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Zhi YZ, Cao L, Ying DJ, Dou WJ, Gu R, Zhang JJ. [Incidence of hypogammaglobulinaemia in children with steroid-dependent/frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome treated with rituximab and its association with severe infections]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 104:433-439. [PMID: 38326055 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230914-00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) in children with steroid-dependent/frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (SDNS/FRNS) treated with rituximab (RTX), and its relationship with the risk of severe infections. Methods: The clinical data of children with SDNS/FRNS treated with RTX at the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. RTX treatment was performed using a B-cell-guided regimen (a single dose of 375 mg/m2, a maximum of 500 mg/dose, and an additional one dose when reassessment of peripheral blood CD19+B cells≥1%). Patients were divided into HGG and non-HGG groups according to the presence or absence of HGG during the follow-up period. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of HGG, and the predictive value of each influencing factor on HGG was assessed by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: A total of 59 SDNS/FRNS children (48 males and 11 females) were included, and aged [M (Q1, Q3)] 9.4 (6.5, 12.2) years at the time of the first RTX treatment, with a median application of 3 (2, 4) doses of RTX. During the follow-up period of 15.5 (9.9, 22.8) months, the HGG was present in 16 (27.1%) children, of which seven persisted for more than 1 year. Compared with non-HGG group, HGG group had a shorter duration of the disease [3.3 (2.1, 3.6) vs 4.6 (2.4, 8.0) years, P=0.030], younger age at the time of the first RTX treatment [6.2 (5.6, 7.4) vs 11.3 (8.8, 13.3) years, P<0.001], and lower serum IgG levels [5.9 (4.9, 6.4) vs 7.5 (6.1, 8.2) g/L, P<0.001]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that young age at the time of the first RTX treatment (OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.35-0.78, P=0.002) was an influencing factor of HGG. The area under the curve (AUC) for age at first RTX treatment to predict HGG was 0.887 (95%CI: 0.778-0.955, P<0.001), with an optimal cut-off value of 8.3 years. During the follow-up period, six children (10.2%) developed severe infectious, and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of serious infections between the HGG and non-HGG groups [12.5% (2/16) vs 9.3% (4/43), P=1.000]. Conclusions: HGG is frequent in children with SDNS/FRNS treated with RTX, and nearly half of HGG persists for more than 1 year. The possibility of HGG is greater in those≤8.3 years at the first RTX treatment, but HGG does not increase the risk of severe infections in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Zhi
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Pediatric Kidney Disease of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - L Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Pediatric Kidney Disease of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - D J Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Pediatric Kidney Disease of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - W J Dou
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Pediatric Kidney Disease of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - R Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Pediatric Kidney Disease of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - J J Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Pediatric Kidney Disease of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Zhang M, Fu X, Gu R, Zhao B, Zhao X, Song H, Zheng H, Xu J, Bai W. A novel starch-active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase discovered with bioinformatics screening and its application in textile desizing. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38200466 PMCID: PMC10782670 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) catalyzing the oxidative cleavage of different types of polysaccharides have potential to be used in various industries. However, AA13 family LPMOs which specifically catalyze starch substrates have relatively less members than AA9 and AA10 families to limit their application range. Amylase has been used in enzymatic desizing treatment of cotton fabric for semicentury which urgently need for new assistant enzymes to improve reaction efficiency and reduce cost so as to promote their application in the textile industry. RESULTS A total of 380 unannotated new genes which probably encode AA13 family LPMOs were discovered by the Hidden Markov model scanning in this study. Ten of them have been successfully heterologous overexpressed. AlLPMO13 with the highest activity has been purified and determined its optimum pH and temperature as pH 5.0 and 50 °C. It also showed various oxidative activities on different substrates (modified corn starch > amylose > amylopectin > corn starch). The results of enzymatic textile desizing application showed that the best combination of amylase (5 g/L), AlLPMO13 (5 mg/L), and H2O2 (3 g/L) made the desizing level and the capillary effects increased by 3 grades and more than 20%, respectively, compared with the results treated by only amylase. CONCLUSION The Hidden Markov model constructed basing on 34 AA13 family LPMOs was proved to be a valid bioinformatics tool for discovering novel starch-active LPMOs. The novel enzyme AlLPMO13 has strong development potential in the enzymatic textile industry both concerning on economy and on application effect.
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Grants
- 145209322 Heilongjiang Province Fundamental Research Funds
- 2021YFC2100405 National Key Research and Development Program of China
- 2021YFC2100405 National Key Research and Development Program of China
- TSBICIP-CXRC-037, TSBICIP-KJGG-009-0202, and TSBICIP-PTJJ-007-13 Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project
- TSBICIP-CXRC-037, TSBICIP-KJGG-009-0202, and TSBICIP-PTJJ-007-13 Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project
- TSBICIP-CXRC-037, TSBICIP-KJGG-009-0202, and TSBICIP-PTJJ-007-13 Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project
- TSBICIP-CXRC-037, TSBICIP-KJGG-009-0202, and TSBICIP-PTJJ-007-13 Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project
- TSBICIP-CXRC-037, TSBICIP-KJGG-009-0202, and TSBICIP-PTJJ-007-13 Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project
- TSBICIP-CXRC-037, TSBICIP-KJGG-009-0202, and TSBICIP-PTJJ-007-13 Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xiaoping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Bohua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xingya Zhao
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Hui Song
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Hongchen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Wenqin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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Ling J, Gu R, Liu L, Chu R, Wu J, Zhong R, Ye S, Liu J, Fan S. Versatile Design of Organic Polymeric Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy of Prostate Cancer. ACS Mater Au 2024; 4:14-29. [PMID: 38221923 PMCID: PMC10786136 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Radical prostatectomy is a primary treatment option for localized prostate cancer (PCa), although high rates of recurrence are commonly observed postsurgery. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has demonstrated efficacy in treating nonmetastatic localized PCa with a low incidence of adverse events. However, its limited efficacy remains a concern. To address these issues, various organic polymeric nanoparticles (OPNPs) loaded with photosensitizers (PSs) that target prostate cancer have been developed. However, further optimization of the OPNP design is necessary to maximize the effectiveness of PDT and improve its clinical applicability. This Review provides an overview of the design, preparation, methodology, and oncological aspects of OPNP-based PDT for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Ling
- Department
of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province
Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- College
of Science & School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- School
of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural
University, 130 Changjiang
West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ruixi Chu
- College
of Science & School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Junchao Wu
- Department
of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province
Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Rongfang Zhong
- Department
of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province
Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- College
of Science & School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Inner
Mongolia University Hohhot, Inner
Mongolia 010021, China
- Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- DICP-Surrey
Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process
Engineering and Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guilford,
Surrey GU27XH, U.K.
| | - Song Fan
- Department
of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province
Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
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Wen L, Xue L, Dong C, Wang X, Chen T, Jiang Y, Gu R, Zheng P, Li H, Shan Y, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Yin X, Liu H, Gao J, Wu Z, Wang T, Herrmann H, Wang W. Reduced atmospheric sulfate enhances fine particulate nitrate formation in eastern China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165303. [PMID: 37419351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) is a major component of atmospheric fine particles. Recent studies in eastern China have shown the increasing trend of NO3- in contrast to the ongoing control of nitrogen oxide (NOx). Here, we elucidate the effects of reduced sulfur dioxide (SO2) on the enhancement of NO3- formation based on field measurements at the summit of Mt. Tai (1534 m a.s.l.) and present detailed modelling analyses. From 2007 to 2018, the measured springtime concentrations of various primary pollutants and fine sulfate (SO42-) decreased sharply (-16.4 % to -89.7 %), whereas fine NO3- concentration increased by 22.8 %. The elevated NO3- levels cannot be explained by the changes in meteorological conditions or other related parameters but were primarily attributed to the considerable reduction in SO42- concentrations (-73.4 %). Results from a multi-phase chemical box model indicated that the reduced SO42- levels decreased the aerosol acidity and prompted the partitioning of HNO3 into the aerosol phase. WRF-Chem model analyses suggest that such a negative effect is a regional phenomenon throughout the planetary boundary layer over eastern China in spring. This study provides new insights into the worsening situation of NO3- aerosol pollution and has important implications for controlling haze pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Can Dong
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Tianshu Chen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Penggang Zheng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Hongyong Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ye Shan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yujiao Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Taishan National Reference Climatological Station, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Xiangkun Yin
- Taishan National Reference Climatological Station, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Hengde Liu
- Taishan National Reference Climatological Station, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 99907, Hong Kong
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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Liu S, Liu S, Yu Z, Zhou W, Zheng M, Gu R, Hong J, Yang Z, Chi X, Guo G, Li X, Chen N, Huang S, Wang S, Chen JL. STAT3 regulates antiviral immunity by suppressing excessive interferon signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112806. [PMID: 37440406 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study identifies interleukin-6 (IL-6)-independent phosphorylation of STAT3 Y705 at the early stage of infection with several viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV). Such activation of STAT3 is dependent on the retinoic acid-induced gene I/mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein/spleen tyrosine kinase (RIG-I/MAVS/Syk) axis and critical for antiviral immunity. We generate STAT3Y705F/+ knockin mice that display a remarkably suppressed antiviral response to IAV infection, as evidenced by impaired expression of several antiviral genes, severe lung tissue injury, and poor survival compared with wild-type animals. Mechanistically, STAT3 Y705 phosphorylation restrains IAV pathogenesis by repressing excessive production of interferons (IFNs). Blocking phosphorylation significantly augments the expression of type I and III IFNs, potentiating the virulence of IAV in mice. Importantly, knockout of IFNAR1 or IFNLR1 in STAT3Y705F/+ mice protects the animals from lung injury and reduces viral load. The results indicate that activation of STAT3 by Y705 phosphorylation is vital for establishment of effective antiviral immunity by suppressing excessive IFN signaling induced by viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Siya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ziding Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meichun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinxuan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guijie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Na Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
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Zhang Z, Xie M, Dai X, Duan Z, Lu Z, Cai L, Gu R, Shen L, Xu Z, Yao W, Liu Y, Liao M, Shi H. The prognostic value and economic benefits of coronary angiography-derived fractional flow reserve-guided strategy in patients with coronary artery disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17464. [PMID: 37416633 PMCID: PMC10320262 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the prognostic value and economic benefit of coronary angiography-derived fractional flow reserve (caFFR) guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods All patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent coronary angiography in our center between April 2021 and November 2021 were retrospectively enrolled and divided into the caFFR guidance group (n = 160) and angiography guidance group (n = 211). A threshold of caFFR≤0.8 was used for revascularization. Otherwise, delayed PCI was preferred. The patients were prospectively followed up by telephone or outpatient service at six months for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) of all-cause death, myocardial infarction or target vessel revascularization, stent thrombosis, and stroke. All in-hospital expenses were recorded, including initial hospitalization and re-hospitalization related to MACE. Results There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups. There were 2 (1.2%) patients in the caFFR guidance group and 5 (2.4%) patients in the angiography guidance group with MACE events during the following six months. Compared with angiography guidance, caFFR guidance reduced the revascularization rate (63.7% vs. 84.4%, p = 0.000), the average length of stents implanted (0.52 ± 0.88 vs. 1.1 ± 1.4, P < 0.001). The cost of consumables in the caFFR guidance group was significantly lower than that in the angiography guidance group (33257 ± 19595 CNY vs. 38341 ± 16485 CNY, P < 0.05). Conclusion Compared with coronary angiography guidance, caFFR guidance is of great significance in reducing revascularization and cost, which has significant health and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, 200094, China
| | - Mengshi Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, 200094, China
| | - Xixi Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, 200094, China
| | - Zhiyong Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, 200094, China
| | - Zhiren Lu
- Medical Emergency Center of Baoshan District, Shanghai, 201901, China
| | - Liangyin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Wusong Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200094, China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, 200094, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, 200094, China
| | - Zhong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, 200094, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, 200094, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, 200094, China
| | - Minlei Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, 200094, China
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, 200094, China
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7
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Gu R, Wang YP, Ye WS, Shao JY, Xue CR, Bai D. [Study on long-term morphological stability of three-dimensional-printed photosensitive resin dental models]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 58:271-276. [PMID: 36854429 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20220529-00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To study the long-term morphological stability of three-dimensional (3D) printed photosensitive resin dental models under natural light and dark conditions. Methods: Eighty sets of resin dental models were made by the desktop 3D printer from one digital standard model set, and randomly divided into two groups, namely natural light group (40 sets) and dark group (40 sets). All resin models were stored in sealed bags, with 4 model sets from each group randomly collected after 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 40, 60, or 90 days of storage and 3D scanned using an optical model scanner. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) was calculated to represent the mean deviation of the difference between the digital standard model and the scanned resin model. Meanwhile, three linear indexes (the width between the canines, the width between the first molars, and the arch length) of the resin dental model were measured and compared with the corresponding values of the standard model. RMSE and the linear measurements between the digital standard model and the scanned resin models were compared between the natural light group and the dark group and among models from different time points. Results: Compared with the digital standard model, the RMSE values of 96.9% (155/160) resin dental models were less than 0.1 mm within 90-day storage. Also, at the same time point, there was no significant difference in the RMSE between the natural light group and the dark group (P>0.05). 75.0% (360/480) of the absolute values of the linear differences (differences in inter-canine width, intra-molar width, and arch length between the digital standard model and the scanned resin model) were within 0.2 mm, and about 0.1% (3/480) of the linear differences were greater than 0.5 mm, and all of the linear differences were within 0.6 mm. Conclusions: 3D-printed resin dental models can be stored stably under natural light and dark conditions for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 6 10041, China
| | - Y P Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 6 10041, China
| | - W S Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 6 10041, China
| | - J Y Shao
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 6 10041, China
| | - C R Xue
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 6 10041, China
| | - D Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 6 10041, China
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8
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Wang H, Wang J, Geng C, Wang C, Gu R, Zhu Z. A variant rs6214 within IGF-1 confers risk for ulcerative colitis in Chinese Han populations. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 23:1. [PMID: 36520299 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been found to correlate with various diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases including ulcerative colitis (UC). The present study aimed to investigate the plausible association of rs6214 (C > T) within IGF-1 and UC susceptibility in Chinese Han populations. A total of 977 UC patients and 1029 healthy controls were enrolled, and rs6214 was genotyped with PCR and direct sequencing on the ABI 3730XL DNA analyzer platform. Logistic regression analysis was applied for the correlation of rs6214 and UC susceptibility via calculation of odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) adjusted for age and sex under different genetic models. The difference of clinical parameters between genotypes was measured by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Additional functional assays were conducted to establish the probable relationship. The results indicated that the T allele of rs6214 showed roughly 37% greater risk for UC risk in the additive model (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.21-1.55, P < 0.000001) when compared with C allele carriers, and the pattern was similar in other three genetic models. Further stratified analysis suggested that the association was particularly noteworthy in UC patients with extensive colitis and severe condition. Moreover, the blood level of IGF-1 was downregulated in UC patients, and the mRNA level was lower in T allele carriers in rectal tissues of UC cases. Additional luciferase assay demonstrated that rs6214 regulates IGF-1 expression via promoting miR-2053. Collectively, rs6214 increased UC susceptibility and suppresses IGF-1 expression by enhancing miR-2053 binding. The current findings provided evidence that rs6214 is a promising biomarker for UC prediction and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Wang
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Pathology, Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Chunsong Geng
- Department of Laboratory, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Pathology, Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Zhansheng Zhu
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Pathology, Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
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9
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Cao X, Zhao Z, Kang Y, Tian Y, Song Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Wang X, Chen Z, Zheng C, Tian L, Yin P, Fang Y, Zhang M, He Y, Zhang Z, Weintraub WS, Zhou M, Wang Z, Cao X, Zhao Z, Kang Y, Tian Y, Song Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Wang X, Chen Z, Zheng C, Tian L, Chen L, Cai J, Hu Z, Zhou H, Gu R, Huang Y, Yin P, Fang Y, Zhang M, He Y, Zhang Z, Weintraub WS, Zhou M, Wang Z. The burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to high systolic blood pressure across China, 2005–18: a population-based study. The Lancet Public Health 2022; 7:e1027-e1040. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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10
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Wan C, Guo Y, Chen X, Gu R, Shi J, Li Y. Benzyne Polyfunctionalization via a Tandem C–C σ-Bond Insertion and Photo-Nazarov Cyclization. Org Lett 2022; 24:7276-7281. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caiwen Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Yueyin Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Chen J, Wang X, Zhang J, Li M, Li H, Liu Z, Bi Y, Wu D, Yin X, Gu R, Jiang Y, Shan Y, Zhao Y, Xue L, Wang W. Particulate organic nitrates at Mount Tai in winter and spring: Variation characteristics and effects of mountain-valley breezes and elevated emission sources. Environ Res 2022; 212:113182. [PMID: 35367431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Particulate organic nitrates, among the major components of secondary organic aerosols and fine particles, play important roles in regional nitrogen cycle, ozone budget, and cloud condensation nuclei formation. However, the pollution characteristics of particulate organic nitrates at mountain areas and the effects of anthropogenic pollutant transport remain poorly understood. In this study, field sampling and measurements were conducted at a high-elevation mountain site over North China Plain in winter and spring. Total five kinds of particulate organic nitrates in fine particles were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. The average total concentrations of particulate organic nitrates were 330 ± 121 ng m-3 and 247 ± 63 ng m-3 in winter and spring. The monoterpene-derived organic nitrates were the dominant components in both seasons with their contribution higher than 70%, accounting for 1.2 ± 0.8% and 2.0 ± 1.0% in organic aerosols in winter and spring, respectively. The significantly higher levels of particulate organic nitrates in winter than spring was ascribed to the strong effects of mountain-valley breezes and coal combustion plumes. The increasing concentrations of NOx and particulate matters brought by the valley breeze at daytime facilitated the formation of MHN215, OAKN359, and OAHN361, while the rising SO2 abundance and the sulfate aerosols transported by elevated emission sources affected the formation of MDCN247 at nighttime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Min Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hongyong Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yujian Bi
- Taishan National Reference Climatological Station, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Di Wu
- Taishan National Reference Climatological Station, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Xiangkui Yin
- Taishan National Reference Climatological Station, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ye Shan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Taishan National Reference Climatological Station, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Gu R, Wang W, Peng X, Xia M, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Shen H, Xue L, Wang T, Wang W. Nitrous acid in the polluted coastal atmosphere of the South China Sea: Ship emissions, budgets, and impacts. Sci Total Environ 2022; 826:153692. [PMID: 35182648 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) can significantly contribute to hydroxyl radicals (OH) and thus regulate atmospheric oxidation chemistry; however, ambient HONO sources are not well quantified and vary in different environments. In this study, we conducted comprehensive field observations at a coastal site in the South China Sea and performed chemical box modelling to demonstrate contrasting budgets and impacts of diurnal atmospheric HONO derived from the sea, coastline and continent. The ship emission ratio of HONO/nitrogen oxides (NOx) (1.21 ± 0.99%) was calculated from hundreds of night-time fresh plume measurements. Offshore marine air was frequently influenced by ship exhausts, and the sea acted as an HONO sink. Heterogeneous conversions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on underlying surfaces and photolysis of adsorbed nitric acid (HNO3(ads)) were the major HONO sources in coastal air, when heterogeneous NO2 conversions on the ground surface and the homogeneous NO + OH reaction dominated HONO formation in continental air. HONO photolysis was a significant source of reactive radicals (ROx = OH + HO2 + RO2) in these air masses. Atmospheric box model including only homogeneous HONO source of the NO + OH reactions significantly underpredicted the OH concentration and atmospheric oxidising capacity in coastal and continental air. This study provides new insights into the complex sources and significant impacts of HONO in the polluted coastal boundary layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Gu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; Hangzhou PuYu Technology Development Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; Department of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Men Xia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ya'nan Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Hengqing Shen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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13
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Gu R, Shen H, Xue L, Wang T, Gao J, Li H, Liang Y, Xia M, Yu C, Liu Y, Wang W. Investigating the sources of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) in the megacity of Beijing, China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 812:152270. [PMID: 34902418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) can powerfully influence atmospheric photochemistry by producing hydroxyl radical (OH), which is a crucial oxidant that controls the fate of atmospheric trace species. To deduce HONO formation mechanisms in polluted regions, two field observations were conducted in urban Beijing during the early summer of 2017 and the winter of 2018. These two seasons bore distinguishing pollution characteristics with a higher degree of ageing and heavier aerosol loading in the early summer and more abundant NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) in the winter. Elevated concentrations of HONO were observed during these two seasons, with the mean ± standard deviation (maximum) concentrations of 1.25 ± 0.94 (6.69) ppbv and 1.04 ± 1.27 (9.55) ppbv in early summer and winter, respectively. The observed daytime (08:00-17:00 h, local time) HONO production rate was several times higher in early summer than in winter (4.44 ± 1.93 ppbv h-1 vs. 0.88 ± 0.49 ppbv h-1). Budget analysis revealed distinct daytime HONO formation mechanisms during these two seasons. Photo-induced heterogeneous conversion of NO2 on the ground surface dominated in early summer, and homogeneous reaction of NO + OH was dominant in winter. Photolysis of HONO was the major source of primary OH in both seasons, and thus, played a key role in the regulation of atmospheric oxidising capacity. This study demonstrates the significant seasonal variations in HONO budget and underlines the predominant role of HONO in primary OH production in Beijing. Our findings will be helpful to gain an understanding of the chemical mechanisms underlying the formation of secondary pollution in metropolitan areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Gu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 99907, China
| | - Hengqing Shen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 99907, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yutong Liang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 99907, China
| | - Men Xia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 99907, China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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14
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Jiang L, Gu R, Li X, Mu D. Simple and rapid detection Aspergillus fumigatus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with lateral flow biosensor assay. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2351-2360. [PMID: 33788361 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We have developed a new diagnostic technique, termed loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with lateral flow biosensor (LAMP-LFB), which has been successfully applied to the detection of Aspergillus fumigatus. MATERIAL AND METHODS A set of six LAMP primers was designed according to the A. fumigatus-specific anxC4 gene, which specifically recognized eight different regions of the target sequence. The LFB was employed for reporting the A. fumigatus-LAMP results, and the visual readouts were obtained within 2 min. The strains of A. fumigatus species and non-A. fumigatus species were used to test the assay's sensitivity and examine the analytical specificity of the target assay. Optimal LAMP conditions were 66°C for 50 min. The limit of detection is 100 fg. No cross-reactions were obtained, and the specificity of LAMP-LFB assay was 100%. The whole process of the assay, including 20 min of DNA preparation, 50 min of constant temperature amplification, and 2 min of detection by the sensor strip, took a total of 72 min (less than 75 min). Among 89 sputum specimens for clinical evaluation, 10 (11·23%) samples were A. fumigatus-positive by LAMP-LFB and traditional culture method, 9 (10·11%) samples were A. fumigatus-positive by PCR method. Compared with culture method, the diagnostic accuracy of LAMP-LFB method was 100%. CONCLUSIONS The novel LAMP-LFB detection technology established in the current research is a rapid and reliable detection tool for A. fumigatus. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This novel LAMP-LFB assay can quickly, specifically and sensitively detect A. fumigatus, thereby speeding up the detection process and increasing the detection rate. In addition, it can also be used as a new molecular method for detection of A. fumigatus in clinical and laboratory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - R Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Graduate School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Graduate School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - D Mu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Shi J, Li L, Shan C, Wang J, Chen Z, Gu R, He J, Tan M, Lan Y, Li Y. Aryne 1,2,3,5-Tetrasubstitution Enabled by 3-Silylaryne and Allyl Sulfoxide via an Aromatic 1,3-Silyl Migration. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2178-2184. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Junli Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Zhonghong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Rongrong Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Jia He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Min Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
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16
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Yang Y, Hu Y, Shen S, Jiang X, Wang H, Gu R, Liu F, Jia H, Gong C, Liu Q. A nomogram for predicting the malignant diagnosis of BI-RADS US category 4A lesions in women with dense breast tissue. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz098.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Akhavan ND, Umana-Membreno GA, Gu R, Antoszewski J, Faraone L. Random dopant fluctuations and statistical variability in n-channel junctionless FETs. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:025203. [PMID: 29176060 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9d45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of random dopant fluctuations on the statistical variability of the electrical characteristics of n-channel silicon junctionless nanowire transistor (JNT) has been studied using three dimensional quantum simulations based on the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. Average randomly distributed body doping densities of 2 × 1019, 6 × 1019 and 1 × 1020 cm-3 have been considered employing an atomistic model for JNTs with gate lengths of 5, 10 and 15 nm. We demonstrate that by properly adjusting the doping density in the JNT, a near ideal statistical variability and electrical performance can be achieved, which can pave the way for the continuation of scaling in silicon CMOS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Akhavan
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, WA, Australia
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18
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Bhat A, Gan G, Khanna S, Chen H, Gu R, Sritharan T, Tan T. Key Differences Between Younger and Older Patients with Non–Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Hospital-Based Study. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lai J, Chen K, Li Y, Pan Z, Shen S, Yang Y, Gu R, Liu F, Hu Y, Jiang X, Yu F. A nomogram for predicting the likelihood of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients based on ultrasonographic-pathologic features. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wang X, Gu R, Wang L, Xu W, Zhang Y, Chen B, Li W, Xue L, Chen J, Wang W. Emissions of fine particulate nitrated phenols from the burning of five common types of biomass. Environ Pollut 2017; 230:405-412. [PMID: 28675850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated phenols are among the major constituents of brown carbon and affect both climates and ecosystems. However, emissions from biomass burning, which comprise one of the most important primary sources of atmospheric nitrated phenols, are not well understood. In this study, the concentrations and proportions of 10 nitrated phenols, including nitrophenols, nitrocatechols, nitrosalicylic acids, and dinitrophenol, in fine particles from biomass smoke were determined under three different burning conditions (flaming, weakly flaming, and smoldering) with five common types of biomass (leaves, branches, corncob, corn stalk, and wheat straw). The total abundances of fine nitrated phenols produced by biomass burning ranged from 2.0 to 99.5 μg m-3. The compositions of nitrated phenols varied with biomass types and burning conditions. 4-nitrocatechol and methyl nitrocatechols were generally most abundant, accounting for up to 88-95% of total nitrated phenols in flaming burning condition. The emission ratios of nitrated phenols to PM2.5 increased with the completeness of combustion and ranged from 7 to 45 ppmm and from 239 to 1081 ppmm for smoldering and flaming burning, respectively. The ratios of fine nitrated phenols to organic matter in biomass burning aerosols were comparable to or lower than those in ambient aerosols affected by biomass burning, indicating that secondary formation contributed to ambient levels of fine nitrated phenols. The emission factors of fine nitrated phenols from flaming biomass burning were estimated based on the measured mass fractions and the PM2.5 emission factors from literature and were approximately 0.75-11.1 mg kg-1. According to calculations based on corn and wheat production in 31 Chinese provinces in 2013, the total estimated emission of fine nitrated phenols from the burning of corncobs, corn stalks, and wheat straw was 670 t. This work highlights the apparent emission of methyl nitrocatechols from biomass burning and provides basic data for modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxue Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Weijun Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
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Liu J, Li X, Zhang H, Gu R, Wang Z, Gao Z, Xing L. Ubiquitin E3 ligase Itch negatively regulates osteoblast function by promoting proteasome degradation of osteogenic proteins. Bone Joint Res 2017; 6:154-161. [PMID: 28298321 PMCID: PMC5376659 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.63.bjr-2016-0237.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ubiquitin E3 ligase-mediated protein degradation regulates osteoblast function. Itch, an E3 ligase, affects numerous cell functions by regulating ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of related proteins. However, the Itch-related cellular and molecular mechanisms by which osteoblast differentiation and function are elevated during bone fracture repair are as yet unknown. METHODS We examined the expression levels of E3 ligases and NF-κB members in callus samples during bone fracture repair by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the total amount of ubiquitinated proteins by Western blot analysis in wild-type (WT) mice. The expression levels of osteoblast-associated genes in fracture callus from Itch knockout (KO) mice and their WT littermates were examined by qPCR. The effect of NF-κB on Itch expression in C2C12 osteoblast cells was determined by a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. RESULTS The expression levels of WW Domain Containing E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1 (Wwp1), SMAD Specific E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1 (Smurf1), SMAD Specific E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 2 (Smurf2) and Itch were all significantly increased in the fracture callus of WT mice, which was associated with elevated expression of NF-κB members and total ubiquitinated proteins. Callus tissue isolated from Itch KO mice expressed higher levels of osteoblast-associated genes, including Runx2, a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation, but osteoclast-associated genes were not increased. Both NF-κB RelA and RelB proteins were found to bind to the NF-κB binding site in the mouse Itch promoter. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that Itch depletion may have a strong positive effect on osteoblast differentiation in fracture callus. Thus, ubiquitin E3 ligase Itch could be a potential target for enhancing bone fracture healing.Cite this article: J. Liu, X. Li, H. Zhang, R. Gu, Z. Wang, Z. Gao, L. Xing. Ubiquitin E3 ligase Itch negatively regulates osteoblast function by promoting proteasome degradation of osteogenic proteins. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:154-161. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.63.BJR-2016-0237.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Boulevard, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Centre, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Centre, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - R Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Boulevard, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Z Wang
- Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Z Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Boulevard, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - L Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Centre, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Hu X, Wang JY, Gu R, Qu H, Li M, Chen L, Liu R, Yuan P. The relationship between the occurrence of intractable epilepsy with glial cells and myelin sheath - an experimental study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:4516-4524. [PMID: 27874947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The occurrence of epilepsy is associated with myelin sheath injury; oligodendrocyte (OL) is the main cell of myelin sheath; In this study, we observed the changes of OL, demyelination, and myelin associated protein in different stages of intractable epilepsy (IE) at the epileptic foci of patients, and provide useful information for the pathophysiology of IE. PATIENTS AND METHODS IE patients who received epileptogenic focus resection were recruited as the experimental group, their medical records were collected and postoperative follow-up was performed. The brain tissues from10 cases with non-brain disorders were obtained as controls. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to observe OL expression. The demyelination in epileptic foci was observed by luxol fast blue (LFB) staining method. Real-time fluorescent quantitative (RT) PCR, Western blot methods were used to detect the expressions of myelin-related proteins. RESULTS We observed increased OL precursor cells, former OL and decreased mature OL in experimental group when compared with controls (both p < 0.05). The demyelination was obviously higher in experimental group when compared with controls (p < 0.01). We also observed significantly decreasing of myelin basic protein (MBP), oligodendrocytes myelin glycoprotein (OMgp), myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) and other MAG associated proteins-Nogo receptors (NgRs) and GD1α (p < 0.01) in epileptic foci. CONCLUSIONS OL is differentiated abnormally at epileptic foci of patients with IE; the demyelination, decreasing of demyelination and myelin associated protein are related to the occurrence of IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China.
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Madigan M, Gu R, Gilan P, Eamegdool S. Unravelling the potential of secreted frizzled related protein 3 as a vascular marker. Acta Ophthalmol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
An aryne 1,2,3-trisubstitution with aryl allyl sulfoxides is accomplished, featuring an incorporation of C-S, C-O, and C-C bonds on the consecutive positions of a benzene ring. The reaction condition is mild with broad substrate scope. Preliminary mechanistic study suggests a cascade formal [2 + 2] reaction of aryne with S═O bond, an allyl S → O migration, and a Claisen rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Dachuan Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Junli Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
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Gu R. 21. Safety and feasibility of returning patients immediately back to their parent hospitals after transfer for primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Saudi Heart Assoc 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsha.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Hu AM, Li JJ, Sun W, Yang DG, Yang ML, Du LJ, Gu R, Gao F, Li J, Chu HY, Zhang X, Gao LJ. Myelotomy reduces spinal cord edema and inhibits aquaporin-4 and aquaporin-9 expression in rats with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2014; 53:98-102. [PMID: 25448191 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2014.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal cord edema contributes to the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying spinal cord injury (SCI) and is associated with functional recovery after SCI. Early myelotomy may be a promising surgical intervention for reducing SCI-induced edema. However, it remains unclear whether myelotomy can reduce SCI-induced edema. In addition, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and aquaporin-9 (AQP9) have important roles in the regulation of water homeostasis. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of myelotomy on AQP4 and AQP9 expression and spinal cord edema in a rat model of moderate SCI. METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to three groups: the sham control group (n=22) receiving laminectomy alone; the contusion group (n=44) receiving laminectomy plus contusion; and the myelotomy group (n=44) receiving laminectomy plus contusion followed by myelotomy at 24 h. Functional recovery was estimated by the open-field and inclined plane tests. Spinal cord edema was determined by measuring the water content. The expression of AQP4 and AQP9 was determined by western blot. RESULTS Compared with the contusion group, myelotomy significantly improved the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores in the open-field test and resulted in a higher mean angle value in the incline plane test. Myelotomy significantly reduced SCI-induced edema at 4 and 6 days after SCI, which was accompanied by downregulation of AQP4 and AQP9 expression. CONCLUSION Myelotomy improves locomotor function, reduces edema in rats with SCI and is associated with decreased expression of AQP4 and AQP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Hu
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - J-J Li
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - W Sun
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Rehabilitation Medicine of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - D-G Yang
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - M-L Yang
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - L-J Du
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - R Gu
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - F Gao
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - J Li
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - H-Y Chu
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhang
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Rehabilitation Medicine of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L-J Gao
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
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Kao W, Gu R, Jia Y, Wei X, Fan H, Harris J, Zhang Z, Quinn J, Morand EF, Yang YH. A formyl peptide receptor agonist suppresses inflammation and bone damage in arthritis. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4087-96. [PMID: 24824742 PMCID: PMC4243981 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein and agonist of the formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2). However, the potential for therapeutic FPR ligands to modify immune-mediated disease has been little explored. We investigated the effects of a synthetic FPR agonist on joint disease in the K/BxN model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Arthritis was induced by injection of K/BxN serum at day 0 and 2 in wild-type (WT) or AnxA1(-/-) mice and clinical and histopathological manifestations measured 8-11 days later. WT mice were given the FPR agonist compound 43 (Cpd43) (6 or 30 mg·kg(-1) i.p.) for 4 days. Effects of AnxA1 and Cpd43 on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis were assessed in RAW 264.7 cells and human RA FLS and macrophages. KEY RESULTS Treatment with Cpd43 before or after the onset of arthritis reduced clinical disease severity and attenuated synovial TNF-α and osteoclast-associated gene expression. Deletion of AnxA1 in mice exacerbated arthritis severity in the K/BxN model. In vitro, Cpd43 suppressed osteoclastogenesis and NFAT activity elicited by RANKL, and inhibited IL-6 secretion by mouse macrophages. In human RA joint-derived FLS and monocyte-derived macrophages, Cpd43 treatment inhibited IL-6 release, while blocking FPR2 or silencing AnxA1 increased this release. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The FPR agonist Cpd43 reduced osteoclastogenesis and inflammation in a mouse model of RA and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in relevant human cells. These data suggest that FPR ligands may represent novel therapeutic agents capable of ameliorating inflammation and bone damage in RA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Annexin A1/deficiency
- Annexin A1/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Bone and Bones/drug effects
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Bone and Bones/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenylurea Compounds/administration & dosage
- Phenylurea Compounds/chemistry
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/administration & dosage
- Pyrazoles/chemistry
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/agonists
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kao
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - R Gu
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Y Jia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Xuemin Wei
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - H Fan
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, Vic., Australia
| | - J Harris
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin, China
| | - J Quinn
- Prince Henry's Institute, Monash Medical CentreClayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash UniversityClayton, Vic., Australia
| | - E F Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Y H Yang
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash UniversityClayton, Vic., Australia
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Yang DG, Li JJ, Gu R, Yang ML, Zhang X, Du LJ, Sun W, Gao F, Hu AM, Wu YY, He JG, Feng YT, Chu HY. Optimal time window of myelotomy in rats with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a preliminary study. Spinal Cord 2013; 51:673-8. [PMID: 23752264 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2013.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying spinal cord injury (SCI) partially involve edema and formation of a hematoma. Myelotomy seems to be a promising intervention. However, the appropriate timing of myelotomy is still unknown in SCI. Here we aimed to determine the timing of microsurgical myelotomy in an animal model of SCI. METHODS The SCI model was contusion-induced with a new york university impactor. Sixty-five adult female rats were randomly divided into the following groups: laminectomy alone (the 'sham group', SG), laminectomy plus contusion (the 'contusion group', CG) or laminectomy plus contusion followed by myelotomy at 8, 24 or 48 h (8 h-MTG [myelotomy-treated group], 24 h-MTG or 48 h-MTG). Functional recovery was evaluated via the open field test and the inclined plane test every week after SCI. The percentage of spared white matter area (SWMA) and ultrastructure characteristics of the injured dorsolateral spinal cord were determined on the 42nd day after SCI. RESULTS Compared with the CG, myelotomy at 8 h-MTG or 24 h-MTG greatly improved the BASSO-BEATTIE- BRESNAHAN scores (P<0.008), whereas the 48 h-MTG showed less efficacy (P=0.023). All myelotomy groups showed higher mean angle values in an inclined plane test (P<0.005) and had greater percentages of SWMA than the CG. Rats in the 24 h-MTG showed a higher intra-axonal fraction and myelin fraction than those in 48 h-MTG (P<0.005). CONCLUSION Myelotomy up to 48 h after SCI improves recovery in rats. The potential time window of myelotomy may be between 8 and 24 h after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-G Yang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine of Capital Medical University, Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Cao B, Li M, Zha W, Zhao Q, Gu R, Liu L, Shi J, Zhou J, Zhou F, Wu X, Wu Z, Wang G, Aa J. Metabolomic approach to evaluating adriamycin pharmacodynamics and resistance in breast cancer cells. Metabolomics 2013; 9:960-973. [PMID: 24039617 PMCID: PMC3769585 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-013-0517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Continuous exposure of breast cancer cells to adriamycin induces high expression of P-gp and multiple drug resistance. However, the biochemical process and the underlying mechanisms for the gradually induced resistance are not clear. To explore the underlying mechanism and evaluate the anti-tumor effect and resistance of adriamycin, the drug-sensitive MCF-7S and the drug-resistant MCF-7Adr breast cancer cells were used and treated with adriamycin, and the intracellular metabolites were profiled using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Principal components analysis of the data revealed that the two cell lines showed distinctly different metabolic responses to adriamycin. Adriamycin exposure significantly altered metabolic pattern of MCF-7S cells, which gradually became similar to the pattern of MCF-7Adr, indicating that metabolic shifts were involved in adriamycin resistance. Many intracellular metabolites involved in various metabolic pathways were significantly modulated by adriamycin treatment in the drug-sensitive MCF-7S cells, but were much less affected in the drug-resistant MCF-7Adr cells. Adriamycin treatment markedly depressed the biosynthesis of proteins, purines, pyrimidines and glutathione, and glycolysis, while it enhanced glycerol metabolism of MCF-7S cells. The elevated glycerol metabolism and down-regulated glutathione biosynthesis suggested an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and a weakened ability to balance ROS, respectively. Further studies revealed that adriamycin increased ROS and up-regulated P-gp in MCF-7S cells, which could be reversed by N-acetylcysteine treatment. It is suggested that adriamycin resistance is involved in slowed metabolism and aggravated oxidative stress. Assessment of cellular metabolomics and metabolic markers may be used to evaluate anti-tumor effects and to screen for candidate anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Cao
- Lab of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009 China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Lab of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009 China
| | - Weibin Zha
- Lab of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009 China
| | - Qijin Zhao
- Lab of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009 China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- Lab of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009 China
| | - Linsheng Liu
- Lab of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009 China
| | - Jian Shi
- Lab of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009 China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Lab of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009 China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Lab of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009 China
| | - Xiaolan Wu
- Lab of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009 China
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Guangji Wang
- Lab of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009 China
| | - Jiye Aa
- Lab of Metabolomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009 China
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Zheng T, Liu L, Aa J, Wang G, Cao B, Li M, Shi J, Wang X, Zhao C, Gu R, Zhou J, Xiao W, Yu X, Sun R, Zhou Y, Zuo Y, Zhu X. Metabolic phenotype of rats exposed to heroin and potential markers of heroin abuse. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 127:177-86. [PMID: 22840430 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics allows the high-throughput analysis of low molecular mass compounds in biofluids, which can reflect the metabolic response of the body to heroin exposure and potentially reveal biomarkers of heroin abuse. METHODS Heroin was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats in increasing doses from 3 to 16.5 mg kg(-1)d(-1) (i.p.) for 10 days, then withdrawn and re-administered for 4 days. The analytes in serum and urine were profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and metabolic patterns were evaluated based on the metabolomics data. RESULTS Both the administration and withdrawal of heroin resulted in aberrant behaviour in the rats; however, the rats gradually became adapted to heroin. Metabolomics data showed that heroin administration caused deviations in the metabolic patterns, whereas heroin withdrawal restored the metabolic patterns towards baseline. Re-administration of heroin caused the metabolic patterns to deviate again. Analysis of the metabolites revealed that heroin induced an acceleration of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the metabolism of free fatty acids that may contribute to the reduction in observed body weight in the heroin group. Heroin administration decreased tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in peripheral serum but increased urinary tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetate. Withdrawal of heroin for 4 days efficiently restored all metabolites to baseline, except serum myo-inositol-1-phosphate, threonate, and hydroxyproline in the urine. CONCLUSIONS Heroin administration significantly perturbed metabolic pathways, elevated energy metabolism, whereas heroin withdrawal restored all but a few metabolites to baseline. These peripheral metabolites were indicated as the surrogates characterising the metabolic effect of heroin on central nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24, Tongjia Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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Upadhyay A, Senyschyn D, Santos L, Gu R, Carroll GJ, Jazayeri JA. K/B×N serum transfer arthritis is delayed and less severe in leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-deficient mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 169:71-8. [PMID: 22774981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is investigating the role of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in the development of inflammation and joint damage in the mouse K/B×N serum transfer arthritis model. LIF knock-out (LIF(-/-)) mice were generated by mating heterozygote females (LIF(+/-)) with heterozygote males. Arthritis was induced in 8-20-week-old LIF knock-out mice (LIF(-/-)) by intraperitoneal injection of pooled K/B×N sera (50 µl) on days 0 and 2. Clinical disease was scored daily for 6 days. Safranin-O and haematoxylin-stained sections were scored for synovitis, joint space exudate, cartilage degradation and bone damage. RNA was extracted from ankle joints and used to investigate gene expression levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, LIF, LIF receptor, oncostatin M (OSM), OSM receptor, IL-6 and their common receptor subunit gp130 by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results show that wild-type mice developed severe clinically overt polyarthritis. In contrast, LIF(-/-) mice showed a more than 50% reduction in clinical arthritis severity. Significantly lower histological scores were observed in LIF(-/-) mice compared to wild-type disease controls. LIF(-/-) mice had histopathological scores that were similar to normal healthy mice. IL-6 subfamily cytokine and receptor subunit expression remained unchanged. The expression levels for IL-6 were reduced significantly in all the diseased mice, whether wild-type or LIF(-/-) mice (P < 0·001), compared to healthy wild-type mice. We conclude that LIF contributes to the development of disease in the K/B×N serum transfer model of arthritis. These results provide further evidence for the role of LIF in inflammation and cartilage bone resorption and provide impetus to test the effects of LIF blockade as a therapeutic strategy in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
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32
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Liu L, Cao B, Aa J, Zheng T, Shi J, Li M, Wang X, Zhao C, Xiao W, Yu X, Sun R, Gu R, Zhou J, Wu L, Hao G, Zhu X, Wang G. Prediction of the pharmacokinetic parameters of triptolide in rats based on endogenous molecules in pre-dose baseline serum. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43389. [PMID: 22912866 PMCID: PMC3422234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individual variances usually affect drug metabolism and disposition, and hence result in either ineffectiveness or toxicity of a drug. In addition to genetic polymorphism, the multiple confounding factors of lifestyles, such as dietary preferences, contribute partially to individual variances. However, the difficulty of quantifying individual diversity greatly challenges the realization of individualized drug therapy. This study aims at quantitative evaluating the association between individual variances and the pharmacokinetics. Methodology/Principal Findings Molecules in pre-dose baseline serum were profiled using gas chromatography mass spectrometry to represent the individual variances of the model rats provided with high fat diets (HFD), routine chows and calorie restricted (CR) chows. Triptolide and its metabolites were determined using high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Metabonomic and pharmacokinetic data revealed that rats treated with the varied diets had distinctly different metabolic patterns and showed differential Cmax values, AUC and drug metabolism after oral administration of triptolide. Rats with fatty chows had the lowest Cmax and AUC values and the highest percentage of triptolide metabolic transformation, while rats with CR chows had the highest Cmax and AUC values and the least percentage of triptolide transformation. Multivariate linear regression revealed that in baseline serum, the concentrations of creatinine and glutamic acid, which is the precursor of GSH, were linearly negatively correlated to Cmax and AUC values. The glutamic acid and creatinine in baseline serum were suggested as the potential markers to represent individual diversity and as predictors of the disposal and pharmacokinetics of triptolide. Conclusions/Significance These results highlight the robust potential of metabonomics in characterizing individual variances and identifying relevant markers that have the potential to facilitate individualized drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiye Aa
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (GW); (JA)
| | - Tian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runbin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (GW); (JA)
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Xu K, Zhang M, Cui D, Fu Y, Qian L, Gu R, Wang M, Shen C, Yu R, Yang T. UCP2 -866G/A and Ala55Val, and UCP3 -55C/T polymorphisms in association with type 2 diabetes susceptibility: a meta-analysis study. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2315-24. [PMID: 21751002 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between the UCP2 -866G/A, UCP2 Ala55Val and UCP3 -55C/T polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes susceptibility. METHODS A literature-based search was conducted to identify all relevant studies. The fixed or random effect pooled measure was calculated mainly at the allele level to determine heterogeneity bias among studies. Further analyses were performed that stratified for ethnicity. RESULTS We examined 17 publications. Stratified analysis for ethnicity and sensitivity analysis revealed that there was no heterogeneity between studies for these variants. Using an additive model, no significant association of the UCP2 -866G/A polymorphism with type 2 diabetes risk was observed, either in participants of Asian (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.96, 1.16) or of European (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99, 1.07) descent. Neither the UCP2 Ala55Val nor the UCP3 -55C/T polymorphism showed any significant association with type 2 diabetes risk in Europeans (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.98, 1.09 for Ala55Val; OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00, 1.09 for -55C/T). In contrast, a statistically significant association was observed for both polymorphisms in participants of Asian descent (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12, 1.36 for Ala55Val; OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03, 1.28 for -55C/T). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our meta-analysis suggests that the UCP2 -866G/A polymorphism is unlikely to be associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk in the populations investigated. In contrast, our results indicate that the UCP2 Ala55Val and UCP3 -55C/T polymorphisms may indeed be risk factors for susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in individuals of Asian descent, but not in individuals of European descent. This conclusion warrants confirmation by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu, China
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Pang R, Zhang Y, Pan X, Gu R, Hou X, Xiang P, Liu Z, Zhu X, Hu J, Zhao J, Zhang C. Embryonic-like stem cell derived from adult bone marrow: immature morphology, cell surface markers, ultramicrostructure and differentiation into multinucleated fibers in vitro. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2010; 56 Suppl:OL1276-OL1285. [PMID: 20385079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic-like stem cell (ELSC), expressing part of surface markers of human embryonic stem cells, may be a better candidate for cell therapy of degenerative muscular disease than mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). We isolated ELSC and MSC from bone marrow, respectively, and compared their differences in the characteristics and the capacity of myogenic differentiation. Results showed that ELSC could be isolated successfully from 3 adult bone marrow samples by using serum-free medium with 10ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). At the same cell density, MSC could also be isolated from the same samples by using DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% new cattle serum. However, ELSC appeared as small, morphologically slenderer, upregulated expression of SSEA-4 and ultramicroscopically more immature than MSC derived from the same samples. Immunofluorescent staining and RT-PCR analysis showed ELSC weakly expressed Oct-4, Nanog-3 and Sox-2. Moreover, ELSC and MSC could be induced into long, multinucleated fibers expressing myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MHC) in myogenic differentiation medium, but by day 10, proportion of multinucleated fibers positive for MHC was respectively 25.0%+/-6.9% and 13.8%+/-7.6% in ELSC and MSC culture. These data suggest that bone marrow derived ELSC represent an ideal candidate for cell therapy of degenerative muscular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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Kirkus M, Grazulevicius J, Grigalevicius S, Gu R, Dehaen W, Jankauskas V. Hole-transporting glass-forming indolo[3,2-b]carbazole-based diepoxy monomer and polymers. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Corwin JT, Warchol ME, Saffer LD, Finley JE, Gu R, Lamber PR. Growth factors as potential drugs for the sensory epithelia of the ear. Ciba Found Symp 2007; 196:167-82; discussion 182-7. [PMID: 8866134 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514863.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The highly ordered structures of the hearing and balance organs of vertebrate ears go through a coordinated sequence of cellular and morphogenetic events. It is to be expected that protein growth factors and other extracellular signals will regulate many events during embryonic development of the ear, including the induction of the ear, the specific induction of sensory epithelia, the proliferation of the cells that form the sensory epithelia, the differentiation of the sensory and supporting cells, and the attraction and maintenance of innervation. After embryonic development, growth factors will support cell survival and innervation of new sensory cells. In damaged sensory epithelia, supplementation of the normal growth factors in these tissues has the potential to influence cellular responses to trauma, to reduce cell death and to promote the replacement of dead cells through renewed proliferation and differentiation, so as to improve hearing and balance health via preventive and restorative treatments. Assessment of the influences of specific growth factors on the sensory epithelia of vertebrate ears is at an early stage: this paper provides a brief account of what we know from studies of normal and experimentally manipulated epithelia, discusses the current questions and suggests directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Corwin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese herbal medicines are commonly used to treat sore throat in China and among Chinese people worldwide. Their efficacy in treating sore throat has not previously been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines for patients with sore throat. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2006) which contains the Acute Respiratory Infections Group's specialised register; MEDLINE (1966 to August 2006); EMBASE (1980 to August 2006); AMED (1985 to August 2006); the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1975 to August 2006), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (1994 to August 2006). SELECTION CRITERIA We only included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of sore throat with the outcomes of recovery, inefficacy, and adverse events. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS One review author contacted the trial authors of claimed RCTs. Three review authors extracted and analysed the data. MAIN RESULTS Seven trials involving 1253 participants were included. All trials were identified as being of methodologically poor quality (C category). All of the Chinese herbal preparations in this review were inadequately characterised and were assessed in one trial only. It is highly likely that there was selection bias or detection bias, or both, in all of the included trials. Conflict of interest may have been another factor in producing a positive result in three studies as the prepared drugs were made in the trial author's hospital. We did not perform a meta-analysis and the results of the studies are reported separately. Three formulations were shown to be superior to the control in improving recovery: Ertong Qingyan Jiere Koufuye was more effective than Fufang Shuanghua Koufuye for acute pharyngitis (OR 1.54, 95% Cl 1.11 to 5.74); Yanhouling mixture was more effective than the gentamicin atomised inhalation for acute pharyngitis (OR 5.39, 95% CI 2.69 to 10.81) for acute pharyngitis; and Qinganlan Liyan Hanpian was more effective than Fufang Caoshanhu Hanpian for chronic pharyngitis (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.67). Four four formulations were shown to be equal in efficacy to the control. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on the existing evidence included in this review, the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine for treating sore throat is controversial and questionable. We cannot recommend any kind of Chinese medical herbal formulation as an effective remedy for sore throat, due to the lack of high quality clinical trials.
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Abstract
Mouse polyomavirus contains a circular DNA genome, with early and late genes transcribed from opposite strands. At early times after infection, genes encoded from the early transcription unit are predominantly expressed. After the onset of viral DNA replication, expression of genes encoded from the late transcription unit increases dramatically. At late times, late primary transcripts are inefficiently polyadenylated, leading to the generation of multigenomic RNAs that are precursors to mature mRNAs. These transcripts contain sequences complementary to the early RNAs and downregulate early-strand gene expression by inducing RNA editing. Our recent work leads to a model where the production of the multigenomic late RNAs is also controlled by the editing of poly(A) signals, directed by overlapping primary transcripts.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genome, Viral
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- Polyomavirus/genetics
- Polyomavirus/growth & development
- Polyomavirus/physiology
- RNA Interference
- RNA Splicing
- RNA, Antisense/genetics
- RNA, Antisense/metabolism
- RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics
- RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Virus Replication/genetics
- Virus Replication/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gu
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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Abstract
In this study, the decolorization of textile wastewater using composite flocculants was examined. It was composed of Fe(III) flocculants and polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC). The color removal efficiency of the composite flocculants was compared with that of individual flocculants, ferric chloride (FeCl3), polyferric chloride (PFC) and PDMDAAC, respectively. The results showed that the composite flocculants were more efficient than individual ones in color removal. The color removal efficiency of the composite flocculants was found to be related to the weight percentage of PDMDAAC (Wp), basicity (B) of PFC and molecular weight (MW) of PDMDAAC. The removal rate is higher at a larger Wp and MW value and lower B value. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from textile wastewater was also investigated in this study. During color removal by the composite flocculants, only up to 20% COD could be removed from the textile wastewater. FeCl3 was then used to further remove the remaining COD from the decolorized wastewater. This two-step treatment of textile wastewater could achieve a 91.6% reduction in COD and an 88.9% reduction in color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles is an infectious disease caused by Morbillivirus. Chinese physicians believe that medicinal herbs are effective in alleviating symptoms and preventing complications. Chinese herbal medicines are dispensed according to the particular symptoms. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and possible adverse events of Chinese medicinal herbs in treating measles. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2005); MEDLINE (1966 to June 2005); EMBASE (1980 to June 2005); the Chinese Biomedical Database (1976 to June 2005); VIP Information (1989 to June 2005); China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (1994 to June 2005); and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials was searched for ongoing trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which patients with measles without complications were treated with Chinese medicinal herbs were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The primary outcome measure was death from any cause. The secondary outcome measure was improvement of overall symptoms. The tertiary outcome measure was fever clearance time. MAIN RESULTS We identified 28 trials which claimed to use random allocation. Nineteen study authors were contacted by telephone and we discovered that the allocation methods they had used were not actually randomised. Three studies were excluded because the patients experienced complications. We were unable to contact the remaining six authors. These require further assessment and have been allocated to the 'Studies awaiting assessment' section. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We interviewed by telephone the study authors for missing information regarding random allocation of the study process. Some trials allocated the participants according to the sequence they were admitted to the trials, that is to say, by using a pseudo-random allocation method. None of the trials concealed the allocation or blinding method. We hope future randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in this field will be conducted.
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Wei Y, Bloom P, Lin D, Gu R, Wang WH. Effect of dietary K intake on apical small-conductance K channel in CCD: role of protein tyrosine kinase. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2001; 281:F206-12. [PMID: 11457712 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.2001.281.2.f206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used Western blot to examine the expression of cSrc protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1D in the renal cortex, and the patch-clamp technique to determine the role of PTK in mediating the effect of dietary K intake on the small-conductance K (SK) channel in the cortical collecting duct (CCD). When rats were on a K-deficient (KD) diet for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, the expression of cSrc increased by 40, 90, 140, and 135%, respectively. In contrast, the expression of cSrc in the renal cortex from rats on a high-K (HK) diet for 1, 2, and 3 days decreased by 40, 60, and 75%, respectively. However, the protein level of PTP-1D was not significantly changed by dietary K intake. The addition of 1 microM herbimycin A increased NP(o), a product of channel number (N) and open probability (P(o)) in the CCD from rats on a normal diet or on a KD diet. The increase in NP(o) was 0.30 (normal), 0.45 (1-day KD), 0.65 (3-day KD), 1.55 (5-day KD), and 1.85 (7-day KD), respectively. Treatment of the CCD with herbimycin A from rats on a KD diet increased NP(o) per patch from the control value (0.7) to 1.4 (1-day KD), 1.6 (3-day KD), 2.6 (5-day KD), and 3.5 (7-day KD), respectively. In contrast, HK intake for as short as 1 day abolished the effect of herbimycin A. Furthermore, the expression of ROMK channels in the renal cortex was the same between rats on a KD diet or on a HK diet. Moreover, treatment with herbimycin A did not further increase NP(o) in the CCDs from rats on a HK diet. We conclude that dietary K intake plays a key role in regulating the activity of the SK channels and that PTK is involved in mediating the effect of the K intake on channel activity in the CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA.
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43
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Gu R, Cao W, Cao P, Sun Y, Yao J, Ren B, Tian Z. [New progress of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic studies on a gold electrode in a nonaqueous system]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2001; 21:308-310. [PMID: 12947653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Based on a highly sensitive new generation confocal microprobe Raman system, the adsorption behavior of thiocyanate (SCN-) on a gold electrode in methanol solution was investigated by SERS for the first time. Preliminary results demonstrated that the interaction between SCN- and the electrode is so strong that its SERS signal can be detected in the whole research potential region (-0.1 V(-)-1.4 V). The orientation change may occur in the potential range -0.6 V-0.7 V. From -0.1 V to -0.6 V SCN- is adsorbed mainly through S end onto Au surface while in the potential range of -0.7 V to -1.2 V it is oriented mainly through N end. The potential dependence of the Raman frequency of nu CN resulted in two different values of electrochemical Stark effect, suggesting the existence of molecular orientation change.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Suzhou University, 215006 Suzhou
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44
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Abstract
We have used the patch-clamp technique to study the effect of dietary K intake on the apical K channels in the medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) of rat kidneys. The channel activity, defined by the number of channels in a patch and the open probability (NPo), of the 30- and 70-pS K channels, was 0.18 and 0.11, respectively, in the mTAL from rats on a K-deficient diet. In contrast, NPo of the 30- and 70-pS K channels increased to 0.60 and 0.80, respectively, in the tubules from animals on a high-K diet. The concentration of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) measured with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was 0.8 pg/microg protein in the mTAL from rats on a high-K diet and increased significantly to 4.6 pg/microg protein in the tubules from rats on a K-deficient diet. Addition of N-methylsulfonyl-12,12-dibromododec-11-enamide (DDMS) or 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA), agents that inhibit the formation of 20-HETE, had no significant effect on the activity of the 30-pS K channels. However, DDMS/17-ODYA significantly increased the activity of the apical 70-pS K channel from 0.11 to 0.91 in the mTAL from rats on a K-deficient diet. In contrast, inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 metabolism of arachidonic acid increased NPo from 0.64 to 0.81 in the tubules from animals on a high-K diet. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the 70-pS K channel to 20-HETE was the same between rats on a high-K diet and on a K-deficient diet. Finally, the pretreatment of the tubules with DDMS increased NPo of the 70-pS K channels in the mTAL from rats on a K-deficient diet to 0.76. We conclude that an increase in 20-HETE production is involved in reducing the activity of the apical 70-pS K channels in the mTAL from rats on a K-deficient diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
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45
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Gu R, Zheng J, Yu L. [Central low frequency hearing loss]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2000; 35:441-5. [PMID: 12768756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the pathogenesis of the bilateral central low frequency hearing loss. METHODS Audiologic findings [auditory brainstem response(ABR), evoked otoacoustic emission (EOAE), et al] of 101 cases with bilateral central low frequency hearing loss were studied. RESULTS The typical clinical manifestations of bilateral central low frequency hearing loss were normal EOAE which cannot be suppressed by contralateral white noise, abnormal ABR, no acoustic reflex and--SP/AP > 0.44. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that cochlear outer hair cells are normal in function with dysfunction of the cochlear nuclei. The main lesion of the disease are neural pathways related to Acoustic reflex and medial olivo-cochlear efferent nervous system. The cochlear afferent nerve may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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46
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Zheng J, Li X, Zhou Y, Gu R. [Self-assembly of nano-structured silver particle and its surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic application]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2000; 20:814-816. [PMID: 12938478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Planar arrays of nano-structured silver particle were self-assembled on poly-lysine modified glass surfaces. SEM characterization indicates that silver particles were assembled as a sub-monolayer. A comparison of the UV/Vis spectra of silver colloid and the arrays demonstrates that the poly-lysine layer showed size selectivity for the self-assembling silver particles. Surface-enhanced FT-Raman spectrum of methylviolegen on the array reveals that Raman scattering in near IR region was mainly enhanced via a chemical enhancement mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Suzhou University, 215006 Suzhou
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47
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Dai P, Jiang S, Gu R. [Cochlear hypoxia and mtDNA deletion: possible correlated factors to cause presbycusis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2000; 80:897-900. [PMID: 11236628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find the relationship among the most common mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 4,977 bp deletion, aging and deterioration of acoustic organ and determine the pathologic factors causing mtDNA 4,977 bp deletion. METHODS Sixty-seven temporal bones from a presbycusis group, an age-matched control group and a young control group were evaluated. The nested PCR and tri-nested PCR techniques were used to test the presence of mtDNA 4,977 deletion. Computer imaging processing was used to measure the parameters of blood vessels in the internal acoustic meatus. RESULTS Temporal bones from patients aged 50 years or over frequently showed mtDNA 4,977 deletions. In presbycusis patients, 17 of 34 ears showed mtDNA 4,977 deletion, whereas only 4 of 19 ears from the age-matched control group showed mtDNA 4,977 deletions. mtDNA 4,977 deletions were often seen in the spiral ganglion and vestibular ganglion neurons. In the presbycusis group, the lumen of the vasa nervosum of the internal auditory meatus showed a more severe reduction in patients with mtDNA 4,977 deletion than in those without deletion. CONCLUSION There is a strong correlation between presbycusis and mtDNA 4,977 deletion. We hypothesize that cochlear hypoxia may cause mtDNA 4,977 deletions and other mtDNA mutants which in turn may cause a reduction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and decreased auditory nerve function. The symptoms of neural presbycusis, however, may appear only after mtDNA metabolism decreases below a specific threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dai
- Otolaryngology Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Cao P, Xu H, Cao W, Zheng J, Gu R, Yao J, Xie Y, Tian Z. [Two-dimensional surface Raman imaging of a roughened iron electrode in saline solution]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2000; 20:800-802. [PMID: 12938473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
By using a confocal microprobe Raman system and proper surface roughening procedure for iron, the pit corrosion behavior of bare iron electrode in 3.4% NaCl (saline solution) solution has been investigated. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of the corrosion products due to the pit corrosion at positive potential was obtained with high ratio of signal to noise. The application of SERS technique has been extended successfully to the study of iron corrosion. The two-dimensional surface Raman imaging acquired at 660 cm-1 was obtained also with the utility of surface Raman image technique. Results show that different iron oxides should coexist in the pit corrosion region and the distribution of the corrosion products was not uniform.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Suzhou University, 215006 Suzhou
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Zheng J, Gu R, Lu T. [Resonance Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of microperoxidase-11]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2000; 20:689-691. [PMID: 12945420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The electron transfer and structure of microperoxidase-11 (MP-11) in solution and at electrode/solution interface were studied by electrochemical, resonance Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic techniques. Results show that the central iron in heme group was six-coordinated in solution, whereas it was converted to five-coordinated state as MP-11 was adsorbed on the surface of a roughened silver electrode, due to the reorientation of MP-11 molecules. The electrochemical properties of MP-11 were directly affected by the coordination state of heme iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Suzhou University, 215006 Suzhou
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Wei Y, Bloom P, Gu R, Wang W. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase reduces the number of apical small conductance K+ channels in the rat cortical collecting duct. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:20502-7. [PMID: 10787405 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000783200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that an increase in the activity of protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) is involved in the down-regulation of the activity of apical small conductance K(+) (SK) channels in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) from rats on a K(+)-deficient diet (). We used the patch clamp technique to investigate the role of protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) in the regulation of the activity of SK channels in the CCD from rats on a high K(+) diet. Western blot analysis indicated that PTP-1D is expressed in the renal cortex. Application of 1 microm phenylarsine oxide (PAO) or 1 mm benzylphosphonic acid, agents that inhibit PTP, reversibly reduced channel activity by 95%. Pretreatment of CCDs with PAO for 30 min decreased the mean NP(o) reversibly from control value 3.20 to 0.40. Addition of 1 microm herbimycin A, an inhibitor of PTK, had no significant effect on channel activity in the CCDs from rats on a high K(+) diet. However, herbimycin A abolished the inhibitory effect of PAO, indicating that the effect of PAO is the result of interaction between PTK and PTP. Addition of brefeldin A, an agent that blocks protein trafficking from Golgi complex to the membrane, had no effect on channel activity. Moreover, application of colchicine, a microtubule inhibitor, or paclitaxel, a microtubule stabilizer, had no effect on channel activity. In contrast, PAO still reduced channel activity in the presence of brefeldin A, colchicine, or paclitaxel. Furthermore, the effect of PAO on channel activity was absent when the tubules were bathed in 16% sucrose-containing bath solution or treated with concanavalin A. We conclude that PTP is involved in the regulation of the activity of SK channels and that inhibition of PTP may facilitate the internalization of the SK channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
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