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Rodrigues KCDC, Pereira RM, de Campos TDP, de Moura RF, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, de Araújo MB, de Moura LP. The Role of Physical Exercise to Improve the Browning of White Adipose Tissue via POMC Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:88. [PMID: 29643769 PMCID: PMC5882867 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a public health issue that affects more than 600 million adults worldwide. The disease is characterized by fat accumulation, mainly in the abdominal area. The human body is mainly composed of two types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT); however, the browning process generates a different type of brown fat-like adipocyte in WAT, which similar to BAT has thermogenic capacity by activating UCP-1. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus plays an important role in WAT browning via POMC neurons, which are influenced by synergistic insulin and leptin signaling. On the other hand, stimulation of AgRP neurons suppresses WAT browning. The hypothalamic inflammatory process that occurs in obesity impairs insulin and leptin signaling in this tissue and, consequently, can decrease WAT browning. In addition, practicing physical exercise may be a great strategy for triggering the browning process since it reduces hypothalamic inflammation and increases POMC neurons gene expression. Moreover, physical exercise stimulates irisin gene expression, which has an important impact on thermogenesis, which in turn culminates in increased gene expression of proteins such as UCP-1 and Cidea, which are related to WAT browning. Furthermore, thermogenetic activation of WAT leads to increased energy expenditure, favoring obesity treatment. Therefore, this mini-review aimed to highlight the most recent studies that link the control of hypothalamic activity with the browning metabolism of adipose tissue in response to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen C da Cruz Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Thaís D P de Campos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F de Moura
- Department of Health Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro P de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Motricity Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Andrade EF, Orlando DR, Gomes JAS, Foureaux RDC, Costa RC, Varaschin MS, Rogatto GP, de Moura RF, Pereira LJ. Exercise attenuates alveolar bone loss and anxiety-like behaviour in rats with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:1153-1163. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric F. Andrade
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; Federal University of Lavras; Lavras Brazil
| | - Débora R. Orlando
- Department of Agricultural Sciences; Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys; Unaí Brazil
| | - Júlia A. S. Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | | | - Rafael C. Costa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Federal University of Lavras; Lavras Brazil
| | - Mary S. Varaschin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Federal University of Lavras; Lavras Brazil
| | - Gustavo P. Rogatto
- Department of Physical Education; Federal University of Lavras; Lavras Brazil
| | | | - Luciano J. Pereira
- Department of Health Sciences; Federal University of Lavras; Lavras Brazil
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Dragano NRV, Solon C, Ramalho AF, de Moura RF, Razolli DS, Christiansen E, Azevedo C, Ulven T, Velloso LA. Polyunsaturated fatty acid receptors, GPR40 and GPR120, are expressed in the hypothalamus and control energy homeostasis and inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:91. [PMID: 28446241 PMCID: PMC5405534 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of large amounts of dietary fats is one of the most important environmental factors contributing to the development of obesity and metabolic disorders. GPR120 and GPR40 are polyunsaturated fatty acid receptors that exert a number of systemic effects that are beneficial for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Here, we evaluate the expression and potential role of hypothalamic GPR120 and GPR40 as targets for the treatment of obesity. Methods Male Swiss (6-weeks old), were fed with a high fat diet (HFD, 60% of kcal from fat) for 4 weeks. Next, mice underwent stereotaxic surgery to place an indwelling cannula into the right lateral ventricle. intracerebroventricular (icv)-cannulated mice were treated twice a day for 6 days with 2.0 μL saline or GPR40 and GPR120 agonists: GW9508, TUG1197, or TUG905 (2.0 μL, 1.0 mM). Food intake and body mass were measured during the treatment period. At the end of the experiment, the hypothalamus was collected for real-time PCR analysis. Results We show that both receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus; GPR120 is primarily present in microglia, whereas GPR40 is expressed in neurons. Upon intracerebroventricular treatment, GW9508, a non-specific agonist for both receptors, reduced energy efficiency and the expression of inflammatory genes in the hypothalamus. Reducing GPR120 hypothalamic expression using a lentivirus-based approach resulted in the loss of the anti-inflammatory effect of GW9508 and increased energy efficiency. Intracerebroventricular treatment with the GPR120- and GPR40-specific agonists TUG1197 and TUG905, respectively, resulted in milder effects than those produced by GW9508. Conclusions GPR120 and GPR40 act in concert in the hypothalamus to reduce energy efficiency and regulate the inflammation associated with obesity. The combined activation of both receptors in the hypothalamus results in better metabolic outcomes than the isolated activation of either receptor alone. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0869-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia R V Dragano
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Albina F Ramalho
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F de Moura
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Razolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Christiansen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carlos Azevedo
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-877, Brazil.
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Morari J, Anhe GF, Nascimento LF, de Moura RF, Razolli D, Solon C, Guadagnini D, Souza G, Mattos AH, Tobar N, Ramos CD, Pascoal VD, Saad MJ, Lopes-Cendes I, Moraes JC, Velloso LA. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is involved in the early activation of hypothalamic inflammation in experimental obesity. Diabetes 2014; 63:3770-84. [PMID: 24947351 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic inflammation is a common feature of experimental obesity. Dietary fats are important triggers of this process, inducing the activation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Microglia cells, which are the cellular components of the innate immune system in the brain, are expected to play a role in the early activation of diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation. Here, we use bone marrow transplants to generate mice chimeras that express a functional TLR4 in the entire body except in bone marrow-derived cells or only in bone marrow-derived cells. We show that a functional TLR4 in bone marrow-derived cells is required for the complete expression of the diet-induced obese phenotype and for the perpetuation of inflammation in the hypothalamus. In an obesity-prone mouse strain, the chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is rapidly induced in the neurons of the hypothalamus after the introduction of a high-fat diet. The inhibition of hypothalamic fractalkine reduces diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and the recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytic cells to the hypothalamus; in addition, this inhibition reduces obesity and protects against diet-induced glucose intolerance. Thus, fractalkine is an important player in the early induction of diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation, and its inhibition impairs the induction of the obese and glucose intolerance phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Anhe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniela Razolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Souza
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Mattos
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Natalia Tobar
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Celso D Ramos
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vinicius D Pascoal
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mario J Saad
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Moraes
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Ignacio-Souza LM, Bombassaro B, Pascoal LB, Portovedo MA, Razolli DS, Coope A, Victorio SC, de Moura RF, Nascimento LF, Arruda AP, Anhe GF, Milanski M, Velloso LA. Defective regulation of the ubiquitin/proteasome system in the hypothalamus of obese male mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2831-44. [PMID: 24892821 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In both human and experimental obesity, inflammatory damage to the hypothalamus plays an important role in the loss of the coordinated control of food intake and energy expenditure. Upon prolonged maintenance of increased body mass, the brain changes the defended set point of adiposity, and returning to normal weight becomes extremely difficult. Here we show that in prolonged but not in short-term obesity, the ubiquitin/proteasome system in the hypothalamus fails to maintain an adequate rate of protein recycling, leading to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. This is accompanied by an increased colocalization of ubiquitin and p62 in the arcuate nucleus and reduced expression of autophagy markers in the hypothalamus. Genetic protection from obesity is accompanied by the normal regulation of the ubiquitin/proteasome system in the hypothalamus, whereas the inhibition of proteasome or p62 results in the acceleration of body mass gain in mice exposed for a short period to a high-fat diet. Thus, the defective regulation of the ubiquitin/proteasome system in the hypothalamus may be an important mechanism involved in the progression and autoperpetuation of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia M Ignacio-Souza
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling (L.M.I.-S., B.B., L.B.P., M.A.P., D.S.R., A.C., S.C.V., R.F.d.M., L.F.N., A.P.A., M.M., L.A.V.), Faculty of Applied Sciences (M.A.P., M.M.), and Department of Pharmacology (G.F.A.), University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas, Brazil
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Gurjão ALD, GonÇalves R, de Moura RF, Gobbi S. Acute Effect of Static Stretching on Rate of Force Development and Maximal Voluntary Contraction in Older Women. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23:2149-54. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b8682d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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