Lewis acid/base chemistry. Also, we observed the formation of entirely different major products during photocatalytic CO2 reduction and water splitting with the help of the two catalysts, where CO (145.65 μmol g-1 h-1 ) and H2 (434.7 μmol g-1 h-1 ) production were preferentially obtained over Co-POP & Zn-POP, respectively. The higher electron density/better Lewis basic nature of Co-POP was investigated further using XPS, XANES, and NH3 -TPD studies, which considerably improve CO2 activation capacity. Moreover, the structure-activity relationship was confirmed via in situ DRIFTS and DFT studies, which demonstrated the formation of COOH* intermediate along with the thermodynamic feasibility of CO2 reduction over Co-POP while water splitting occurred preferentially over Zn-POP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Risov Das
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre forAdvanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
| | - Nitumani Das
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre forAdvanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Centre, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Quang Thang Trinh
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Australia
| | | | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sebastian C Peter
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre forAdvanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Paul R, Goldberg SI, Chan AW. Demystifying the Role of Radiation Dose Bath in Brain Injury Using Machine Learning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e460. [PMID: 37785474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) It is well known that high-dose radiation results in brain injury, the long-term effects of low-dose radiation, however, is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of low-dose bath on MRI changes, on both clinical and micro-architectural levels, using machine learning and computational methods. MATERIALS/METHODS Six hundreds and fifty-six temporal lobe and 45 whole brain DVHs from patients treated for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) with IMRT or proton were included in this study. Temporal lobe injury (TLI) was defined as development of new T1 enhancement on MRI with or without surrounding T2 edema. Patients were divided randomly into train (50%) and test (50%) sets. Accuracy and AUC were used to evaluate the model performance. Minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR) or SHAP algorithms was employed for feature selection. Support vector machine or random forest was used for classification. Automated cortical region segmentation using FreeSurfer v6 was performed in 33 patients with a minimum follow-up of 4 years. Architectural and biological MRI changes were determined in 34 different brain regions for each individual patient. RESULTS The top-ranked temporal lobe features predicting TLI were V66/V38 for IMRT patients and V10 for proton patients with an AUC of 0.95 and 0.74, respectively. For whole brain, the top features were V16 and V13 with an AUC of 0.70. The rates of TLI at 5 years for V10-20(whole brain) ≥ 180cc and V10-20(whole brain) < 180 were 39.5% and 6.2%, respectively (HR = 5.5, 95% CI 1.4-22.0, p = 0.02). There were global changes in gray matter thickness, with most pronounced changes occurred in parietal lobe (-4.79%, p = 0.007) and occipital lobe (-5.68%, p = 0.03). Similarly, there were diffuse changes in white matter and subcortical volume. After radiation, the frontal lobe increased by 17.5% (p = 0.04), lateral ventricle 41% (p = 0.03), and choroid plexus 34.3% (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Low-dose radiation bath is associated with increased risk of temporal lobe injury and global disruption in brain architecture in NPC survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Paul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - A W Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qin X, Paul R, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Cheng X, Liu Y. Multiplex solid-phase RPA coupled CRISPR-based visual detection of SARS-CoV-2. Biosens Bioelectron X 2023; 14:100381. [PMID: 38293281 PMCID: PMC10827331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a significant challenge to the world's public health and led to over 6.9 million deaths reported to date. A rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective point-of-care virus detection device is essential for the control and surveillance of the contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The study presented here aimed to demonstrate a solid-phase isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification coupled CRISPR-based (spRPA-CRISPR) assay for on-chip multiplexed, sensitive and visual COVID-19 DNA detection. The assay targets the SARS-CoV-2 structure protein encoded genomes and can simultaneously detect two specific genes without cross-interaction. The amplified target sequences were immobilized on the one-pot device surface and detected using the mixed Cas12a-crRNA collateral cleavage of reporter-released fluorescent signal when specific genes were recognized. The endpoint signal can be directly visualized for rapid detection of COVID-19. The system was tested with samples of a broad range of concentrations (20 to 2 × 104 copies) and showed analytical sensitivity down to 20 copies per microliter. Furthermore, a low-cost blue LED flashlight (~$12) was used to provide a visible SARS-CoV-2 detection signal of the spRPA-CRISPR assay which could be purchased online easily. Thus, our platform provides a sensitive and easy-to-read multiplexed gene detection method that can specifically identify low concentration genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Paul R, Kalita P, Dao DQ, Mondal I, Boro B, Mondal J. Linker Independent Regioselective Protonation Triggered Detoxification of Sulfur Mustards with Smart Porous Organic Photopolymer. Small 2023; 19:e2302045. [PMID: 37165579 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient metal-free photocatalysts for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for sulfur mustard (HD) decontamination can play a vital role against the stockpiling of chemical warfare agents (CWAs). Herein, one novel concept is conceived by smartly choosing a specific ionic monomer and a donor tritopic aldehyde, which can trigger linker-independent regioselective protonation/deprotonation in the polymeric backbone. In this context, the newly developed vinylene-linked ionic polymers (TPA/TPD-Ionic) are further explored for visible-light-assisted detoxification of HD simulants. Time-resolved-photoluminescence (TRPL) study reveals the protonation effect in the polymeric backbone by significantly enhancing the life span of photoexcited electrons. In terms of catalytic performance, TPA-Ionic outperformed TPD-Ionic because of its enhanced excitons formation and charge carrier abilities caused by the donor-acceptor (D-A) backbone and protonation effects. Moreover, the formation of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) species is confirmed via in-situ Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) analysis, which explained the crucial role of solvents in the reaction medium to regulate the (1 O2 ) formation. This study creates a new avenue for developing novel porous photocatalysts and highlights the crucial roles of sacrificial electron donors and solvents in the reaction medium to establish the structure-activity relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Kalita
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Duy Quang Dao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
- School of Engineering and Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Indranil Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bishal Boro
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Paul R, Zhao Y, Coster D, Qin X, Islam K, Wu Y, Liu Y. Rapid prototyping of high-resolution large format microfluidic device through maskless image guided in-situ photopolymerization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4520. [PMID: 37500653 PMCID: PMC10374892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have found extensive applications in mechanical, biomedical, chemical, and materials research. However, the high initial cost, low resolution, inferior feature fidelity, poor repeatability, rough surface finish, and long turn-around time of traditional prototyping methods limit their wider adoption. In this study, a strategic approach to a deterministic fabrication process based on in-situ image analysis and intermittent flow control called image-guided in-situ maskless lithography (IGIs-ML), has been proposed to overcome these challenges. By using dynamic image analysis and integrated flow control, IGIs-ML provides superior repeatability and fidelity of densely packed features across a large area and multiple devices. This general and robust approach enables the fabrication of a wide variety of microfluidic devices and resolves critical proximity effect and size limitations in rapid prototyping. The affordability and reliability of IGIs-ML make it a powerful tool for exploring the design space beyond the capabilities of traditional rapid prototyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Declan Coster
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Khayrul Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martínez DA, Cai J, Lin G, Goodman KE, Paul R, Lessler J, Levin SR, Toerper M, Simner PJ, Milstone AM, Klein EY. Modelling interventions and contact networks to reduce the spread of carbapenem-resistant organisms between individuals in the ICU. J Hosp Infect 2023; 136:1-7. [PMID: 36907332 PMCID: PMC10315994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact precautions are widely used to prevent the transmission of carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) in hospital wards. However, evidence for their effectiveness in natural hospital environments is limited. OBJECTIVE To determine which contact precautions, healthcare worker (HCW)-patient interactions, and patient and ward characteristics are associated with greater risk of CRO infection or colonization. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS CRO clinical and surveillance cultures from two high-acuity wards were assessed through probabilistic modelling to characterize a susceptible patient's risk of CRO infection or colonization during a ward stay. User- and time-stamped electronic health records were used to build HCW-mediated contact networks between patients. Probabilistic models were adjusted for patient (e.g. antibiotic administration) and ward (e.g. hand hygiene compliance, environmental cleaning) characteristics. The effects of risk factors were assessed by adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% Bayesian credible intervals (CrI). EXPOSURES The degree of interaction with CRO-positive patients, stratified by whether CRO-positive patients were on contact precautions. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The prevalence of CROs and number of new carriers (i.e. incident CRO aquisition). RESULTS Among 2193 ward visits, 126 (5.8%) patients became colonized or infected with CROs. Susceptible patients had 4.8 daily interactions with CRO-positive individuals on contact precautions (vs 1.9 interactions with those not on contact precautions). The use of contact precautions for CRO-positive patients was associated with a reduced rate (7.4 vs 93.5 per 1000 patient-days at risk) and odds (aOR 0.03, 95% CrI 0.01-0.17) of CRO acquisition among susceptible patients, resulting in an estimated absolute risk reduction of 9.0% (95% CrI 7.6-9.2%). Also, carbapenem administration to susceptible patients was associated with increased odds of CRO acquisition (aOR 2.38, 95% CrI 1.70-3.29). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this population-based cohort study, the use of contact precautions for patients colonized or infected with CROs was associated with lower risk of CRO acquisition among susceptible patients, even after adjusting for antibiotic exposure. Further studies that include organism genotyping are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Martínez
- School of Industrial Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - J Cai
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G Lin
- Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K E Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Paul
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - J Lessler
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S R Levin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Toerper
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P J Simner
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A M Milstone
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Y Klein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Boro B, Paul R, Tan HL, Trinh QT, Rabeah J, Chang CC, Pao CW, Liu W, Nguyen NT, Mai BK, Mondal J. Experimental Validation and Computational Predictions Join Forces to Map Catalytic C-H Activation in Ferrocene Metalated Porous Organic Polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:21027-21039. [PMID: 37083336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, a self-complementary balanced characteristic feature with the combination of both covalent bonds (structural stability) and open metal sites (single-site catalysis) introduced an advanced emerging functional nanoarchitecture termed metalated porous organic polymers (M-POPs). However, the development of M-POPs in view of the current interest in catalysis has been realized still in its infancy and remains a challenge for the years to come. In this work, we built benzothiazole-linked Fe-metalated porous organic polymer (Fc-Bz-POP) using ferrocene dicarboxaldehyde (FDC), 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl) benzene (APB), and elemental sulfur (S8) via a template-free, multicomponent, cost-effective one-pot synthetic approach. This Fc-Bz-POP is endowed with unique features including an extended network unit, isolated active sites, and catalytic pocket with a possible local structure, in which convergent binding sites are positioned in such a way that substrate molecules can be held in close proximity. Prospective catalytic application of this Fc-Bz-POP has been explored in executing catalytic allylic "C-H" bond functionalization of cyclohexene (CHX) in water at room temperature. Catalytic screening results identified that a superior performance with a CHX conversion of 95% and a 2-cyclohexene-1-ol selectivity (COL) of 80.8% at 4 h and 25 °C temperature has been achieved over Fc-Bz-POP, thereby addressing previous shortcomings of the other conventional catalytic systems. Comprehensive characterization understanding with the aid of synchrotron-based extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis manifested that the Fe atom with an oxidation state of +2 in our Fc-Bz-POP catalytic system encompasses a sandwich structural environment with the two symmetrical eclipsed cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings, featuring nearest-neighbor (NN) Fe-C (≈2.05 Å) intramolecular bonds, as validated by the Fe L3-edge EXAFS fitting result. Furthermore, in situ attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) analysis data for liquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexene allow for the formulation of a molecular-level reaction mechanistic pathway with the involvement of specific reaction intermediates, which is initiated by the radical functionalization of the allyl hydrogen. A deep insight investigation from density functional theory (DFT) calculations unambiguously revealed that the dominant pathway from cyclohexene to 2-cyclohexene-1-ol is initiated by an allyl-H functionalization step accompanied by the formation of 2-cyclohexene-1-hydroperoxide species as the key reaction intermediate. Electronic properties obtained from DFT simulations via the charge density difference plot, Bader charge, and density of state (DOS) demonstrate the importance of the organic polymer frame structure in altering the electronic properties of the Fe site in Fc-Bz-POP, resulting in its high activity. Our contribution has great implications for the precise design of metalated porous organic polymer-based robust catalysts, which will open a new avenue to get a clear image of surface catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Boro
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Hui Ling Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Quang Thang Trinh
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT Rostock), Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Chia-Che Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Paul R, Roy J, Roy K. Prediction of soil ecotoxicity against Folsomia candida using acute and chronic endpoints. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2023; 34:321-340. [PMID: 37218661 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2023.2211350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soil invertebrates serve as great biological indicators of soil quality. However, there are very few in silico models developed so far on the soil toxicity of chemicals against soil invertebrates due to paucity of data. In this study, three available soil ecotoxicity data (pLC50, pLOEL and pNOEL) against the soil invertebrate Folsomia candida were collected from the ECOTOX database (cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox) and subjected to quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis using 2D descriptors. The collected data for each endpoint were initially curated and used to develop a partial least squares (PLS) regression model based on the features selected through a genetic algorithm followed by the best subset selection. Both internal and external validation metrics of the models' predictions are well-balanced and within the acceptable range as per the Organization for the Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) criteria. From the developed models, it has been found that molecular weight and presence of phosphate group, electron donor groups, and polyhalogen substitution have a significant impact on the soil ecotoxicity. The soil ecotoxicological risk assessment of organic chemicals can therefore be prioritized by these features. With the availability of additional data in the future, the models may be further refined for more precise predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Paul
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - J Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - K Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gong X, Polsin DN, Paul R, Henderson BJ, Eggert JH, Coppari F, Smith RF, Rygg JR, Collins GW. X-Ray Diffraction of Ramp-Compressed Silicon to 390 GPa. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:076101. [PMID: 36867795 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.076101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) exhibits a rich collection of phase transitions under ambient-temperature isothermal and shock compression. This report describes in situ diffraction measurements of ramp-compressed Si between 40 and 389 GPa. Angle-dispersive x-ray scattering reveals that Si assumes an hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure between 40 and 93 GPa and, at higher pressure, a face-centered cubic structure that persists to at least 389 GPa, the highest pressure for which the crystal structure of Si has been investigated. The range of hcp stability extends to higher pressures and temperatures than predicted by theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Gong
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0132, USA
| | - D N Polsin
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0132, USA
| | - R Paul
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0132, USA
| | - B J Henderson
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - F Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - R F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0132, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - G W Collins
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0132, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou Y, Wu Y, Paul R, Qin X, Liu Y. Hierarchical Vessel Network-Supported Tumor Model-on-a-Chip Constructed by Induced Spontaneous Anastomosis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:6431-6441. [PMID: 36693007 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system in living tissues is a highly organized system that consists of vessels with various diameters for nutrient delivery and waste transport. In recent years, many vessel construction methods have been developed for building vascularized on-chip tissue models. These methods usually focused on constructing vessels at a single scale. In this work, a method that can build a hierarchical and perfusable vessel networks was developed. By providing flow stimuli and proper HUVEC concentration, spontaneous anastomosis between endothelialized lumens and the self-assembled capillary network was induced; thus, a perfusable network containing vessels at different scales was achieved. With this simple method, an in vivo-like hierarchical vessel-supported tumor model was prepared and its application in anticancer drug testing was demonstrated. The tumor growth rate was predicted by combining computational fluid dynamics simulation and a tumor growth mathematical model to understand the vessel perfusability effect on tumor growth rate in the hierarchical vessel network. Compared to the tumor model without capillary vessels, the hierarchical vessel-supported tumor shows a significantly higher growth rate and drug delivery efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Das R, Paul R, Parui A, Shrotri A, Atzori C, Lomachenko KA, Singh AK, Mondal J, Peter SC. Engineering the Charge Density on an In 2.77S 4/Porous Organic Polymer Hybrid Photocatalyst for CO 2-to-Ethylene Conversion Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:422-435. [PMID: 36537351 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of an efficient photocatalyst for C2 product formation from CO2 is of urgent importance toward the deployment of solar-fuel production. Here, we report a template-free, cost-effective synthetic strategy to develop a carbazole-derived porous organic polymer (POP)-based composite catalyst. The composite catalyst is comprised of In2.77S4 and porous organic polymer (POP) and is held together by induced-polarity-driven electrostatic interaction. Utilizing the synergy of the catalytically active In centers and light-harvesting POPs, the catalyst showed 98.9% selectivity toward the generation of C2H4, with a formation rate of 67.65 μmol g-1 h-1. Two different oxidation states of the In2.77S4 spinel were exploited for the C-C coupling process, and this was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The role of POP was elucidated via several photophysical and photoelectrochemical studies. The electron transfer was mapped by several correlated approaches, which assisted in establishing the Z-scheme mechanism. Furthermore, the mechanism of C2H4 formation was extensively investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations from multiple possible pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risov Das
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore560064, India.,School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore560064, India
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Arko Parui
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Abhijit Shrotri
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
| | - Cesare Atzori
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Kirill A Lomachenko
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Sebastian C Peter
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore560064, India.,School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore560064, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Das N, Paul R, Chatterjee R, Shinde DB, Lai Z, Bhaumik A, Mondal J. Tuning of Microenvironment in Covalent Organic Framework via Fluorination Strategy promotes Selective CO 2 Capture. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202200970. [PMID: 36373678 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have designed and synthesized two heteroatom (N, O) rich covalent organic frameworks (COF), PD-COF and TF-COF, respectively, to demonstrate their relative effect on CO2 adsorption capacity and also CO2 /N2 selectivity. Compared to the non-fluorinated PD-COF (BET surface area 805 m2 g-1 , total pore volume 0.3647 ccg-1 ), a decrease in BET surface area and also pore volume have been observed for fluorinated TF-COF due to the incorporation of fluorine to the porous framework (BET surface area 451 m2 g-1 , total pore volume 0.2978 ccg-1 ). This fact leads to an enormous decrease in the CO2 adsorption capacity and CO2 /N2 selectivity of TF-COF, though it shows stronger affinity towards CO2 with a Qst of 37.76 KJ/mol. The more CO2 adsorption capacity by PD-COF can be attributed to the large specific surface area with considerable amount of micropore volume compared to the TF-COF. Further, PD-COF exhibited CO2 /N2 selectivity of 16.8, higher than that of TF-COF (CO2 /N2 selectivity 13.4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitumani Das
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rupak Chatterjee
- School of Materials Science, I, ndian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Digambar Balaji Shinde
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Science, I, ndian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kalita P, Paul R, Pao CW, Chatterjee R, Bhaumik A, Mondal J. Putting Forward Ni-Metallosalphen-Based Porous Organic Polymer for Detoxification of Sulfur Mustard Gas Simulant. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:5067-5070. [PMID: 37021353 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00349c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
We have introduced Friedel Craft alkylation strategy of a Ni-salphen complex as derived from 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde, isomer of biomass derived vanillin to construct Ni-salphen based porous organic polymer (Ni@T-POP). The X-ray...
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kalita
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Centre, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Rupak Chatterjee
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shit SC, Powar NS, Kalita P, Paul R, Xu S, Jung JW, Cho CH, In SI, Mondal J. Selective photocatalytic CO 2 reduction to CH 4 over metal-free porous polyimide in the solid-gas mode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13716-13719. [PMID: 36315250 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04701b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Using a catalyst-free one-pot polycondensation approach, a new donor-acceptor (D-A) based porous polyimide (PeTt-POP) photocatalyst was developed. PeTt-POP produced CH4 (125.63 ppm g-1 in 6 h) from CO2 under visible light irradiation in the gas-solid mode without the use of co-catalysts or sacrificial agents. The progress of the reaction and the corresponding intermediate species involved in the CO2 reduction were identified by operando DRIFTS experiments, from which a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chandra Shit
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu42988, Republic of Korea. .,Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Niket S Powar
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Priyanka Kalita
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Ratul Paul
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Shaojun Xu
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Jin-Woo Jung
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Cho
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Il In
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - John Mondal
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Paul R, Juliano A, Faquin W, Chan A. An Artificial Intelligence Ultrasound Platform for Screening and Staging Thyroid C. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
24
|
Paul R, Zhang Y, Goldberg S, Weyman E, Chan A. Decoding Brain Fog in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors Using Artificial Intelligence. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
25
|
Sarkar C, Paul R, Dao DQ, Xu S, Chatterjee R, Shit SC, Bhaumik A, Mondal J. Unlocking Molecular Secrets in a Monomer-Assembly-Promoted Zn-Metalated Catalytic Porous Organic Polymer for Light-Responsive CO 2 Insertion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:37620-37636. [PMID: 35944163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is soaring day by day due to fossil fuel combustion to fulfill the daily energy requirements of our society. The CO2 concentration should be stabilized to evade the deadly consequences of it, as climate change is one of the major consequences of greenhouse gas emission. Chemical fixation of CO2 to other value-added chemicals requires high energy due to its stability at the highest oxidation state, creating a tremendous challenge to the scientific community to fix CO2 and prevent global warming caused by it. In this work, we have introduced a novel monomer-assembly-directed strategy to design va isible-light-responsive conjugated Zn-metalated porous organic polymer (Zn@MA-POP) with a dynamic covalent acyl hydrazone linkage, via a one-pot condensation between the self-assembled monomer 1,3,5-benzenetricarbohydrazide (TPH) and a Zn complex (Zn@COM). We have successfully explored as-synthesized Zn@MA-POP as a potential photocatalyst in visible-light-driven CO2 photofixation with styrene epoxide (SE) to styrene carbonate (SC). Nearly 90% desired product (SC) selectivity has been achieved with our Zn@MA-POP, which is significantly better than that for the conventional Zn@TiO2 (∼29%) and Zn@gC3N4 (∼26%) photocatalytic systems. The excellent light-harvesting nature with longer lifetime minimizes the radiative recombination rate of photoexcited electrons as a result of extended π-conjugation in Zn@MA-POP and increased CO2 uptake, eventually boosting the photocatalytic activity. Local structural results from a first-shell EXAFS analysis reveals the existence of a Zn(N2O4) core structure in Zn@MA-POP, which plays a pivotal role in activating the epoxide ring as well as capturing the CO2 molecules. An in-depth study of the POP-CO2 interaction via a density functional theory (DFT) analysis reveals two feasible interactions, Zn@MA-POP-CO2-A and Zn@MA-POP-CO2-B, of which the latter has a lower relative energy of 0.90 kcal/mol in comparison to the former. A density of states (DOS) calculation demonstrates the lowering of the LUMO energy (EL) of Zn@MA-POP by 0.35 and 0.42 eV, respectively, for the two feasible interactions, in comparison to Zn@COM. Moreover, the potential energy profile also unveils the spontaneous and exergonic photoconversion pathways for the SE to SC conversion. Our contribution is expected to spur further interest in the precise design of visible-light-active conjugated porous organic polymers for CO2 photofixation to value-added chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Duy Quang Dao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Shaojun Xu
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell OX11 0FA, U.K
| | - Rupak Chatterjee
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Shit
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu Y, Zhou Y, Paul R, Qin X, Islam K, Liu Y. Adaptable Microfluidic Vessel-on-a-Chip Platform for Investigating Tumor Metastatic Transport in Bloodstream. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12159-12166. [PMID: 35998619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis counts for 90% of cancer fatalities, and its development process is still a mystery. The dynamic process of tumor metastatic transport in the blood vessel is not well understood, in which some biomechanical factors, such as shear stress and various flow patterns, may have significant impacts. Here, we report a microfluidic vessel-on-a-chip platform for recapitulating several key metastatic steps of tumor cells in blood vessels on the same chip, including intravasation, circulating tumor cell (CTC) vascular adhesion, and extravasation. Due to its excellent adaptability, our system can reproduce various microenvironments to investigate the specific interactions between CTCs and blood vessels. On the basis of this platform, effects of important biomechanical factors on CTC adhesion such as vascular surface properties and vessel geometry-dependent hemodynamics were specifically inspected. We demonstrated that CTC adhesion is more likely to occur under certain mechano-physiological situations, such as vessels with vascular glycocalyx (VGCX) shedding and hemodynamic disturbances. Finally, computational models of both the fluidic dynamics in vessels and CTC adhesion were established based on the confocal scanned 3D images. The modeling results are believed to provide insights into exploring tumor metastasis progression and inspire new ideas for anticancer therapy development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Khayrul Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Paul R, Chan A. Brain Global Structural and Network Topological Alterations in Long-term Nasopharyngeal Cancer Survivors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
Paul R, Juliano A, Faquin W, Chan A. An Artificial Intelligence Ultrasound Platform for Screening and Staging of Thyroid Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
29
|
Paul R, Shit SC, Singh A, Wong RJ, Dao DQ, Joseph B, Liu W, Bhattacharya S, Mondal J. Organogel-assisted porous organic polymer embedding Cu NPs for selectivity control in the semi hydrogenation of alkynes. Nanoscale 2022; 14:1505-1519. [PMID: 35029265 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom-rich porous-organic-polymers (POPs) comprising highly cross-linked robust skeletons with high physical and thermal stability, high surface area, and tunable pore size distribution have garnered significant research interest owing to their versatile functionalities in a wide range of applications. Here, we report a newly developed organogel-assisted porous-organic-polymer (POP) supported Cu catalyst (Cu@TpRb-POP). The organogel was synthesized via a temperature induced gelation strategy, employing Schiff-base coupling between 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol aldehyde (Tp) and pararosaniline base (Rb). The gel is subsequently transformed to hierarchical porous organic structures without the use of any additive, thereby offering advantageous features including extremely low density, high surface area, a highly cross-linked framework, and a heteroatom-enriched backbone of the polymer. During the semi-hydrogenation of terminal and internal alkynes, the Cu@TpRb-POP-B catalyst with Cu embedded in the TpRb-POP structure consistently demonstrated improved selectivity towards alkenes compared to Cu@TpRb-POP-A, which contains Cu NPs exposed at the exterior surfaces of the POP support. Additionally, Cu@TpRb-POP-B showed higher stability and reusability than Cu@TpRb-POP-A. The superior performance of the Cu@TpRb-POP-B catalyst is attributed to the steric hindrance effect, which controls the product selectivity, as well as the synergistic interaction between the heteroatom-rich POP framework and the embedded Cu NPs. Both the effects are corroborated by experimental characterization of the catalysts and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Shit
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Arunima Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India.
| | - Roong Jien Wong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Duy Quang Dao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Boby Joseph
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14, Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Saswata Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India.
| | - John Mondal
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mondal S, Powar NS, Paul R, Kwon H, Das N, Wong BM, In SI, Mondal J. Nanoarchitectonics of Metal-Free Porous Polyketone as Photocatalytic Assemblies for Artificial Photosynthesis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:771-783. [PMID: 34962379 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The main component of natural gas is methane, whose combustion contributes to global warming. As such, sustainable, energy-efficient, nonfossil-based methane production is needed to satisfy current energy demands and chemical feedstocks. In this article, we have constructed a metal-free porous polyketone (TPA-DPA PPK) with donor-acceptor (D-A) groups with an extensive π-conjugation by facile Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction between triphenylamine (TPA) and pyridine-2,6-dicarbonyl dichloride (DPA). TPA-DPA PPK is a metal-free catalyst for visible-light-driven CO2 photoreduction to CH4, which can be used as a solar fuel in the absence of any cocatalyst and sacrificial agent. CH4 production (152.65 ppm g-1) is ∼5 times greater than that of g-C3N4 under the same test conditions. Charge-density difference plots from excited-state time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations indicate a depletion and accumulation of charge density among the donor/acceptor functional groups upon photoexcitation. Most notably, binding energies from DFT demonstrate that H2O is more strongly bound with the pyridinic nitrogen group than CO2, which shed insight into mechanistic pathways for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Mondal
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Bhanumati Road, AA II, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
| | - Niket S Powar
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ratul Paul
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Hyuna Kwon
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, and Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Nitumani Das
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Bryan M Wong
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, and Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Su-Il In
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - John Mondal
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mondal J, Paul R, Sarkar C, Jain M, Xu S, Borah K, Dao DQ, Pao CW, Bhattacharya S. Ferrocene Derived Fe-Metalated Porous-Organic-Polymer for Core Planarity Triggered Detoxification of Chemical Warfare Agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7789-7792. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01785g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate successful construction of two Fe-Metalated Porous-Organic-Polymers having planar (Fe-Tt-POP) & non-planar (Fe-Rb-POP) geometry by ternary copolymerization stratergy for catalytic oxidative decontamination of different sulfur-based mustard gas simulants...
Collapse
|
32
|
Nikfar M, Razizadeh M, Paul R, Muzykantov V, Liu Y. A numerical study on drug delivery via multiscale synergy of cellular hitchhiking onto red blood cells. Nanoscale 2021; 13:17359-17372. [PMID: 34590654 PMCID: PMC10169096 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04057j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC)-hitchhiking, in which different nanocarriers (NCs) shuttle on the erythrocyte membrane and disassociate from RBCs to the first organ downstream of the intravenous injection spot, has recently been introduced as a solution to enhance target site uptake. Several experimental studies have already approved that cellular hitchhiking onto the RBC membrane can improve the delivery of a wide range of NCs in mice, pigs, and ex vivo human lungs. In these studies, the impact of NC size, NC surface chemistry, and shear rate on the delivery process and biodistribution has been widely explored. To shed light on the underlying physics in this type of drug delivery system, we present a computational platform in the context of the lattice Boltzmann method, spring connected network, and frictional immersed boundary method. The proposed algorithm simulates nanoparticle (NP) dislodgment from the RBC surface in shear flow and biomimetic microfluidic channels. The numerical simulations are performed for various NP sizes and RBC-NP adhesion strengths. In shear flow, NP detachment increases upon increasing the shear rate. RBC-RBC interaction can also significantly boost shear-induced particle detachment. Larger NPs have a higher propensity to be disconnected from the RBC surface. The results illustrate that changing the interaction between the NPs and RBCs can control the desorption process. All the findings agree with in vivo and in vitro experimental observations. We believe that the proposed setup can be exploited as a predictive tool to estimate optimum parameters in NP-bound RBCs for better targeting procedures in tissue microvasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nikfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
| | - Meghdad Razizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Miller TA, Wurdeman S, Paul R, Forthofer M. The Value of Health Economics and Outcomes Research in Prosthetics and Orthotics. Can Prosthet Orthot J 2021; 4:35959. [PMID: 37615002 PMCID: PMC10443510 DOI: 10.33137/cpoj.v4i2.35959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand has increased for evidence regarding the effectiveness and value of prosthetic and orthotic rehabilitation interventions. Clinicians and managers are under pressure to provide treatment recommendations and demonstrate effectiveness through outcomes. It is often assumed that rehabilitation interventions, including the provision of custom-made and custom-fit orthotic and prosthetic devices, are beneficial to patients. Assessing the value of orthotic and prosthetic services has become more critical to continue to ensure equitable access to needed services. Health economics and outcomes research methods serve as tools to gauge the value of prosthetic and orthotic rehabilitation interventions. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current need of health economics and outcomes research in orthotics and prosthetics, to introduce common economic methods that assist to generate real-world evidence, and to discusses the potential value of economic methods for clinicians and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- TA Miller
- Department of Clinical and Scientific Affairs, Hanger Clinic, Austin, Texas, USA
- College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - S Wurdeman
- Department of Clinical and Scientific Affairs, Hanger Clinic, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Biomechanics, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - R Paul
- Department of Clinical and Scientific Affairs, Hanger Clinic, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - M Forthofer
- Department of Clinical and Scientific Affairs, Hanger Clinic, Austin, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nikfar M, Razizadeh M, Paul R, Zhou Y, Liu Y. Numerical simulation of intracellular drug delivery via rapid squeezing. Biomicrofluidics 2021; 15:044102. [PMID: 34367404 PMCID: PMC8331209 DOI: 10.1063/5.0059165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular drug delivery by rapid squeezing is one of the most recent and simple cell membrane disruption-mediated drug encapsulation approaches. In this method, cell membranes are perforated in a microfluidic setup due to rapid cell deformation during squeezing through constricted channels. While squeezing-based drug loading has been successful in loading drug molecules into various cell types, such as immune cells, cancer cells, and other primary cells, there is so far no comprehensive understanding of the pore opening mechanism on the cell membrane and the systematic analysis on how different channel geometries and squeezing speed influence drug loading. This article aims to develop a three-dimensional computational model to study the intracellular delivery for compound cells squeezing through microfluidic channels. The Lattice Boltzmann method, as the flow solver, integrated with a spring-connected network via frictional coupling, is employed to capture compound capsule dynamics over fast squeezing. The pore size is proportional to the local areal strain of triangular patches on the compound cell through mathematical correlations derived from molecular dynamics and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. We quantify the drug concentration inside the cell cytoplasm by introducing a new mathematical model for passive diffusion after squeezing. Compared to the existing models, the proposed model does not have any empirical parameters that depend on operating conditions and device geometry. Since the compound cell model is new, it is validated by simulating a nucleated cell under a simple shear flow at different capillary numbers and comparing the results with other numerical models reported in literature. The cell deformation during squeezing is also compared with the pattern found from our compound cell squeezing experiment. Afterward, compound cell squeezing is modeled for different cell squeezing velocities, constriction lengths, and constriction widths. We reported the instantaneous cell center velocity, variations of axial and vertical cell dimensions, cell porosity, and normalized drug concentration to shed light on the underlying physics in fast squeezing-based drug delivery. Consistent with experimental findings in the literature, the numerical results confirm that constriction width reduction, constriction length enlargement, and average cell velocity promote intracellular drug delivery. The results show that the existence of the nucleus increases cell porosity and loaded drug concentration after squeezing. Given geometrical parameters and cell average velocity, the maximum porosity is achieved at three different locations: constriction entrance, constriction middle part, and outside the constriction. Our numerical results provide reasonable justifications for experimental findings on the influences of constriction geometry and cell velocity on the performance of cell-squeezing delivery. We expect this model can help design and optimize squeezing-based cargo delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nikfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Meghdad Razizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zeeshan Hameed B, Somani B, T P R, Raza S, Paul R, Naik N, Singh H, Shah M, Reddy S. Application of Artificial Intelligence-based classifiers to predict the outcome measures and stone-free status following percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn calculi: Cross-validation of data and estimation of accuracy. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
36
|
Chan P, Colby DJ, Kroon E, Sacdalan C, Pinyakorn S, Paul R, Robb M, Valcour V, Ananworanich J, Marra C, Spudich S. Clinical and laboratory impact of concomitant syphilis infection during acute HIV. HIV Med 2021; 22:502-511. [PMID: 33728759 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment has been reported in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) with prior syphilis, while PLWH who present with incident syphilis have reduced blood CD4 T-lymphocyte and elevated HIV-1 RNA levels. However, the clinical, virological and neurocognitive effects of syphilis during acute HIV-1 (AHI) remain unknown. METHODS Pre-antiretroviral therapy laboratory outcomes and neurocognitive performance in a four-test battery in the SEARCH10/RV254 AHI cohort were compared according to syphilis status, determined by serum Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA), Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and syphilis treatment history. Impaired cognitive performance was defined as having z-scores ≤ -1 in at least two tests or ≤ -2 in at least one test. RESULTS Out of 595 AHI participants (97% male, median age of 26 years and estimated duration of HIV-1 infection of 19 days), 119 (20%) had history of syphilis (TPHA-positive), of whom 51 (9%) had untreated syphilis (TPHA-positive/VDRL-positive/without prior treatment). Compared with those without syphilis (TPHA-negative), individuals with untreated syphilis had higher CD8 T-lymphocyte levels but not higher plasma HIV-1 RNA or lower CD4 T-lymphocyte levels. Taking into account estimated duration of HIV-1 infection (P < 0.001), and later Fiebig stages (III-V) (P < 0.001), those with untreated syphilis had higher CD8 T-lymphocyte levels (P = 0.049). Individuals with any syphilis (TPHA-positive), but not untreated syphilis, had higher odds of impaired cognitive performance than those without (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS During AHI, individuals with any history of syphilis (TPHA-positive) had poorer cognitive performance than those without syphilis. However, syphilis was not associated with worsened HIV disease measures as described in chronic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chan
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - D J Colby
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - E Kroon
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Sacdalan
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Pinyakorn
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - R Paul
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Robb
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - V Valcour
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Ananworanich
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Marra
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Spudich
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shit SC, Shown I, Paul R, Chen KH, Mondal J, Chen LC. Integrated nano-architectured photocatalysts for photochemical CO 2 reduction. Nanoscale 2020; 12:23301-23332. [PMID: 33107552 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05884j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology, especially the development of integrated nanostructured materials, have offered unprecedented opportunities for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Compared to bulk semiconductor photocatalysts, most of these nanostructured photocatalysts offer at least one advantage in areas such as photogenerated carrier kinetics, light absorption, and active surface area, supporting improved photochemical reaction efficiencies. In this review, we briefly cover the cutting-edge research activities in the area of integrated nanostructured catalysts for photochemical CO2 reduction, including aqueous and gas-phase reactions. Primarily explored are the basic principles of tailor-made nanostructured composite photocatalysts and how nanostructuring influences photochemical performance. Specifically, we summarize the recent developments related to integrated nanostructured materials for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, mainly in the following five categories: carbon-based nano-architectures, metal-organic frameworks, covalent-organic frameworks, conjugated porous polymers, and layered double hydroxide-based inorganic hybrids. Besides the technical aspects of nanostructure-enhanced catalytic performance in photochemical CO2 reduction, some future research trends and promising strategies are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chandra Shit
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Paul R, Shit SC, Fovanna T, Ferri D, Srinivasa Rao B, Gunasooriya GTKK, Dao DQ, Le QV, Shown I, Sherburne MP, Trinh QT, Mondal J. Realizing Catalytic Acetophenone Hydrodeoxygenation with Palladium-Equipped Porous Organic Polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:50550-50565. [PMID: 33111522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) constructed through covalent bonds have raised tremendous research interest because of their suitability to develop robust catalysts and their successful production with improved efficiency. In this work, we have designed and explored the properties and catalytic activity of a template-free-constructed, hydroxy (-OH) group-enriched porous organic polymer (Ph-POP) bearing functional Pd nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) by one-pot condensation of phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) and terephthalaldehyde followed by solid-phase reduction with H2. The encapsulated Pd-NPs rested within well-defined POP nanocages and remained undisturbed from aggregation and leaching. This polymer hybrid nanocage Pd@Ph-POP is found to enable efficient liquid-phase hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of acetophenone (AP) with high selectivity (99%) of ethylbenzene (EB) and better activity than its Pd@Al2O3 counterpart. Our investigation demonstrates a facile, scalable, catalyst-template-free methodology for developing novel porous organic polymer catalysts and next-generation efficient greener chemical processes from platform molecules to produce value-added chemicals. With the aid of comprehensive in situ ATR-IR spectroscopy experiments, it is suggested that EB can be more easily desorbed in a solution, reflecting from the much weaker but better-resolved signal at 1494 cm-1 in Pd@Ph-POP compared to that in Pd@Al2O3, which is the key determining factor in favoring an efficient catalytic mechanism. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to illustrate the detailed reaction network and explain the high catalytic activity observed for the fabricated Pd@Ph-POP catalyst in the HDO conversion of AP to EB. All of the hydrogenation routes, including direct hydrogenation by surface hydrogen, hydrogen transfer, and the keto-enol pathway, are evaluated, providing insights into the experimental observations. The presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the Ph-POP frame structure facilitates the hydrogen-shuttling mechanism for dehydration from the intermediate phenylethanol, which was identified as a crucial step for the formation of the final product ethylbenzene. Besides, weaker binding of the desired product ethylbenzene and lower coverage of surface hydrogen atoms on Pd@Ph-POP both contributed to inhibiting the overhydrogenation reaction and explained well the high yield of EB produced during the HDO conversion of AP on Pd@Ph-POP in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Shit
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Bolla Srinivasa Rao
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Duy Quang Dao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Indrajit Shown
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Matthew P Sherburne
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- A Singapore Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy, Berkeley Educational Alliance for Research in Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - Quang Thang Trinh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - John Mondal
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Paul R, Zhou Y, Nikfar M, Razizadeh M, Liu Y. Quantitative absorption imaging of red blood cells to determine physical and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38923-38936. [PMID: 33240491 PMCID: PMC7685304 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05421f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells or erythrocytes, constituting 40 to 45 percent of the total volume of human blood are vesicles filled with hemoglobin with a fluid-like lipid bilayer membrane connected to a 2D spectrin network. The shape, volume, hemoglobin mass, and membrane stiffness of RBCs are important characteristics that influence their ability to circulate through the body and transport oxygen to tissues. In this study, we show that a simple two-LED set up in conjunction with standard microscope imaging can accurately determine the physical and mechanical properties of single RBCs. The Beer–Lambert law and undulatory motion dynamics of the membrane have been used to measure the total volume, hemoglobin mass, membrane tension coefficient, and bending modulus of RBCs. We also show that this method is sensitive enough to distinguish between the mechanical properties of RBCs during morphological changes from a typical discocyte to echinocytes and spherocytes. Measured values of the tension coefficient and bending modulus are 1.27 × 10−6 J m−2 and 7.09 × 10−20 J for discocytes, 4.80 × 10−6 J m−2 and 7.70 × 10−20 J for echinocytes, and 9.85 × 10−6 J m−2 and 9.69 × 10−20 J for spherocytes, respectively. This quantitative light absorption imaging reduces the complexity related to the quantitative imaging of the biophysical and mechanical properties of a single RBC that may lead to enhanced yet simplified point of care devices for analyzing blood cells. The constant thickness in the microfluidic channel is used for controlled absorption of red and blue light to measure red blood cell hemoglobin and height mapping. High speed recording of the height mapping provides us the membrane fluctuation.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Meghdad Razizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kanguya T, Vinkoor M, Sharma A, van Wyk S, Paul R, Mayeya J, Murray LK, Sikazwe I, Kane JC. Mental Health Comorbidity In HIV-positive Zambian Adults Who Consume Alcohol. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Alcohol abuse is common in Zambia and a growing threat to achieving the 90 90 90 treatment target to ending the HIV epidemic. Brief counselling is offered but has limited effectiveness possibly because it does not address the mental health issues that underpin drinking behavior. We assessed the frequency and nature of comorbid mental health issues in HIV-positive drinkers in Zambia.
Methods
As part of an ongoing randomized control trial (NCT03966885), we recruited HIV positive adults on ART who reported at least 1 alcoholic drink in the previous 3 months from two clinics in Lusaka, Zambia. Using audio computer assisted self-interviewers, we captured demographic information and screened for unhealthy alcohol use (AUDIT), depression (CES-D), trauma (HTQ) and other substance abuse (ASSIST). These instruments have previously been validated in Zambia. Established cut-offs were used to define unhealthy alcohol use (AU), depression (DEP), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse (SU).
Results
Among 300 individuals reporting any alcohol use, 165 agreed to screening. 155 participants were recruited, including 93 men and 62 women. Nearly all screened 146 (94.2%) had unhealthy alcohol use and 9 (5.8%) had low to moderate alcohol scores. Comorbid mental health issues were present in 72 % of unhealthy drinkers, most commonly depression 46 (31.5 %) and trauma 35 (24 %). Non-alcohol substance use (7.6 %) comorbidities where less prevalent than mental health comorbidities among those with unhealthy alcohol use.
Conclusions
Among urban Zambian adults living with HIV who reported alcohol consumption at their ART clinic, unhealthy use was the norm; moderate alcohol use was rare. Comorbid mental health issues (particularly depression and trauma) are highly prevalent among unhealthy drinkers with HIV. These data suggest that all unhealthy drinkers should be screened for mental health issues.
Key messages
Alcohol Abuse In HIV Patients Is Common In Zambia. HIV Patients Abusing Alcohol Suffer From Depression and Trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kanguya
- Centre For Infectious Disease Research In Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - M Vinkoor
- Centre For Infectious Disease Research In Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- John Hopkins University, USA
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Centre For Infectious Disease Research In Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - R Paul
- University of Zambia, Zambia, Zambia
| | - J Mayeya
- Zambian Ministry of Health, Zambia, Zambia
| | | | - I Sikazwe
- Centre For Infectious Disease Research In Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Razizadeh M, Nikfar M, Paul R, Liu Y. Coarse-Grained Modeling of Pore Dynamics on the Red Blood Cell Membrane under Large Deformations. Biophys J 2020; 119:471-482. [PMID: 32645292 PMCID: PMC7399477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient pore formation on the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs) under high mechanical tensions is of great importance in many biomedical applications, such as RBC damage (hemolysis) and mechanoporation-based drug delivery. The dynamic process of pore formation, growth, and resealing is hard to visualize in experiments. We developed a mesoscale coarse-grained model to study the characteristics of transient pores on a patch of the lipid bilayer that is strengthened by an elastic meshwork representing the cytoskeleton. Unsteady molecular dynamics was used to study the pore formation and reseal at high strain rates close to the physiological ranges. The critical strain for pore formation, pore characteristics, and cytoskeleton effects were studied. Results show that the presence of the cytoskeleton increases the critical strain of pore formation and confines the pore growth. Moreover, the pore recovery process under negative strain rates (compression) is analyzed. Simulations show that pores can remain open for a long time during the high-speed tank-treading induced stretching and compression process that a patch of the RBC membrane usually experiences under high shear flow. Furthermore, complex loading conditions can affect the pore characteristics and result in denser pores. Finally, the effects of strain rate on pore formation are analyzed. Higher rate stretching of membrane patch can result in a significant increase in the critical areal strain and density of pores. Such a model reveals the dynamic molecular process of RBC damage in biomedical devices and mechanoporation that, to our knowledge, has not been reported before.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghdad Razizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Mehdi Nikfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Paul R, Sarkar C, Yan Y, Trinh QT, Rao BS, Pao C, Lee J, Liu W, Mondal J. Porous‐Organic‐Polymer‐Triggered Advancement of Sustainable Magnetic Efficient Catalyst for Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Yong Yan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) 1 Create Way 138602 Singapore Singapore
| | - Quang Thang Trinh
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) 1 Create Way 138602 Singapore Singapore
| | - Bolla Srinivasa Rao
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Chih‐Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center 101 Hsin-Ann Road Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan
| | - Jyh‐Fu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center 101 Hsin-Ann Road Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) 1 Create Way 138602 Singapore Singapore
| | - John Mondal
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road Hyderabad 500007 India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Larosa M, Morel N, Belhocine M, Ruffatti A, Silva NM, Paul R, Mouthon L, Dreyfus M, Piette JC, Souchaud-Debouverie O, Deneux-Tharaux C, Tsatsaris V, Pannier E, Guettrot Imbert G, Le Guern V, Doria A, Costedoat-Chalumeau N. THU0275 SEVERE PREECLAMPSIA RELATED TO ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME: AN EUROPEAN STUDY OF 40 WOMEN. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:One of the 3 features of obstetrical antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is severe preeclampsia (PE). Its time of occurrence, the associated risk of thromboses and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have not been reported yet.Objectives:We analyzed severe PE in a series of women with APS.Methods:We retrospectively collected data of female patients from 5 French internal medicine and 1 Italian rheumatology units. Inclusion criteria were: a severe PE/eclampsia(1), that occurred before 34 weeks of gestation (WG) in patients who met the APS classification criteria(2).Results:40 patients were enrolled (Table 1). Because of known APS/positive aPL/previous obstetrical complications, 23(57.5%) patients were treated during the index PE: 4 with low dose aspirin (LDA), 4 with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and 15 with a combination of both. 7 patients were also treated with hydroxychloroquine, 8 with corticosteroids and 3 with immunosuppressants. 17(42.5%) patients received no treatment. 24(60%) live births were observed. During a follow-up period of 3 years, 26(65%) patients had at least 1 new pregnancy, with a total of 38 pregnancies which resulted in 33(86.8%) live births. 57.5% pregnancies who resulted in live births occurred without any maternal or fetal complications. All 26 patients who had at least 1 pregnancy after index PE were treated with LDA; LMWH was given at prophylactic and therapeutic dosage in 13(50%) patients, respectively. No patient experienced 3 consecutive miscarriages.Table 1.40 APS patients with severe PEOverall features (n, %)Patients40 (100)Age at PE, (median, IQR)30.5 (27-33)PE term, WG (median, IQR)25.5 (23-29) Live births24 (60) Birth term, WG (median, IQR)25.5 (23.7-30.3) Associated SLE12 (30)Maternal complications (n, %)25 (62.5) HELLP18 (45) E6 (15) CAPS3 (7.5) Placental abruptions3 (7.5)Fetal complications (n, %)31 (77.5) IUGR18 (45) IUFD11 (2.5) Preterm delivery22 (55)Obstetrical history (n, %) Primiparous21 (52.5) Index PE before APS12 (30)Thrombosis (n, %) Thrombosis before PE index14 (35.0) Thrombosis after PE index2 (5.0)Abs at APS diagnosis (n, %) aPL triple positivity21 (52.5) IgG/IgM anti-cardiolipin34 (85.0) IgG/IgM anti-β2GPI25 (62.5) LAC33 (82.5)Legend to Table 1:PE: preeclampsia; APS: antiphospholipid syndrome; IQR: interquartile range; WG: weeks of gestation; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; HELLP: Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet; E: eclampsia; CAPS: catastrophic APS; IUGR: intrauterine growth restriction; IUFD: intrauterine fetal death; CHB: congenital atrioventricular block; aPL: antiphospholipid antibodies; LAC: lupus anticoagulant.Conclusion:Among the APS criteria, “3 consecutive miscarriages criterion” was not found. The majority of patients also experienced thrombosis and SLE before the index PE.References:[1]Diagnosis and Management of preeclampsia and eclampsia. International Journal of Gynecology &Obestetrics 2002;77:67-75.[2]Miyakis S, et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost 2006;4:295e 306.Disclosure of Interests:Maddalena Larosa: None declared, Nathalie Morel: None declared, Meriem BELHOCINE: None declared, Amelia Ruffatti: None declared, Nicolas Martin Silva: None declared, Romain Paul: None declared, Luc Mouthon: None declared, Michel DREYFUS: None declared, Jean-Charles PIETTE: None declared, Odile Souchaud-Debouverie: None declared, Catherine Deneux-Tharaux: None declared, Vassilis Tsatsaris: None declared, Emmanuelle Pannier: None declared, Gaêlle Guettrot Imbert: None declared, Véronique LE GUERN Grant/research support from: UCB for GR2 study (to our institution), Andrea Doria Consultant of: GSK, Pfizer, Abbvie, Novartis, Ely Lilly, Speakers bureau: UCB pharma, GSK, Pfizer, Janssen, Abbvie, Novartis, Ely Lilly, BMS, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau Grant/research support from: UCB to my institution
Collapse
|
44
|
Burnside M, Lewis D, Crocket H, Wilson R, Williman J, Jefferies C, Paul R, Wheeler BJ, de Bock M. CREATE (Community deRivEd AutomaTEd insulin delivery) trial. Randomised parallel arm open label clinical trial comparing automated insulin delivery using a mobile controller (AnyDANA-loop) with an open-source algorithm with sensor augmented pump therapy in type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1615-1629. [PMID: 32837953 PMCID: PMC7261211 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Commercialised automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have demonstrated improved outcomes in type 1 diabetes (T1D), however, they have limited capacity for algorithm individualisation, and can be prohibitively expensive if an individual is without access to health insurance or health funding subsidy. Freely available open-source algorithms, which have the ability to individualise algorithm parameters paired with commercial insulin pumps, and continuous glucose monitoring make up the so-called "do it yourself" (DIY) approach to AID. Limited data on the open-source approach have shown promising results, but data from a large randomised control trial are lacking. Methods The CREATE (Community deRivEd AutomaTEd insulin delivery) trial is an open-labelled, randomised, parallel 24-week, multi-site trial comparing sensor augmented pump therapy (SAPT) to our AnyDANA-loop. The three components of AnyDANA-loop are: 1) OpenAPS algorithm implemented in a smartphone (a version of AndroidAPS), 2) DANA-i™ insulin pump and, 3) Dexcom G6R continuous glucose monitor (CGM). The primary outcome measure is the percentage of time in target sensor glucose range (3.9 -10mmol/L). Secondary outcomes include psycho-social factors and platform performance. Analysis of online collective learning, characteristic of the open-source approach, is planned. 100 participants with T1D aged 7 - 70 years (age stratified into children/adolescents 7-15 years and adults 16-70 years), will be recruited from four sites in New Zealand. A 24-week continuation phase follows, to assess long-term safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Burnside
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011 New Zealand.,Paediatric Department, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Endocrinology Department, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - H Crocket
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, Sport & Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - R Wilson
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011 New Zealand
| | - J Williman
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - C Jefferies
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R Paul
- Waikato Regional Diabetes Service, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Waikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - B J Wheeler
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Paediatric Department, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Martin de Bock
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011 New Zealand.,Paediatric Department, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Endocrinology Department, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nikfar M, Razizadeh M, Paul R, Liu Y. Multiscale modeling of hemolysis during microfiltration. Microfluid Nanofluidics 2020; 24:33. [PMID: 33235552 PMCID: PMC7682248 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-020-02337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a multiscale numerical algorithm to simulate the hemolytic release of hemoglobin (Hb) from red blood cells (RBCs) flowing through sieves containing micropores with mean diameters smaller than RBCs. Analyzing the RBC damage in microfiltration is important in the sense that it can quantify the sensitivity of human erythrocytes to mechanical hemolysis while they undergo high shear rate and high deformation. Here, the numerical simulations are carried out via lattice Boltzmann method and spring connected network (SN) coupled by an immersed boundary method. To predict the RBC sublytic damage, a sub-cellular damage model derived from molecular dynamic simulations is incorporated in the cellular solver. In the proposed algorithm, the local RBC strain distribution calculated by the cellular solver is used to obtain the pore radius on the RBC membrane. Index of hemolysis (IH) is calculated by resorting to the resulting pore radius and solving a diffusion equation considering the effects of steric hinderance and increased hydrodynamic drag due to the size of the hemoglobin molecule. It should be mentioned that current computational hemolysis models usually utilize empirical fitting of the released free hemoglobin (Hb) in plasma from damaged RBCs. These empirical correlations contain ad hoc parameters that depend on specific device and operating conditions, thus cannot be used to predict hemolysis under different conditions. In contrast to the available hemolysis model, the proposed algorithm does not have any empirical parameters. Therefore, it can predict the IH in microfilter with different sieve pore sizes and filtration pressures. Also, in contrast to empirical correlations in which the Hb release is related to shear stress and exposure time without considering the physical processes, the proposed model links flow-induced deformation of the RBC membrane to membrane permeabilization and hemoglobin release. In this paper, the cellular solver is validated by simulating optical tweezers experiment, shear flow experiment as well as an experiment to measure RBC deformability in a very narrow microchannel. Moreover, the shape of a single RBC at the rupture moment is compared with corresponding experimental data. Finally, to validate the damage model, the results obtained from our parametric study on the role of filtration pressure and sieve pore size in Hb release are compared with experimental data. Numerical results are in good agreement with experimental data. Similar to the corresponding experiment, the numerical results confirm that hemolysis increases with increasing the filtration pressure and reduction in pore size on the sieve. While in experiment, the RBC pore size cannot be measured, the numerical results can quantify the RBC pore size. The numerical results show that at the sieve pore size of 2.2 μm above 25 cm Hg, RBC pore size is above 75 nm and RBCs experience rupture. More importantly, the results demonstrate that the proposed approach is independent from the operating conditions and it can estimate the hemolysis in a wide range of filtration pressure and sieve pore size with reasonable accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nikfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Meghdad Razizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nikfar M, Razizadeh M, Zhang J, Paul R, Wu ZJ, Liu Y. Prediction of mechanical hemolysis in medical devices via a Lagrangian strain-based multiscale model. Artif Organs 2020; 44:E348-E368. [PMID: 32017130 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This work introduces a new Lagrangian strain-based model to predict the shear-induced hemolysis in biomedical devices. Current computational models for device-induced hemolysis usually utilize empirical fitting of the released free hemoglobin (Hb) in plasma from damaged red blood cells (RBCs). These empirical correlations contain parameters that depend on specific device and operating conditions, thus cannot be used to predict hemolysis in a general device. The proposed algorithm does not have any empirical parameters, thus can presumably be used for hemolysis prediction in various blood-wetting medical devices. In contrast to empirical correlations in which the Hb release is related to the shear stress and exposure time without considering the physical processes, the proposed model links flow-induced deformation of the RBC membrane to membrane permeabilization and Hb release. In this approach, once the steady-state numerical solution of blood flow in the device is obtained under a prescribed operating condition, sample path lines are traced from the inlet of the device to the outlet to calculate the history of the shear stress tensor. In solving the fluid flow, it is assumed that RBCs do not have any influence on the flow pattern. Along each path line, shear stress tensor will be input into a coarse-grained (CG) RBC model to calculate the RBC deformation. Then the correlations obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are applied to relate the local areal RBC deformation to the perforated area on the RBC membrane. Finally, Hb released out of transient pores is calculated over each path line via a diffusion equation considering the effects of the steric hindrance and increased hydrodynamic drag due to the size of the Hb molecule. The total index of hemolysis (IH) is calculated by integration of released Hb over all the path lines in the computational domain. Hemolysis generated in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nozzle and two blood pumps, that is, a CentriMag blood pump (a centrifugal pump) and HeartMate II (an axial pump), for different flow regimes including the laminar and turbulent flows are calculated via the proposed algorithm. In all the simulations, the numerical predicted IH is close to the range of experimental data. The results promisingly indicate that this multiscale approach can be used as a tool for predicting hemolysis and optimizing the hematologic design of other types of blood-wetting devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nikfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Meghdad Razizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Jiafeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Zhongjun J Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Iyengar A, Paul R, Vasudevan A. SUN-084 Assessment of malnutrition and protein energy wasting (PEW) in Indian children with chronic kidney disease(CKD). Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
48
|
Harbtn DN, Amleh A, Bernes A, Bodzian F, Boyer K, Conaway J, Dias H, Dommarco R, Duverney-Pret P, Earnest S, Ely D, Fornarelli L, Förster R, Gentry G, Görlitz G, Gomez F, Guess P, Hähnchen K, Hamilton D, Halley M, Hathaway M, Hickes H, Isono K, Kulinna H, Lucas P, Manger P, Manso L, Moffett S, Müller T, Orii T, Paul R, Reubke K, Rivera L, Rubbiani M, Schetter J, Schulz D, Shaocong L, Smead F, Tam K, Tengler H, Torma L, del Valle M, Verweij A, Walls G, Weiping G. Quantitation of Tebuconazole in Liquid and Solid Formulations by Capillary GC: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/80.4.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A capillary gas chromatographic method has been developed for quantitation of tebuconazole (Folicur, Elite, Raxil, Lynx) in liquid and solid formulations. Tebuconazole is a broad-spectrum, systemic foliar fungicide used to control diseases of wheat, barley, peanut, and grasses grown for seed. Samples are dissolved in acetone and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) with dicyclohexyl phthalate as internal standard. Twenty-two laboratories from 11 countries participated in a collaborative study of the method. Each collaborator was provided reference standard, internal standard, and blind duplicate samples from 6 formulations: aqueous flowable (F), aqueous emulsifiable concentrate (EW), emulsifiable concentrate for seed treatment (ES), flowable for seed treatment (FS), wettable powder (WP), and dry flowable (DF). Collaborators were instructed to use peak area measurements for quantitation. The seed treatment flowable formulation required confirmation of accurate integration values by the collaborator. Relative standard deviation values for reproducibility (RSDR) for analysis of the formulations were as follows: 3.6 lb/gal F, 1.22; 250 g/L EW, 1.13; 15 g/L ES, 2.40; 25 g/L FS, 2.65; 25% WP, 0.96; 25% DF, 0.72; 45% DF, 0.72. The capillary GC method for quantitation of tebuconazole in fungicide formulations has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald N Harbtn
- Bayer Corporation, Agriculture Division, PO Box 4913, 8400 Hawthorne Rd, Kansas City, MO 64120-0013
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mitchell B, Laws E, Paul R, Vasan S, Kroon E, Valcour V, Spudich S, Shikuma C, Ananworanich J, Ndhlovu L. A modified TZM-bl assay (MoCo-TZA) documents replication-competent HIV in circulating monocytes despite 2 years of antiretroviral therapy initiated early during acute infection. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
50
|
Nongrum S, Singh VA, Paul R, Karnik S, Mehta S, Bera SS. A Study about Co-Infection of Fungal Pathogens in Active Tuberculosis Patients. Mymensingh Med J 2019; 28:920-924. [PMID: 31599261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of mycotic lung infection in pulmonary TB patients remains misdiagnosed because of its non-specific clinical manifestations which mimics the symptoms of TB. Physicians have to rely on the investigation but as radiology and pathology cannot probe the appropriate diagnosis, conventional microbiology or PCR testing continue as an essential mode for the diagnosis. In developing country like India PCR is not cost effective. Thus, Direct microscopy by KOH (10%), Gram's staining & Culture remains only option for identification. A three-year cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research, Mullana, India from August 2015 to August 2018. On 300 LED positive sputum samples collected from previously treated cases of pulmonary TB. Early morning sputum was collected and subjected to KOH 10%, Gram's staining afterwards cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and species identification was done by LPCB preparation. In 300 LED smear positive samples, the dominant pathogens were C. albicans (43.3%), followed by C. non-albicans (26.7%), A. fumigatus (21.7%) etc. ATT administration for 5-8 months' duration of illness showed highest fungal infection (45%) and maximum growth of fungus was seen in the Autumn season (45%). The co-occurrence of fungi with tubercle bacteria adds fatal consequences thus routine screening is recommended for proper diagnosis and early treatment of mycotic infection in the patients of Pulmonary TB on ATT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nongrum
- Sumi Nongrum, Tutor/ Demonstrator, Department of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research (MMIMSR), Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University (MMDU), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|