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Bellucci G, Buscarinu MC, Reniè R, Rinaldi V, Bigi R, Mechelli R, Romano S, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Disentangling multiple sclerosis phenotypes through Mendelian disorders: A network approach. Mult Scler 2024; 30:325-335. [PMID: 38333907 DOI: 10.1177/13524585241227119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing knowledge about multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology has reinforced the need for an improved description of disease phenotypes, connected to disease biology. Growing evidence indicates that complex diseases constitute phenotypical and genetic continuums with "simple," monogenic disorders, suggesting shared pathomechanisms. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to depict a novel MS phenotypical framework leveraging shared physiopathology with Mendelian diseases and to identify phenotype-specific candidate drugs. METHODS We performed an enrichment testing of MS-associated variants with Mendelian disorders genes. We defined a "MS-Mendelian network," further analyzed to define enriched phenotypic subnetworks and biological processes. Finally, a network-based drug screening was implemented. RESULTS Starting from 617 MS-associated loci, we showed a significant enrichment of monogenic diseases (p < 0.001). We defined an MS-Mendelian molecular network based on 331 genes and 486 related disorders, enriched in four phenotypic classes: neurologic, immunologic, metabolic, and visual. We prioritized a total of 503 drugs, of which 27 molecules active in 3/4 phenotypical subnetworks and 140 in subnetwork pairs. CONCLUSION The genetic architecture of MS contains the seeds of pathobiological multiplicities shared with immune, neurologic, metabolic and visual monogenic disorders. This result may inform future classifications of MS endophenotypes and support the development of new therapies in both MS and rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Bellucci
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Reniè
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Rinaldi
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Bigi
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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2
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Gargano F, Guerrera G, Piras E, Serafini B, Di Paola M, Rizzetto L, Buscarinu MC, Annibali V, Vuotto C, De Bardi M, D’Orso S, Ruggieri S, Gasperini C, Pavarini L, Ristori G, Picozza M, Rosicarelli B, Ballerini C, Mechelli R, Vitali F, Cavalieri D, Salvetti M, Angelini DF, Borsellino G, De Filippo C, Battistini L. Proinflammatory mucosal-associated invariant CD8+ T cells react to gut flora yeasts and infiltrate multiple sclerosis brain. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890298. [PMID: 35979352 PMCID: PMC9376942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in shaping the immune system. Modern lifestyle, the inappropriate use of antibiotics, and exposure to pollution have significantly affected the composition of commensal microorganisms. The intestinal microbiota has been shown to sustain inappropriate autoimmune responses at distant sites in animal models of disease, and may also have a role in immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We studied the composition of the gut mycobiota in fecal samples from 27 persons with MS (pwMS) and in 18 healthy donors (HD), including 5 pairs of homozygous twins discordant for MS. We found a tendency towards higher fungal abundance and richness in the MS group, and we observed that MS twins showed a higher rate of food-associated strains, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We then found that in pwMS, a distinct population of cells with antibacterial and antifungal activity is expanded during the remitting phase and markedly decreases during clinically and/or radiologically active disease. These cells, named MAIT (mucosal-associated invariant T cells) lymphocytes, were significantly more activated in pwMS compared to HD in response to S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans strains isolated from fecal samples. This activation was also mediated by fungal-induced IL-23 secretion by innate immune cells. Finally, immunofluorescent stainings of MS post-mortem brain tissues from persons with the secondary progressive form of the disease showed that MAIT cells cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain. These results were in agreement with the hypothesis that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota might determine the inappropriate response of a subset of pathogenic mucosal T cells and favor the development of systemic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gargano
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gisella Guerrera
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piras
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Serafini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Neuroscience, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Di Paola
- University of Florence, Department of Biology, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Rizzetto
- Research and Innovation Centre – Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Annibali
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Vuotto
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia D’Orso
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Ruggieri
- Department of Neuroscience “Lancisi”, S. Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Gasperini
- Department of Neuroscience “Lancisi”, S. Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pavarini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- University of Florence, Department of Biology, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Picozza
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Clara Ballerini
- University of Florence, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitali
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marco Salvetti
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela F. Angelini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Borsellino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Borsellino, ; Luca Battistini,
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Borsellino, ; Luca Battistini,
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3
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Umeton R, Bellucci G, Bigi R, Romano S, Buscarinu MC, Reniè R, Rinaldi V, Pizzolato Umeton R, Morena E, Romano C, Mechelli R, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Multiple sclerosis genetic and non-genetic factors interact through the transient transcriptome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7536. [PMID: 35534508 PMCID: PMC9085834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A clinically actionable understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS) etiology goes through GWAS interpretation, prompting research on new gene regulatory models. Our previous investigations suggested heterogeneity in etiology components and stochasticity in the interaction between genetic and non-genetic factors. To find a unifying model for this evidence, we focused on the recently mapped transient transcriptome (TT), that is mostly coded by intergenic and intronic regions, with half-life of minutes. Through a colocalization analysis, here we demonstrate that genomic regions coding for the TT are significantly enriched for MS-associated GWAS variants and DNA binding sites for molecular transducers mediating putative, non-genetic, determinants of MS (vitamin D deficiency, Epstein Barr virus latent infection, B cell dysfunction), indicating TT-coding regions as MS etiopathogenetic hotspots. Future research comparing cell-specific transient and stable transcriptomes may clarify the interplay between genetic variability and non-genetic factors causing MS. To this purpose, our colocalization analysis provides a freely available data resource at www.mscoloc.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Umeton
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Gianmarco Bellucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Bigi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Reniè
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Rinaldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pizzolato Umeton
- Department of Neurology, UMass Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA, USA.,University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emanuele Morena
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Bellucci G, Umeton R, Bigi R, Romano S, Buscarinu MC, Reniè R, Rinaldi V, Umeton RP, Morena E, Romano C, Mechelli R, Salvetti M, Ristori G. GWAS-associated variants, non-genetic factors, and transient transcriptome in multiple sclerosis etiopathogenesis: A colocalization analysis. J Neurol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.118157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Bellucci G, Rinaldi V, Buscarinu MC, Reniè R, Bigi R, Pellicciari G, Morena E, Romano C, Marrone A, Mechelli R, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Multiple Sclerosis and SARS-CoV-2: Has the Interplay Started? Front Immunol 2021; 12:755333. [PMID: 34646278 PMCID: PMC8503550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) etiopathogenesis encompasses complex interactions between the host's genetic background and several environmental factors that result in dysimmunity against the central nervous system. An old-aged association exists between MS and viral infections, capable of triggering and sustaining neuroinflammation through direct and indirect mechanisms. The novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has a remarkable, and still not fully understood, impact on the immune system: the occurrence and severity of both acute COVID-19 and post-infectious chronic illness (long COVID-19) largely depends on the host's response to the infection, that echoes several aspects of MS pathobiology. Furthermore, other MS-associated viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), may enhance a mechanistic interplay with the novel Coronavirus, with the potential to interfere in MS natural history. Studies on COVID-19 in people with MS have helped clinicians in adjusting therapeutic strategies during the pandemic; similar efforts are being made for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns. In this Review, we look over 18 months of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from the perspective of MS: we dissect neuroinflammatory and demyelinating mechanisms associated with COVID-19, summarize pathophysiological crossroads between MS and SARS-CoV-2 infection, and discuss present evidence on COVID-19 and its vaccination in people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Bellucci
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Rinaldi
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Reniè
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Bigi
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellicciari
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Morena
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Marrone
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Buscarinu MC, Gargano F, Lionetto L, Capi M, Morena E, Fornasiero A, Reniè R, Landi AC, Pellicciari G, Romano C, Mechelli R, Romano S, Borsellino G, Battistini L, Simmaco M, Fagnani C, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Intestinal Permeability and Circulating CD161+CCR6+CD8+T Cells in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Dimethylfumarate. Front Neurol 2021; 12:683398. [PMID: 34512507 PMCID: PMC8426620 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.683398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The changes of the gut-brain axis have been recently recognized as important components in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of DMF on intestinal barrier permeability and mucosal immune responses. Methods: We investigated intestinal permeability (IP) and circulating CD161+CCR6+CD8+T cells in 25 patients with MS, who met eligibility criteria for dimethyl-fumarate (DMF) treatment. These data, together with clinical/MRI parameters, were studied at three time-points: baseline (before therapy), after one (T1) and 9 months (T2) of treatment. Results: At baseline 16 patients (64%) showed altered IP, while 14 cases (56%) showed active MRI. During DMF therapy we found the expected decrease of disease activity at MRI compared to T0 (6/25 at T1, p = 0.035 and 3/25 at T2, p < 0.00), and a reduction in the percentage of CD161+CCR6+CD8+ T cells (16/23 at T2; p < 0.001). The effects of DMF on gut barrier alterations was variable, without a clear longitudinal pattern, while we found significant relationships between IP changes and drop of MRI activity (p = 0.04) and circulating CD161+CCr6+CD8+ T cells (p = 0.023). Conclusions: The gut barrier is frequently altered in MS, and the CD161+ CCR6+CD8+ T cell-subset shows dynamics which correlate with disease course and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Buscarinu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gargano
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Lionetto
- Mass Spectrometry Section, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Capi
- Mass Spectrometry Section, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Morena
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Fornasiero
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Reniè
- Department of Clinical-Experimental Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna C Landi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellicciari
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Department of Clinical-Experimental Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Borsellino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Mass Spectrometry Section, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Higher Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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7
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Ferraldeschi M, Romano S, Giglio S, Romano C, Morena E, Mechelli R, Annibali V, Ubaldi M, Buscarinu MC, Umeton R, Sani G, Vecchione A, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Circulating hsa-miR-323b-3p in Huntington's Disease: A Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:657973. [PMID: 34025560 PMCID: PMC8131841 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.657973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The momentum of gene therapy in Huntington's disease (HD) deserves biomarkers from easily accessible fluid. We planned a study to verify whether plasma miRNome may provide useful peripheral “reporter(s)” for the management of HD patients. We performed an exploratory microarray study of whole non-coding RNA profiles in plasma from nine patients with HD and 13 matched controls [eight healthy subjects (HS) and five psychiatric patients (PP) to minimize possible iatrogenic impact on the profile of non-coding RNAs]. We found an HD-specific signature: downregulation of hsa-miR-98 (fold change, −1.5, p = 0.0338 HD vs. HS, and fold change, 1.5, p = 0.0045 HD vs. PP) and upregulation of hsa-miR-323b-3p (fold change, 1.5, p = 0.0007 HD vs. HS, and fold change, 1.5, p = 0.0111 HD vs. PP). To validate this result in an independent cohort, we quantify by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) the presence of the two microRNA in the plasma of 33 HD patients and 49 matched controls (25 HS and 24 PP patients). We were able to confirm that hsa-miR-323b-3p was upregulated in HD and premanifest HD vs. HS and PP: the median values (first–third quartile) were 4.1 (0.9–10.53) and 5.8 (1.9–10.70) vs. 0.69 (0.3–2.75) and 1.4 (0.78–2.70), respectively, p < 0.05. No significant difference was found for hsa-miR-98. To evaluate the biological plausibility of the hsa-miR-323b-3p as a component of the disease pathophysiology, we performed a bioinformatic analysis based on its targetome and the huntingtin (HTT) interactome. We found a statistically significant overconnectivity between the targetome of hsa-miR-323b-3p and the HTT interactome (p = 1.48e−08). Furthermore, there was a significant transcription regulation of the HTT interactome by the miR-323b-3p targetome (p = 0.02). The availability of handy, reproducible, and minimally invasive biomarkers coming from peripheral miRNome may be valuable to characterize the illness progression, to indicate new therapeutic targets, and to monitor the effect of disease-modifying treatments. Our data deserve further studies with larger sample size and longitudinal design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Romano
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Giglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto i of Rome, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Morena
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Annibali
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Ubaldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Umeton
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Surgical Pathology Units, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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8
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Angeloni B, Bigi R, Bellucci G, Mechelli R, Ballerini C, Romano C, Morena E, Pellicciari G, Reniè R, Rinaldi V, Buscarinu MC, Romano S, Ristori G, Salvetti M. A Case of Double Standard: Sex Differences in Multiple Sclerosis Risk Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073696. [PMID: 33918133 PMCID: PMC8037645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a complex, multifactorial, dysimmune disease prevalent in women. Its etiopathogenesis is extremely intricate, since each risk factor behaves as a variable that is interconnected with others. In order to understand these interactions, sex must be considered as a determining element, either in a protective or pathological sense, and not as one of many variables. In particular, sex seems to highly influence immune response at chromosomal, epigenetic, and hormonal levels. Environmental and genetic risk factors cannot be considered without sex, since sex-based immunological differences deeply affect disease onset, course, and prognosis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying sex-based differences is necessary in order to develop a more effective and personalized therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Angeloni
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (C.R.); (E.M.); (G.P.); (R.R.); (V.R.); (M.C.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Rachele Bigi
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (C.R.); (E.M.); (G.P.); (R.R.); (V.R.); (M.C.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Gianmarco Bellucci
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (C.R.); (E.M.); (G.P.); (R.R.); (V.R.); (M.C.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare San Raffaele Pisana (IRCCS), 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Ballerini
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (C.R.); (E.M.); (G.P.); (R.R.); (V.R.); (M.C.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Carmela Romano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (C.R.); (E.M.); (G.P.); (R.R.); (V.R.); (M.C.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Emanuele Morena
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (C.R.); (E.M.); (G.P.); (R.R.); (V.R.); (M.C.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Giulia Pellicciari
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (C.R.); (E.M.); (G.P.); (R.R.); (V.R.); (M.C.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Roberta Reniè
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (C.R.); (E.M.); (G.P.); (R.R.); (V.R.); (M.C.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Virginia Rinaldi
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (C.R.); (E.M.); (G.P.); (R.R.); (V.R.); (M.C.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (C.R.); (E.M.); (G.P.); (R.R.); (V.R.); (M.C.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Silvia Romano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (C.R.); (E.M.); (G.P.); (R.R.); (V.R.); (M.C.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (C.R.); (E.M.); (G.P.); (R.R.); (V.R.); (M.C.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), 00179 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (B.A.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (C.R.); (E.M.); (G.P.); (R.R.); (V.R.); (M.C.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
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9
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Bellucci G, Ballerini C, Mechelli R, Bigi R, Rinaldi V, Reniè R, Buscarinu MC, Baranzini SE, Madireddy L, Matarese G, Salvetti M, Ristori G. SARS-CoV-2 meta-interactome suggests disease-specific, autoimmune pathophysiologies and therapeutic targets. F1000Res 2020; 9:992. [PMID: 33456761 PMCID: PMC7791351 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25593.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with multiple comorbidities and is characterized by an auto-aggressive inflammatory state leading to massive collateral damage. To identify preventive and therapeutic strategies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is important to ascertain the molecular interactions between virus and host, and how they translate into disease pathophysiology. Methods: We matched virus-human protein interactions of human coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses with lists of genes associated with autoimmune diseases and comorbidities associated to worse COVID-19 course. We then selected the genes included in the statistically significant intersection between SARS-CoV-2 network and disease associated gene sets, identifying a meta-interactome. We analyzed the meta-interactome genes expression in samples derived from lungs of infected humans, and their regulation by IFN-β. Finally, we performed a drug repurposing screening to target the network's most critical nodes. Results: We found a significant enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 interactors in immunological pathways and a strong association with autoimmunity and three prognostically relevant conditions (type 2 diabetes, coronary artery diseases, asthma), that present more independent physiopathological subnetworks. We observed a reduced expression of meta-interactome genes in human lungs after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a regulatory potential of type I interferons. We also underscored multiple repurposable drugs to tailor the therapeutic strategies. Conclusions: Our data underscored a plausible genetic background that may contribute to the distinct observed pathophysiologies of severe COVID-19. Also, these results may help identify the most promising therapeutic targets and treatments for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Bellucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00189, Italy
| | - Chiara Ballerini
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00189, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- San Raffaele Roma Open University; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Rachele Bigi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00189, Italy
| | - Virginia Rinaldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00189, Italy
| | - Roberta Reniè
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00189, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00189, Italy
| | - Sergio E. Baranzini
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Lohith Madireddy
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00189, Italy
- Neuromed: IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM), Pozzilli, 86077, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00189, Italy
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10
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Agresti C, Mechelli R, Olla S, Veroni C, Eleuteri C, Ristori G, Salvetti M. Oxidative Status in Multiple Sclerosis and Off-Targets of Antioxidants: The Case of Edaravone. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2095-2105. [PMID: 30678613 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190124122752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MS is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration, with a complex and still to be clarified aetiology. Several data, coming from patients' samples and from animal models, show that Oxidative Status (OS) plays an important role in MS pathogenesis. Overproduction of reactive oxidative species by macrophages/microglia can bring about cellular injury and ensuing cell death by oxidizing cardinal cellular components. Oxidized molecules are present in active MS lesions and are associated with neurodegeneration. METHODS We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature focusing on OS in MS. The contents of the selected papers were described in the context of a conceptual framework. A special emphasis was given to the results of our study in the field. RESULTS The results of our three recent studies were put in the context and discussed taking into account the literature on the topic. Oxidative damage underpinned an imbalance shared by MS and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. In people with clinically isolated syndrome (an early phase of MS) oxidative stress proved to contribute to disease pathophysiology and to provide biomarkers that may help predict disease evolution. A drug screening platform based on multiple assays to test the remyelinating potential of library of approved compounds showed two anti-oxidants, edaravone and 5-methyl-7- methoxyisoflavone, as active drugs. Moreover, an analysis of 'structure activity relationship' showed off-targets sites of these compounds that accounted for their remyelinating activity, irrespective of their antioxidant action. CONCLUSION Overall, edaravone emerges as a candidate to treat complex disease such as MS, where inflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration contribute to disease progression, together or individually, in different phases and disease types. Furthermore, approaches based on drug repositioning seem to maintain the promise of helping discover novel treatment for complex diseases, where molecular targets are largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Agresti
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.,Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Olla
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Caterina Veroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Eleuteri
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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11
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Buscarinu MC, Fornasiero A, Romano S, Ferraldeschi M, Mechelli R, Reniè R, Morena E, Romano C, Pellicciari G, Landi AC, Salvetti M, Ristori G. The Contribution of Gut Barrier Changes to Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1916. [PMID: 31555257 PMCID: PMC6724505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier consists of several components, including the mucus layer, made of mucins and anti-bacterial molecule, the epithelial cells, connected by tight junction proteins, and a mixed population of cells involved in the interplay with microbes, such as M cells, elongations of “antigen presenting cells” dwelling the lamina propria, intraepithelial lymphocytes and Paneth cells secreting anti-bacterial peptides. Recently, the influence of intestinal permeability (IP) changes on organs far from gut has been investigated, and IP changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been described. A related topic is the microbiota dysfunction that underpins the development of neuroinflammation in animal models and human diseases, including MS. It becomes now of interest to better understand the mechanisms through which IP changes contribute to pathophysiology of neuroinflammation. The following aspects seem of relevance: studies on other biomarkers of IP alterations; the relationship with known risk factors for MS development, such as vitamin D deficiency; the link between blood brain barrier and gut barrier breakdown; the effects of IP increase on microbial translocation and microglial activation; the parallel patterns of IP and neuroimmune changes in MS and neuropsychiatric disorders, that afflict a sizable proportion of patients with MS. We will also discuss the therapeutic implications of IP changes, considering the impact of MS-modifying therapies on gut barrier, as well as potential approaches to enhance or protect IP homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Fornasiero
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rosella Mechelli
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Reniè
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Morena
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellicciari
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Landi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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12
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Romano S, Ferraldeschi M, Bagnato F, Mechelli R, Morena E, Caldano M, Buscarinu MC, Fornasiero A, Frontoni M, Nociti V, Mirabella M, Mayer F, Bertolotto A, Pozzilli C, Vanacore N, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Drug Holiday of Interferon Beta 1b in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot, Randomized, Single Blind Study of Non-inferiority. Front Neurol 2019; 10:695. [PMID: 31379701 PMCID: PMC6646514 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To compare a schedule with cyclic withdrawal (CW) of interferon beta (IFN-b) 1b, respect to the full regimen (FR), in relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS). Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to CW or FR schedule and monthly monitored with brain MRI scans for 12 months (three of run-in and 9 of treatment). CW schedule included drug withdrawal for 1 month after two of treatment for a total of three quarters over the 9-month treatment period. The assessing neurologist and the expert neuroradiologists were blind. After the blind phase of the study all participants took their indicated disease modifying therapies in a prospectively planned, open-label extension phase (up to 120 months). Results: Of 60 randomized subjects 56 (29 in FR and 27 in CW group) completed the single-blind phase: the two groups were comparable, except for a non-significant difference in the number of contrast-enhanced lesions (CEL) at the end of run-in. The two-sided 90% CI for the ratio between median number of cumulative CEL was 0.29–1.07, allowing to significantly reject the null hypothesis of a ratio ≥1.2 and to meet the primary end-point of non-inferiority (the threshold and the ratio between median were chosen according to the non-normal distribution of the data). The differences (CW vs. FR) were also non-significant for secondary end points: mean cumulative number of T2-weighted new and enlarging lesions (3.48 ± 5.34 vs. 3.86 ± 6.76); mean number and volume (cm3) of black holes (1.24 ± 1.61 vs. 2.71 ± 4.56; 489.11 ± 1488.12 vs. 204.48 ± 396.98); number of patients with at least an active scan (21 vs. 22); mean relapse rate (0.52 ± 0.89 vs. 0.34 ± 0.66), relapse risk ratio adjusted for baseline variables (2.15 [0.64–7.18]), EDSS score (1.0 [1–1.56] vs. 1.5 [1–1.78]), proportion of patients with antibodies anti-IFN (5 [21%] vs. 8 [36%]). Fifty-four patients (27 for each study arm) completed the open-label phase. The annualized RR, EDSS, proportion of patients shifting to progressive disease and hazard ratio of shifting, adjusting for baseline covariates, were comparable between the two study groups. Conclusions: A calendar with CW was non-inferior than FR at the beginning of IFN-b therapy, and may not affect the long-term outcome. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT00270816
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Romano
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Ferraldeschi
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bagnato
- Neuroimmunology Division, Department of Neurology, Neuroimaging Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Morena
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Caldano
- Neurologia - Centro Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, San Luigi Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Fornasiero
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Frontoni
- D.A.I. Neurosciences and Mental Health, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Nociti
- Università Cattolica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli, " Rome, Italy.,Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Mayer
- National Centre of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Bertolotto
- Neurologia - Centro Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, San Luigi Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Pozzilli
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Vanacore
- National Centre of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Severa M, Rizzo F, Srinivasan S, Di Dario M, Giacomini E, Buscarinu MC, Cruciani M, Etna MP, Sandini S, Mechelli R, Farina A, Trivedi P, Hertzog PJ, Salvetti M, Farina C, Coccia EM. A cell type-specific transcriptomic approach to map B cell and monocyte type I interferon-linked pathogenic signatures in Multiple Sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2019; 101:1-16. [PMID: 31047767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alteration in endogenous Interferon (IFN) system may profoundly impact immune cell function in autoimmune diseases. Here, we provide evidence that dysregulation in IFN-regulated genes and pathways are involved in B cell- and monocyte-driven pathogenic contribution to Multiple Sclerosis (MS) development and maintenance. In particular, by using an Interferome-based cell type-specific approach, we characterized an increased susceptibility to an IFN-linked caspase-3 dependent apoptotic cell death in both B cells and monocytes of MS patients that may arise from their chronic activation and persistent stimulation by activated T cells. Ongoing caspase-3 activation functionally impacts on MS monocyte properties influencing the STAT-3/IL-16 axis, thus, driving increased expression and massive release of the bio-active IL-16 triggering and perpetuating CD4+ T cell migration. Importantly, our analysis also identified a previously unknown multi-component defect in type I IFN-mediated signaling and response to virus pathways specific of MS B cells, impacting on induction of anti-viral responses and Epstein-barr virus infection control in patients. Taking advantage of cell type-specific transcriptomics and in-depth functional validation, this study revealed pathogenic contribution of endogenous IFN signaling and IFN-regulated cell processes to MS pathogenesis with implications on fate and functions of B cells and monocytes that may hold therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Rizzo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sundararajan Srinivasan
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Di Dario
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Giacomini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Cruciani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena P Etna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Sandini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University and IRCCS San Raffaele-Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Farina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana M Coccia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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14
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La Starza S, Ferraldeschi M, Buscarinu MC, Romano S, Fornasiero A, Mechelli R, Umeton R, Ristori G, Salvetti M. Genome-Wide Multiple Sclerosis Association Data and Coagulation. Front Neurol 2019; 10:95. [PMID: 30837932 PMCID: PMC6383413 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging concept of a crosstalk between hemostasis, inflammation, and immune system prompt recent works on coagulation cascade in multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies on MS pathology identified several coagulation factors since the beginning of the disease pathophysiology: fibrin deposition with breakdown of blood brain barrier, and coagulation factors within active plaques may exert pathogenic role, especially through the innate immune system. Studies on circulating coagulation factors showed complex imbalance involving several components of hemostasis cascade (thrombin, factor X, factor XII). To analyze the role of the coagulation process in connection with other pathogenic pathways, we implemented a systematic matching of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data with an informative and unbiased network of coagulation pathways. Using MetaCore (version 6.35 build 69300, 2018) we analyzed the connectivity (i.e., direct and indirect interactions among two networks) between the network of the coagulation process and the network resulting from feeding into MetaCore the MS GWAS data. The two networks presented a remarkable over-connectivity: 958 connections vs. 561 expected by chance; z-score = 17.39; p-value < 0.00001. Moreover, genes coding for cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) and plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU) shared both networks, pointed to an integral interplay between coagulation cascade and main pathogenic immune effectors. In fact, CD40 pathways is especially operative in B cells, that are currently a major therapeutic target in MS field. The potential interaction of PLAU with a signal of paramount importance for B cell pathogenicity, such as CD40, suggest new lines of research and pave the way to implement new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara La Starza
- Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopaedics, Head and Neck Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Ferraldeschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Fornasiero
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Umeton
- Department of Informatics & Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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15
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Castaldo I, De Rosa M, Romano A, Zuchegna C, Squitieri F, Mechelli R, Peluso S, Borrelli C, Del Mondo A, Salvatore E, Vescovi LA, Migliore S, De Michele G, Ristori G, Romano S, Avvedimento EV, Porcellini A. DNA damage signatures in peripheral blood cells as biomarkers in prodromal huntington disease. Ann Neurol 2019; 85:296-301. [PMID: 30549309 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Easily accessible biomarkers in Huntington disease (HD) are actively searched. We investigated telomere length and DNA double-strand breaks (histone variant pγ-H2AX) as predictive disease biomarkers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 25 premanifest subjects, 58 HD patients with similar CAG expansion in the huntingtin gene (HTT), and 44 healthy controls (HC). PBMC from the pre-HD and HD groups showed shorter telomeres (p < 0.0001) and a significant increase of pγ-H2AX compared to the controls (p < 0.0001). The levels of pγ-H2AX correlated robustly with the presence of the mutated gene in pre-HD and HD. The availability of a potentially reversible biomarker (pγ-H2AX) in the premanifest stage of HD, negligible in HC, provides a novel tool to monitor premanifest subjects and find patient-specific drugs. Ann Neurol 2018;00:1-6 ANN NEUROL 2019;85:296-301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imma Castaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria De Rosa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Romano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Candida Zuchegna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Squitieri
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Cure (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (Rome-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (CSS) Mendel), San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Peluso
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristiana Borrelli
- Italian League for Research on Huntington and Related Diseases Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Del Mondo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Salvatore
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Angelo Vescovi
- Scientific Institute for Research and Cure (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Innovative Therapies, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Simone Migliore
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Cure (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (Rome-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (CSS) Mendel), San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Michele
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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16
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Annibali V, Umeton R, Palermo A, Severa M, Etna MP, Giglio S, Romano S, Ferraldeschi M, Buscarinu MC, Vecchione A, Annese A, Policano C, Mechelli R, Pizzolato Umeton R, Fornasiero A, Angelini DF, Guerrera G, Battistini L, Coccia EM, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Analysis of coding and non-coding transcriptome of peripheral B cells reveals an altered interferon response factor (IRF)-1 pathway in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:165-171. [PMID: 30270021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Several evidences emphasize B-cell pathogenic roles in multiple sclerosis (MS). We performed transcriptome analyses on peripheral B cells from therapy-free patients and age/sex-matched controls. Down-regulation of two transcripts (interferon response factor 1-IRF1, and C-X-C motif chemokine 10-CXCL10), belonging to the same pathway, was validated by RT-PCR in 26 patients and 21 controls. IRF1 and CXCL10 transcripts share potential seeding sequences for hsa-miR-424, that resulted up-regulated in MS patients. We confirmed this interaction and its functional effect by transfection experiments. Consistent findings indicate down-regulation of IRF1/CXCL10 axis, that may plausibly contribute to a pro-survival status of B cells in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Annibali
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Umeton
- Department of Informatics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Antonia Palermo
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Calabria
| | - Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Paola Etna
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Giglio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Ferraldeschi
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anita Annese
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Policano
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Fornasiero
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Eliana Marina Coccia
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed (M.S.), Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Srinivasan S, Severa M, Rizzo F, Menon R, Brini E, Mechelli R, Martinelli V, Hertzog P, Salvetti M, Furlan R, Martino G, Comi G, Coccia EM, Farina C. Author Correction: Transcriptional dysregulation of Interferome in experimental and human Multiple Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7615. [PMID: 29752443 PMCID: PMC5948220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sundararajan Srinivasan
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Rizzo
- Department of Infectious diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramesh Menon
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Brini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- University "La Sapienza" Rome, Dept. Neurological Sciences, MS center of S. Andrea Hospital, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Martinelli
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Hertzog
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 3168, Clayton, IS, Australia
| | - Marco Salvetti
- University "La Sapienza" Rome, Dept. Neurological Sciences, MS center of S. Andrea Hospital, 00185, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana M Coccia
- Department of Infectious diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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18
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Buscarinu MC, Romano S, Mechelli R, Pizzolato Umeton R, Ferraldeschi M, Fornasiero A, Reniè R, Cerasoli B, Morena E, Romano C, Loizzo ND, Umeton R, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Intestinal Permeability in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:68-74. [PMID: 29119385 PMCID: PMC5794695 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of intestinal permeability (IP) have been extensively investigated in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and celiac disease (CD), underpinned by a known unbalance between microbiota, IP and immune responses in the gut. Recently the influence of IP on brain function has greatly been appreciated. Previous works showed an increased IP that preceded experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development and worsened during disease with disruption of TJ. Moreover, studying co-morbidity between Crohn's disease and MS, a report described increased IP in a minority of cases with MS. In a recent work we found that an alteration of IP is a relatively frequent event in relapsing-remitting MS, with a possible genetic influence on the determinants of IP changes (as inferable from data on twins); IP changes included a deficit of the active mechanism of absorption from intestinal lumen. The results led us to hypothesize that gut may contribute to the development of MS, as suggested by another previous work of our group: a population of CD8+CD161high T cells, belonging to the mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a gut- and liver-homing subset, proved to be of relevance for MS pathogenesis. We eventually suggest future lines of research on IP in MS: studies on IP changes in patients under first-line oral drugs may result useful to improve their therapeutic index; correlating IP and microbiota changes, or IP and blood-brain barrier changes may help clarify disease pathogenesis; exploiting the IP data to disclose co-morbidities in MS, especially with CD and IBD, may be important for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Buscarinu
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - S Romano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - R Mechelli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - R Pizzolato Umeton
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - M Ferraldeschi
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Fornasiero
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - R Reniè
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - B Cerasoli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - E Morena
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - C Romano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - N D Loizzo
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - R Umeton
- Department of Informatics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - G Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Eleuteri C, Olla S, Veroni C, Umeton R, Mechelli R, Romano S, Buscarinu MC, Ferrari F, Calò G, Ristori G, Salvetti M, Agresti C. A staged screening of registered drugs highlights remyelinating drug candidates for clinical trials. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45780. [PMID: 28387380 PMCID: PMC5384285 DOI: 10.1038/srep45780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no treatment for the myelin loss in multiple sclerosis, ultimately resulting in the axonal degeneration that leads to the progressive phase of the disease. We established a multi-tiered platform for the sequential screening of drugs that could be repurposed as remyelinating agents. We screened a library of 2,000 compounds (mainly Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounds and natural products) for cellular metabolic activity on mouse oligodendrocyte precursors (OPC), identifying 42 molecules with significant stimulating effects. We then characterized the effects of these compounds on OPC proliferation and differentiation in mouse glial cultures, and on myelination and remyelination in organotypic cultures. Three molecules, edaravone, 5-methyl-7-methoxyisoflavone and lovastatin, gave positive results in all screening tiers. We validated the results by retesting independent stocks of the compounds, analyzing their purity, and performing dose-response curves. To identify the chemical features that may be modified to enhance the compounds' activity, we tested chemical analogs and identified, for edaravone, the functional groups that may be essential for its activity. Among the selected remyelinating candidates, edaravone appears to be of strong interest, also considering that this drug has been approved as a neuroprotective agent for acute ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Eleuteri
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - S. Olla
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - C. Veroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - R. Umeton
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - R. Mechelli
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - S. Romano
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - MC. Buscarinu
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - F. Ferrari
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G. Calò
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G. Ristori
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - M. Salvetti
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - C. Agresti
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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20
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Giacomini E, Rizzo F, Etna MP, Cruciani M, Mechelli R, Buscarinu MC, Pica F, D’Agostini C, Salvetti M, Coccia EM, Severa M. Thymosin-α1 expands deficient IL-10-producing regulatory B cell subsets in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2017; 24:127-139. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458517695892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: B cells are key pathogenic effectors in multiple sclerosis (MS) and several therapies have been designed to restrain B cell abnormalities by directly targeting this lymphocyte population. Objectives: Moving from our data showing a Toll-like receptor (TLR)7-driven dysregulation of B cell response in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and having found a low serum level of Thymosin-α1 (Tα1) in patients, we investigated whether the addition of this molecule to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) would influence the expansion of regulatory B cell subsets, known to dampen autoimmune inflammation. Methods: Serum Tα1 level was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Cytokine expression was evaluated by Cytometric Bead Array (CBA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). B cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Tα1 pre-treatment induces an anti-inflammatory status in TLR7-stimulated RRMS PBMC cultures, reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-1β while significantly increasing the regulatory IL-10 and IL-35. Indeed, Tα1 treatment enhanced expansion of CD19+CD24+CD38hi transitional-immature and CD24low/negCD38hi plasmablast-like regulatory B cell subsets, which likely inhibit both interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-17 production. Conclusion:: Our study reveals a deficient ability of B cells from MS patients to differentiate into regulatory subsets and unveils a novel anti-inflammatory and repurposing potential for Tα1 in MS targeting B cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giacomini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Rizzo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena P Etna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Cruciani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pica
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cartesio D’Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy/Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eliana M Coccia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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21
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Chiara M, Manzari C, Lionetti C, Mechelli R, Anastasiadou E, Chiara Buscarinu M, Ristori G, Salvetti M, Picardi E, D'Erchia AM, Pesole G, Horner DS. Geographic Population Structure in Epstein-Barr Virus Revealed by Comparative Genomics. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:3284-3291. [PMID: 27635051 PMCID: PMC5203774 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latently infects the majority of the human population and is implicated as a causal or contributory factor in numerous diseases. We sequenced 27 complete EBV genomes from a cohort of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls from Italy, although no variants showed a statistically significant association with MS. Taking advantage of the availability of ∼130 EBV genomes with known geographical origins, we reveal a striking geographic distribution of EBV sub-populations with distinct allele frequency distributions. We discuss mechanisms that potentially explain these observations, and their implications for understanding the association of EBV with human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Chiara
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Manzari
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Lionetti
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Picardi
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D'Erchia
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - David S Horner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy .,Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
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22
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Buscarinu MC, Cerasoli B, Annibali V, Policano C, Lionetto L, Capi M, Mechelli R, Romano S, Fornasiero A, Mattei G, Piras E, Angelini DF, Battistini L, Simmaco M, Umeton R, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Altered intestinal permeability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. Mult Scler 2016; 23:442-446. [PMID: 27270497 DOI: 10.1177/1352458516652498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations of intestinal permeability (IP) may contribute to the pathophysiology of immune-mediated diseases. OBJECTIVE We investigated the possible association between IP changes and multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We studied 22 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy donors (HDs), including five twin pairs (one concordant, and four discordant for disease). Measurement of lactulose (L) and mannitol (M; two non-metabolized sugars) levels in urine samples, after an oral load, allowed to quantify gut dysfunction. RESULTS The proportion of participants with increased IP was significantly higher in patients than in HDs (16/22 (73%) versus 5/18 (28%); p = 0.001). Accordingly, the L/M urinary ratio showed significantly higher values in patients than in controls ( p = 0.0284). Urinary mannitol concentration was significantly lower in patients than in controls ( p = 0.022), suggesting a deficit of absorption from intestinal lumen. Such changes did not appear related to patients' clinical-radiological features. CONCLUSION The relatively high proportion of IP changes in RR-MS patients seems to confirm our work hypothesis and warrants more work to confirm the result on a larger sample, and to understand the implications for related immunological disturbances and intestinal microbiota alterations. Our finding may also have relevance for oral treatments, recently introduced in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cerasoli
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Annibali
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Policano
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Lionetto
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostics Unit, IDI-IRCCS, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Capi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Fornasiero
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mattei
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piras
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Umeton
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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23
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D'Orazio G, Parisi G, Policano C, Mechelli R, Codacci Pisanelli G, Pitaro M, Ristori G, Salvetti M, Nicotra F, La Ferla B. Arsenical C-Glucoside Derivatives with Promising Antitumor Activity. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-Site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-Site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-Site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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25
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Ricigliano VAG, Handel AE, Sandve GK, Annibali V, Ristori G, Mechelli R, Cader MZ, Salvetti M. EBNA2 binds to genomic intervals associated with multiple sclerosis and overlaps with vitamin D receptor occupancy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119605. [PMID: 25853421 PMCID: PMC4390304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a non-heritable factor that associates with multiple sclerosis (MS). However its causal relationship with the disease is still unclear. The virus establishes a complex co-existence with the host that includes regulatory influences on gene expression. Hence, if EBV contributes to the pathogenesis of MS it may do so by interacting with disease predisposing genes. To verify this hypothesis we evaluated EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2, a protein that recent works by our and other groups have implicated in disease development) binding inside MS associated genomic intervals. We found that EBNA2 binding occurs within MS susceptibility sites more than expected by chance (factor of observed vs expected overlap [O/E] = 5.392-fold, p < 2.0e-05). This remains significant after controlling for multiple genomic confounders. We then asked whether this observation is significant per se or should also be viewed in the context of other disease relevant gene-environment interactions, such as those attributable to vitamin D. We therefore verified the overlap between EBNA2 genomic occupancy and vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding sites. EBNA2 shows a striking overlap with VDR binding sites (O/E = 96.16-fold, p < 2.0e-05), even after controlling for the chromatin accessibility state of shared regions (p <0.001). Furthermore, MS susceptibility regions are preferentially targeted by both EBNA2 and VDR than by EBNA2 alone (enrichment difference = 1.722-fold, p = 0.0267). Taken together, these findings demonstrate that EBV participates in the gene-environment interactions that predispose to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito A. G. Ricigliano
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Adam E. Handel
- Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit and Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Geir K. Sandve
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway
| | - Viviana Annibali
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - M. Zameel Cader
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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26
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Mechelli R, Manzari C, Policano C, Annese A, Picardi E, Umeton R, Fornasiero A, D'Erchia AM, Buscarinu MC, Agliardi C, Annibali V, Serafini B, Rosicarelli B, Romano S, Angelini DF, Ricigliano VAG, Buttari F, Battistini L, Centonze D, Guerini FR, D'Alfonso S, Pesole G, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Epstein-Barr virus genetic variants are associated with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2015; 84:1362-8. [PMID: 25740864 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) gene, which contains the most variable region of the viral genome, in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and control subjects to verify whether virus genetic variants are involved in disease development. METHODS A seminested PCR approach and Sanger sequencing were used to analyze EBNA2 in 53 patients and 38 matched healthy donors (HDs). High-throughput sequencing by Illumina MiSeq was also applied in a subgroup of donors (17 patients and 17 HDs). Patients underwent gadolinium-enhanced MRI and human leucocyte antigen typing. RESULTS MS risk significantly correlated with an excess of 1.2 allele (odds ratio [OR] = 5.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.84-14.32; p = 0.016) and underrepresentation of 1.3B allele (OR = 0.23; 95% CI 0.08-0.51; p = 0.0006). We identified new genetic variants, mostly 1.2 allele- and MS-associated (especially amino acid variation at position 245; OR = 9.4; 95% CI 1.19-78.72; p = 0.0123). In all cases, the consensus sequence from deep sequencing confirmed Sanger sequencing (including the cosegregation of newly identified variants with known EBNA2 alleles) and showed that the extent of genotype intraindividual variability was higher than expected: rare EBNA2 variants were detected in all HDs and patients with MS (range 1-17 and 3-19, respectively). EBNA2 variants did not seem to correlate with human leucocyte antigen typing or clinical/MRI features. CONCLUSIONS Our study unveils a strong association between Epstein-Barr virus genomic variants and MS, reinforcing the idea that Epstein-Barr virus contributes to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Mechelli
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Manzari
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Policano
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Anita Annese
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Picardi
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Umeton
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Fornasiero
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D'Erchia
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Agliardi
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Annibali
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Serafini
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Rosicarelli
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela F Angelini
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Vito A G Ricigliano
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Franca R Guerini
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Alfonso
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- From the Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (R.M., C.P., R.U., V.A.G.R., A.F., V.A., M.C.B., S.R., M.S., G.R.), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome; Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS (F.R.G., C.A.), S. Maria Nascente, Milan; Department of Health Sciences (S.D.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara; Clinica Neurologica (F.B., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Tor Vergata, Rome; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (B.S., B.R.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics (C.M., A.A., A.M.D., E.P., G.P.) University of Bari "Aldo Moro"; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (G.P.), CNR, Bari; and Neuroimmunology Unit (D.F.A., L.B.), Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
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Rizzo F, Giacomini E, Severa M, Mechelli R, Romano S, Gerardo Ricigliano VA, Salvetti M, Coccia EM. 160. Cytokine 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.07.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Annibali V, Mechelli R, Romano S, Buscarinu MC, Fornasiero A, Umeton R, Ricigliano VAG, Orzi F, Coccia EM, Salvetti M, Ristori G. IFN-β and multiple sclerosis: from etiology to therapy and back. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 26:221-8. [PMID: 25466632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several immunomodulatory treatments are currently available for relapsing-remitting forms of multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Interferon beta (IFN) was the first therapeutic intervention able to modify the course of the disease and it is still the most used first-line treatment in RRMS. Though two decades have passed since IFN-β was introduced in the management of MS, it remains a valid approach because of its good benefit/risk profile. This is witnessed by new efforts of pharmaceutical industry to improve this line: a PEGylated form of subcutaneous IFN-β 1a, (Plegridy(®)) with a longer half-life, has been recently approved in RRMS. This review will survey the various stages of the use of type I IFN in MS, with special attention to the effect of the treatment on the supposed viral etiologic factors associated to the disease. The antiviral activities of IFN (that initially prompted its use as immunomodulatory agent in MS), and the mounting evidences in favor of a viral etiology in MS, allowed us to outline a re-appraisal from etiology to therapy and back.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Annibali
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - R Mechelli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - S Romano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - M C Buscarinu
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - A Fornasiero
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - R Umeton
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - V A G Ricigliano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia-I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
| | - F Orzi
- Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - E M Coccia
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - M Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - G Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Coarelli G, Manzari C, Annese A, Anastasiadou E, Policano C, D'erchia AM, Picardi E, Buscarinu MC, Annibali V, Ricigliano VA, Tullo A, Trivedi P, Pesole G, Ristori G, Salvetti M, Mechelli R. Characterization of Epstein–Barr virus genotypes in multiple sclerosis through next generation sequencing approaches. J Neuroimmunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Annibali V, Umeton R, Palermo A, Buscarinu MC, Policano C, Mechelli R, Romano S, Angelini DF, Piras E, Mattei G, Ricigliano VAG, Annese A, Battistini L, Salvetti M, Ristori G. B cell IRF1 pathway is dysregulated in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ricigliano VA, Handel A, Annibali V, Policano C, Ristori G, Salvetti M, Mechelli R. Epstein Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 binding sites distribution overlap with MS-associated regions. J Neuroimmunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Annibali V, Policano C, Buscarinu MC, Lionetto L, Mechelli R, Capi M, Mattei C, Piras E, Angelini DF, Monteleone I, Monteleone G, Battistini L, Simmaco M, Ristori G, Salvetti M. Intestinal permeability in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Calabrese R, Valentini E, Ciccarone F, Guastafierro T, Bacalini MG, Ricigliano VAG, Zampieri M, Annibali V, Mechelli R, Franceschi C, Salvetti M, Caiafa P. TET2 gene expression and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine level in multiple sclerosis peripheral blood cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1130-6. [PMID: 24735979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation can lead to genome destabilization and to deregulated gene expression. Recently, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), derived from oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by the Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes, has been detected. 5hmC is now considered as a new epigenetic DNA modification with relevant roles in cell homeostasis regulating DNA demethylation and transcription. Our aim was to investigate possible changes in the DNA methylation/demethylation machinery in MS. We assessed the expression of enzymes involved in DNA methylation/demethylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 40 subjects with MS and 40 matched healthy controls. We performed also, DNA methylation analysis of specific promoters and analysis of global levels of 5mC and 5hmC. We show that TET2 and DNMT1 expression is significantly down-regulated in MS PBMCs and it is associated with aberrant methylation of their promoters. Furthermore, 5hmC is decreased in MS PBMCs, probably as a result of the diminished TET2 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Calabrese
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation of Rome, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E Valentini
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation of Rome, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Ciccarone
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation of Rome, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - T Guastafierro
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation of Rome, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M G Bacalini
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V A G Ricigliano
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - M Zampieri
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation of Rome, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - V Annibali
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Mechelli
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Franceschi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Salvetti
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Neurology and Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - P Caiafa
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation of Rome, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Mechelli R, Vittori D, Coarelli G, Aimati L, De Luca O, Romano S, Ricigliano VA, Annibali V, Policano C, Mattei C, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Screening for neurotropic viruses in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. Mult Scler 2014; 20:638. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458513501233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Mechelli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Danila Vittori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Aimati
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavia De Luca
- Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Vito A.G. Ricigliano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Annibali
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Policano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Camperio C, Muscolini M, Volpe E, Di Mitri D, Mechelli R, Buscarinu MC, Ruggieri S, Piccolella E, Salvetti M, Gasperini C, Battistini L, Tuosto L. CD28 ligation in the absence of TCR stimulation up-regulates IL-17A and pro-inflammatory cytokines in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis T lymphocytes. Immunol Lett 2014; 158:134-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lolli F, Martini H, Citro A, Franceschini D, Portaccio E, Amato MP, Mechelli R, Annibali V, Sidney J, Sette A, Salvetti M, Barnaba V. Increased CD8+ T cell responses to apoptotic T cell-associated antigens in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:94. [PMID: 23890271 PMCID: PMC3734107 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that CD8+ T cell responses to caspase-cleaved antigens derived from effector T cells undergoing apoptosis, may contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) immunopathology. Methods The percentage of autoreactive CD8+ T effector cells specific for various apoptotic T cell-associated self-epitopes (apoptotic epitopes) were detected in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by both enzyme-linked immunospot and dextramers of class I molecules complexed with relevant apoptotic epitopes. Moreover, the capacity of dextramer+ CD8+ T cells to produce interferon (IFN)-γ and/or interleukin (IL)-17 in response to the relevant apoptotic epitopes was evaluated by the intracellular cytokine staining. Cross-presentation assay of apoptotic T cells by dendritic cells was also evaluated ex vivo. Results We found that polyfunctional (IFN-γ and/or IL-17 producing) autoreactive CD8+ T cells specific for apoptotic epitopes were represented in MS patients with frequencies significantly higher than in healthy donors. These autoreactive CD8+ T cells with a strong potential to produce IFN-γ or IL-17 in response to the relevant apoptotic epitopes were significantly accumulated in the CSF from the same patients. In addition, the frequencies of these autoreactive CD8+ T cells correlated with the disease disability. Cross-presentation assay revealed that caspase-cleaved cellular proteins are required to activate apoptotic epitope-specific CD8+ T cells ex vivo. Conclusion Taken together, these data indicate that apoptotic epitope-specific CD8+ T cells with strong inflammatory potential are recruited at the level of the inflammatory site, where they may be involved in MS immunopathology through the production of high levels of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lolli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche and Neurofarba, Università of Firenze, Azienda Ospedaliera di Careggi, Largo Brambilla 6, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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Giacomini E, Severa M, Rizzo F, Mechelli R, Annibali V, Ristori G, Riccieri V, Salvetti M, Coccia EM. IFN-β therapy modulates B-cell and monocyte crosstalk via TLR7 in multiple sclerosis patients. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1963-72. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giacomini
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome; Italy
| | - Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome; Italy
| | - Fabiana Rizzo
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome; Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital-site; Sapienza University; Rome; Italy
| | - Viviana Annibali
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital-site; Sapienza University; Rome; Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital-site; Sapienza University; Rome; Italy
| | - Valeria Riccieri
- Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities Department; Sapienza University; Rome; Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital-site; Sapienza University; Rome; Italy
| | - Eliana Marina Coccia
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome; Italy
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Mechelli R, Umeton R, Policano C, Annibali V, Coarelli G, Ricigliano VAG, Vittori D, Fornasiero A, Buscarinu MC, Romano S, Salvetti M, Ristori G. A "candidate-interactome" aggregate analysis of genome-wide association data in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63300. [PMID: 23696811 PMCID: PMC3655974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Though difficult, the study of gene-environment interactions in multifactorial diseases is crucial for interpreting the relevance of non-heritable factors and prevents from overlooking genetic associations with small but measurable effects. We propose a “candidate interactome” (i.e. a group of genes whose products are known to physically interact with environmental factors that may be relevant for disease pathogenesis) analysis of genome-wide association data in multiple sclerosis. We looked for statistical enrichment of associations among interactomes that, at the current state of knowledge, may be representative of gene-environment interactions of potential, uncertain or unlikely relevance for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, cytomegalovirus, HHV8-Kaposi sarcoma, H1N1-influenza, JC virus, human innate immunity interactome for type I interferon, autoimmune regulator, vitamin D receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and a panel of proteins targeted by 70 innate immune-modulating viral open reading frames from 30 viral species. Interactomes were either obtained from the literature or were manually curated. The P values of all single nucleotide polymorphism mapping to a given interactome were obtained from the last genome-wide association study of the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium & the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, 2. The interaction between genotype and Epstein Barr virus emerges as relevant for multiple sclerosis etiology. However, in line with recent data on the coexistence of common and unique strategies used by viruses to perturb the human molecular system, also other viruses have a similar potential, though probably less relevant in epidemiological terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Mechelli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Umeton
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Policano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Annibali
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito A. G. Ricigliano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Danila Vittori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Fornasiero
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Romano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Angelini DF, Serafini B, Piras E, Severa M, Coccia EM, Rosicarelli B, Ruggieri S, Gasperini C, Buttari F, Centonze D, Mechelli R, Salvetti M, Borsellino G, Aloisi F, Battistini L. Increased CD8+ T cell response to Epstein-Barr virus lytic antigens in the active phase of multiple sclerosis. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003220. [PMID: 23592979 PMCID: PMC3623710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with an increased Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) seroprevalence and high immune reactivity to EBV and that infectious mononucleosis increases MS risk. This evidence led to postulate that EBV infection plays a role in MS etiopathogenesis, although the mechanisms are debated. This study was designed to assess the prevalence and magnitude of CD8+ T-cell responses to EBV latent (EBNA-3A, LMP-2A) and lytic (BZLF-1, BMLF-1) antigens in relapsing-remitting MS patients (n = 113) and healthy donors (HD) (n = 43) and to investigate whether the EBV-specific CD8+ T cell response correlates with disease activity, as defined by clinical evaluation and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Using HLA class I pentamers, lytic antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses were detected in fewer untreated inactive MS patients than in active MS patients and HD while the frequency of CD8+ T cells specific for EBV lytic and latent antigens was higher in active and inactive MS patients, respectively. In contrast, the CD8+ T cell response to cytomegalovirus did not differ between HD and MS patients, irrespective of the disease phase. Marked differences in the prevalence of EBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses were observed in patients treated with interferon-β and natalizumab, two licensed drugs for relapsing-remitting MS. Longitudinal studies revealed expansion of CD8+ T cells specific for EBV lytic antigens during active disease in untreated MS patients but not in relapse-free, natalizumab-treated patients. Analysis of post-mortem MS brain samples showed expression of the EBV lytic protein BZLF-1 and interactions between cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and EBV lytically infected plasma cells in inflammatory white matter lesions and meninges. We therefore propose that inability to control EBV infection during inactive MS could set the stage for intracerebral viral reactivation and disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Serafini
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piras
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia, (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Eliana M. Coccia
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Rosicarelli
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Ruggieri
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Gasperini
- Department of Neurosciences, S Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Department of Neurosciences, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Department of Neurosciences, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Aloisi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia, (I.R.C.C.S.), Rome, Italy
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Giacomini Elena SM, Rizzo F, Remoli M, Gafa V, Romano S, Mechelli R, Salvetti M, Coccia E. PS1-009. TLR responsiveness of B cells is modulated in patients with multiple sclerosis following IFN-β therapy. Cytokine 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Calabrese R, Zampieri M, Mechelli R, Annibali V, Guastafierro T, Ciccarone F, Coarelli G, Umeton R, Salvetti M, Caiafa P. Methylation-dependent PAD2 upregulation in multiple sclerosis peripheral blood. Mult Scler 2011; 18:299-304. [PMID: 21878453 DOI: 10.1177/1352458511421055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) and peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) are two members of PAD family which are over-expressed in the multiple sclerosis (MS) brain. Through its enzymatic activity PAD2 converts myelin basic protein (MBP) arginines into citrullines - an event that may favour autoimmunity - while peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is involved in chromatin remodelling. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to verify whether an altered epigenetic control of PAD2, as already shown in the MS brain, can be observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with MS since some of these cells also synthesize MBP. METHODS The expression of most suitable reference genes and of PAD2 and PAD4 was assessed by qPCR. Analysis of DNA methylation was performed by bisulfite method. RESULTS The comparison of PAD2 expression level in PBMCs from patients with MS vs. healthy donors showed that, as well as in the white matter of MS patients, the enzyme is significantly upregulated in affected subjects. Methylation pattern analysis of a CpG island located in the PAD2 promoter showed that over-expression is associated with promoter demethylation. CONCLUSION Defective regulation of PAD2 in the periphery, without the immunological shelter of the blood-brain barrier, may contribute to the development of the autoimmune responses in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Calabrese
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Mechelli R, Anderson J, Vittori D, Coarelli G, Annibali V, Cannoni S, Aloisi F, Salvetti M, James JA, Ristori G. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 B-cell epitopes in multiple sclerosis twins. Mult Scler 2011; 17:1290-4. [PMID: 21757535 DOI: 10.1177/1352458511410515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with quantitative observations, the search for qualitative changes that may characterize the immune response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been less intense. OBJECTIVE To examine the B-cell epitopes of antibodies against the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) and their relevance for MS, through a study in disease-discordant identical twins. METHODS We evaluated the antibodies to all unique, maximally overlapping octapeptides of EBNA-1 in 12 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins (9 MS-discordant, 3 healthy), 3 non-twin patients and 2 healthy subjects. All except one of the patients were untreated. The EBV serology of these individuals had been assessed in advance using commercially available and in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, including assays for antibodies against select peptides of EBNA-1: EBNA-72 (GAGGGAGAGG) and EBNA-206 (EADYFEYHQEGGPDGE). RESULTS The glycine-alanine rich domain of EBNA-1 was immunodominant in all subjects. Compared with healthy individuals, and similarly to what has been described in infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients, affected co-twins and non-twin patients had a significantly increased response to another EBNA-1 epitope (aa. 401-411). CONCLUSION In a study that controls for confounders, our data focus an EBNA-1 specificity that may be associated with MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mechelli
- S. Andrea Hospital-site, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Bergamaschi L, Ban M, Barizzone N, Leone M, Ferrante D, Fasano ME, Guerini FR, Corrado L, Naldi P, Dametto E, Agliardi C, Salvetti M, Mechelli R, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Cavalla P, Bargiggia V, Caputo D, Cordera S, Monaco F, Momigliano-Richiardi P, D'Alfonso S. Association of HLA class I markers with multiple sclerosis in the Italian and UK population: evidence of two independent protective effects. J Med Genet 2011; 48:485-92. [PMID: 21441263 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2010.080721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of HLA A*02 with multiple sclerosis (MS) was recently confirmed by the authors, and it was observed that the combined presence of HLA Cw*05 significantly enhanced (threefold) the protective effect of HLA A*02. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Since A*02-Cw*05 is carried by two HLA extended haplotypes characterised by the B*4402 and B*1801 alleles, respectively, the association analysis was extended to HLA B*44 and B*18 in an Italian sample (1445 MS cases and 973 controls) and these associations were verified in a UK cohort (721 MS cases, 408 controls and 480 family trios). RESULTS A strong protective effect, independent of DR15, of the A*02-Cw*05 combination carrying B*44 (OR 0.27, p=3.3×10(-5)) was seen in the Italian samples and confirmed in UK family trios (OR 0.33, p=5.5×10(-4)) and in a combined cohort of UK families and case-controls (OR 0.53, p=0.044). This protective effect was significantly stronger than that mediated by A*02 alone. Logistic regression showed that A*02-Cw*05 maintained a significant protection when adjusted for B alleles (Italy: OR 0.38, p=6.5×10(-7); UK: OR 0.60, p=0.0029), indicating that it was not secondary to linkage disequilibrium with B*44. Different from A*02, the other HLA class I tested markers individually showed no significant (Cw*05, B*18) or a modest (B*44) protection when adjusted for the remaining markers. CONCLUSIONS This study identified at least two independent protective effects which are tagged by A*02-Cw*05 and A*02, respectively. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether this protective effect is due to the presence of an unanalysed factor characterising the HLA extended haplotype(s) carrying A*02 and Cw*05 or to a direct interaction between these alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bergamaschi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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Annibali V, Ristori G, Angelini DF, Serafini B, Mechelli R, Cannoni S, Romano S, Paolillo A, Abderrahim H, Diamantini A, Borsellino G, Aloisi F, Battistini L, Salvetti M. CD161(high)CD8+T cells bear pathogenetic potential in multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 134:542-54. [PMID: 21216829 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To identify differentially expressed genes in multiple sclerosis, microarrays were used in a stringent experimental setting-leukapheresis from disease-discordant monozygotic twins and gene expression profiling in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets. Disease-related differences emerged only in the CD8(+) T-cell subset. The five differentially expressed genes identified included killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1, also known as natural killer receptor protein 1a/CD161, presented by the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium as one of the non-MHC candidate loci. Flow cytometric analysis on peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients with multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis confirmed an upregulation of CD161 at the protein level, showing also a significant excess of CD161(high)CD8(+) T cells in multiple sclerosis. This subset prevalently included chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 6(+), cytokine-producing, effector-memory T cells with proinflammatory profiles. It also included all circulating interleukin-17(+)CD8(+) T cells. In the CD161(high)CD8(+) subset, interleukin-12 facilitated proliferation and interferon-γ production, with CD161 acting as a co-stimulatory receptor. CD161(+)CD8(+)CD3(+) T cells producing interferon-γ were part of intralesional immune infiltrates and ectopic B cell follicles in autopsy multiple sclerosis brains. Variations of CD161 expression on CD8(+) T cells identify a subset of lymphocytes with proinflammatory characteristics that have not been previously reported in multiple sclerosis and are likely to contribute to disease immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Annibali
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital Site, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Mechelli R, Annibali V, Ristori G, Vittori D, Coarelli G, Salvetti M. Multiple sclerosis etiology: beyond genes and environment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 6:481-90. [PMID: 20441432 DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder of the CNS with inflammatory and neurodegenerative components. The etiology is unknown, but there is evidence for a role of both genetic and environmental factors. Among the heritable factors, MHC class II genes are strongly involved, as well as genes coding for others molecules of immunological relevance, genes controlling neurobiological pathways and genes of unknown function. Among nonheritable factors, many infectious agents (mainly viruses) and environmental factors (e.g., smoke, sun exposition and diet) seem to be of etiologic importance. Here, we report and discuss recent findings in MS on largely unexplored fields: the alternative splicing of mRNAs and regulatory noncoding RNAs, the major sources of transcriptome diversity; and epigenetic changes with special attention paid to DNA methylation and histone acetylation, the main regulators of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Mechelli
- Neurology and Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Ristori G, Mechelli R, Anderson J, Mengoni F, Sauzullo I, Annibali V, Cannoni S, Aloisi F, James JA, Salvetti M. Antiviral immune response in patients with multiple sclerosis, healthy siblings and twins. Mult Scler 2010; 16:1527-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458510380090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ristori
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Jourdan Anderson
- Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Fabio Mengoni
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Ilaria Sauzullo
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Viviana Annibali
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Stefania Cannoni
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Francesca Aloisi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital-site, Sapienza University of Rome, via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome 00189, Italy,
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Pisano S, Marchioni E, Galati A, Mechelli R, Savino M, Cacchione S. Telomeric Nucleosomes Are Intrinsically Mobile. J Mol Biol 2007; 369:1153-62. [PMID: 17498745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosomes are no longer considered only static basic units that package eukaryotic DNA but they emerge as dynamic players in all chromosomal processes. Regulatory proteins can gain access to recognition sequences hidden by the histone octamer through the action of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes that cause nucleosome sliding. In addition, it is known that nucleosomes are able to spontaneously reposition along the DNA due to intrinsic dynamic properties, but it is not clear yet to what extent sequence-dependent dynamic properties contribute to nucleosome repositioning. Here, we study mobility of nucleosomes formed on telomeric sequences as a function of temperature and ionic strength. We find that telomeric nucleosomes are highly intrinsically mobile under physiological conditions, whereas nucleosomes formed on an average DNA sequence mostly remain in the initial position. This indicates that DNA sequence affects not only the thermodynamic stability and the positioning of nucleosomes but also their dynamic properties. Moreover, our findings suggest that the high mobility of telomeric nucleosomes may be relevant to the dynamics of telomeric chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pisano
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Annibali V, Ristori G, Cannoni S, Romano S, Visconti A, Ghazaryan A, Figà Talamanca L, Salvetti M, Mechelli R. Multiple sclerosis: pharmacogenomics and personalised drug treatment. Neurol Sci 2006; 27 Suppl 5:S347-9. [PMID: 16998717 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-006-0691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder of the central nervous system with an inflammatory and a neurodegenerative component. We do not yet have a definitive therapy for MS. Attempts to develop new treatments are long and costly and should be paralleled by studies aimed at increasing the therapeutic index of the existing treatments, interferon beta and glatiramer acetate. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics may be of use in this respect though their application may not be straightforward, particularly in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Annibali
- Department of Neurology and Centro Neurologico Terapia Sperimentale (CENTERS), Ospedale S. Andrea, University of Rome La Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa 1035, I-00189 Rome, Italy
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Mechelli R, Anselmi C, Cacchione S, De Santis P, Savino M. Organization of telomeric nucleosomes: atomic force microscopy imaging and theoretical modeling. FEBS Lett 2004; 566:131-5. [PMID: 15147882 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2004] [Revised: 04/12/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Telomeric chromatin has peculiar features with respect to bulk chromatin, which are not fully clarified to date. Nucleosomal arrays, reconstituted on fragments of human telomeric DNA and on tandemly repeated tetramers of 5S rDNA, have been investigated at single-molecule level by atomic force microscopy and Monte Carlo simulations. A satisfactory correlation emerges between experimental and theoretical internucleosomal distance distributions. However, in the case of telomeric nucleosomal arrays containing two nucleosomes, we found significant differences. Our results show that sequence features of DNA are significant in the basic chromatin organization, but are not the only determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Mechelli
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Fondazione Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The role of histone N-terminal domains on the thermodynamic stability of nucleosomes assembled on several different telomeric DNAs as well as on 'average' sequence DNA and on strong nucleosome positioning sequences, has been studied by competitive reconstitution. We find that histone tails hyperacetylation favors nucleosome formation, in a similar extent for all the examined sequences. On the contrary, removal of histone terminal domains by selective trypsinization causes a decrease of nucleosome stability which is smaller for telomeres compared to the other sequences examined, suggesting that telomeric sequences have only minor interactions with histone tails. Micrococcal nuclease kinetics shows enhanced accessibility of acetylated nucleosomes formed both on telomeric and 'average' sequence DNAs. These results suggest a more complex role for histone acetylation than the decrease of electrostatic interactions between DNA and histones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacchione
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Fondazione Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
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