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Gray LS, Latorre JD, Hernandez-Patlan D, Solis-Cruz B, Petrone-Garcia VM, Hernandez-Velasco X, Robbins KM, Moore RW, Vuong CN, Stein A, Laverty L, Martin K, Coles ME, Señas-Cuesta R, Diaz-Gomez JM, Loeza I, Castellanos-Huerta I, Maguey-Gonzalez JA, Graham BD, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. Isolation, characterization, and experimental infection of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus from commercial turkeys with acute septicemia: a pilot study. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102950. [PMID: 37540949 PMCID: PMC10407896 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus (SG) is a Gram-positive cocci found as commensal gut flora in animals and humans. SG has emerged as a cause of disease in young poults between 1 and 3 wk of age. SG is associated with septicemia resulting in acute mortality with no premonitory signs in turkeys. Three SG isolates were obtained from clinical field cases of acute septicemia of commercial turkeys and used in three independent experiments. In Experiment 1, embryos were inoculated 25 d of embryogenesis with varying concentrations of SG1, SG2, or SG3. In Experiment 2, day of hatch, poults were inoculated with varying concentrations using different routes of administration of SG1, SG2, or SG3. In Experiment 3, day of hatch, poults were inoculated with only isolate SG1 using different paths. Poults were randomly selected for necropsy on d 8 and d 15 and sampled to collect spleen, heart, and liver for SG on d 21, the remaining poults were necropsied and cultured. Samples were plated on Columbia nalidixic acid and colistin agar (CNA) (40°C, 18-24 h). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) confirmed suspect colonies. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test of independence, testing all possible combinations to determine significance (P < 0.05). Weight data were subjected to ANOVA using JMP with significance (P < 0.05). No differences were found in BW or BWG on d 0, 8, 15, or 22. Splenomegaly, focal heart necrosis, and pericarditis were observed in all groups in experiments 1 through 3. In Experiment 3, only airsacculitis was observed in a negative control in separate isolation (P > 0.05). On d 21 of Experiment 3, increased (P < 0.05) recovery of SG from spleens were observed in co-housed negative controls, as well as poults challenged by oral gavage (P > 0.05 for d 7 and d 14). These results confirm numerous previous studies indicating that SG subsp. pasteurianus is a primary infectious microorganism that causes septicemia in young poults.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Gray
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - J D Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - D Hernandez-Patlan
- Laboratory 5: LEDEFAR, Multidisciplinary Research Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Superior Studies Faculty at Cuautitlan (UNAM-FESC), Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico State 54714, Mexico; Nanotechnology Engineering Division, Polytechnic University of the Valley of Mexico, Tultitlan, Mexico State 54910, Mexico
| | - B Solis-Cruz
- Laboratory 5: LEDEFAR, Multidisciplinary Research Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Superior Studies Faculty at Cuautitlan (UNAM-FESC), Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico State 54714, Mexico; Nanotechnology Engineering Division, Polytechnic University of the Valley of Mexico, Tultitlan, Mexico State 54910, Mexico
| | - V M Petrone-Garcia
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, UNAM-FESC, Cuautitlán, Estado de Mexico 54714, Mexico
| | - X Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Cd. de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | | | - R W Moore
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - C N Vuong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - A Stein
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - L Laverty
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - K Martin
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - M E Coles
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - R Señas-Cuesta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - I Loeza
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - I Castellanos-Huerta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - J A Maguey-Gonzalez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - B D Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - B M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - G Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Trujillo-Peralta C, Ashcraft A, Señas-Cuesta R, Coles M, Hernandez-Velasco X, Selby C, Forga A, Tellez-Isaias G, Vuong C, Bielke L, Barta J, Hargis B, Graham D. Research Note: Isolation, speciation, and anticoccidial sensitivity of Eimeria spp. recovered from wild turkey feces in the United States. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102819. [PMID: 37331218 PMCID: PMC10404749 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 2018 and 2020, over 100 wild turkey fecal samples were collected from the Eastern and Central thirds of the United States, where commercial turkey production is uncommon. We hypothesized that anticoccidial-sensitive Eimeria spp. would be present in wild turkey fecal samples. Samples containing Eimeria spp. oocysts were amplified in vivo. If propagation was successful, the samples were PCR-speciated and subjected to anticoccidial sensitivity testing (AST) for key members of both ionophore and chemical categories of anticoccidial drugs. The purpose of this study was to isolate Eimeria spp. relevant to commercial turkey production that possessed sensitivity to monensin, zoalene, and amprolium. Future research would evaluate the efficacy of wild turkey Eimeria spp. as vaccine candidates for reducing coccidiosis in commercial turkey flocks utilizing single oocyst-derived stocks obtained in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Trujillo-Peralta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville AR, 72701, USA
| | - Aaron Ashcraft
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville AR, 72701, USA
| | - Roberto Señas-Cuesta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville AR, 72701, USA
| | - Makenly Coles
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville AR, 72701, USA
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Callie Selby
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville AR, 72701, USA
| | - Aaron Forga
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville AR, 72701, USA
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville AR, 72701, USA
| | - Christine Vuong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville AR, 72701, USA
| | - Lisa Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - John Barta
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Billy Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville AR, 72701, USA
| | - Danielle Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville AR, 72701, USA.
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Laverty L, Beer LC, Martin K, Hernandez-Velasco X, Juarez-Estrada MA, Arango-Cardona M, Forga AJ, Coles ME, Vuong CN, Latorre JD, Señas-Cuesta R, Loeza I, Gray LS, Barta JR, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G, Graham BD. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chlorhexidine salts as potential alternatives to potassium dichromate for Eimeria maxima M6 oocyst preservation. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1226298. [PMID: 37496751 PMCID: PMC10367094 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1226298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coccidiosis caused by the Eimeria spp., an Apicomplexan protozoon, is a major intestinal disease that affects the poultry industry. Although most cases of coccidiosis are subclinical, Eimeria infections impair bird health and decrease overall performance, which can result in compromised welfare and major economic losses. Viable sporulated Eimeria oocysts are required for challenge studies and live coccidiosis vaccines. Potassium dichromate (PDC) is typically used as a preservative for these stocks during storage. Although effective and inexpensive, PDC is also toxic and carcinogenic. Chlorhexidine (CHX) salts may be a possible alternative, as this is a widely used disinfectant with less toxicity and no known carcinogenic associations. Methods In vitro testing of CHX gluconate and CHX digluconate exhibited comparable oocyst integrity and viability maintenance with equivalent bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity to PDC. Subsequent use of CHX gluconate or digluconate-preserved Eimeria oocysts, cold-stored at 4°C for 5 months, as the inoculum also resulted in similar oocyst shedding and recovery rates when compared to PDC-preserved oocysts. Results and discussion These data show that using 0.20% CHX gluconate could be a suitable replacement for PDC. Additionally, autofluorescence was used as a method to evaluate oocyst viability. Administration of artificially aged oocysts exhibiting >99% autofluorescence from each preserved treatment resulted in no oocyst output for CHX salt groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Laverty
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Lesleigh C. Beer
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kristen Martin
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, FMVZ, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Juarez-Estrada
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, FMVZ, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Aaron J. Forga
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Makenly E. Coles
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Christine N. Vuong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Roberto Señas-Cuesta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Ileana Loeza
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Latasha S. Gray
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - John R. Barta
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Brittany D. Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Señas-Cuesta R, Stein A, Latorre JD, Maynard CJ, Hernandez-Velasco X, Petrone-Garcia V, Greene ES, Coles M, Gray L, Laverty L, Martin K, Loeza I, Uribe AJ, Martínez BC, Angel-Isaza JA, Graham D, Owens CM, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. The effects of essential oil from Lippia origanoides and herbal betaine on performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1184636. [PMID: 37324386 PMCID: PMC10266421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1184636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) affect performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization, and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress (HS). Day-of-hatch Cobb 500 male broiler chicks (n = 475) were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1: No heat stress (Thermoneutral) + control diets with no antibiotics; Group 2: heat stress control + control diets; Group 3: heat stress + control diets supplemented with thymol chemotype (45 ppm) and herbal betaine (150 ppm) formulation EO1; Group 4: heat stress + control diets supplemented with phellandrene (45 ppm) and herbal betaine (150 ppm) formulation EO2. From day 10-42, the heat stress groups were exposed to cyclic HS at 35°C for 12 h (8:00-20:00). BW, BWG, FI, and FCRc were measured at d 0, 10, 28, and 42. Chickens were orally gavaged with FITC-d on days 10 (before heat stress) and 42. Morphometric analysis of duodenum and ileum samples and bone mineralization of tibias were done. Meat quality was assessed on day 43 with ten chickens per pen per treatment. Heat stress reduced BW by day 28 (p < 0.05) compared to thermoneutral chickens. At the end of the trial, chickens that received both formulations of EO1 and EO2 had significantly higher BW than HS control chickens. A similar trend was observed for BWG. FCRc was impaired by EO2 supplementation. There was a significant increase in total mortality in EO2 compared with EO1 EO1 chickens had lower FITC-d concentrations at day 42 than the HS control. In addition, EO1 treatment is not statistically different if compared to EO2 and thermoneutral. Control HS broilers had significantly lower tibia breaking strength and total ash at day 42 than heat-stressed chickens supplemented with EO1 and EO2. Heat stress affected intestinal morphology more than thermoneutral chickens. EO1 and EO2 improved intestinal morphology in heat-stressed chickens. Woody breast and white striping were more common in thermoneutral chickens than heat stress chickens. In conclusion, the EO-containing diet could improve broiler chicken growth during cyclic heat stress, becoming increasingly relevant in antibiotic-free production in harsh climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Señas-Cuesta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Andressa Stein
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Clay J. Maynard
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Victor Petrone-Garcia
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán UNAM, Cuautitlán, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth S. Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Makenly Coles
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Latasha Gray
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Lauren Laverty
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kristen Martin
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Ileana Loeza
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | | | | | - Danielle Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Casey M. Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Rocchi A, Ruff J, Maynard CJ, Forga AJ, Señas-Cuesta R, Greene ES, Latorre JD, Vuong CN, Graham BD, Hernandez-Velasco X, Tellez G, Petrone-Garcia VM, Laverty L, Hargis BM, Erf GF, Owens CM, Tellez-Isaias G. Experimental Cyclic Heat Stress on Intestinal Permeability, Bone Mineralization, Leukocyte Proportions and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101273. [PMID: 35625119 PMCID: PMC9138156 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this research was to assess cyclic heat stress on gut permeability, bone mineralization, and meat quality in chickens. Two separate trials were directed. 320 day-of-hatch Cobb 500 male chicks were randomly assigned to four thermoneutral (TN) and four cyclic heat stress (HS) chambers with two pens each, providing eight replicates per treatment in each trial (n = 20 chicks/replicate). Environmental conditions in the TN group were established to simulate commercial production settings. Heat stress chickens were exposed to cyclic HS at 35 °C for 12 h/day from days 7−42. Performance parameters, intestinal permeability, bone parameters, meat quality, and leukocyte proportions were estimated. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in body weight (BW), BW gain, and feed intake, but the feed conversion ratio increased in chickens under cyclic HS. Moreover, HS chickens had a significantly higher gut permeability, monocyte and basophil levels, but less bone mineralization than TN chickens. Nevertheless, the TN group had significant increases in breast yield, woody breast, and white striping in breast fillets compared to HS. These results present an alternative model to our previously published continuous HS model to better reflect commercial conditions to evaluate commercially available nutraceuticals or products with claims of reducing the severity of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rocchi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Jared Ruff
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Clay J. Maynard
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Aaron J. Forga
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Roberto Señas-Cuesta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Christine N. Vuong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Brittany D. Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guillermo Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Victor M. Petrone-Garcia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54121, Mexico;
| | - Lauren Laverty
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Gisela F. Erf
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Casey M. Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Coles ME, Forga AJ, Señas-Cuesta R, Graham BD, Selby CM, Uribe ÁJ, Martínez BC, Angel-Isaza JA, Vuong CN, Hernandez-Velasco X, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. Assessment of Lippia origanoides Essential Oils in a Salmonella typhimurium, Eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model to Induce Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1111. [PMID: 33924404 PMCID: PMC8069271 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present research was to evaluate dietary supplementation of essential oils from Lippia origanoides (LEO) on necrotic enteritis (NE). Chickens were randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1: negative control; Group 2: positive control challenged with Salmonella typhimurium (day 1), Eimeria maxima (day 18), and C. perfringens (CP, days 22-23); Group 3: dietary supplementation LEO and challenged. On d 25 of age, serum samples were collected to evaluate fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d), superoxide dismutase (SOD), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), Immunoglobulin A (IgA). Group 3 showed a significant reduction of the harmful effects of induced infection/dysbiosis and a significant reduction in NE lesion scores, morbidity and mortality compared with the positive challenge control group (p < 0.05) compared with Group 2. Digested feed supernatant, supplemented with LEO and inoculated with CP, reduced CP burden (p < 0.05). Group 3 also exhibited a significant reduction in FITC-d, IFN-γ and IgA compared with Group 2. However, a significant increase SOD was observed in Group 3 compared with both control groups. Further investigation to compare the effect of LEO and the standard treatment of clostridial NE is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenly E. Coles
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Aaron J. Forga
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Roberto Señas-Cuesta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Brittany D. Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Callie M. Selby
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Álvaro J. Uribe
- Promitec S.A., Bucaramanga, Santander 680001, Colombia; (Á.J.U.); (B.C.M.); (J.A.A.-I.)
| | - Blanca C. Martínez
- Promitec S.A., Bucaramanga, Santander 680001, Colombia; (Á.J.U.); (B.C.M.); (J.A.A.-I.)
| | - Jaime A. Angel-Isaza
- Promitec S.A., Bucaramanga, Santander 680001, Colombia; (Á.J.U.); (B.C.M.); (J.A.A.-I.)
| | - Christine N. Vuong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, FMVZ, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 4510, Mexico;
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
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