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Vasiliev AA, Filippov VI, Dobrovolsky YA, Pisareva AV, Moritz W, Palombari R. Hydrogen sensors based on metal-insulator-semiconductor structures with a layer of a proton-conducting solid electrolyte. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193507050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chianella C, Palombari R, Petricca A. Electrochemical hydrogen doping of zinc oxide: A study of the oxide–proton conductor interface. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Alberto PC, Marmottini F, Arienti G, Palombari R. Selective liberation of NO from S-nitrosocysteine with potassium thiocyanate, as monitored by an amperometric sensor. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 432:37-40. [PMID: 15519294 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Revised: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
S-Nitrosocysteine (CysNO) releases either NO (in the presence of divalent cations) or NO+ (in the presence of chelating agents). NO+ is then transferred to peptides or protein SH groups to form high-mass nitrosothiols. The aim of this work was the development of a specific reaction between thiocyanate (SCN-) and CysNO. This reaction selectively liberates NO from CysNO in the presence of high-mass nitrosothiols. Free NO is measured with an amperometric sensor. We examine with this system the transnitrosylation reaction between CysNO and BSA at low molecular ratios and could assay nitrites, SNO-BSA, and CysNO in the incubation mixture without any preliminary purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmerini Carlo Alberto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche e Biotecnologie Molecolari, Via del Giochetto, 06127 Perugia, Italy.
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Palmerini CA, Arienti G, Palombari R. Electrochemical assay for determining nitrosyl derivatives of human hemoglobin: nitrosylhemoglobin and S-nitrosylhemoglobin. Anal Biochem 2004; 330:306-10. [PMID: 15203337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important biological regulator. It can bind to heme iron and form NO+, involved in the synthesis of S-nitrosothiols (-SNOs). NO reacts with human hemoglobin (Hb) to produce the derivatives: S-nitrosylhemoglobin (-SNOHb) and nitrosylhemoglobin (HbNO). At neutral pH values, free NO does not react directly with the -SH groups of Hb. The reductive nitrosylation of Fe(III) heme upon reaction with NO has long been studied, but it is not yet completely known. To quantify the reaction of NO with Hb, we developed a new, sensitive (nanomolar concentration range) electrochemical assay to selectively measure HbNO and -SNOHb. The assay also allows the monitoring of free NO during the reaction with human Fe(III)Hb and Fe(II)HbO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo A Palmerini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche e Biotecnologie Molecolari, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Abstract
Oxyhaemoglobin (oxyHb) and methaemoglobin (metHb) react with S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO) to form nitroso derivatives. We test this reaction with a new method for evaluating transnitrosation reaction. The assay exploits an amperometric sensor developed in our laboratory. The results we obtain are in good agreement with those reported by others, although at much higher sensitivity, indicating the suitability of the method for examining high-mass nitroso compounds. The S-nitrosylation of oxyHb at a CysNO/haem ratio of 1 : 1 is about 5% in 60 min. In the same experimental conditions, the nitrosylation of met-Hb reaches 25%. OxyHb and metHb derivatize by 50% in 60 min upon using a CysNO/haem ratio of 10 : 1. The oxidation of haem iron occurs at ratios of haem/CysNO of 1 : 5 or higher. We conclude that CysNO transfers NO(+) both to metHb and oxyHb. We propose that NO transfer in RBC may occur through transnitrosation reactions between high and low-mass nitrosothiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Palmerini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche e Biotecnologie Molecolari.
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Palombari R. Influence of surface acceptor–donor couples on conductivity and other electrochemical properties of nonstoichiometric NiO at 200°C. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(03)00134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo A Palmerini
- Department of Biochemical Science and Molecular Biotechnology, Università di Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy
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Abstract
Human saliva contains nitrate that is converted into nitrite by the activity of facultative, anaerobic bacteria of the oral cavity. Nitrite can be reduced to NO in the acidic gastric milieu; some NO may also form in the mouth at acidic pH values. In this paper, we show that bacteria (S. salivarius, S. mitis and S. bovis) isolated from saliva, may contribute to NO production in human saliva. NO formation by bacteria occurs at neutral pH values and may contribute to the antibacterial activity of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Palmerini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche e Biotecnologie Molecolari, Via del Giochetto, Università di Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is generated in biological systems and plays important roles as a regulatory molecule. Its ability to bind to haem iron is well known. Moreover, it may lose an electron, forming the nitrosonium ion, involved in the synthesis of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). It has been suggested that S-nitrosohaemoglobin (-SNO Hb) and low molecular weight SNOs may act as reservoirs of NO. SNOs are formed in vitro, at strongly acidic pH values; however, the mechanism of their formation at neutral pH values is still debated. In this paper we report the anaerobic formation of SNOs (both high- and low-molecular weight) from low concentrations of NO at pH 7.4, provided Hb is also present. We propose a reaction mechanism entailing the participation of Fehaem in the formation of NO(+) and the transfer of NO(+) either to Cysbeta(93) of Hb or to glutathione; we show that this reaction also occurs in human RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Palmerini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche e Biotecnologie Molecolari, Via del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Biochemical events explaining the pathology of ischemia-reperfusion in the muscle are still debated. Nitric oxide (NO) has been postulated to be implicated in these phenomena, but the short half-life of this compound makes it difficult to measure. METHODS In this paper, we used an amperometric solid-sate sensor to measure NO concentrations in frozen human muscles before, during and after a period of ischemia. We also measured cytochrome oxidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS NO increased during ischemia but it soon returned to normal values upon reperfusion. On the other hand, cytochrome oxidase that also decreased in ischemic muscle did not increase during the reperfusion and malondialdehyde only increased during reperfusion, indicating the occurrence of peroxidative reactions in this situation. CONCLUSIONS NO is implicated in the ischemia/reperfusion pathology, but it is difficult to relate whether this is connected to cytochrome oxidase activity and malondialdehyde formation, also modified in this ischemia-reperfusion model.
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Abstract
Ferrimyoglobin at pH 7.4 binds nitric oxide to yield nitric oxide adducts. In the presence of glutathione (GSH), nitrosoadducts of Mb(III) react with it to give nitrosoglutathione, whose concentration has been determined with an apparatus based on a specific and sensitive solid-state amperometric gas sensor. The reaction constant between the adduct and glutathione, kGSH = (47 +/- 1) M(-1) x s(-1), obtained by UV-Vis spectroscopy kinetic measurements, is about one-eighth of the constant with OH- determined by other authors. We can explain this fact with the higher nucleophilicity of OH- compared to GSH, due to the bulkiness and charge of the species. It is known that the formation of nitrosothiols starting from nitrite or NO (nitrogen monoxide) and glutathione, in the absence of oxygen, is impossible. Thus, from a biological point of view, it is important to point out that GSH reacts with NO in the presence of ferrimyoglobin, even at physiological pH, to form nitrosoglutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Reichenbach
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Italy.
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Corbucci GG, Palmerini C, Palombari R, Lettieri B, Grella E, Velluti C, Chelo C. [The nitric oxide metabolism in the hypoxic, ischemic and reperfused human skeletal muscle cell: clinical and therapeutical observations]. Minerva Anestesiol 2001; 67:387-92. [PMID: 11382828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biochemical and metabolic role played by nitric oxide (NO) in course of oxidative stress due to cell hypoxia, ischemia and reperfusion has a determinant relevance in the mitochondrial adaptive changes which antagonize the irreversible morpho-functional damage. In particular conditions, such as in prolonged ischemia and/or exogenous NO supplementation, this element is present in the radical form (NOO*) concurring to peroxidative cell injury. Aim of this study was to investigate these opposite NO aspects in hypoxic, ischemic and reperfused human skeletal muscle tissue. METHODS Skeletal muscle samples were taken during elective knee orthopedic surgery in 10 consecutive patients. The biopsies were obtained before, after 5+/-1 min and 58+/-2 min from tourniquet application and then after 18+/-3 min following muscle reperfusion. The samples, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, were assayed for endocellular free NO following the gas-amperometric method described by Palmerini C. RESULTS When compared with normoxic tissues, a significant decrease in free NO content was observed in hypoxic samples. After about 60 min of prolonged ischemia the NO levels show an evident increase, while the tissue reperfusion leads to a progressive restoration of physiological content in the cellular free nitric oxide. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data in hypoxic muscle cell seem to underline the pivotal role played by NO in adapting the cytochrome c oxidase oxidative activity to lower O2 bio-availability. On the other hand the prolonged ischemia leads to a consistent NOO* generation triggered by oxyradical generation and Ca2+ intracellular over load. Even if the tissue reoxygenation restores the normal NO levels it is arguable that the pre-treatment of ischemic cell with antioxidants, Ca-antagonist and Dexamethasone supplementation could represent a crucial and specific therapeutic approach to critically ill patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Corbucci
- Istituto di Anestesia-Rianimazione, Università degli Studi, Cagliari, Italy
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO, nitrogen monoxide), generated in biological systems, plays important roles as a regulatory molecule. Its ability to bind to hemoglobin (Hb) iron is well known. Moreover, it may lose an electron, forming the nitrosonium ion, involved in the synthesis of nitrosothiols (RSNO). It has been suggested that S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) may act as a reservoir of NO. The S-nitrosylation of Hb can be detected after the incubation of CysNO and Hb for 60 min with a molecular ratio (CysNO/hem) of 1:1. Upon increasing the ratio to 10:1, about 50% of total Hb (100% of beta-chain -SH 93) was derivatized in 60 min. In this paper, we describe a new method for the quantitative assay of SNO-Hb, after the liberation of NO by Cu(2+)/Cu(+) and the simultaneous assessment of NO by solid-state amperometric sensor. The assay described by us is sensitive, rapid, easy to perform, and inexpensive. For this reason, we believe that it may represent an important analytical improvement for the study of the S-transnitrosylation reactions between RSNO and the Hb Cys-beta 93 and SNO-Hb and glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Palmerini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università di Perugia, Via del Giochetto, Perugia 06127, Italy.
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Palombari R, Andersen AMK, Krogh Andersen IG, Krogh Andersen E. Cathodic insertion of ions in tungsten(VI) oxide from aqueous media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1039/b003773g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Palmerini CA, Arienti G, Mazzolla R, Palombari R. A new assay for the determination of low-molecular-weight nitrosothiols (nitrosoglutathione), NO, and nitrites by using a specific and sensitive solid-state amperometric gas sensor. Nitric Oxide 1999; 2:375-80. [PMID: 10100493 DOI: 10.1006/niox.1998.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is generated in biological systems and plays an important role as a bioregulatory molecule. Its ability to bind hemoglobin and myoglobin is well known. Moreover, it may lose an electron forming the nitrosyl group involved in the formation of S-nitrosothiols. The main problem in analyzing NO is its extreme reactivity. We have tackled this task by using an amperometric sensor to determine free NO, S-nitrosothiols (such as S-nitrosoglutathione), and nitrite in cell-free systems and murine microglial cell cultures. The determination of nitrosothiols is of biochemical relevance and a difficult task particularly at low concentration values. In this article we describe a new method based on the reductive cleavage of the S-NO bond by cuprous ions followed by a solid-state amperometric determination. The system described by us is sensitive, rapid, does not require previous purification steps, is easy to perform, and is inexpensive. For this reason, we think that it may represent an important analytical improvement. It has been suggested that nitrosothiols may exert biological activity by acting as a reservoir of NO. We tested the production of nitrite and of RSNO in stimulated, cultured murine microglial cells and we have shown that nitrite accumulates in these conditions. GSNO also accumulates, provided that GSH is present in the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Palmerini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università di Perugia, Italy
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Palombari R, Pierri F. Ni(III) doped NiO as the electrode material for electrochemical devices employing protonic conductors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(97)00179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Palombari R, Sebastiani B. The electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide on a platinum/solid protonic conductor interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(93)80517-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Biedermann G, Palombari R, Andresen AF, Andersson Y, Rundqvist S, Fernholt L, Gundersen G, Nielsen CJ, Cyvin BN, Cyvin SJ. On the Hydrolysis of the Manganese(III) Ion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.32a-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ciavatta L, Grimaldi M, Palombari R. A thermochemical study on the hydrolysis of mercury(II) chloride and mercury(II) thiocyanate complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(76)80364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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