1
|
Fathy NSK, Vatsyayan R, Bourhis AM, Dayeh SA, Mercier PP. A 0.00179 mm 2/Ch Chopper-Stabilized TDMA Neural Recording System with Dynamic EOV Cancellation and Predictive Mixed-Signal Impedance Boosting. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2024; PP:1-15. [PMID: 38393849 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2024.3366649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This article presents a digitally-assisted multi-channel neural recording system. The system uses a 16-channel chopper-stabilized Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheme to record multiplexed neural signals into a single shared analog front end (AFE). The choppers reduce the total integrated noise across the modulated spectrum by 2.4× and 4.3× in Local Field Potential (LFP) and Action Potential (AP) bands, respectively. In addition, a novel impedance booster based on Sign-Sign least mean squares (LMS) adaptive filter (AF) predicts the input signal and pre-charges the AC-coupling capacitors. The impedance booster module increases the AFE input impedance by a factor of 39× with a 7.1% increase in area. The proposed system obviates the need for on-chip digital demodulation, filtering, and remodulation normally required to extract Electrode Offset Voltages (EOV) from multiplexed neural signals, thereby achieving 3.6× and 2.8× savings in both area and power, respectively, in the EOV filter module. The Sign-Sign LMS AF is reused to determine the system loop gain, which relaxes the feedback DAC accuracy requirements and saves 10.1× in power compared to conventional oversampled DAC truncation-error ΔΣ-modulator. The proposed SoC is designed and fabricated in 65 nm CMOS, and each channel occupies 0.00179 mm2 of active area. Each channel consumes 5.11 μW of power while achieving 2.19 μVrms and 2.4 μVrms of input referred noise (IRN) over AP and LFP bands. The resulting AP band noise efficiency factor (NEF) is 1.8. The proposed system is verified with acute in-vivo recordings in a Sprague-Dawley rat using parylene C based thin-film platinum nanorod microelectrodes.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee K, Paulk AC, Ro YG, Cleary DR, Tonsfeldt KJ, Kfir Y, Pezaris JS, Tchoe Y, Lee J, Bourhis AM, Vatsyayan R, Martin JR, Russman SM, Yang JC, Baohan A, Richardson RM, Williams ZM, Fried SI, Hoi Sang U, Raslan AM, Ben-Haim S, Halgren E, Cash SS, Dayeh SA. Flexible, scalable, high channel count stereo-electrode for recording in the human brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:218. [PMID: 38233418 PMCID: PMC10794240 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, stereotactically placed electrodes have become the gold standard for deep brain recording and stimulation for a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Current electrodes, however, are limited in their spatial resolution and ability to record from small populations of neurons, let alone individual neurons. Here, we report on an innovative, customizable, monolithically integrated human-grade flexible depth electrode capable of recording from up to 128 channels and able to record at a depth of 10 cm in brain tissue. This thin, stylet-guided depth electrode is capable of recording local field potentials and single unit neuronal activity (action potentials), validated across species. This device represents an advance in manufacturing and design approaches which extends the capabilities of a mainstay technology in clinical neurology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keundong Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Angelique C Paulk
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yun Goo Ro
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniel R Cleary
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Karen J Tonsfeldt
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yoav Kfir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - John S Pezaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Youngbin Tchoe
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Andrew M Bourhis
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ritwik Vatsyayan
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joel R Martin
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Samantha M Russman
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jimmy C Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Amy Baohan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ziv M Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Shelley I Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - U Hoi Sang
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ahmed M Raslan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sharona Ben-Haim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eric Halgren
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Shadi A Dayeh
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gonzalez G, Nelson AC, Holman AR, Whitehead AJ, LaMontagne E, Lian R, Vatsyayan R, Dayeh SA, Engler AJ. Conductive electrospun polymer improves stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte function and maturation. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122363. [PMID: 37898021 PMCID: PMC10841997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous efforts to generate mature human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs), cells often remain immature, electrically isolated, and may not reflect adult biology. Conductive polymers are attractive candidates to facilitate electrical communication between hPSC-CMs, especially at sub-confluent cell densities or diseased cells lacking cell-cell junctions. Here we electrospun conductive polymers to create a conductive fiber mesh and assess if electrical signal propagation is improved in hPSC-CMs seeded on the mesh network. Matrix characterization indicated fiber structure remained stable over weeks in buffer, scaffold stiffness remained near in vivo cardiac stiffness, and electrical conductivity scaled with conductive polymer concentration. Cells remained adherent and viable on the scaffolds for at least 5 days. Transcriptomic profiling of hPSC-CMs cultured on conductive substrates for 3 days showed upregulation of cardiac and muscle-related genes versus non-conductive fibers. Structural proteins were more organized and calcium handling was improved on conductive substrates, even at sub-confluent cell densities; prolonged culture on conductive scaffolds improved membrane depolarization compared to non-conductive substrates. Taken together, these data suggest that blended, conductive scaffolds are stable, supportive of electrical coupling in hPSC-CMs, and promote maturation, which may improve our ability to model cardiac diseases and develop targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisselle Gonzalez
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Aileena C Nelson
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alyssa R Holman
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Erin LaMontagne
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rachel Lian
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ritwik Vatsyayan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shadi A Dayeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Adam J Engler
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vatsyayan R, Dayeh SA. A Comprehensive Large Signal, Small Signal, and Noise Model for IGZO Thin Film Transistor Circuits. IEEE Trans Electron Devices 2023; 70:4647-4654. [PMID: 37680851 PMCID: PMC10484473 DOI: 10.1109/ted.2023.3284803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a new physics-based model for dual-gate amorphous-indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) which we developed and fine-tuned through experimental implementation and benchtop characterization. We fabricated and characterized a variety of test patterns, including a-IGZO TFTs with varying gate widths (100-1000 μm) and channel lengths (5-50 μm), transmission-line-measurement patterns and ground-signal-ground (GSG) radio frequency (RF) patterns. We modeled the contact resistance as a function of bias, channel area, and temperature, and captured all operating regimes, used physics-based modeling adjusted for empirical data to capture the TFT characteristics including ambipolar subthreshold currents, graded interbias-regime current changes, threshold and flat-band voltages, the interface trap density, the gate leakage currents, the noise, and the relevant small signal parameters. To design high-precision circuits for biosensing, we validated the dc, small signal, and noise characteristics of the model. We simulated and fabricated a two-stage common source amplifier circuit with a common drain output buffer and compared the measured and simulated gain and phase performance, finding an excellent fit over a frequency range spanning 10 kHz-10 MHz.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Vatsyayan
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092 USA
| | - Shadi A Dayeh
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vatsyayan R, Lee J, Bourhis AM, Tchoe Y, Cleary DR, Tonsfeldt KJ, Lee K, Montgomery-Walsh R, Paulk AC, U HS, Cash SS, Dayeh SA. Electrochemical and electrophysiological considerations for clinical high channel count neural interfaces. MRS Bull 2023; 48:531-546. [PMID: 37476355 PMCID: PMC10357958 DOI: 10.1557/s43577-023-00537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiological recording and stimulation are the gold standard for functional mapping during surgical and therapeutic interventions as well as capturing cellular activity in the intact human brain. A critical component probing human brain activity is the interface material at the electrode contact that electrochemically transduces brain signals to and from free charge carriers in the measurement system. Here, we summarize state-of-the-art electrode array systems in the context of translation for use in recording and stimulating human brain activity. We leverage parametric studies with multiple electrode materials to shed light on the varied levels of suitability to enable high signal-to-noise electrophysiological recordings as well as safe electrophysiological stimulation delivery. We discuss the effects of electrode scaling for recording and stimulation in pursuit of high spatial resolution, channel count electrode interfaces, delineating the electrode-tissue circuit components that dictate the electrode performance. Finally, we summarize recent efforts in the connectorization and packaging for high channel count electrode arrays and provide a brief account of efforts toward wireless neuronal monitoring systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Vatsyayan
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Andrew M. Bourhis
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Youngbin Tchoe
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Daniel R. Cleary
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Karen J. Tonsfeldt
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Keundong Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Rhea Montgomery-Walsh
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Angelique C. Paulk
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Hoi Sang U
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Sydney S. Cash
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Shadi A. Dayeh
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vatsyayan R, Dayeh SA. A universal model of electrochemical safety limits in vivo for electrophysiological stimulation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:972252. [PMID: 36277998 PMCID: PMC9582612 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.972252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological stimulation has been widely adopted for clinical diagnostic and therapeutic treatments for modulation of neuronal activity. Safety is a primary concern in an interventional design leveraging the effects of electrical charge injection into tissue in the proximity of target neurons. While modalities of tissue damage during stimulation have been extensively investigated for specific electrode geometries and stimulation paradigms, a comprehensive model that can predict the electrochemical safety limits in vivo doesn’t yet exist. Here we develop a model that accounts for the electrode geometry, inter-electrode separation, material, and stimulation paradigm in predicting safe current injection limits. We performed a parametric investigation of the stimulation limits in both benchtop and in vivo setups for flexible microelectrode arrays with low impedance, high geometric surface area platinum nanorods and PEDOT:PSS, and higher impedance, planar platinum contacts. We benchmark our findings against standard clinical electrocorticography and depth electrodes. Using four, three and two contact electrochemical impedance measurements and comprehensive circuit models derived from these measurements, we developed a more accurate, clinically relevant and predictive model for the electrochemical interface potential. For each electrode configuration, we experimentally determined the geometric correction factors that dictate geometry-enforced current spreading effects. We also determined the electrolysis window from cyclic-voltammetry measurements which allowed us to calculate stimulation current safety limits from voltage transient measurements. From parametric benchtop electrochemical measurements and analyses for different electrode types, we created a predictive equation for the cathodal excitation measured at the electrode interface as a function of the electrode dimensions, geometric factor, material and stimulation paradigm. We validated the accuracy of our equation in vivo and compared the experimentally determined safety limits to clinically used stimulation protocols. Our new model overcomes the design limitations of Shannon’s equation and applies to macro- and micro-electrodes at different density or separation of contacts, captures the breakdown of charge-density based approaches at long stimulation pulse widths, and invokes appropriate power exponents to current, pulse width, and material/electrode-dependent impedance.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu R, Lee J, Tchoe Y, Pre D, Bourhis AM, D'Antonio-Chronowska A, Robin G, Lee SH, Ro YG, Vatsyayan R, Tonsfeldt KJ, Hossain LA, Phipps ML, Yoo J, Nogan J, Martinez JS, Frazer KA, Bang AG, Dayeh SA. Ultra-Sharp Nanowire Arrays Natively Permeate, Record, and Stimulate Intracellular Activity in Neuronal and Cardiac Networks. Adv Funct Mater 2022; 32:2108378. [PMID: 35603230 PMCID: PMC9122115 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202108378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report innovative scalable, vertical, ultra-sharp nanowire arrays that are individually addressable to enable long-term, native recordings of intracellular potentials. Stable amplitudes of intracellular potentials from 3D tissue-like networks of neurons and cardiomyocytes are obtained. Individual electrical addressability is necessary for high-fidelity intracellular electrophysiological recordings. This study paves the way toward predictive, high-throughput, and low-cost electrophysiological drug screening platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Liu
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Youngbin Tchoe
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Deborah Pre
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew M Bourhis
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Gaelle Robin
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sang Heon Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yun Goo Ro
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ritwik Vatsyayan
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karen J Tonsfeldt
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lorraine A Hossain
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - M Lisa Phipps
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Jinkyoung Yoo
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - John Nogan
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
| | - Jennifer S Martinez
- Center for Materials Interfaces in Research and Applications and Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Northern Arizona University, 624 S. Knoles Dr. Flagstaff, AZ 86011
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anne G Bang
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shadi A Dayeh
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tchoe Y, Lee J, Liu R, Bourhis AM, Vatsyayan R, Tonsfeldt KJ, Dayeh SA. Considerations and recent advances in nanoscale interfaces with neuronal and cardiac networks. Appl Phys Rev 2021; 8:041317. [PMID: 34868443 PMCID: PMC8596389 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale interfaces with biological tissue, principally made with nanowires (NWs), are envisioned as minimally destructive to the tissue and as scalable tools to directly transduce the electrochemical activity of a neuron at its finest resolution. This review lays the foundations for understanding the material and device considerations required to interrogate neuronal activity at the nanoscale. We first discuss the electrochemical nanoelectrode-neuron interfaces and then present new results concerning the electrochemical impedance and charge injection capacities of millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer scale wires with Pt, PEDOT:PSS, Si, Ti, ITO, IrO x , Ag, and AgCl materials. Using established circuit models for NW-neuron interfaces, we discuss the impact of having multiple NWs interfacing with a single neuron on the amplitude and temporal characteristics of the recorded potentials. We review state of the art advances in nanoelectrode-neuron interfaces, the standard control experiments to investigate their electrophysiological behavior, and present recent high fidelity recordings of intracellular potentials obtained with ultrasharp NWs developed in our laboratory that naturally permeate neuronal cell bodies. Recordings from arrays and individually addressable electrically shorted NWs are presented, and the long-term stability of intracellular recording is discussed and put in the context of established techniques. Finally, a perspective on future research directions and applications is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngbin Tchoe
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Andrew M. Bourhis
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ritwik Vatsyayan
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vatsyayan R, Cleary D, Martin JR, Halgren E, Dayeh SA. Electrochemical safety limits for clinical stimulation investigated using depth and strip electrodes in the pig brain. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34015769 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Diagnostic and therapeutic electrical stimulation are increasingly utilized with the rise of neuromodulation devices. However, systematic investigations that depict the practical clinical stimulation paradigms (bipolar, two-electrode configuration) to determine the safety limits are currently lacking. Further, safe charge densities that were classically determined from conical sharp electrodes are generalized for cylindrical (depth) and flat (surface grid) electrodes completely ignoring geometric factors that govern current spreading and trajectories in tissue.Approach. This work reports the first investigations comparing stimulation limits for clinically used electrodes in two mediums: in benchtop experiments in saline andin vivoin a single acute experiment in the pig brain. We experimentally determine the geometric factors, the water electrolysis windows, and the current safety limits from voltage transients, for the sEEG, depth and surface strip electrodes in both mediums. Using four-electrode and three-electrode configuration measurements and comprehensive circuit models that accurately depict our measurements, we delineate the various elements of the stimulation medium, including the tissue-electrode interface impedance spectra, the medium impedance and the bias-dependent change in the interface impedance as a function of stimulation parameters.Main results. The results of our systematics studies suggest that safe currents in clinical bipolar stimulation determinedin vivocan be as much as 24 times smaller than those determined from benchtop experiments (for depth electrodes at a 1 ms pulse duration). Our detailed circuit modeling attributes this drastic difference in safe limits to the greatly dissimilar electrode/tissue and electrode/saline impedances.Significance. We established the electrochemical safety limits for commonly used clinical electrodesin vivoand revealed by detailied electrochemical modeling how they differ from benchtop evaluation. We argue that electrochemical limits and currents are unique for each electrode, should be measuredin vivoaccording to the protocols established in this work, and should be accounted for while setting the stimulation parameters for clinical applications including for chronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Vatsyayan
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Daniel Cleary
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92097, United States of America
| | - Joel R Martin
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92097, United States of America
| | - Eric Halgren
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92097, United States of America
| | - Shadi A Dayeh
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Clark CA, Vatsyayan R, Hedner U, Esmon CT, Pendurthi UR, Rao LVM. Endothelial cell protein C receptor-mediated redistribution and tissue-level accumulation of factor VIIa. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:2383-91. [PMID: 22950420 PMCID: PMC3528836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies show that activated factor VII (FVIIa) binds to the endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) on the vascular endothelium; however, the importance of this interaction in hemostasis or pathophysiology is unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the FVIIa interaction with EPCR on the endothelium in mediating FVIIa transport from the circulation to extravascular tissues. METHODS Wild-type, EPCR-deficient or ECPR-over-expressing mice were injected with human recombinant (r)FVIIa (120 μg kg(-1) body weight) via the tail vein. At varying time intervals after rFVIIa administration, blood and various tissues were collected to measure FVIIa antigen and activity levels. Tissue sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for FVIIa and EPCR. RESULTS The data reveal that, after intravenous (i.v.) injection, rFVIIa rapidly disappears from the blood and associates with the endothelium in an EPCR-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the association of FVIIa with the endothelium was maximal at 30 min and thereafter progressively declined. The FVIIa association with the endothelium was undetectable at time points exceeding 24 h post-FVIIa administration. The levels of rFVIIa accumulated in tissue correlate with expression levels of EPCR in mice and FVIIa associated with tissues remained functionally active for periods of at least 7 days. CONCLUSIONS The observation that an EPCR-dependent association of FVIIa with the endothelium is most pronounced soon after rFVIIa administration and subsequently declines temporally, combined with the retention of functionally active FVIIa in tissue homogenates for extended periods, indicates that FVIIa binding to EPCR on the endothelium facilitates the transport of FVIIa from circulation to extravascular tissues where TF resides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Clark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA Department of Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dalasanur Nagaprashantha LPG, Singhal J, Vatsyayan R, Awasthi S, Singhal SS. The impact of a novel vicenin-2 and oral docetaxel combinatorial regimen in androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
12
|
Dalasanur Nagaprashantha L, Singhal J, Vatsyayan R, Lelsani P, Singhal SS, Prokai L, Awasthi S. Proteomic analysis of drug metabolizing networks in renal cell carcinomas with differential drug sensitivity and VHL expression. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|