1
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Hill SK, England RM, Perrier S. Modular design of cyclic peptide - polymer conjugate nanotubes for delivery and tunable release of anti-cancer drug compounds. J Control Release 2024; 367:687-696. [PMID: 38262487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
High aspect-ratio nanomaterials have recently emerged as promising drug delivery vehicles due to evidence of strong cellular association and prolonged in vivo circulation times. Cyclic peptide - polymer conjugate nanotubes are excellent candidates due to their elongated morphology, their supramolecular composition and high degree of pliability due to the versatility in manipulating amino acid sequence and polymer type. In this work, we explore the use of a nanotube structure on which a potent anti-cancer drug, camptothecin, is attached alongside hydrophilic or amphiphilic RAFT polymers, which shield the cargo. We show that subtle modifications to the cleavable linker type and polymer architecture have a dramatic influence over the rate of drug release in biological conditions. In vitro studies revealed that multiple cancer cell lines in 2D and 3D models responded effectively to the nanotube treatment, and analogous fluorescently labelled materials revealed key mechanistic information regarding the degree of cellular uptake and intracellular fate. Importantly, the ability to instruct specific drug release profiles indicates a potential for these nanomaterials as vectors which can provide sustained drug concentrations for a maximal therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie K Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Richard M England
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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2
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Puri S, Mazza M, Roy G, England RM, Zhou L, Nourian S, Anand Subramony J. Evolution of nanomedicine formulations for targeted delivery and controlled release. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:114962. [PMID: 37321376 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology research over the past several decades has been aimed primarily at improving the physicochemical properties of small molecules to produce druggable candidates as well as for tumor targeting of cytotoxic molecules. The recent focus on genomic medicine and the success of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA vaccines have provided additional impetus for the development of nanoparticle drug carriers for nucleic acid delivery, including siRNA, mRNA, DNA, and oligonucleotides, to create therapeutics that can modulate protein deregulation. Bioassays and characterizations, including trafficking assays, stability, and endosomal escape, are key to understanding the properties of these novel nanomedicine formats. We review historical nanomedicine platforms, characterization methodologies, challenges to their clinical translation, and key quality attributes for commercial translation with a view to their developability into a genomic medicine. New nanoparticle systems for immune targeting, as well as in vivo gene editing and in situ CAR therapy, are also highlighted as emerging areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyogitta Puri
- Advanced Drug Delivery, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mariarosa Mazza
- Advanced Drug Delivery, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Gourgopal Roy
- Advanced Drug Delivery, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, United States
| | - Richard M England
- Advanced Drug Delivery, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Liping Zhou
- Advanced Drug Delivery, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saghar Nourian
- Emerging Innovations Unit, Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceutical R&D , AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - J Anand Subramony
- Advanced Drug Delivery, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, United States.
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3
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Joubert F, Munson MJ, Sabirsh A, England RM, Hemmerling M, Alexander C, Ashford MB. Precise and systematic end group chemistry modifications on PAMAM and poly(l-lysine) dendrimers to improve cytosolic delivery of mRNA. J Control Release 2023; 356:580-594. [PMID: 36918085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Here, we aimed to chemically modify PAMAM dendrimers using lysine as a site-selective anchor for successfully delivering mRNA while maintaining a low toxicity profile. PAMAM dendrimers were multi-functionalised by amidation reactions in a regioselective, quantitative and stepwise manner with carefully selected property-modifying surface groups. Alternatively, novel lysine-based dendrimers were prepared in the same manner with the aim to unlock their potential in gene delivery. The modified dendrimers were then formulated with Cy5-EGFP mRNA by bulk mixing via liquid handling robotics across different nitrogen to phosphate ratios. The resulting dendriplexes were characterised by size, charge, mRNA encapsulation, and mRNA binding affinity. Finally, their in-vitro delivery activity was systematically investigated across key cellular trafficking stages to relate chemical design to cellular effect. We demonstrate our findings in different cell lines and benchmarked relative to a commercially available transfection agent, jetPEI®. We demonstrate that specific surface modifications are required to generate small, reliable and well-encapsulated positively charged dendriplex complexes. Furthermore, we show that introduction of fusogenic groups is essential for driving endosomal escape and achieving cellular delivery and translation of mRNA in these cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Joubert
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Michael J Munson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alan Sabirsh
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Richard M England
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK.
| | - Martin Hemmerling
- Medicinal Chemistry, Early Respiratory & Immunology, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Marianne B Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
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4
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Yu Q, England RM, Gunnarsson A, Luxenhofer R, Treacher K, Ashford MB. Designing Highly Stable Poly(sarcosine)-Based Telodendrimer Micelles with High Drug Content Exemplified with Fulvestrant. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Richard M. England
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | | | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Würzburg University, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
- Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kevin Treacher
- New Modalities and Parenterals Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Marianne B. Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne B. Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - Richard M. England
- Advanced Drug Delivery Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - Nadim Akhtar
- New Modalities & Parenteral Development Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
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Strittmatter N, England RM, Race AM, Sutton D, Moss JI, Maglennon G, Ling S, Wong E, Rose J, Purvis I, Macdonald R, Barry ST, Ashford MB, Goodwin RJA. Method to Investigate the Distribution of Water-Soluble Drug-Delivery Systems in Fresh Frozen Tissues Using Imaging Mass Cytometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3742-3749. [PMID: 33606520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) offers the opportunity to image metal- and heavy halogen-containing xenobiotics in a highly multiplexed experiment with other immunochemistry-based reagents to distinguish uptake into different tissue structures or cell types. However, in practice, many xenobiotics are not amenable to this analysis, as any compound which is not bound to the tissue matrix will delocalize during aqueous sample-processing steps required for IMC analysis. Here, we present a strategy to perform IMC experiments on a water-soluble polysarcosine-modified dendrimer drug-delivery system (S-Dends). This strategy involves two consecutive imaging acquisitions on the same tissue section using the same instrumental platform, an initial laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MSI) experiment followed by tissue staining and a standard IMC experiment. We demonstrated that settings can be found for the initial ablation step that leave sufficient residual tissue for subsequent antibody staining and visualization. This workflow results in lateral resolution for the S-Dends of 2 μm followed by imaging of metal-tagged antibodies at 1 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Strittmatter
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Richard M England
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Alan M Race
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Daniel Sutton
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Jennifer I Moss
- Bioscience, Discovery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Gareth Maglennon
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Stephanie Ling
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Edmond Wong
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Jonathan Rose
- Animal Sciences and Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Ian Purvis
- Animal Sciences and Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Ruth Macdonald
- Animal Sciences and Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Discovery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Marianne B Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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7
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England RM, Moss JI, Gunnarsson A, Parker JS, Ashford MB. Synthesis and Characterization of Dendrimer-Based Polysarcosine Star Polymers: Well-Defined, Versatile Platforms Designed for Drug-Delivery Applications. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3332-3341. [PMID: 32672451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of star polymers designed for future drug-delivery applications. A generation-5 lysine dendrimer was used as a macroinitiator for the ring-opening polymerization of the sarcosine N-carboxyanhydride monomer to produce 32-arm star polymers with narrow molar mass distributions and desirable hydrodynamic size control. Fluorescent dye-labeled polymers were dosed in mice to measure plasma pharmacokinetics. Long circulation times were observed, representing ideal properties for biophysical targeting of tumors. In vivo efficacy of one of these star polymers conjugated to the therapeutic molecule SN-38 was evaluated in mice bearing SW620 xenografted tumors to demonstrate high antitumor activity and low body weight loss compared to the SN-38 prodrug irinotecan and this shows the potential of these delivery systems. As a further build, we demonstrated that these star polymers can be easily chain-end-functionalized with useful chemical moieties, giving opportunities for future receptor-targeting strategies. Finally, we describe the synthetic advantages of these star polymers that make them attractive from a pharmaceutical manufacturing perspective and report characterization of the polymers with a variety of techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M England
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K.,Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 4TF, U.K
| | - Jennifer I Moss
- Early TDE, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Discovery Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Jeremy S Parker
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 4TF, U.K
| | - Marianne B Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
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8
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Sayers EJ, Peel SE, Schantz A, England RM, Beano M, Bates SM, Desai AS, Puri S, Ashford MB, Jones AT. Endocytic Profiling of Cancer Cell Models Reveals Critical Factors Influencing LNP-Mediated mRNA Delivery and Protein Expression. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1950-1962. [PMID: 31427168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles have great potential for delivering nucleic-acid-based therapeutics, but low efficiency limits their broad clinical translation. Differences in transfection capacity between in vitro models used for nanoparticle pre-clinical testing are poorly understood. To address this, using a clinically relevant lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivering mRNA, we highlight specific endosomal characteristics in in vitro tumor models that impact protein expression. A 30-cell line LNP-mRNA transfection screen identified three cell lines having low, medium, and high transfection that correlated with protein expression when they were analyzed in tumor models. Endocytic profiling of these cell lines identified major differences in endolysosomal morphology, localization, endocytic uptake, trafficking, recycling, and endolysosomal pH, identified using a novel pH probe. High-transfecting cells showed rapid LNP uptake and trafficking through an organized endocytic pathway to lysosomes or rapid exocytosis. Low-transfecting cells demonstrated slower endosomal LNP trafficking to lysosomes and defective endocytic organization and acidification. Our data establish that efficient LNP-mRNA transfection relies on an early and narrow endosomal escape window prior to lysosomal sequestration and/or exocytosis. Endocytic profiling should form an important pre-clinical evaluation step for nucleic acid delivery systems to inform model selection and guide delivery-system design for improved clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Sayers
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, Wales
| | - Samantha E Peel
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Schantz
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Richard M England
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Maya Beano
- Pathology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephanie M Bates
- Pathology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arpan S Desai
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sanyogitta Puri
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marianne B Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, Wales.
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England RM, Moss JI, Hill KJ, Elvevold K, Smedsrød B, Ashford MB. Evaluating liver uptake and distribution of different poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) modified lysine dendrimers following intravenous administration. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3418-3424. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Residual charge and drug modification determine the cellular distribution in the liver for poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) modified lysine dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. England
- Early Chemical Development
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D
- AstraZeneca
- Macclesfield
- UK
| | | | - Kathryn J. Hill
- Global Pharmaceutical Development
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development
- Operations
- AstraZeneca
- Macclesfield
| | | | - Bård Smedsrød
- D'Liver AS
- NO-9294 Tromsø
- Norway
- Vascular Biology Research Group
- Department of Medical Biology
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Plyduang T, Armiñán A, Movellan J, England RM, Wiwattanapatapee R, Vicent MJ. Polyacetal-Based Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800265. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thipapun Plyduang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkla 90112 Thailand
- School of Pharmacy; Walailak University; Thasala Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161 Thailand
| | - Ana Armiñán
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Av Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 46012 Valencia Spain
| | - Julie Movellan
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Av Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 46012 Valencia Spain
| | - Richard M. England
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Av Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 46012 Valencia Spain
| | - Ruedeekorn Wiwattanapatapee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkla 90112 Thailand
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Av Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 46012 Valencia Spain
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England RM, Hare JI, Barnes J, Wilson J, Smith A, Strittmatter N, Kemmitt PD, Waring MJ, Barry ST, Alexander C, Ashford MB. Tumour regression and improved gastrointestinal tolerability from controlled release of SN-38 from novel polyoxazoline-modified dendrimers. J Control Release 2017; 247:73-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Duro-Castano A, England RM, Razola D, Romero E, Oteo-Vives M, Morcillo MA, Vicent MJ. Well-Defined Star-Shaped Polyglutamates with Improved Pharmacokinetic Profiles As Excellent Candidates for Biomedical Applications. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3639-49. [PMID: 26355563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to develop new and innovative polymer carriers to be used as drug delivery systems and/or imaging agents owing to the fact that there is no universal polymeric system that can be used in the treatment of all diseases. Additionally, limitations with existing systems, such as a lack of biodegradability and biocompatibility, inevitably lead to side effects and poor patient compliance. New polymer therapeutics based on amino acids are excellent candidates for drug delivery, as they do not suffer from these limitations. This article reports on a simple yet powerful methodology for the synthesis of 3-arm star-shaped polyglutamic acid with well-defined structures, precise molecular weights (MW), and low polydispersity (Đ = <1.3). These were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) in a divergent method from novel multifunctional initiators. Herein, their exhaustive physicochemical characterization is presented. Furthermore, preliminary in vitro evaluation in selected cell models, and exhaustive in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, highlighted the advantages of these branched systems when compared with their linear counterparts in terms of cell uptake enhancement and prolonged plasma half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Duro-Castano
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF) , Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Richard M England
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF) , Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - David Razola
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, CIEMAT , Av. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romero
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, CIEMAT , Av. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marta Oteo-Vives
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, CIEMAT , Av. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Morcillo
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, CIEMAT , Av. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF) , Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
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England RM, Masiá E, Giménez V, Lucas R, Vicent MJ. Polyacetal-stilbene conjugates — The first examples of polymer therapeutics for the inhibition of HIF-1 in the treatment of solid tumours. J Control Release 2012; 164:314-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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England RM, Rimmer S. Synthesis of chain end functionalized linear and branched polymers by radical polymerisation in the presence of a silyl enol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:5767-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Carter SR, England RM, Hunt BJ, Rimmer S. Functional graft poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)s using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation. Macromol Biosci 2007; 7:975-86. [PMID: 17676715 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200700108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A series of NIPAM/4-vinyl benzyl chloride copolymers were substituted with 4(5)-imidazole dithioic acid or N-pyrrole dithioic acid to form multi-functional linear dithioate-functional polymers, which can be used as macromolecular transfer agents in a controlled radical polymerisation (RAFT) process. The presence of imidazole dithioate or N-pyrrole dithioate units along the NIPAM copolymer was determined by (1)H NMR, which showed broad CH-imidazole or CH-N-pyrrole resonances. Subsequent reaction of these multi-branch point polymers to produce graft polymers was achieved by reaction with NIPAM in the presence of AIBN. The graft polymers are produced as mixtures containing the desired product and linear polymer. The linear polymer is produced following transfer to the pendant dithioate group. Some of the branched polymers formed from the imidazole dithioate polymers were insoluble in water whilst others were found to be water soluble only in the presence of copper(II) ions. The use of N-pyrrole dithioate groups was found to substantially increase the solubility of the branched polymers in conventional solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Carter
- The Polymer and Biomaterials Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry (Polymer Centre), Brook Hill, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
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Abstract
Two young children inhaled sweets which dissolved in the tracheobronchial secretions and caused severe respiratory obstruction. The viscid fluid produced as the sweet dissolved was not expectorated and bronchoscopy was necessary. The oedema of the mucosa caused by the presence of a hyperosmolar sugar solution took up to 48 hours to resolve; antibiotics and steroid cover were considered necessary. The similarity of presentation with acute tracheobronchitis and the lack of reports in the literature suggest that such cases may be misdiagnosed.
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Smyth GD, England RM, Gibson R, Kerr AG. Posterior tympanotomy. Its importance in combined approach tympanoplasty. J Laryngol Otol 1967; 81:69-74. [PMID: 6017317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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