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Speyer LG, Murray AL, Kievit R. Investigating Moderation Effects at the Within-Person Level Using Intensive Longitudinal Data: A Two-Level Dynamic Structural Equation Modelling Approach in Mplus. Multivariate Behav Res 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38356288 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2023.2288575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent technological advances have provided new opportunities for the collection of intensive longitudinal data. Using methods such as dynamic structural equation modeling, these data can provide new insights into moment-to-moment dynamics of psychological and behavioral processes. In intensive longitudinal data (t > 20), researchers often have theories that imply that factors that change from moment to moment within individuals act as moderators. For instance, a person's level of sleep deprivation may affect how much an external stressor affects mood. Here, we describe how researchers can implement, test, and interpret dynamically changing within-person moderation effects using two-level dynamic structural equation modeling as implemented in the structural equation modeling software Mplus. We illustrate the analysis of within-person moderation effects using an empirical example investigating whether changes in spending time online using social media affect the moment-to-moment effect of loneliness on depressive symptoms, and highlight avenues for future methodological development. We provide annotated Mplus code, enabling researchers to better isolate, estimate, and interpret the complexities of within-person interaction effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Gabriela Speyer
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Schweizer S, Leung JT, Trender W, Kievit R, Hampshire A, Blakemore SJ. Changes in affective control covary with changes in mental health difficulties following affective control training (AffeCT) in adolescents. Psychol Med 2024; 54:539-547. [PMID: 37609895 PMCID: PMC7615678 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Everyday affective fluctuations are more extreme and more frequent in adolescence compared to any other time in development. Successful regulation of these affective experiences is important for good mental health and has been proposed to depend on affective control. The present study examined whether improving affective control through a computerised affective control training app (AffeCT) would benefit adolescent mental health. METHODS One-hundred and ninety-nine participants (11-19 years) were assigned to complete 2 weeks of AffeCT or placebo training on an app. Affective control (i.e. affective inhibition, affective updating and affective shifting), mental health and emotion regulation were assessed at pre- and post-training. Mental health and emotion regulation were assessed again one month and one year later. RESULTS Compared with the placebo group, the AffeCT group showed significantly greater improvements in affective control on the trained measure. AffeCT did not, relative to placebo, lead to better performance on untrained measures of affective control. Pre- to post-training change in affective control covaried with pre- to post-training change in mental health problems in the AffeCT but not the placebo group. These mental health benefits of AffeCT were only observed immediately following training and did not extend to 1 month or year post-training. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the study provides preliminary evidence that AffeCT may confer short-term preventative benefits for adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schweizer
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Jovita T Leung
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, England
| | - William Trender
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, England
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3
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Blockmans L, Kievit R, Wouters J, Ghesquière P, Vandermosten M. Dynamics of cognitive predictors during reading acquisition in a sample of children overrepresented for dyslexia risk. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13412. [PMID: 37219071 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Literacy acquisition is a complex process with genetic and environmental factors influencing cognitive and neural processes associated with reading. Previous research identified factors that predict word reading fluency (WRF), including phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN), and speech-in-noise perception (SPIN). Recent theoretical accounts suggest dynamic interactions between these factors and reading, but direct investigations of such dynamics are lacking. Here, we investigated the dynamic effect of phonological processing and speech perception on WRF. More specifically, we evaluated the dynamic influence of PA, RAN, and SPIN measured in kindergarten (the year prior to formal reading instruction), first grade (the first year of formal reading instruction) and second grade on WRF in second and third grade. We also assessed the effect of an indirect proxy of family risk for reading difficulties using a parental questionnaire (Adult Reading History Questionnaire, ARHQ). We applied path modeling in a longitudinal sample of 162 Dutch-speaking children of whom the majority was selected to have an increased family and/or cognitive risk for dyslexia. We showed that parental ARHQ had a significant effect on WRF, RAN and SPIN, but unexpectedly not on PA. We also found effects of RAN and PA directly on WRF that were limited to first and second grade respectively, in contrast to previous research reporting pre-reading PA effects and prolonged RAN effects throughout reading acquisition. Our study provides important new insights into early prediction of later word reading abilities and into the optimal time window to target a specific reading-related subskill during intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Blockmans
- Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wouters
- Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pol Ghesquière
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maaike Vandermosten
- Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Fjell AM, Sørensen Ø, Wang Y, Amlien IK, Baaré WFC, Bartrés-Faz D, Bertram L, Boraxbekk CJ, Brandmaier AM, Demuth I, Drevon CA, Ebmeier KP, Ghisletta P, Kievit R, Kühn S, Madsen KS, Mowinckel AM, Nyberg L, Sexton CE, Solé-Padullés C, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Wagner G, Watne LO, Walhovd KB. No phenotypic or genotypic evidence for a link between sleep duration and brain atrophy. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:2008-2022. [PMID: 37798367 PMCID: PMC10663160 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Short sleep is held to cause poorer brain health, but is short sleep associated with higher rates of brain structural decline? Analysing 8,153 longitudinal MRIs from 3,893 healthy adults, we found no evidence for an association between sleep duration and brain atrophy. In contrast, cross-sectional analyses (51,295 observations) showed inverse U-shaped relationships, where a duration of 6.5 (95% confidence interval, (5.7, 7.3)) hours was associated with the thickest cortex and largest volumes relative to intracranial volume. This fits converging evidence from research on mortality, health and cognition that points to roughly seven hours being associated with good health. Genome-wide association analyses suggested that genes associated with longer sleep for below-average sleepers were linked to shorter sleep for above-average sleepers. Mendelian randomization did not yield evidence for causal impacts of sleep on brain structure. The combined results challenge the notion that habitual short sleep causes brain atrophy, suggesting that normal brains promote adequate sleep duration-which is shorter than current recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pii Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars Bertram
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Biology of Aging Working Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas AS, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Athanasia M Mowinckel
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Claire E Sexton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pii Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Blott LM, Gowenlock AE, Kievit R, Nation K, Rodd JM. Studying Individual Differences in Language Comprehension: The Challenges of Item-Level Variability and Well-Matched Control Conditions. J Cogn 2023; 6:54. [PMID: 37692192 PMCID: PMC10487189 DOI: 10.5334/joc.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Translating experimental tasks that were designed to investigate differences between conditions at the group-level into valid and reliable instruments to measure individual differences in cognitive skills is challenging (Hedge et al., 2018; Rouder et al., 2019; Rouder & Haaf, 2019). For psycholinguists, the additional complexities associated with selecting or constructing language stimuli, and the need for appropriate well-matched baseline conditions make this endeavour particularly complex. In a typical experiment, a process-of-interest (e.g. ambiguity resolution) is targeted by contrasting performance in an experimental condition with performance in a well-matched control condition. In many cases, careful between-condition matching precludes the same participant from encountering all stimulus items. Unfortunately, solutions that work for group-level research (e.g. constructing counterbalanced experiment versions) are inappropriate for individual-differences designs. As a case study, we report an ambiguity resolution experiment that illustrates the steps that researchers can take to address this issue and assess whether their measurement instrument is both valid and reliable. On the basis of our findings, we caution against the widespread approach of using datasets from group-level studies to also answer important questions about individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena M. Blott
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Anna E. Gowenlock
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Nation
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer M. Rodd
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, UK
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Fjell AM, Sørensen Ø, Wang Y, Amlien IK, Baaré WFC, Bartrés-Faz D, Boraxbekk CJ, Brandmaier AM, Demuth I, Drevon CA, Ebmeier KP, Ghisletta P, Kievit R, Kühn S, Madsen KS, Nyberg L, Solé-Padullés C, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Wagner G, Watne LO, Walhovd KB. Is Short Sleep Bad for the Brain? Brain Structure and Cognitive Function in Short Sleepers. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5241-5250. [PMID: 37365003 PMCID: PMC10342221 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2330-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many sleep less than recommended without experiencing daytime sleepiness. According to prevailing views, short sleep increases risk of lower brain health and cognitive function. Chronic mild sleep deprivation could cause undetected sleep debt, negatively affecting cognitive function and brain health. However, it is possible that some have less sleep need and are more resistant to negative effects of sleep loss. We investigated this using a cross-sectional and longitudinal sample of 47,029 participants of both sexes (20-89 years) from the Lifebrain consortium, Human Connectome project (HCP) and UK Biobank (UKB), with measures of self-reported sleep, including 51,295 MRIs of the brain and cognitive tests. A total of 740 participants who reported to sleep <6 h did not experience daytime sleepiness or sleep problems/disturbances interfering with falling or staying asleep. These short sleepers showed significantly larger regional brain volumes than both short sleepers with daytime sleepiness and sleep problems (n = 1742) and participants sleeping the recommended 7-8 h (n = 3886). However, both groups of short sleepers showed slightly lower general cognitive function (GCA), 0.16 and 0.19 SDs, respectively. Analyses using accelerometer-estimated sleep duration confirmed the findings, and the associations remained after controlling for body mass index, depression symptoms, income, and education. The results suggest that some people can cope with less sleep without obvious negative associations with brain morphometry and that sleepiness and sleep problems may be more related to brain structural differences than duration. However, the slightly lower performance on tests of general cognitive abilities warrants closer examination in natural settings.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Short habitual sleep is prevalent, with unknown consequences for brain health and cognitive performance. Here, we show that daytime sleepiness and sleep problems are more strongly related to regional brain volumes than sleep duration. However, participants sleeping ≤6 h had slightly lower scores on tests of general cognitive function (GCA). This indicates that sleep need is individual and that sleep duration per se is very weakly if at all related brain health, while daytime sleepiness and sleep problems may show somewhat stronger associations. The association between habitual short sleep and lower scores on tests of general cognitive abilities must be further scrutinized in natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2020 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Biology of Aging working group, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas AS, The Science Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus P Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- UniDistance Suisse, 3900 Brig, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, 1799 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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7
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Budin‐Ljøsne I, Friedman BB, Baaré WFC, Bartrés‐Faz D, Carver RB, Drevon CA, Ebmeier KP, Fjell AM, Ghisletta P, Henson RN, Kievit R, Madsen KS, Nawijn L, Suri S, Solé‐Padullés C, Walhovd KB, Zsoldos E. Stakeholder engagement in European brain research: Experiences of the Lifebrain consortium. Health Expect 2023; 26:1318-1326. [PMID: 36989126 PMCID: PMC10154816 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stakeholder engagement remains scarce in basic brain research. However, it can greatly improve the relevance of investigations and accelerate the translation of study findings to policy. The Lifebrain consortium investigated risk and protective factors influencing brain health using cognition, lifestyle and imaging data from European cohorts. Stakeholder activities of Lifebrain-organized in a separate work package-included organizing stakeholder events, investigating public perceptions of brain health and dissemination. Here, we describe the experiences of researchers and stakeholders regarding stakeholder engagement in the Lifebrain project. METHODS Stakeholder engagement in Lifebrain was evaluated through surveys among researchers and stakeholders and stakeholders' feedback at stakeholder events through evaluation forms. Survey data were analysed using a simple content analysis approach, and results from evaluation forms were summarized after reviewing the frequency of responses. RESULTS Consortium researchers and stakeholders experienced the engagement activities as meaningful and relevant. Researchers highlighted that it made the research and research processes more visible and contributed to new networks, optimized data collection on brain health perceptions and the production of papers and provided insights into stakeholder views. Stakeholders found research activities conducted in the stakeholder engagement work package to be within their field of interest and research results relevant to their work. Researchers identified barriers to stakeholder engagement, including lack of time, difficulties in identifying relevant stakeholders, and challenges in communicating complex scientific issues in lay language and maintaining relationships with stakeholders over time. Stakeholders identified barriers such as lack of budget, limited resources in their organization, time constraints and insufficient communication between researchers and stakeholders. CONCLUSION Stakeholder engagement in basic brain research can greatly benefit researchers and stakeholders alike. Its success is conditional on dedicated human and financial resources, clear communication, transparent mutual expectations and clear roles and responsibilities. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Patient organizations, research networks, policymakers and members of the general public were involved in engagement and research activities throughout the project duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara B. Friedman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and CognitionUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - William F. C. Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and HvidovreCopenhagenDenmark
| | - David Bartrés‐Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rebecca B. Carver
- Department of CommunicationsNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Christian A. Drevon
- Vitas ASOsloNorway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Klaus P. Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Warneford HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Anders M. Fjell
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and CognitionUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Methodology and Data Analysis Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Faculty Council of the Faculty of PsychologyUniDistance SuisseBrigSwitzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVESUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Richard N. Henson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Rogier Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cognitive Neuroscience DepartmentDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Kathrine S. Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and HvidovreCopenhagenDenmark
- Radiography, Department of TechnologyUniversity College CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Laura Nawijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Warneford HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Cristina Solé‐Padullés
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Kristine B. Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and CognitionUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Enikő Zsoldos
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Warneford HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Speyer LG, Ushakova A, Blakemore SJ, Murray AL, Kievit R. Testing for Within × Within and Between × Within Moderation using Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models. Struct Equ Modeling 2023; 30:315-327. [PMID: 37937063 PMCID: PMC7615284 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/wktrb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models allow for the decomposition of measurements into between- and within-person components and have hence become popular for testing developmental hypotheses. Here, we describe how developmental researchers can implement, test and interpret interaction effects in such models using an empirical example from developmental psychopathology research. We illustrate the analysis of Within × Within and Between × Within interactions utilising data from the United Kingdom-based Millennium Cohort Study within a Bayesian Structural Equation Modelling framework. We provide annotated Mplus code, allowing users to isolate, estimate and interpret the complexities of within-person and between person dynamics as they unfold over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Gabriela Speyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Ushakova
- Center for Health Informatics, Computing and Statistics, University of Lancaster Medical School, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aja Louise Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rogier Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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9
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Anvari F, Kievit R, Lakens D, Pennington CR, Przybylski AK, Tiokhin L, Wiernik BM, Orben A. Not All Effects Are Indispensable: Psychological Science Requires Verifiable Lines of Reasoning for Whether an Effect Matters. Perspect Psychol Sci 2023; 18:503-507. [PMID: 35994751 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221091565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To help move researchers away from heuristically dismissing "small" effects as unimportant, recent articles have revisited arguments to defend why seemingly small effect sizes in psychological science matter. One argument is based on the idea that an observed effect size may increase in impact when generalized to a new context because of processes of accumulation over time or application to large populations. However, the field is now in danger of heuristically accepting all effects as potentially important. We aim to encourage researchers to think thoroughly about the various mechanisms that may both amplify and counteract the importance of an observed effect size. Researchers should draw on the multiple amplifying and counteracting mechanisms that are likely to simultaneously apply to the effect when that effect is being generalized to a new and likely more dynamic context. In this way, researchers should aim to transparently provide verifiable lines of reasoning to justify their claims about an effect's importance or unimportance. This transparency can help move psychological science toward a more rigorous assessment of when psychological findings matter for the contexts that researchers want to generalize to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Anvari
- Social and Economic Cognition III, Social Cognition Center Cologne, Department of Psychology, University of Cologne
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Daniël Lakens
- Human Technology Interaction Group, Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology
| | | | | | - Leo Tiokhin
- Human Technology Interaction Group, Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology
| | | | - Amy Orben
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge
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10
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King DLO, Henson RN, Kievit R, Wolpe N, Brayne C, Tyler LK, Rowe JB, Tsvetanov KA. Distinct components of cardiovascular health are linked with age-related differences in cognitive abilities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:978. [PMID: 36653428 PMCID: PMC9849401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular ageing contributes to cognitive impairment. However, the unique and synergistic contributions of multiple cardiovascular factors to cognitive function remain unclear because they are often condensed into a single composite score or examined in isolation. We hypothesized that vascular risk factors, electrocardiographic features and blood pressure indices reveal multiple latent vascular factors, with independent contributions to cognition. In a population-based deep-phenotyping study (n = 708, age 18-88), path analysis revealed three latent vascular factors dissociating the autonomic nervous system response from two components of blood pressure. These three factors made unique and additive contributions to the variability in crystallized and fluid intelligence. The discrepancy in fluid relative to crystallized intelligence, indicative of cognitive decline, was associated with a latent vascular factor predominantly expressing pulse pressure. This suggests that higher pulse pressure is associated with cognitive decline from expected performance. The effect was stronger in older adults. Controlling pulse pressure may help to preserve cognition, particularly in older adults. Our findings highlight the need to better understand the multifactorial nature of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L O King
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK.
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB23 6HT, UK.
| | - Richard N Henson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Donders Research Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Noham Wolpe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Stanley Steer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Public Health, Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Lorraine K Tyler
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB23 6HT, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Kamen A Tsvetanov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB23 6HT, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
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11
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Astle DE, Holmes J, Kievit R, Gathercole SE. Annual Research Review: The transdiagnostic revolution in neurodevelopmental disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:397-417. [PMID: 34296774 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Practitioners frequently use diagnostic criteria to identify children with neurodevelopmental disorders and to guide intervention decisions. These criteria also provide the organising framework for much of the research focussing on these disorders. Study design, recruitment, analysis and theory are largely built on the assumption that diagnostic criteria reflect an underlying reality. However, there is growing concern that this assumption may not be a valid and that an alternative transdiagnostic approach may better serve our understanding of this large heterogeneous population of young people. This review draws on important developments over the past decade that have set the stage for much-needed breakthroughs in understanding neurodevelopmental disorders. We evaluate contemporary approaches to study design and recruitment, review the use of data-driven methods to characterise cognition, behaviour and neurobiology, and consider what alternative transdiagnostic models could mean for children and families. This review concludes that an overreliance on ill-fitting diagnostic criteria is impeding progress towards identifying the barriers that children encounter, understanding underpinning mechanisms and finding the best route to supporting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan E Astle
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joni Holmes
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rogier Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan E Gathercole
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Nyberg L, Magnussen F, Lundquist A, Baaré W, Bartrés-Faz D, Bertram L, Boraxbekk CJ, Brandmaier AM, Drevon CA, Ebmeier K, Ghisletta P, Henson RN, Junqué C, Kievit R, Kleemeyer M, Knights E, Kühn S, Lindenberger U, Penninx BWJH, Pudas S, Sørensen Ø, Vaqué-Alcázar L, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM. Educational attainment does not influence brain aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101644118. [PMID: 33903255 PMCID: PMC8106299 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101644118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Education has been related to various advantageous lifetime outcomes. Here, using longitudinal structural MRI data (4,422 observations), we tested the influential hypothesis that higher education translates into slower rates of brain aging. Cross-sectionally, education was modestly associated with regional cortical volume. However, despite marked mean atrophy in the cortex and hippocampus, education did not influence rates of change. The results were replicated across two independent samples. Our findings challenge the view that higher education slows brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Magnussen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - William Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars Bertram
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - C J Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas AS, Research Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medicine/University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Ebmeier
- Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education, Université de Genève, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard N Henson
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Carme Junqué
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maike Kleemeyer
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ethan Knights
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Pudas
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lídia Vaqué-Alcázar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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13
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Fjell AM, Sørensen Ø, Amlien IK, Bartrés-Faz D, Bros DM, Buchmann N, Demuth I, Drevon CA, Düzel S, Ebmeier KP, Idland AV, Kietzmann TC, Kievit R, Kühn S, Lindenberger U, Mowinckel AM, Nyberg L, Price D, Sexton CE, Solé-Padullés C, Pudas S, Sederevicius D, Suri S, Wagner G, Watne LO, Westerhausen R, Zsoldos E, Walhovd KB. Self-reported sleep relates to hippocampal atrophy across the adult lifespan: results from the Lifebrain consortium. Sleep 2021; 43:5628807. [PMID: 31738420 PMCID: PMC7215271 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Poor sleep is associated with multiple age-related neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions. The hippocampus plays a special role in sleep and sleep-dependent cognition, and accelerated hippocampal atrophy is typically seen with higher age. Hence, it is critical to establish how the relationship between sleep and hippocampal volume loss unfolds across the adult lifespan. Methods Self-reported sleep measures and MRI-derived hippocampal volumes were obtained from 3105 cognitively normal participants (18–90 years) from major European brain studies in the Lifebrain consortium. Hippocampal volume change was estimated from 5116 MRIs from 1299 participants for whom longitudinal MRIs were available, followed up to 11 years with a mean interval of 3.3 years. Cross-sectional analyses were repeated in a sample of 21,390 participants from the UK Biobank. Results No cross-sectional sleep—hippocampal volume relationships were found. However, worse sleep quality, efficiency, problems, and daytime tiredness were related to greater hippocampal volume loss over time, with high scorers showing 0.22% greater annual loss than low scorers. The relationship between sleep and hippocampal atrophy did not vary across age. Simulations showed that the observed longitudinal effects were too small to be detected as age-interactions in the cross-sectional analyses. Conclusions Worse self-reported sleep is associated with higher rates of hippocampal volume decline across the adult lifespan. This suggests that sleep is relevant to understand individual differences in hippocampal atrophy, but limited effect sizes call for cautious interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Maciá Bros
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikolaus Buchmann
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Germany
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas AS, Research Park, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349, Oslo and 6 University of Oslo, Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medicine/University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Düzel
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany
| | | | - Ane-Victoria Idland
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Tim C Kietzmann
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Rogier Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Simone Kühn
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Darren Price
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire E Sexton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK.,Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Pudas
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - René Westerhausen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Enikő Zsoldos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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14
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Rommelse N, Luman M, Kievit R. Slow processing speed: a cross-disorder phenomenon with significant clinical value, and in need of further methodological scrutiny. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1325-1327. [PMID: 32915272 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Rommelse
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Luman
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Levvel Specialists in Youth and Family Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Schweizer S, Leung JT, Kievit R, Speekenbrink M, Trender W, Hampshire A, Blakemore SJ. Protocol for an app-based affective control training for adolescents: proof-of-principle double-blind randomized controlled trial. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:91. [PMID: 31289755 PMCID: PMC6600858 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15229.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 03/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: 75% of all mental health problems have their onset before the end of adolescence. Therefore, adolescence may be a particularly sensitive time period for preventing mental health problems. Affective control, the capacity to engage with goal relevant and inhibit distracting information in affective contexts, has been proposed as a potential target for prevention. In this study, we will explore the impact of improving adolescents' affective control capacity on their mental health. Methods: The proof-of-principle double-blind randomized controlled trial will compare the effectiveness of an app-based affective control training (AffeCT) to a placebo training (P-Training) app. In total, 200 (~50% females) adolescents (11-19 years) will train for 14 days on their training app. The AffeCT will include three different n-back tasks: visuospatial, auditory and dual (i.e., including both modalities). These tasks require participants to flexibly engage and disengage with affective and neutral stimuli (i.e., faces and words). The P-Training will present participants with a perceptual matching task. The three versions of the P-Training tasks vary in the stimuli included (i.e., shapes, words and faces). The two training groups will be compared on gains in affective control, mental health, emotion regulation and self-regulation, immediately after training, one month and one year after training. Discussion: If, as predicted, the proposed study finds that AffeCT successfully improves affective control in adolescents, there would be significant potential benefits to adolescent mental health. As a free app, the training would also be scalable and easy to disseminate across a wide range of settings. Trial registration: The trial was registered on December 10th 2018 with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (Registration number: ISRCTN17213032).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schweizer
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jovita T. Leung
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rogier Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - William Trender
- Department of Medicine & Centre for Neurotechnology Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial Collge London, London, UK
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Department of Medicine & Centre for Neurotechnology Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial Collge London, London, UK
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16
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Schweizer S, Leung JT, Kievit R, Speekenbrink M, Trender W, Hampshire A, Blakemore SJ. Protocol for an app-based affective control training for adolescents: proof-of-principle double-blind randomized controlled trial. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:91. [PMID: 31289755 PMCID: PMC6600858 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15229.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 75% of all mental health problems have their onset before the end of adolescence. Therefore, adolescence may be a particularly sensitive time period for preventing mental health problems. Affective control, the capacity to engage with goal relevant and inhibit distracting information in affective contexts, has been proposed as a potential target for prevention. In this study, we will explore the impact of improving adolescents’ affective control capacity on their mental health. Methods: The proof-of-principle double-blind randomized controlled trial will compare the effectiveness of an app-based affective control training (AffeCT) to a placebo training (P-Training) app. In total, 200 (~50% females) adolescents (11-19 years) will train for 14 days on their training app. The AffeCT will include three different
n-back tasks: visuospatial, auditory and dual (i.e., including both modalities). These tasks require participants to flexibly engage and disengage with affective and neutral stimuli (i.e., faces and words). The P-Training will present participants with a perceptual matching task. The three versions of the P-Training tasks vary in the stimuli included (i.e., shapes, words and faces). The two training groups will be compared on gains in affective control, mental health, emotion regulation and self-regulation, immediately after training, one month and one year after training. Discussion: If, as predicted, the proposed study finds that AffeCT successfully improves affective control in adolescents, there would be significant potential benefits to adolescent mental health. As a free app, the training would also be scalable and easy to disseminate across a wide range of settings. Trial registration: The trial was registered on December 10th 2018 with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (Registration number:
ISRCTN17213032).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schweizer
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jovita T Leung
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rogier Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - William Trender
- Department of Medicine & Centre for Neurotechnology Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial Collge London, London, UK
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Department of Medicine & Centre for Neurotechnology Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial Collge London, London, UK
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17
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Chan D, Shafto M, Kievit R, Matthews F, Spink M, Valenzuela M, Henson RN. Lifestyle activities in mid-life contribute to cognitive reserve in late-life, independent of education, occupation, and late-life activities. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:180-183. [PMID: 30025291 PMCID: PMC6805221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that mid-life intellectual, physical, and social activities contribute to cognitive reserve (CR). Two hundred five individuals (196 with magnetic resonance imaging) aged 66-88 years from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (www.cam-can.com) were studied, with cognitive ability and structural brain health measured as fluid IQ and total gray matter volume, respectively. Mid-life activities (MAs) were measured using the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression found that MAs made a unique contribution to late-life cognitive ability independent of education, occupation, and late-life activities. Crucially, MAs moderated the relationship between late-life cognitive ability and brain health, with the cognitive ability of people with higher MA less dependent on their brain structure, consistent with the concept of CR. In conclusion, MAs contribute uniquely to CR. The modifiability of these activities has implications for public health initiatives aimed at dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Chan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Rogier Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Matthews
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Molly Spink
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Valenzuela
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rik N Henson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
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