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Ahern V, Adeberg S, Fossati P, Garrett R, Hoppe B, Mahajan A, Orlandi E, Orecchia R, Prokopovich D, Seuntjens J, Thwaites D, Trifiletti D, Tsang R, Tsuji H. An international approach to estimating the indications and number of eligible patients for carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) in Australia. Radiother Oncol 2023; 187:109816. [PMID: 37480996 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To establish the treatment indications and potential patient numbers for carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) at the proposed national carbon ion (and proton) therapy facility in the Westmead precinct, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. METHODS An expert panel was convened, including representatives of four operational and two proposed international carbon ion facilities, as well as NSW-based CIRT stakeholders. They met virtually to consider CIRT available evidence and experience. Information regarding Japanese CIRT was provided pre- and post- the virtual meeting. Published information for South Korea was included in discussions. RESULTS There was jurisdictional variation in the tumours treated by CIRT due to differing incidences of some tumours, referral patterns, differences in decisions regarding which tumours to prioritise, CIRT resources available and funding arrangements. The greatest level of consensus was reached that CIRT in Australia can be justified currently for patients with adenoid cystic carcinomas and mucosal melanomas of the head and neck, hepatocellular cancer and liver metastases, base of skull meningiomas, chordomas and chondrosarcomas. Almost 1400 Australian patients annually meet the consensus-derived indications now. CONCLUSION A conservative estimate is that 1% of cancer patients in Australia (or 2% of patients recommended for radiation therapy) may preferentially benefit from CIRT for initial therapy of radiation resistant tumours, or to boost persistently active disease after other therapies, or for re-irradiation of recurrent disease. On this basis, one national carbon ion facility with up to four treatment rooms is justified for Australian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity Ahern
- Sydney West Radiation Oncology Network, Westmead, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Sebastian Adeberg
- Marburg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (MIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Marburg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Marburg University Hospital, Marburg, Germany
| | - Piero Fossati
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Austria
| | - Richard Garrett
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
| | | | | | - Ester Orlandi
- National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (Fondazione CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Orecchia
- Scientific Directorate, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Jan Seuntjens
- Department of Medical Physics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Thwaites
- Institute of Medical Physics, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Australia; Radiotherapy Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Richard Tsang
- Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Brand ALM, Lima FA, Tinoco NAB, Mota JC, Moreira IGS, Novaes FJM, Garrett R, Giorno TBS, Fernandes PD, Rezende CM. ΒN-Alkanoyl-5-Hydroxytryptamines (C n-5HTs) in Coffee: A Review. Food Reviews International 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2059807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. M. Brand
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F. A. Lima
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N. A. B. Tinoco
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J. C. Mota
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I. G. S. Moreira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F. J. M. Novaes
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R. Garrett
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T. B. S. Giorno
- Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P. D. Fernandes
- Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C. M. Rezende
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Forbus M, Matthews R, Mishra P, Facdol J, Bascho-George V, Coples S, Garrett R, Wang Z, Gabram-Mendola S. The Impact of a Registered Dietitian in an Urban Safety Net Oncology Clinic. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gardner T, Benzie M, Börner J, Dawkins E, Fick S, Garrett R, Godar J, Grimard A, Lake S, Larsen R, Mardas N, McDermott C, Meyfroidt P, Osbeck M, Persson M, Sembres T, Suavet C, Strassburg B, Trevisan A, West C, Wolvekamp P. Transparency and sustainability in global commodity supply chains. World Dev 2019; 121:163-177. [PMID: 31481824 PMCID: PMC6686968 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades rapid advances in processes to collect, monitor, disclose, and disseminate information have contributed towards the development of entirely new modes of sustainability governance for global commodity supply chains. However, there has been very little critical appraisal of the contribution made by different transparency initiatives to sustainability and the ways in which they can (and cannot) influence new governance arrangements. Here we seek to strengthen the theoretical underpinning of research and action on supply chain transparency by addressing four questions: (1) What is meant by supply chain transparency? (2) What is the relevance of supply chain transparency to supply chain sustainability governance? (3) What is the current status of supply chain transparency, and what are the strengths and weaknesses of existing initiatives? and (4) What propositions can be advanced for how transparency can have a positive transformative effect on the governance interventions that seek to strengthen sustainability outcomes? We use examples from agricultural supply chains and the zero-deforestation agenda as a focus of our analysis but draw insights that are relevant to the transparency and sustainability of supply chains in general. We propose a typology to distinguish among types of supply chain information that are needed to support improvements in sustainability governance, and illustrate a number of major shortfalls and systematic biases in existing information systems. We also propose a set of ten propositions that, taken together, serve to expose some of the potential pitfalls and undesirable outcomes that may result from (inevitably) limited or poorly designed transparency systems, whilst offering guidance on some of the ways in which greater transparency can make a more effective, lasting and positive contribution to sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.A. Gardner
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
- Corresponding author at: Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, Box 24218, Stockholm 104 51, Sweden.
| | - M. Benzie
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
| | - J. Börner
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - S. Fick
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
| | | | - J. Godar
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
| | | | - S. Lake
- Global Canopy, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - P. Meyfroidt
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
- F.R.S.–FNRS, Belgium
| | - M. Osbeck
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
| | | | | | - C. Suavet
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
| | | | | | - C. West
- University of York, United Kingdom
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5
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Pardini J, Garrett R, Allred R, Massingale S, Schatz P. A - 65The Influence of Gender on Neuropsychological Test Performance and Symptom Reporting in Individuals with Prolonged Concussion Symptoms. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy061.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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R Howell N, Lavers JL, Uematsu S, Paterson D, Howard DL, Spiers K, Jonge MDD, Hanley T, Garrett R, Banati RB. The Topobiology of Chemical Elements in Seabird Feathers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1998. [PMID: 28515469 PMCID: PMC5435718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly organized morphogenesis of bird feathers holds important phylo- and ontogenetic information on the evolution of birds, organogenesis, tissue regeneration, and the health status of individual animals. Altered topobiological patterns are regularly used as retrospective evidence for disturbed developmental trajectories due to the past exposure to environmental stressors. Using the most advanced high-resolution (5–70 µm) X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM), we describe in the feathers from three species of Procellariiformes hitherto unknown, depositions of elements (Zn, Ca, Br, Cu, Fe) that are independent of pigmentation or any underlying variation in density or polymer structure. In the case of Zn, the pattern across several species of Procellariiformes, but not other species, consisted of highly regular bands of Zn numbering 30–32, which may reflect the estimated number of days of active feather growth or the duration of the moult period. Thus, speculatively, the highly consistent Zn pattern might be the result of a so far unknown diurnal systemic regulation rather than local heterogeneity amongst the follicular stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Howell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Australia.
| | - Jennifer L Lavers
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Sayaka Uematsu
- James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.,NRDA Asia, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Tracey Hanley
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Richard Garrett
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Australia.,Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard B Banati
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Australia. .,National Imaging Facility at Brain and Mind Centre (BMC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Rose V, Freeland JW, Garrett R, Gentle I, Nugent K, Wilkins S. Nanoscale chemical imaging using synchrotron x-ray enhanced scanning tunneling microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3463236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Tanabe T, Chubar O, Harder DA, Lehecka M, Rank J, Rakowsky G, Spataro C, Garrett R, Gentle I, Nugent K, Wilkins S. Cryogenic Field Measurement of Pr[sub 2]Fe[sub 14]B Undulator and Performance Enhancement Options at the NSLS-II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3463195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Kirkl J, Garrett R, Dada S, Corvera C. Open surgical clipping of murine bile duct is more efficient than a laparoscopic approach. J Surg Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.11.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Garrett R. The response of voluntary sports clubs to Sport England’s Lottery funding: cases of compliance, change and resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/1360671042000182973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Guay D, Tourillon G, Gastonguay L, Dodelet JP, Nebesny KW, Armstrong NR, Garrett R. Highly photoactive chemically modified thin films of chloroaluminum (and bromoaluminum) phthalocyanines probed by NEXAFS and UPS: determination of the electronic structure and the molecular orientation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100154a049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Hitchcock AP, Tourillon G, Garrett R, Lazarz N. Carbon 1s excitation of azulene and polyazulene studied by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100359a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Hitchcock AP, Tourillon G, Garrett R, Williams GP, Mahatsekake C, Andrieu C. Inner-shell excitation of gas-phase and polymer thin-film 3-alkylthiophenes by electron energy loss and x-ray photoabsorption spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100369a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Stedman KM, She Q, Phan H, Holz I, Singh H, Prangishvili D, Garrett R, Zillig W. pING family of conjugative plasmids from the extremely thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus: insights into recombination and conjugation in Crenarchaeota. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:7014-20. [PMID: 11092863 PMCID: PMC94828 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.24.7014-7020.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel family of conjugative plasmids from Sulfolobus comprising the active variants pING1, -4, and -6 and the functionally defective variants pING2 and -3, which require the help of an active variant for spreading, has been extensively characterized both functionally and molecularly. In view of the sparse similarity between bacterial and archaeal conjugation and the lack of a practical genetic system for Sulfolobus, we compared the functions and sequences of these variants and the previously described archaeal conjugative plasmid pNOB8 in order to identify open reading frames (ORFs) and DNA sequences that are involved in conjugative transfer and maintenance of these plasmids in Sulfolobus. The variants pING4 and -6 are reproducibly derived from pING1 in vivo by successive transpositions of an element from the Sulfolobus genome. The small defective but mobile variants pING2 and -3, which both lack a cluster of highly conserved ORFs probably involved in plasmid transfer, were shown to be formed in vivo by recombinative deletion of the larger part of the genomes of pING4 and pING6, respectively. The efficient occurrence of these recombination processes is further evidence for the striking plasticity of the Sulfolobus genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Stedman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to discuss conceptual and policy developments for external quality assurance for nurse and midwifery education in England. The current framework was implemented in the academic year 1998/99, and is the subject of a three year evaluation commissioned by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery & Health Visiting (ENB). The methods which are being used to evaluate the quality assurance arrangements will be discussed within the context of nursing and midwifery education and practice. The ultimate aim of professionally accredited nursing and midwifery education is to ensure the development of practitioners who are fit for purpose, practice and award. It follows that the quality assurance processes should have the capacity to demonstrate the extent to which professional education meets this aim. This paper will discuss this issue, with particular emphasis on the collaborative review process which is being undertaken by the Quality Assurance Agency and the statutory body for nursing, midwifery and health visiting education. The paper concludes with a discussion of the changes proposed by the government for nursing and midwifery education, and considers the potential impact for quality assurance of health care education.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pope
- Centre for Research in Nursing and Midwifery Education, School of Educational Studies, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 5XH, UK.
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Abstract
Osteoporosis and other diseases of bone loss are a major public health problem. Here it is shown that the statins, drugs widely used for lowering serum cholesterol, also enhance new bone formation in vitro and in rodents. This effect was associated with increased expression of the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene in bone cells. Lovastatin and simvastatin increased bone formation when injected subcutaneously over the calvaria of mice and increased cancellous bone volume when orally administered to rats. Thus, in appropriate doses, statins may have therapeutic applications for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mundy
- OsteoScreen, 2040 Babcock Road, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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19
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Arnold HP, She Q, Phan H, Stedman K, Prangishvili D, Holz I, Kristjansson JK, Garrett R, Zillig W. The genetic element pSSVx of the extremely thermophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus is a hybrid between a plasmid and a virus. Mol Microbiol 1999; 34:217-26. [PMID: 10564466 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new Sulfolobus islandicus strain, REY15/4, harboured both a novel fusellovirus, SSV2, and a small plasmid, pSSVx. The plasmid spread in S. solfataricus P1 together with the virus after infection with either the supernatant of a culture of REY15/4 or purified virus. Spreading of the plasmid required co-transfection with either SSV2 or the related SSV1 as helpers. Virus purified from REY15/4 constituted a mixture of two sizes of particles, one with the dimensions of a normal fusellovirus and the other smaller. Cloned SSV2 produced only the larger particles and only SSV2 DNA, indicating that the smaller particles contained pSSVx packaged into capsids made up of SSV2 components. The 5.7 kb genome of pSSVx revealed regions of high sequence similarity to the cryptic Sulfolobales plasmids pRN1, pRN2 and pDL10. Thus, pSSVx belongs to the family of pRN plasmids that share a highly conserved region, which probably constitutes the minimal replicon. They also contain a variable region showing no sequence similarity. In pSSVx, this region contains three open reading frames (ORFs), two of which are juxtapositioned and show high sequence similarity to a tandem of ORFs in fusellovirus genomes. Neither pRN1 nor pRN2, which lack this tandem, spread in the presence of the fuselloviruses, which implies that the sequences of these ORFs enable pSSVx to use the packaging system of the viral helpers for spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Arnold
- Max Planck-Institut für Biochemie, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Abstract
Human performance generally varies in phase with the circadian curve in body temperature. This relationship between performance and core body temperature may be disrupted when exercise causes a pronounced rise in body temperature. In this study the authors compared responses to exercise in the morning and in the evening when pre-exercise body temperature differed significantly. Rectal temperature was measured pre-exercise and throughout a cycle ergometer test at 70% VO2 max in seven males (aged 19-24 years). The test was performed at 08:30 and 17:30 h, balanced for order with 3 days minimum between tests. Onset of sweating, weight loss and time to exhaustion were recorded. Metabolic measures (VO2, VE and RER) and heart rate were recorded pre-exercise and during exercise. Rectal temperature and skin temperature at three sites were also measured. Rectal temperature and heart rate were lower in the morning than in the evening by 0.6 degree C and 7 beats min-1 (p < 0.01), respectively. The lower body temperature in the morning persisted throughout exercise, the final rectal temperature being 38.6 (SD = 0.2) degrees C in the morning and 39.2 (SD = 0.5) degrees C in the evening. No effects of time of day were observed for VO2, VE, and RER but heart rate values during exercise were lower in the morning for 30 min (p < 0.05). Sweat onset occurred sooner at 08:30 h (7.57, SD = 0.90 min) compared to 17:30 h (8.71, SD = 2.20 min) (p < 0.05). Time to exhaustion ranged from 48 to 72 min, but did not vary with time of day (p > 0.05). It is concluded that continuous submaximal exercise is not necessarily disadvantaged by a morning timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Reilly
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
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22
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Zillig W, Arnold HP, Holz I, Prangishvili D, Schweier A, Stedman K, She Q, Phan H, Garrett R, Kristjansson JK. Genetic elements in the extremely thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus. Extremophiles 1998; 2:131-40. [PMID: 9783157 DOI: 10.1007/s007920050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This minireview summarizes what is known about genetic elements in the archaeal crenarchaeotal genus Sulfolobus, including recent work on viruses, cryptic plasmids, a novel type of virus satellite plasmids or satellite viruses, and conjugative plasmids (CPs), mostly from our laboratory. It does not discuss IS elements and transposons.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zillig
- Max Planck Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany.
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Mitra S, Wolff JE, Garrett R. Calibration of a prototype in vivo total body composition analyser using 14 MeV neutron activation and the associated particle technique. Appl Radiat Isot 1998; 49:537-9. [PMID: 9569537 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(97)00070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A prototype in vivo total body composition analyser has been constructed for determining the total body contents of nitrogen (TBN), carbon (TBC) and oxygen (TBO) in young experimental animals such as sheep or pigs by 14 MeV neutron activation using a commercially available associated particle sealed tube neutron generator (APSTNG). The instrument was calibrated by scanning phantoms of different sizes in the mass range 10-36 kg, filled with a mixture of elements as found in a normal human body. Good agreement was found between the measured and expected values of N, O and C when two phantoms of similar dimensions but of different composition were scanned. With four 15 cm x 15 cm cross section and 45 cm long NaI(T1) gamma detectors and a radiation dose of approximately 20 microSv due to neutrons, the expected precisions for a 28 kg animal, CV% (based on counting statistics) are N: 9.3, C: 2.3 and O: 1.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mitra
- Garrett Wolff Associates Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand
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24
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Garrett R. Journal serves as college resource. J Med Assoc Ga 1997; 86:169. [PMID: 9293165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Balaic DX, Nugent KA, Barnea Z, Garrett R, Wilkins SW. Focusing of X-rays by Total External Reflection from a Paraboloidally Tapered Glass Capillary. J Synchrotron Radiat 1995; 2:296-9. [PMID: 16714833 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049595010831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The first observation of a true geometrical focus of X-rays well beyond the exit of a paraboloidally tapered glass monocapillary is reported. An intensity gain of 250 +/- 20 into a 6 x 9 mum pinhole for 8 keV X-rays and transmission efficiencies of more than 90% below 20 keV were observed.
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Mitra S, Wolff JE, Garrett R, Peters CW. Application of the associated particle technique for the whole-body measurement of protein, fat and water by 14 MeV neutron activation analysis--a feasibility study. Phys Med Biol 1995; 40:1045-55. [PMID: 7659729 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/40/6/006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A small and compact sealed tube neutron generator with an integral alpha particle detector has been used for applying the associated particle technique for prompt-gamma 14 MeV neutron activation analysis of total body carbon (TBC), total body nitrogen (TBN) and total body oxygen (TBO). Ground sheep meat samples in the weight range 20-40 kg and of varying composition have been scanned using two 12.5 cm diameter x 10 cm Nal(Tl) crystals for gamma-ray detection. The content of protein, fat and water was calculated from their fractional content of C, N and O using a four-compartment model of body composition, which included minerals. The precision for measuring TBC, TBN and TBO has been obtained from the mean count rates of ten repeat irradiations of the same sample. The accuracy has been confirmed by comparison against chemical analysis. The reproducibilities for measuring TBN have been found to be comparable to those obtained when the same samples were analysed using prompt-gamma thermal-neutron activation analysis in an existing body composition facility. Based on the results obtained, we conclude that an instrument comprising the neutron generator and four 15 cm x 15 cm x 45 cm NaI(Tl) gamma ray detectors can be assembled to determine, in vivo, protein, fat and water in an approximately 41 kg sample with precisions of 4.4%, 5.0% and 2.1% (CV) respectively within a 15 min scan. The radiation dose equivalent delivered due to neutrons would be approximately 0.03 mSv.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mitra
- Growth Physiology Group, AgResearch, Ruakura, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Reilly T, Garrett R. Effects of time of day on self-paced performances of prolonged exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1995; 35:99-102. [PMID: 7500634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pre-exercise body temperature varies throughout the day due to its circadian rhythm. This study aimed to compared responses to sustained exercise in the morning and in evening. Rectal temperature was measured pre-exercise and throughout a 60 min test on a cycle ergometer against a fixed frictional resistance in seven males (aged 19-24 years). The subjects were instructed to work as hard as possible over the entire exercise period but could vary the pedal frequency at any time. Power output was calculated by computer, utilising an optical detection device to monitor flywheel revolutions. Tests were performed at 08:30 and 17:30 h, balanced for order with at least 72 hours between tests. Rectal temperature was lower pre-exercise in the morning (37.2 degrees C) than at evening (37.8 degrees C). This differences was reduced to 0.3 degrees C by the end of exercise. Mean power output was similar for the two times of day for the whole exercise period. A higher power output in the evening over the first half of the test was compensated for by a greater performance in the morning over the second 30 min (p < 0.05). It seems that the pacing of endurance performance is affected in the morning, but without any overall effect at least for the duration examined and at the ambient environmental temperature of 17-19 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Reilly
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, England
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Mitra S, Wolff JE, Garrett R, Peters CW. Whole body measurement of C, N and O using 14 MeV neutrons and the associated particle time-of-flight technique. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 1995; 4:187-189. [PMID: 24394280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Our aim has been to construct a portable prototype instrument for measuring the whole body composition in vivo of growing lambs in terms of fat. protein and water by determining the mass of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen present. A small and compact sealed tube neutron generator which has the capability of exploiting the associated particle time-of-flight technique has been used for prompt gamma 14 MeV neutron activation analysis of C, N and O. This technique allows only gamma rays generated by neutron reactions within a defined volume to be recorded and offers a superior signal-to-noise ratio over existing prompt gamma neutron activation techniques. Based on the results obtained from irradiating a 41.4 kg meat phantom, we anticipate that an instrument comprising the neutron generator and four 15 x 15 x 45 cm Nal(TI) gamma ray detectors can be assembled to determine in vivo, protein, fat and water with precisions of 4.1, 5.4 and 1.2% (CV), respectively, within a 15 min scan. The radiation dose delivered would be ~0.03 mSv.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mitra
- Growth Physiology Group, AgResearch, Ruakura, Hamilton, New Zealand
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29
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Garrett R, Salcido R. A rheumatologic perspective on rehabilitation of shoulder problems in the older individual. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 1994; 4:125-34. [PMID: 24572024 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-1994-4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Shoulder dysfunction is a common but complex clinical problem among the aged. The shoulder is a diarthrodial joint that is designed to complement the elbow and wrist in stabilizing the arm and the hand. This complex joint has the greatest range of motion (ROM) of any joint in the human body. Unfortunately, the aging process increases the shoulder's vulnerability to many pathological conditions that decrease its ROM and interfere with self-care tasks. While initial therapy is typically managed by the primary care physician, the complexity of this problem often requires consultation across disciplines to assure pertinent management. This article provides an overview of rheumatologic considerations specific to geriatric persons with shoulder dysfunction. The differential diagnosis and issues of treatment and rehabilitation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garrett
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
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- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
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Wilkins SW, Barnea Z, Creagh DC, Davis TJ, Garrett R, Janky S, Stevenson AW. A multi-purpose vacuum diffractometer for operation at the Photon Factory. Acta Crystallogr A 1993. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767378099286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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31
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Abstract
The feasibility of using the time correlated associated particle technique for in vivo 14-MeV neutron activation analysis has been investigated. Gamma rays following neutron inelastic scattering with nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen have been measured with a 12.5 x 10-cm NaI (T1) detector. The results have been scaled to a proposed facility comprising four such detectors past which the subject would be scanned. Based on counting statistics, the precision of estimation of these elements has been determined to be 2.1%, 1.0%, and 1.1%, respectively, for experimental measurements on a sample containing physiological concentrations of the major body elements. The average body dose level would be restricted to 0.3 mSv.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garrett
- Physics Department, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Tourillon G, Guay D, Fontaine A, Garrett R, Williams GP. Characterization of metal/organic molecule and metal/polymer interfaces by NEXAFS spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1039/dc9908900275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Computer games were modified to encourage respiratory effort by two groups of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. One group trained during the first six months of the study, the other during the second six months. Inspiratory effort was increased by their having to breathe through a mask to both start and continue the games. Pulmonary function tests were done at the beginning of the trial and six, 12 and 18 months later, when forced vital capacity, respiratory muscle endurance and strength were measured. Although there were some individual improvements, over-all the results were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Stern
- Regency Park Centre for Young Disabled, Kilkenny, South Australia
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Jensen E, Bartynski RA, Hulbert SL, Johnson ED, Garrett R. Line narrowing in photoemission by coincidence spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 1989; 62:71-73. [PMID: 10039551 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Tourillon G, Fontaine A, Garrett R, Sagurton M, Xu P, Williams GP. Near-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure observations of ordering and metalliclike behavior in organic conducting polymers grafted on a Pt surface. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 35:9863-9866. [PMID: 9941418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.9863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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41
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Subramanian TS, Romero JL, Brady FP, Fitzgerald DH, Garrett R, Needham GA, Ullmann JL, Watson JW, Zanelli CI, Brenner DJ, Prael RE. Double-differential inclusive hydrogen and helium spectra from neutron-induced reactions at 27.4, 39.7, and 60.7 MeV: Oxygen and nitrogen. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1986; 34:1580-1587. [PMID: 9953626 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.34.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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42
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Klages HO, Brady FP, Doll P, Garrett R, Hansmeyer J, Heeringa W, Hiebert JC, Hofmann K, Jany P, Krupp H, Maier C, Nitz W, Wilczynski J. Few nucleon experiments with fast polarized neutrons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1080/00337578608208378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Garrett R, Manthey B, Vernon-Roberts B, Brooks PM. The effect of isoxicam-aspirin combinations on the polyurethane sponge implantation model in the rat. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1986; 22 Suppl 2:125S-128S. [PMID: 3620271 PMCID: PMC1400970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1 Anti-inflammatory effects of isoxicam alone and in combination with aspirin were studied in rats using the polyurethane sponge implantation model of acute inflammation. 2 Dose-response studies were performed to delineate a suppressive (high) and non-suppressive (low) dose of isoxicam prior to studying these doses in combination with aspirin. 3 The results indicate that a combination of aspirin with isoxicam does not have an additive anti-inflammatory effect. 4 The interference demonstrated by aspirin with the anti-inflammatory effects of other NSAIDs such as indomethacin is also demonstrated with aspirin/isoxicam combinations.
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Eberhardt W, Wu SC, Garrett R, Sondericker D, Jona F. Core-level shifts and the electronic structure of Cu3Au. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1985; 31:8285-8287. [PMID: 9935790 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.31.8285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Garrett R, Manthey B, Vernon-Roberts B, Brooks PM. Assessment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug combinations by the polyurethane sponge implantation model in the rat. Ann Rheum Dis 1983; 42:439-42. [PMID: 6882040 PMCID: PMC1001259 DOI: 10.1136/ard.42.4.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effect of single doses and combinations of aspirin and commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was investigated by the polyurethane sponge implantation model of acute inflammation. Dose response curves were performed to delineate a suppressive (high) and nonsuppressive (low) dose of each drug prior to studying these doses in combination with aspirin. The results suggest that a combination of aspirin in either high or low dose does not increase the anti-inflammatory effect of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in this model of inflammation.
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Garrett R, Wilksch J, Vernon-Roberts B. Effects of cobalt-chrome alloy wear particles on the morphology, viability and phagocytic activity of murine macrophages in vitro. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 1983; 61 (Pt 3):355-69. [PMID: 6626054 DOI: 10.1038/icb.1983.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Metallic wear particles were prepared from orthopaedic cobalt-chrome alloy by milling in medium supplemented with 20% foetal calf serum to maintain particle dispersion. The size distribution of particles was determined by sedimentation and centrifugation and particle concentration was assessed using light extinction. Monolayers of mouse peritoneal macrophages were exposed to metal particles at different concentrations for varying periods. After 4 h of exposure to particle concentrations exceeding 30 micrograms/ml there was a progressive decline in cell viability, and light and electron microscopy showed that surviving cells had assumed remarkably smooth profiles and contained abundant endocytosed metal. Phagocytic uptake of polystyrene spherules was inhibited markedly by exposure to metal particles even at concentrations at which macrophages remained 100% viable, and preceded the reduction of viability at higher concentrations. The findings are consistent with a pathological role for the metallic wear particles observed frequently within macrophages in the synovial tissues around loose artificial joints in humans.
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Cowley MJ, Hastillo A, Vetrovec GW, Fisher LM, Garrett R, Hess ML. Fibrinolytic effects of intracoronary streptokinase administration in patients with acute myocardial infarction and coronary insufficiency. Circulation 1983; 67:1031-8. [PMID: 6831667 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.67.5.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Serial coagulation studies were obtained in 25 patients treated with intracoronary streptokinase infusion for myocardial infarction (23 patients) or coronary insufficiency (two patients) to determine the frequency of systemic fibrinolytic activity. Clotting studies were obtained before and after infusion and at 4-hour intervals until normalization. Intracoronary thrombolysis was successful in 20 of 23 patients (87%) with myocardial infarction. Streptokinase dosage in this study was 201,000 +/- 74,000 IU (+/- SD). Systemic fibrinolytic activity, defined as greater than 70% reduction of fibrinogen using a functional assay (Claus method), occurred in 22 of 25 patients (88%) and was present at a mean streptokinase dosage of 119,000 +/- 52,000 IU. Fibrinogen in the total population decreased from 342 +/- 80 to 87 +/- 94 mg% (p less than 0.0001). In patients with systemic effect, the mean fibrinogen level after infusion was 17% of baseline, increased to 43% at 24 hours, and returned to normal at 30 hours. Plasminogen decreased to 7% of baseline activity after infusion (p less than 0.0001), was 44% of baseline at 24 hours, and returned to normal at 48 hours. Intraprocedural sampling during infusion showed reduction of fibrinogen by 25% after 30,000 IU (p less than 0.0005) and by 71% at 120,000 IU (p less than 0.0001); plasminogen decreased by 50% after 30,000 IU (p less than 0.0001) and by 84% at 120,000 IU (p less than 0.0001). Prothrombin time increased from 11.5 +/- 0.8 seconds to 22.0 +/- 7.8 seconds after infusion (p less than 0.0001) and returned to normal at a mean of 18 +/- 11 hours after infusion. Partial thromboplastin time was markedly prolonged (greater than 100 seconds) after infusion, returned to less than or equal to 2 times control at 5 +/- 2 hours, and returned to normal at 9 +/- 4 hours after infusion. Fibrinogen degradation products were less than 10 micrograms/ml before infusion, increased to greater than 40 micrograms/ml after infusion, and remained greater than 40 micrograms/ml in 40% of patients at 24 hours after infusion. These data indicate that systemic fibrinolytic activity occurs in a high percentage of patients with "low-dose" intracoronary streptokinase infusion and that coagulation variables may be altered for 24-48 hours after infusion.
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Wilksch J, Vernon-Roberts B, Garrett R, Smith K. The role of catheter surface morphology and extractable cytotoxic material in tissue reactions to urethral catheters. Br J Urol 1983; 55:48-52. [PMID: 6824863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1983.tb07078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Batches of urethral catheters associated with stricture formation during clinical usage were found to be amongst those causing marked acute and chronic inflammation after subcutaneous implantation in rats. The degree of inflammation did not correlate with the surface roughness of catheters assessed by scanning electron microscopy, but showed an excellent correlation with the cytotoxic effects of soluble extracts from catheters on macrophage monolayers in tissue culture. The findings suggest that stricture formation may be chemically induced and may not relate to surface roughness of catheters.
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Cleland LG, Roberts BV, Garrett R, Allen TM. Cortisol palmitate liposomes: enhanced anti-inflammatory effect in rats compared with free cortisol. Agents Actions 1982; 12:348-52. [PMID: 6897150 DOI: 10.1007/bf01965402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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50
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Wicks M, Garrett R, Vernon-Roberts B, Fazzalari N. Absence of metabolic bone disease in the proximal femur in patients with fracture of the femoral neck. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1982; 64:319-22. [PMID: 7096397 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.64b3.7096397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A clinical, radiological and histopathological study of femoral heads from 125 patients with fracture of the neck of the femur and from 30 cadavers was carried out to identify various risk factors. The findings showed that the Singh index was unreliable as a radiological indicator of the bone content of the femoral heads; that the bone content of the femoral head in patients sustaining a fracture of the femoral neck did not differ from that of the controls; that osteomalacia was not found in any of the heads examined; and that the distribution of trabecular microfractures did not support the hypothesis that fracture of the neck was the result of progressive fatigue. It was concluded that the single most important factor leading to fracture in this Australian population was injury caused by falls and that such injury was frequently associated with other disease processes.
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