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Uhde AK, Ciurkiewicz M, Herder V, Khan MA, Hensel N, Claus P, Beckstette M, Teich R, Floess S, Baumgärtner W, Jung K, Huehn J, Beineke A. Intact interleukin-10 receptor signaling protects from hippocampal damage elicited by experimental neurotropic virus infection of SJL mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6106. [PMID: 29666403 PMCID: PMC5904160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection represents an experimental mouse model to study hippocampal damage induced by neurotropic viruses. IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine with profound anti-inflammatory properties, which critically controls immune homeostasis. In order to analyze IL-10R signaling following virus-induced polioencephalitis, SJL mice were intracerebrally infected with TMEV. RNA-based next generation sequencing revealed an up-regulation of Il10, Il10rα and further genes involved in IL-10 downstream signaling, including Jak1, Socs3 and Stat3 in the brain upon infection. Subsequent antibody-mediated blockade of IL-10R signaling led to enhanced hippocampal damage with neuronal loss and increased recruitment of CD3+ T cells, CD45R+ B cells and an up-regulation of Il1α mRNA. Increased expression of Tgfβ and Foxp3 as well as accumulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and arginase-1+ macrophages/microglia was detected in the hippocampus, representing a potential compensatory mechanism following disturbed IL-10R signaling. Additionally, an increased peripheral Chi3l3 expression was found in spleens of infected mice, which may embody reactive regulatory mechanisms for prevention of excessive immunopathology. The present study highlights the importance of IL-10R signaling for immune regulation and its neuroprotective properties in the context of an acute neurotropic virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Uhde
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Muhammad Akram Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Niko Hensel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Niedersachsen-Research Network on Neuroinfectiology (N-RENNT), Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Beckstette
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - René Teich
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.,Niedersachsen-Research Network on Neuroinfectiology (N-RENNT), Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany. .,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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van Ham M, Teich R, Philipsen L, Niemz J, Amsberg N, Wissing J, Nimtz M, Gröbe L, Kliche S, Thiel N, Klawonn F, Hubo M, Jonuleit H, Reichardt P, Müller AJ, Huehn J, Jänsch L. TCR signalling network organization at the immunological synapses of murine regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:2043-2058. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco van Ham
- Cellular Proteomics; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - René Teich
- Experimental Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Lars Philipsen
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology; Otto-von-Guericke University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Jana Niemz
- Experimental Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Nicole Amsberg
- Cellular Proteomics; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Josef Wissing
- Cellular Proteomics; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Cellular Proteomics; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Lothar Gröbe
- Experimental Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology; Otto-von-Guericke University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Nadine Thiel
- Experimental Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Cellular Proteomics; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
- Department of Computer Science; Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences; Wolfenbuettel Germany
| | - Mario Hubo
- Department of Dermatology; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Helmut Jonuleit
- Department of Dermatology; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Peter Reichardt
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology; Otto-von-Guericke University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Andreas J. Müller
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology; Otto-von-Guericke University; Magdeburg Germany
- Intravital Microscopy of Infection and Immunity; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Cellular Proteomics; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
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Ciurkiewicz M, Herder V, Khan MA, Uhde AK, Teich R, Floess S, Baumgärtner W, Huehn J, Beineke A. Cytotoxic CD8 + T cell ablation enhances the capacity of regulatory T cells to delay viral elimination in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis. Brain Pathol 2017; 28:349-368. [PMID: 28452087 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis (TME) of susceptible mouse strains is a commonly used infectious animal model for multiple sclerosis. The study aim was to test the hypothesis whether cytotoxic T cell responses account for the limited impact of regulatory T cells on antiviral immunity in TME virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) resistant C57BL/6 mice. TME virus-infected C57BL/6 mice were treated with (i) interleukin-2/-anti-interleukin-2-antibody-complexes to expand regulatory T cells ("Treg-expansion"), (ii) anti-CD8-antibodies to deplete cytotoxic T cells ("CD8-depletion") or (iii) with a combination of Treg-expansion and CD8-depletion ("combined treatment") prior to infection. Results showed that "combined treatment", but neither sole "Treg-expansion" nor "CD8-depletion," leads to sustained hippocampal infection and virus spread to the spinal cord in C57BL/6 mice. Prolonged infection reduces myelin basic protein expression in the spinal cord together with increased accumulation of β-amyloid precursor protein in axons, characteristic of myelin loss and axonal damage, respectively. Chronic spinal cord infection upon "combined treatment" was also associated with increased T and B cell recruitment, accumulation of CD107b+ microglia/macrophages and enhanced mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor α. In conclusion, data revealed that the suppressive capacity of Treg on viral elimination is efficiently boosted by CD8-depletion, which renders C57BL/6 mice susceptible to develop chronic neuroinfection and TMEV-IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Muhammad Akram Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ann-Kathrin Uhde
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - René Teich
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Floess
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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Pasztoi M, Bonifacius A, Pezoldt J, Kulkarni D, Niemz J, Yang J, Teich R, Hajek J, Pisano F, Rohde M, Dersch P, Huehn J. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis supports Th17 differentiation and limits de novo regulatory T cell induction by directly interfering with T cell receptor signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2839-2850. [PMID: 28378044 PMCID: PMC5491567 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity critically contributes to control acute infection with enteropathogenic Yersinia pseudotuberculosis; however, the role of CD4+ T cell subsets in establishing infection and allowing pathogen persistence remains elusive. Here, we assessed the modulatory capacity of Y. pseudotuberculosis on CD4+ T cell differentiation. Using in vivo assays, we report that infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis resulted in enhanced priming of IL-17-producing T cells (Th17 cells), whereas induction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) was severely disrupted in gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs), in line with altered frequencies of tolerogenic and proinflammatory dendritic cell (DC) subsets within mLNs. Additionally, by using a DC-free in vitro system, we could demonstrate that Y. pseudotuberculosis can directly modulate T cell receptor (TCR) downstream signaling within naïve CD4+ T cells and Tregs via injection of effector molecules through the type III secretion system, thereby affecting their functional properties. Importantly, modulation of naïve CD4+ T cells by Y. pseudotuberculosis resulted in an enhanced Th17 differentiation and decreased induction of Foxp3+ Tregs in vitro. These findings shed light to the adjustment of the Th17-Treg axis in response to acute Y. pseudotuberculosis infection and highlight the direct modulation of CD4+ T cell subsets by altering their TCR downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pasztoi
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Agnes Bonifacius
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Joern Pezoldt
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Devesha Kulkarni
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Jana Niemz
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Juhao Yang
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - René Teich
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Janina Hajek
- Department Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Fabio Pisano
- Department Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Petra Dersch
- Department Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany.
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Uhde AK, Herder V, Akram Khan M, Ciurkiewicz M, Schaudien D, Teich R, Floess S, Baumgärtner W, Huehn J, Beineke A. Viral Infection of the Central Nervous System Exacerbates Interleukin-10 Receptor Deficiency-Mediated Colitis in SJL Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161883. [PMID: 27611574 PMCID: PMC5017624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Theiler´s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-infection is a widely used animal model for studying demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The immunosuppressive cytokine Interleukin (IL)-10 counteracts hyperactive immune responses and critically controls immune homeostasis in infectious and autoimmune disorders. In order to investigate the effect of signaling via Interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) in infectious neurological diseases, TMEV-infected SJL mice were treated with IL-10R blocking antibody (Ab) in the acute and chronic phase of the disease. The findings demonstrate that (i) Ab-mediated IL-10 neutralization leads to progressive colitis with a reduction in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and increased numbers of CD8+CD44+ memory T cells as well as activated CD4+CD69+ and CD8+CD69+ T cells in uninfected mice. (ii) Concurrent acute TMEV-infection worsened enteric disease-mediated by IL-10R neutralization. Virus-triggered effects were associated with an enhanced activation of CD4+ T helper cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and augmented cytokine expression. By contrast, (iii) IL-10R neutralization during chronic TMEV-infection was not associated with enhanced peripheral immunopathology but an increased CD3+ T cell influx in the spinal cord. IL-10R neutralization causes a breakdown in peripheral immune tolerance in genetically predisposed mice, which leads to immune-mediated colitis, resembling inflammatory bowel disease. Hyperactive immune state following IL-10R blockade is enhanced by central nervous system-restricted viral infection in a disease phase-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Uhde
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Muhammad Akram Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, PMAS—Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer—Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - René Teich
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ciurkiewicz M, Khan M, Herder V, Uhde AK, Iskandar C, Teich R, Floess S, Baumgärtner W, Huehn J, Beineke A. Manipulation of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus-Induced Polioencephalitis. J Comp Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Uhde A, Herder V, Hühn J, Teich R, Baumgärtner W, Beineke A. Interleukin-10 receptor blockade in theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis. J Comp Pathol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Prajeeth CK, Beineke A, Iskandar CD, Gudi V, Herder V, Gerhauser I, Haist V, Teich R, Huehn J, Baumgärtner W, Stangel M. Limited role of regulatory T cells during acute Theiler virus-induced encephalitis in resistant C57BL/6 mice. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:180. [PMID: 25391297 PMCID: PMC4236492 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection represents a commonly used infectious animal model to study various aspects of the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). In susceptible SJL mice, dominant activity of Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the CNS partly contributes to viral persistence and progressive demyelination. On the other hand, resistant C57BL/6 mice rapidly clear the virus by mounting a strong antiviral immune response. However, very little is known about the role of Tregs in regulating antiviral responses during acute encephalitis in resistant mouse strains. Methods In this study, we used DEREG mice that express the diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor under control of the foxp3 locus to selectively deplete Foxp3+ Tregs by injection of DT prior to infection and studied the effect of Treg depletion on the course of acute Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis (TME). Results As expected, DEREG mice that are on a C57BL/6 background were resistant to TMEV infection and cleared the virus within days of infection, regardless of the presence or absence of Tregs. Nevertheless, in the absence of Tregs we observed priming of stronger effector T cell responses in the periphery, which subsequently resulted in a transient increase in the frequency of IFNγ-producing T cells in the brain at an early stage of infection. Histological and flow cytometric analysis revealed that this transiently increased frequency of brain-infiltrating IFNγ-producing T cells in Treg-depleted mice neither led to an augmented antiviral response nor enhanced inflammation-mediated tissue damage. Intriguingly, Treg depletion did not change the expression of IL-10 in the infected brain, which might play a role for dampening the inflammatory damage caused by the increased number of effector T cells. Conclusion We therefore propose that unlike susceptible mice strains, interfering with the Treg compartment of resistant mice only has negligible effects on virus-induced pathologies in the CNS. Furthermore, in the absence of Tregs, local anti-inflammatory mechanisms might limit the extent of damage caused by strong anti-viral response in the CNS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-014-0180-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittappen K Prajeeth
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, Hannover, D-30559, Germany. .,Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Cut Dahlia Iskandar
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, Hannover, D-30559, Germany. .,Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Viktoria Gudi
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, Hannover, D-30559, Germany.
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, Hannover, D-30559, Germany.
| | - Verena Haist
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, Hannover, D-30559, Germany.
| | - René Teich
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, Braunschweig, D-38124, Germany.
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, Braunschweig, D-38124, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, Hannover, D-30559, Germany. .,Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany. .,Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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Kesper D, Brand S, Teich R, Dicke T, Garn H, Pfefferle PI, Renz H. Prenatal Acintebacter lwoffii exposure leads to protection against experimentally induced asthma in mice by epigenetic mechanisms. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1315481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Brand S, Kesper DA, Teich R, Kilic-Niebergall E, Pinkenburg O, Bothur E, Lohoff M, Garn H, Pfefferle PI, Renz H. DNA methylation of TH1/TH2 cytokine genes affects sensitization and progress of experimental asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:1602-10.e6. [PMID: 22277202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic changes in DNA methylation have recently been demonstrated to be involved in effector T-cell polarization, resulting in differential secretion of T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines. However, the contribution to the development of a chronic inflammatory phenotype remains still unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate changes in DNA methylation in marker genes of T-cell subsets during allergen sensitization/challenge and their influence on the development of an allergic airway inflammatory response. METHODS The relationship between changes in DNA methylation and phenotype development were examined in a well-established model of experimental asthma. DNA methylation was investigated at genomic loci associated with T(H)1 (IFNG promoter) or T(H)2 (conserved noncoding sequence 1 [CNS1]) cytokine production by using bisulfite pyrosequencing. RESULTS Analysis of CD4(+) T cells revealed a significant increase in DNA methylation at the IFNG promoter after allergen sensitization/challenge, which correlated with decreased IFN-γ cytokine expression, whereas only minor changes were observed at the CNS1 locus. Furthermore, the increase in DNA methylation at the IFNG promoter could be reversed with a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor in vitro and in vivo with beneficial effects on sensitization status and allergic phenotype. The specific importance of the DNA methylation status in CD4(+) T cells could be confirmed by using adoptive transfer experiments. CONCLUSION We here report the novel finding that epigenetic regulation in T cells contributes to the development of experimental asthma and can be targeted pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Brand
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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11
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Abstract
Allergic asthma develops in part from dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune functions, particularly an imbalance in the Th2-driven adaptive immune response. This dysregulation is the result of complex interactions between genes and environment. These interactions occur both pre- and postnatally, providing opportunities for early interventions in immunological programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Germany.
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12
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Brand S, Teich R, Dicke T, Harb H, Yildirim AÖ, Tost J, Schneider-Stock R, Waterland RA, Bauer UM, von Mutius E, Garn H, Pfefferle PI, Renz H. Epigenetic regulation in murine offspring as a novel mechanism for transmaternal asthma protection induced by microbes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:618-25.e1-7. [PMID: 21680015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting from complex gene-environment interactions. Natural microbial exposure has been identified as an important environmental condition that provides asthma protection in a prenatal window of opportunity. Epigenetic regulation is an important mechanism by which environmental factors might interact with genes involved in allergy and asthma development. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to test whether epigenetic mechanisms might contribute to asthma protection conferred by early microbial exposure. METHODS Pregnant maternal mice were exposed to the farm-derived gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter lwoffii F78. Epigenetic modifications in the offspring were analyzed in T(H)1- and T(H)2-relevant genes of CD4(+) T cells. RESULTS Prenatal administration of A lwoffii F78 prevented the development of an asthmatic phenotype in the progeny, and this effect was IFN-γ dependent. Furthermore, the IFNG promoter of CD4(+) T cells in the offspring revealed a significant protection against loss of histone 4 (H4) acetylation, which was closely associated with IFN-γ expression. Pharmacologic inhibition of H4 acetylation in the offspring abolished the asthma-protective phenotype. Regarding T(H)2-relevant genes only at the IL4 promoter, a decrease could be detected for H4 acetylation but not at the IL5 promoter or the intergenic T(H)2 regulatory region conserved noncoding sequence 1 (CNS1). CONCLUSION These data support the hygiene concept and indicate that microbes operate by means of epigenetic mechanisms. This provides a new mechanism in the understanding of gene-environment interactions in the context of allergy protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Brand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Conrad ML, Ferstl R, Teich R, Brand S, Blümer N, Yildirim AO, Patrascan CC, Hanuszkiewicz A, Akira S, Wagner H, Holst O, von Mutius E, Pfefferle PI, Kirschning CJ, Garn H, Renz H. Maternal TLR signaling is required for prenatal asthma protection by the nonpathogenic microbe Acinetobacter lwoffii F78. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:2869-77. [PMID: 19995952 PMCID: PMC2806458 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20090845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pre- and postnatal environment may represent a window of opportunity for allergy and asthma prevention, and the hygiene hypothesis implies that microbial agents may play an important role in this regard. Using the cowshed-derived bacterium Acinetobacter lwoffii F78 together with a mouse model of experimental allergic airway inflammation, this study investigated the hygiene hypothesis, maternal (prenatal) microbial exposure, and the involvement of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in prenatal protection from asthma. Maternal intranasal exposure to A. lwoffii F78 protected against the development of experimental asthma in the progeny. Maternally, A. lwoffii F78 exposure resulted in a transient increase in lung and serum proinflammatory cytokine production and up-regulation of lung TLR messenger RNA. Conversely, suppression of TLRs was observed in placental tissue. To investigate further, the functional relevance of maternal TLR signaling was tested in TLR2/3/4/7/9−/− knockout mice. The asthma-preventive effect was completely abolished in heterozygous offspring from A. lwoffii F78–treated TLR2/3/4/7/9−/− homozygous mother mice. Furthermore, the mild local and systemic inflammatory response was also absent in these A. lwoffii F78–exposed mothers. These data establish a direct relationship between maternal bacterial exposures, functional maternal TLR signaling, and asthma protection in the progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Conrad
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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Conrad ML, Yildirim AO, Sonar SS, Kiliç A, Sudowe S, Lunow M, Teich R, Renz H, Garn H. Comparison of adjuvant and adjuvant-free murine experimental asthma models. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:1246-54. [PMID: 19438585 PMCID: PMC2728898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The most widely used protocol for the induction of experimental allergic airway inflammation in mice involves sensitization by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the antigen ovalbumin (OVA) used in conjunction with the adjuvant aluminium hydroxide (alum). Although adjuvants are frequently used, there are questions regarding the necessity of alum for murine asthma studies due to the non-physiological nature of this chemical. Objective The objective of this study was to compare experimental asthma phenotypes between adjuvant and adjuvant-free protocols of murine allergic airway inflammation in an attempt to develop a standardized alternative to adjuvant use. Method An adjuvant-free OVA model of experimental asthma was investigated in BALB/c mice using i.p. or subcutaneous (s.c.) sensitization routes. For the s.c. sensitization, β-galactosidase (β-gal) was also tested as an antigen. In addition, OVA adjuvant and adjuvant-free sensitization protocols were compared in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Open-field testing was performed to assess the effect of alum on mouse behaviour. Results Comparison of adjuvant vs. adjuvant-free and i.p. vs. s.c. protocols revealed that both adjuvant use and route of antigen application significantly influenced OVA-specific antibody production. Comparison of adjuvant and adjuvant-free protocols in this study clearly demonstrated the non-requirement of alum for the induction of acute allergic airway inflammation, as both protocols induce a similar disease phenotype. BALB/c mice were significantly more susceptible than C57BL/6 mice to sensitization. Using the improved s.c. adjuvant-free protocol, it was demonstrated that alternative antigens such as β-gal can also be utilized. Behavioural studies indicated severe distress in mice treated with alum. Conclusion The OVA s.c. adjuvant-free protocol used in this study generates a phenotype comparable to the benchmark adjuvant protocol widely used in the literature. The adjuvant-free alternative avoids the added complication of non-physiological adjuvants that may interfere with asthma treatment or prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Conrad
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Teich R, Brand S, Blümer N, Pfefferle P, Garn H, Renz H. Epigenetic Regulation of Asthma Preventive Effects Mediated by Stable-derived Bacteria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Renz H, Pfefferle PI, Teich R, Garn H. Development and Regulation of Immune Responses to Food Antigens in Pre- and Postnatal Life. Microbial Host-Interaction: Tolerance versus Allergy 2009; 64:139-51; discussion 151-5, 251-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000235788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Teich R, Zauner S, Baurain D, Brinkmann H, Petersen J. Origin and distribution of Calvin cycle fructose and sedoheptulose bisphosphatases in plantae and complex algae: a single secondary origin of complex red plastids and subsequent propagation via tertiary endosymbioses. Protist 2007; 158:263-76. [PMID: 17368985 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) are essential nuclear-encoded enzymes involved in land plant Calvin cycle and gluconeogenesis. In this study, we cloned seven SBP and seven FBP cDNAs/genes and established sequences from all lineages of photosynthetic eukaryotes, in order to investigate their origin and evolution. Our data are best explained by a single recruitment of plastid-targeted SBP in Plantae after primary endosymbiosis and a further distribution to algae with complex plastids. While SBP is universally found in photosynthetic lineages, its presence in apicomplexa, ciliates, trypanosomes, and ascomycetes is surprising given that no metabolic function beyond the one in the plastid Calvin cycle is described so far. Sequences of haptophytes, cryptophytes, diatoms, and peridinin-containing dinoflagellates (complex red lineage) strongly group together in the SBP tree and the same assemblage is recovered for plastid-targeted FBP sequences, although this is less supported. Both SBP and plastid-targeted FBP are most likely of red algal origin. Including phosphoribulokinase, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a total of five independent plastid-related nuclear-encoded markers support a common origin of all complex rhodoplasts via a single secondary endosymbiosis event. However, plastid phylogenies are incongruent with those of the host cell, as illustrated by the cytosolic FBP isoenzyme. These results are discussed in the context of Cavalier-Smith's far-reaching chromalveolate hypothesis. In our opinion, a more plausible evolutionary scenario would be the establishment of a unique secondary rhodoplast and its subsequent spread via tertiary endosymbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Teich
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Teich R, Grauvogel C, Petersen J. Intron distribution in Plantae: 500 million years of stasis during land plant evolution. Gene 2007; 394:96-104. [PMID: 17400407 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the evolution of the intron-exon organization in the more primitive groups of land plants, and the intron distribution among Plantae (glauco-, rhodo-, chloro- and streptophytes) has not been investigated so far. The present study is focused on some key species such as the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, representing the most ancient lineage of land plants, and the streptophycean green alga Mesostigma viride, branching prior to charophycean green algae and terrestrial plants. The intron distribution of six genes for sugar phosphate metabolism was analyzed including four different glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPDH), the sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBP) and the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI). We established 15 new sequences including three cDNA and twelve genomic clones with up to 24 introns per gene, which were identified in the GPI of Marchantia. The intron patterns of all six genes are completely conserved among seed plants, lycopods, mosses and even liverworts. This intron stasis without any gain of novel introns seem to last for nearly 500 million years and may be characteristic for land plants in general. Some unique intron positions in Mesostigma document that a uniform distribution is no common trait of all streptophytes, but it may correlate with the transition to terrestrial habitats. However, the respective genes of chlorophycean green algae display largely different patterns, thus indicating at least one phase of massive intron rearrangement in the green lineage. We moreover included rhodophyte and glaucophyte reference sequences in our analyses and, even if the well documented monophyly of Plantae is not reflected by a uniform intron distribution, at least one GPI intron is strictly conserved for 1.5 billion years.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Teich
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Teich R, Blümer N, Patrascan C, Heine H, Holst O, Garn H, Renz H, Debarry J, Hanuszkiewicz A, Stein K, Mages J, Lang R, Sabri A, Braren I, Mempel M, Bredehorst R, Ollert M, Spillner E, Rasche C, Wolfram C, Zuberbier T, Worm M, Röschmann K, Ulmer A, Petersen A, Goldmann T, Schramm G, Mohrs K, Wodrich M, Doenhoff M, Pearce E, Haas H, Mohrs M, Darcan Y, Meinicke H, Fels G, Hegend O, Henke W, Hamelmann E, Blume C, Förster S, Gilles S, Becker W, Ring J, Behrendt H, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Edele F, Molenaar R, Reinhold C, Gütle D, Dudda J, Homey B, Mebius R, Hornef M, Martin S, Albrecht M, Suezer Y, Staib C, Sutter G, Vieths S, Reese G, Sudowe S, Zindler E, Gehrke N, Reuter S, Neufurth M, Finotto S, Taube C, Reske-Kunz A, Meyer HA, Krokowski M, Heidt C. Experimentelle Allergologie/Immunologie. Allergo J 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03370607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Petersen J, Teich R, Becker B, Cerff R, Brinkmann H. The GapA/B Gene Duplication Marks the Origin of Streptophyta (Charophytes and Land Plants). Mol Biol Evol 2006; 23:1109-18. [PMID: 16527864 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msj123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Independent evidence from morphological, ultrastructural, biochemical, and molecular data have shown that land plants originated from charophycean green algae. However, the branching order within charophytes is still unresolved, and contradictory phylogenies about, for example,the position of the unicellular green alga Mesostigma viride are difficult to reconcile. A comparison of nuclear-encoded Calvin cycle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPDH) indicates that a crucial duplication of the GapA gene occurred early in land plant evolution. The duplicate called GapB acquired a characteristic carboxy-terminal extension (CTE) from the general regulator of the Calvin cycle CP12. This CTE is responsible for thioredoxin-dependent light/dark regulation. In this work, we established GapA, GapB, and CP12 sequences from bryophytes, all orders of charophyte as well as chlorophyte green algae, and the glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa. Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of all available plastid GAPDH sequences suggest that glaucophytes and green plants are sister lineages and support a positioning of Mesostigma basal to all charophycean algae. The exclusive presence of GapB in terrestrial plants, charophytes, and Mesostigma dates the GapA/B gene duplication to the common ancestor of Streptophyta. The conspicuously high degree of GapB sequence conservation suggests an important metabolic role of the newly gained regulatory function. Because the GapB-mediated protein aggregation most likely ensures the complete blockage of the Calvin cycle at night, we propose that this mechanism is also crucial for efficient starch mobilization. This innovation may be one prerequisite for the development of storage tissues in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Petersen
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Petersen J, Teich R, Brinkmann H, Cerff R. A “Green” Phosphoribulokinase in Complex Algae with Red Plastids: Evidence for a Single Secondary Endosymbiosis Leading to Haptophytes, Cryptophytes, Heterokonts, and Dinoflagellates. J Mol Evol 2006; 62:143-57. [PMID: 16474987 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-004-0305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoribulokinase (PRK) is an essential enzyme of photosynthetic eukaryotes which is active in the plastid-located Calvin cycle and regenerates the substrate for ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Rhodophytes and chlorophytes (red and green algae) recruited their nuclear-encoded PRK from the cyanobacterial ancestor of plastids. The plastids of these organisms can be traced back to a single primary endosymbiosis, whereas, for example, haptophytes, dinoflagellates, and euglenophytes obtained their "complex" plastids through secondary endosymbioses, comprising the engulfment of a unicellular red or green alga by a eukaryotic host cell. We have cloned eight new PRK sequences from complex algae as well as a rhodophyte in order to investigate their evolutionary origin. All available PRK sequences were used for phylogenetic analyses and the significance of alternative topologies was estimated by the approximately unbiased test. Our analyses led to several astonishing findings. First, the close relationship of PRK genes of haptophytes, heterokontophytes, cryptophytes, and dinophytes (complex red lineage) supports a monophyletic origin of their sequences and hence their plastids. Second, based on PRK genes the complex red lineage forms a highly supported assemblage together with chlorophytes and land plants, to the exclusion of the rhodophytes. This green affinity is in striking contrast to the expected red algal origin and our analyses suggest that the PRK gene was acquired once via lateral transfer from a green alga. Third, surprisingly the complex green lineages leading to Bigelowiella and Euglena probably also obtained their PRK genes via lateral gene transfers from a red alga and a complex alga with red plastids, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Petersen
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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