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Pascoal LB, Bombassaro B, Ramalho AF, Coope A, Moura RF, Correa-da-Silva F, Ignacio-Souza L, Razolli D, de Oliveira D, Catharino R, Velloso LA. Resolvin RvD2 reduces hypothalamic inflammation and rescues mice from diet-induced obesity. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:5. [PMID: 28086928 PMCID: PMC5234140 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation is an important mechanism leading to dysfunction of neurons involved in controlling body mass. Studies have shown that polyunsaturated fats can reduce hypothalamic inflammation. Here, we evaluated the presence and function of RvD2, a resolvin produced from docosahexaenoic acid, in the hypothalamus of mice. METHODS Male Swiss mice were fed either chow or a high-fat diet. RvD2 receptor and synthetic enzymes were evaluated by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. RvD2 was determined by mass spectrometry. Dietary and pharmacological approaches were used to modulate the RvD2 system in the hypothalamus, and metabolic phenotype consequences were determined. RESULTS All enzymes involved in the synthesis of RvD2 were detected in the hypothalamus and were modulated in response to the consumption of dietary saturated fats, leading to a reduction of hypothalamic RvD2. GPR18, the receptor for RvD2, which was detected in POMC and NPY neurons, was also modulated by dietary fats. The substitution of saturated by polyunsaturated fats in the diet resulted in increased hypothalamic RvD2, which was accompanied by reduced body mass and improved glucose tolerance. The intracerebroventricular treatment with docosahexaenoic acid resulted in increased expression of the RvD2 synthetic enzymes, increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and improved metabolic phenotype. Finally, intracerebroventricular treatment with RvD2 resulted in reduced adiposity, improved glucose tolerance and increased hypothalamic expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Thus, RvD2 is produced in the hypothalamus, and its receptor and synthetic enzymes are modulated by dietary fats. The improved metabolic outcomes of RvD2 make this substance an attractive approach to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia B Pascoal
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bombassaro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Albina F Ramalho
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Andressa Coope
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Moura
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Felipe Correa-da-Silva
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Leticia Ignacio-Souza
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Daniela Razolli
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil
| | - Diogo de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Catharino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-761, Brazil.
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Souza GFP, Solon C, Nascimento LF, De-Lima-Junior JC, Nogueira G, Moura R, Rocha GZ, Fioravante M, Bobbo V, Morari J, Razolli D, Araujo EP, Velloso LA. Defective regulation of POMC precedes hypothalamic inflammation in diet-induced obesity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29290. [PMID: 27373214 PMCID: PMC4931679 DOI: 10.1038/srep29290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the result of a long-term positive energy balance in which caloric intake overrides energy expenditure. This anabolic state results from the defective activity of hypothalamic neurons involved in the sensing and response to adiposity. However, it is currently unknown what the earliest obesity-linked hypothalamic defect is and how it orchestrates the energy imbalance present in obesity. Using an outbred model of diet-induced obesity we show that defective regulation of hypothalamic POMC is the earliest marker distinguishing obesity-prone from obesity-resistant mice. The early inhibition of hypothalamic POMC was sufficient to transform obesity-resistant in obesity-prone mice. In addition, the post-prandial change in the blood level of β-endorphin, a POMC-derived peptide, correlates with body mass gain in rodents and humans. Taken together, these results suggest that defective regulation of POMC expression, which leads to a change of β-endorphin levels, is the earliest hypothalamic defect leading to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F P Souza
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas F Nascimento
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Jose C De-Lima-Junior
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moura
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Fioravante
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bobbo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Razolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana P Araujo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, 13084-970 - Campinas-SP, Brazil
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Clarke JR, Lyra E Silva NM, Figueiredo CP, Frozza RL, Ledo JH, Beckman D, Katashima CK, Razolli D, Carvalho BM, Frazão R, Silveira MA, Ribeiro FC, Bomfim TR, Neves FS, Klein WL, Medeiros R, LaFerla FM, Carvalheira JB, Saad MJ, Munoz DP, Velloso LA, Ferreira ST, De Felice FG. Alzheimer-associated Aβ oligomers impact the central nervous system to induce peripheral metabolic deregulation. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:190-210. [PMID: 25617315 PMCID: PMC4328648 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with peripheral metabolic disorders. Clinical/epidemiological data indicate increased risk of diabetes in AD patients. Here, we show that intracerebroventricular infusion of AD-associated Aβ oligomers (AβOs) in mice triggered peripheral glucose intolerance, a phenomenon further verified in two transgenic mouse models of AD. Systemically injected AβOs failed to induce glucose intolerance, suggesting AβOs target brain regions involved in peripheral metabolic control. Accordingly, we show that AβOs affected hypothalamic neurons in culture, inducing eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α phosphorylation (eIF2α-P). AβOs further induced eIF2α-P and activated pro-inflammatory IKKβ/NF-κB signaling in the hypothalamus of mice and macaques. AβOs failed to trigger peripheral glucose intolerance in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptor 1 knockout mice. Pharmacological inhibition of brain inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress prevented glucose intolerance in mice, indicating that AβOs act via a central route to affect peripheral glucose homeostasis. While the hypothalamus has been largely ignored in the AD field, our findings indicate that AβOs affect this brain region and reveal novel shared molecular mechanisms between hypothalamic dysfunction in metabolic disorders and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Clarke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil School of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Lyra E Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia P Figueiredo
- School of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rudimar L Frozza
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jose H Ledo
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Danielle Beckman
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos K Katashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Razolli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Carvalho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Frazão
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina A Silveira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Ribeiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Theresa R Bomfim
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Neves
- School of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jose B Carvalheira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario J Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas P Munoz
- Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Morari J, Anhe GF, Nascimento LF, de Moura RF, Razolli D, Solon C, Guadagnini D, Souza G, Mattos AH, Tobar N, Ramos CD, Pascoal VD, Saad MJ, Lopes-Cendes I, Moraes JC, Velloso LA. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is involved in the early activation of hypothalamic inflammation in experimental obesity. Diabetes 2014; 63:3770-84. [PMID: 24947351 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic inflammation is a common feature of experimental obesity. Dietary fats are important triggers of this process, inducing the activation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Microglia cells, which are the cellular components of the innate immune system in the brain, are expected to play a role in the early activation of diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation. Here, we use bone marrow transplants to generate mice chimeras that express a functional TLR4 in the entire body except in bone marrow-derived cells or only in bone marrow-derived cells. We show that a functional TLR4 in bone marrow-derived cells is required for the complete expression of the diet-induced obese phenotype and for the perpetuation of inflammation in the hypothalamus. In an obesity-prone mouse strain, the chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is rapidly induced in the neurons of the hypothalamus after the introduction of a high-fat diet. The inhibition of hypothalamic fractalkine reduces diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and the recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytic cells to the hypothalamus; in addition, this inhibition reduces obesity and protects against diet-induced glucose intolerance. Thus, fractalkine is an important player in the early induction of diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation, and its inhibition impairs the induction of the obese and glucose intolerance phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Anhe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniela Razolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Souza
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Mattos
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Natalia Tobar
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Celso D Ramos
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vinicius D Pascoal
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mario J Saad
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Moraes
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Cunha LL, Morari EC, Guihen ACT, Razolli D, Gerhard R, Nonogaki S, Soares FA, Vassallo J, Ward LS. Infiltration of a mixture of immune cells may be related to good prognosis in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012; 77:918-25. [PMID: 22738343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune responses against differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) have long been recognized. We aimed to investigate the role of immune cell infiltration in the progression of DTC. DESIGN We studied 398 patients - 253 with papillary and 13 with follicular thyroid cancers, as well as 132 with nonmalignant tissues. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Immune cell infiltration was identified using CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68 and FoxP3 immunohistochemical markers. In addition, we assessed colocalization of CD4 and IL-17 to identify Th17 lymphocytic infiltration and colocalization of CD33 and CD11b to identify infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). RESULTS Immune cells infiltrated malignant tissues more often than benign lesions. The presence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) concurrent to DTC, CD68+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, FoxP3+ and Th17 lymphocytes but not MDSCs was associated with clinical and pathological features of lower tumour aggressiveness and a more favourable patient outcome. A log-rank test confirmed an association between concurrent CLT, tumour-associated macrophage infiltration, and CD8+ lymphocytes and an increased in disease-free survival, suggesting that evidence of these immune reactions is associated with a favourable prognosis. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the tumour or peri-tumoural microenvironment may act to modify the observed pattern of immune response. Immune cell infiltration and the presence of concurrent CLT helped characterize specific tumour histotypes associated with favourable prognostic features.
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Cunha LL, Morari EC, Guihen ACT, Razolli D, Gerhard R, Nonogaki S, Soares FA, Vassallo J, Ward LS. Infiltration of a mixture of different immune cells may be related to molecular profile of differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:L31-6. [PMID: 22461634 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Cunha L, Morari E, Razolli D, Nonogaki S, Soares F, Vassallo J, Ward L. Infiltration of mixture of immune cells is associated with good prognosis in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. (127.1). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.127.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Immune responses against differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) have long been recognized but its effect on patients prognosis is a matter of debate. In order to investigate the role of immune cell infiltration in the progression of DTC, we studied 398 patients - 253 with papillary and 13 with follicular thyroid cancers, as well as 132 with nonmalignant tissues. Immune cell infiltration was identified using CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, and FoxP3 immunohistochemical markers. We colocalized CD4/IL-17 in order to identify Th17 lymphocytic infiltration. We also colocalized CD33/CD11b in order to identify myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) infiltration. Immune cells infiltrated malignant tissues more often than benign lesions. We observed a close correlation among CLT, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages and cell molecular profile, suggesting this profile may be related to antitumor immune response. The presence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT), CD68+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, FoxP3+, Th17 and MDSCs was associated with clinical and pathological features of lower tumor aggressiveness and a more favorable patient outcome. A log-rank test confirmed an association between CLT, tumor-associated macrophage infiltration, and CD8+ lymphocytes and an increased disease-free survival. In conclusion, immune cell infiltration and the presence of concurrent CLT helped characterize specific tumor histotypes and were associated with favorable prognostic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cunha
- 1Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Elaine Morari
- 1Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniela Razolli
- 2Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Suely Nonogaki
- 3Adolfo Lutz Institute, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Soares
- 4Department of Pathology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Vassallo
- 5Laboratory of Investigative and Molecular Pathology (Ciped), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Laura Ward
- 1Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
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Breder I, Coope A, Arruda AP, Razolli D, Milanski M, Dorighello GDG, de Oliveira HC, Velloso LA. Reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress—A novel mechanism of action of statins in the protection against atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:30-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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