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Buj R, Chen CW, Dahl ES, Leon KE, Kuskovsky R, Maglakelidze N, Navaratnarajah M, Zhang G, Doan MT, Jiang H, Zaleski M, Kutzler L, Lacko H, Lu Y, Mills GB, Gowda R, Robertson GP, Warrick JI, Herlyn M, Imamura Y, Kimball SR, DeGraff DJ, Snyder NW, Aird KM. Suppression of p16 Induces mTORC1-Mediated Nucleotide Metabolic Reprogramming. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1971-1980.e8. [PMID: 31433975 PMCID: PMC6716532 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogrammed metabolism and cell cycle dysregulation are two cancer hallmarks. p16 is a cell cycle inhibitor and tumor suppressor that is upregulated during oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). Loss of p16 allows for uninhibited cell cycle progression, bypass of OIS, and tumorigenesis. Whether p16 loss affects pro-tumorigenic metabolism is unclear. We report that suppression of p16 plays a central role in reprogramming metabolism by increasing nucleotide synthesis. This occurs by activation of mTORC1 signaling, which directly mediates increased translation of the mRNA encoding ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A (RPIA), a pentose phosphate pathway enzyme. p16 loss correlates with activation of the mTORC1-RPIA axis in multiple cancer types. Suppression of RPIA inhibits proliferation only in p16-low cells by inducing senescence both in vitro and in vivo. These data reveal the molecular basis whereby p16 loss modulates pro-tumorigenic metabolism through mTORC1-mediated upregulation of nucleotide synthesis and reveals a metabolic vulnerability of p16-null cancer cells. Senescence bypass through p16 loss predisposes to transformation and tumorigenesis. Buj et al. found that the loss of p16 upregulates nucleotide metabolism through increased mTORC1-mediated translation of RPIA to bypass senescence in an RB-independent manner. Thus, the mTORC1-RPIA axis is a metabolic vulnerability for p16-null cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Buj
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Chi-Wei Chen
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Erika S Dahl
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kelly E Leon
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Rostislav Kuskovsky
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Maithili Navaratnarajah
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gao Zhang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Institute, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mary T Doan
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Helen Jiang
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Zaleski
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Lydia Kutzler
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Holly Lacko
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Joshua I Warrick
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Institute, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Scot R Kimball
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - David J DeGraff
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine M Aird
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Freeman LA, Demosky SJ, Konaklieva M, Kuskovsky R, Aponte A, Ossoli AF, Gordon SM, Koby RF, Manthei KA, Shen M, Vaisman BL, Shamburek RD, Jadhav A, Calabresi L, Gucek M, Tesmer JJG, Levine RL, Remaley AT. Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Activation by Sulfhydryl-Reactive Small Molecules: Role of Cysteine-31. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 362:306-318. [PMID: 28576974 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.240457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) catalyzes plasma cholesteryl ester formation and is defective in familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (FLD), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by low high-density lipoprotein, anemia, and renal disease. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which compound A [3-(5-(ethylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile], a small heterocyclic amine, activates LCAT. The effect of compound A on LCAT was tested in human plasma and with recombinant LCAT. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to determine compound A adduct formation with LCAT. Molecular modeling was performed to gain insight into the effects of compound A on LCAT structure and activity. Compound A increased LCAT activity in a subset (three of nine) of LCAT mutations to levels comparable to FLD heterozygotes. The site-directed mutation LCAT-Cys31Gly prevented activation by compound A. Substitution of Cys31 with charged residues (Glu, Arg, and Lys) decreased LCAT activity, whereas bulky hydrophobic groups (Trp, Leu, Phe, and Met) increased activity up to 3-fold (P < 0.005). Mass spectrometry of a tryptic digestion of LCAT incubated with compound A revealed a +103.017 m/z adduct on Cys31, consistent with the addition of a single hydrophobic cyanopyrazine ring. Molecular modeling identified potential interactions of compound A near Cys31 and structural changes correlating with enhanced activity. Functional groups important for LCAT activation by compound A were identified by testing compound A derivatives. Finally, sulfhydryl-reactive β-lactams were developed as a new class of LCAT activators. In conclusion, compound A activates LCAT, including some FLD mutations, by forming a hydrophobic adduct with Cys31, thus providing a mechanistic rationale for the design of future LCAT activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lita A Freeman
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Stephen J Demosky
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Monika Konaklieva
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Rostislav Kuskovsky
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Angel Aponte
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Alice F Ossoli
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Scott M Gordon
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Ross F Koby
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Kelly A Manthei
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Min Shen
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Boris L Vaisman
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Robert D Shamburek
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Marjan Gucek
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Rodney L Levine
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipid Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (L.A.F., S.J.D., S.M.G., B.L.V., R.D.S., A.T.R.), Systems Biology Center (A.A., M.G.), and Laboratory of Biochemistry (R.L.L.), National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC (M.K., R.K.); University of Milano, Milano, Italy (A.F.O., L.C.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (R.F.K.); Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.A.M., J.J.G.T.); and National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (M.S., A.J.)
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