1
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Ben-Tov Perry R, Tsoory M, Tolmasov M, Ulitsky I. Silc1 long noncoding RNA is an immediate-early gene promoting efficient memory formation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113168. [PMID: 37742186 PMCID: PMC10636608 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed in many brain circuits and types of neurons; nevertheless, their functional significance for normal brain functions remains elusive. Here, we study the functions in the central nervous system of Silc1, an lncRNA we have shown previously to be important for neuronal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. We found that Silc1 is rapidly and strongly induced in the hippocampus upon exposure to novelty and is required for efficient spatial learning. Silc1 production is important for induction of Sox11 (its cis-regulated target gene) throughout the CA1-CA3 regions and proper expression of key Sox11 target genes. Consistent with its role in neuronal plasticity, Silc1 levels decline during aging and in models of Alzheimer's disease. Overall, we describe a plasticity pathway in which Silc1 acts as an immediate-early gene to activate Sox11 and induce a neuronal growth-associated transcriptional program important for learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michael Tolmasov
- Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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2
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Gil N, Perry RBT, Mukamel Z, Tuck A, Bühler M, Ulitsky I. Complex regulation of Eomes levels mediated through distinct functional features of the Meteor long non-coding RNA locus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112569. [PMID: 37256750 PMCID: PMC10320833 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in a plethora of cellular processes, but an in-depth understanding of their functional features or their mechanisms of action is currently lacking. Here we study Meteor, a lncRNA transcribed near the gene encoding EOMES, a pleiotropic transcription factor implicated in various processes throughout development and in adult tissues. Using a wide array of perturbation techniques, we show that transcription elongation through the Meteor locus is required for Eomes activation in mouse embryonic stem cells, with Meteor repression linked to a change in the subpopulation primed to differentiate to the mesoderm lineage. We further demonstrate that a distinct functional feature of the locus-namely, the underlying DNA element-is required for suppressing Eomes expression following neuronal differentiation. Our results demonstrate the complex regulation that can be conferred by a single locus and emphasize the importance of careful selection of perturbation techniques when studying lncRNA loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Gil
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zohar Mukamel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alex Tuck
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bühler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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3
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Royer M, Pai B, Menon R, Bludau A, Gryksa K, Perry RBT, Ulitsky I, Meister G, Neumann ID. Nuclear localization of Meg3-ex10 in mice lateral septum after social fear extinction. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3925. [PMID: 36460754 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Royer
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Balagopal Pai
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Rohit Menon
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Anna Bludau
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Katharina Gryksa
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Departments of Biological Regulation and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Departments of Biological Regulation and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Gunter Meister
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany.
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. .,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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5
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Degani N, Lubelsky Y, Perry RBT, Ainbinder E, Ulitsky I. Highly conserved and cis-acting lncRNAs produced from paralogous regions in the center of HOXA and HOXB clusters in the endoderm lineage. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009681. [PMID: 34280202 PMCID: PMC8330917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in gene regulatory networks acting in early development. There has been rapid turnover of lncRNA loci during vertebrate evolution, with few human lncRNAs conserved beyond mammals. The sequences of these rare deeply conserved lncRNAs are typically not similar to each other. Here, we characterize HOXA-AS3 and HOXB-AS3, lncRNAs produced from the central regions of the HOXA and HOXB clusters. Sequence-similar orthologs of both lncRNAs are found in multiple vertebrate species and there is evident sequence similarity between their promoters, suggesting that the production of these lncRNAs predates the duplication of the HOX clusters at the root of the vertebrate lineage. This conservation extends to similar expression patterns of the two lncRNAs, in particular in cells transiently arising during early development or in the adult colon. Functionally, the RNA products of HOXA-AS3 and HOXB-AS3 regulate the expression of their overlapping HOX5-7 genes both in HT-29 cells and during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Beyond production of paralogous protein-coding and microRNA genes, the regulatory program in the HOX clusters therefore also relies on paralogous lncRNAs acting in restricted spatial and temporal windows of embryonic development and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Degani
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Lubelsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elena Ainbinder
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilites, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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6
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Hezroni H, Ben-Tov Perry R, Gil N, Degani N, Ulitsky I. Regulation of neuronal commitment in mouse embryonic stem cells by the Reno1/Bahcc1 locus. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e51264. [PMID: 32969152 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian genomes encode thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), yet the biological functions of most of them remain unknown. A particularly rich repertoire of lncRNAs found in mammalian brain and in the early embryo. We used RNA-seq and computational analysis to prioritize lncRNAs that may regulate commitment of pluripotent cells to a neuronal fate and perturbed their expression prior to neuronal differentiation. Knockdown by RNAi of two highly conserved and well-expressed lncRNAs, Reno1 (2810410L24Rik) and lnc-Nr2f1, decreased the expression of neuronal markers and led to massive changes in gene expression in the differentiated cells. We further show that the Reno1 locus forms increasing spatial contacts during neurogenesis with its adjacent protein-coding gene Bahcc1. Loss of either Reno1 or Bahcc1 leads to an early arrest in neuronal commitment, failure to induce a neuronal gene expression program, and to global reduction in chromatin accessibility at regions that are marked by the H3K4me3 chromatin mark at the onset of differentiation. Reno1 and Bahcc1 thus form a previously uncharacterized circuit required for the early steps of neuronal commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noa Gil
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Neta Degani
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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7
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Rom A, Melamed L, Gil N, Goldrich MJ, Kadir R, Golan M, Biton I, Perry RBT, Ulitsky I. Regulation of CHD2 expression by the Chaserr long noncoding RNA gene is essential for viability. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5092. [PMID: 31704914 PMCID: PMC6841665 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2 (Chd2) is a chromatin remodeller implicated in neurological disease. Here we show that Chaserr, a highly conserved long noncoding RNA transcribed from a region near the transcription start site of Chd2 and on the same strand, acts in concert with the CHD2 protein to maintain proper Chd2 expression levels. Loss of Chaserr in mice leads to early postnatal lethality in homozygous mice, and severe growth retardation in heterozygotes. Mechanistically, loss of Chaserr leads to substantially increased Chd2 mRNA and protein levels, which in turn lead to transcriptional interference by inhibiting promoters found downstream of highly expressed genes. We further show that Chaserr production represses Chd2 expression solely in cis, and that the phenotypic consequences of Chaserr loss are rescued when Chd2 is perturbed as well. Targeting Chaserr is thus a potential strategy for increasing CHD2 levels in haploinsufficient individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Rom
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liliya Melamed
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Gil
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Rotem Kadir
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Matan Golan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inbal Biton
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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8
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Terenzio M, Koley S, Samra N, Rishal I, Zhao Q, Sahoo PK, Urisman A, Marvaldi L, Oses-Prieto JA, Forester C, Gomes C, Kalinski AL, Di Pizio A, Doron-Mandel E, Perry RBT, Koppel I, Twiss JL, Burlingame AL, Fainzilber M. Locally translated mTOR controls axonal local translation in nerve injury. Science 2018; 359:1416-1421. [PMID: 29567716 PMCID: PMC6501578 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
How is protein synthesis initiated locally in neurons? We found that mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) was activated and then up-regulated in injured axons, owing to local translation of mTOR messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA was transported into axons by the cell size-regulating RNA-binding protein nucleolin. Furthermore, mTOR controlled local translation in injured axons. This included regulation of its own translation and that of retrograde injury signaling molecules such as importin β1 and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). Deletion of the mTOR 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) in mice reduced mTOR in axons and decreased local translation after nerve injury. Both pharmacological inhibition of mTOR in axons and deletion of the mTOR 3'UTR decreased proprioceptive neuronal survival after nerve injury. Thus, mRNA localization enables spatiotemporal control of mTOR pathways regulating local translation and long-range intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Terenzio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sandip Koley
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nitzan Samra
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ida Rishal
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Pabitra K Sahoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Letizia Marvaldi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Craig Forester
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cynthia Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ashley L Kalinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Agostina Di Pizio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ella Doron-Mandel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Indrek Koppel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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9
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Hervera A, De Virgiliis F, Palmisano I, Zhou L, Tantardini E, Kong G, Hutson T, Danzi MC, Perry RBT, Santos CXC, Kapustin AN, Fleck RA, Del Río JA, Carroll T, Lemmon V, Bixby JL, Shah AM, Fainzilber M, Di Giovanni S. Publisher Correction: Reactive oxygen species regulate axonal regeneration through the release of exosomal NADPH oxidase 2 complexes into injured axons. Nat Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29520084 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the version of this Article originally published, the affiliations for Roland A. Fleck and José Antonio Del Río were incorrect due to a technical error that resulted in affiliations 8 and 9 being switched. The correct affiliations are: Roland A. Fleck: 8Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College London, London, UK. José Antonio Del Río: 2Cellular and Molecular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; 9Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 10Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain. This has now been amended in all online versions of the Article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Hervera
- Molecular Neuroregeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Cellular and Molecular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco De Virgiliis
- Molecular Neuroregeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Laboratory for NeuroRegeneration and Repair, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate School for Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ilaria Palmisano
- Molecular Neuroregeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luming Zhou
- Laboratory for NeuroRegeneration and Repair, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elena Tantardini
- Molecular Neuroregeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guiping Kong
- Laboratory for NeuroRegeneration and Repair, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hutson
- Molecular Neuroregeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matt C Danzi
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Celio X C Santos
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander N Kapustin
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, London, UK
| | - José Antonio Del Río
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Centre, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vance Lemmon
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John L Bixby
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Simone Di Giovanni
- Molecular Neuroregeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Laboratory for NeuroRegeneration and Repair, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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10
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Abstract
The number of known long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) functions is rapidly growing, but how those functions are encoded in their sequence and structure remains poorly understood. NORAD (noncoding RNA activated by DNA damage) is a recently characterized, abundant, and highly conserved lncRNA that is required for proper mitotic divisions in human cells. NORAD acts in the cytoplasm and antagonizes repressors from the Pumilio family that bind at least 17 sites spread through 12 repetitive units in NORAD sequence. Here we study conserved sequences in NORAD repeats, identify additional interacting partners, and characterize the interaction between NORAD and the RNA-binding protein SAM68 (KHDRBS1), which is required for NORAD function in antagonizing Pumilio. These interactions provide a paradigm for how repeated elements in a lncRNA facilitate function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailone Tichon
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lovorka Stojic
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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11
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Abstract
Eukaryotic genomes are pervasively transcribed, with tens of thousands of RNAs emanating from uni- and bi-directional promoters and from active enhancers. In vertebrates, thousands of loci in each species produce a class of transcripts called long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are typically expressed at low levels and do not appear to give rise to functional proteins. Substantial numbers of lncRNAs are expressed at specific stages of embryonic development, in many cases from regions flanking key developmental regulators. Here, we review the known biological functions of such lncRNAs and the emerging paradigms of their modes of action. We also provide an overview of the growing arsenal of methods for lncRNA identification, perturbation and functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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12
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Hezroni H, Ben-Tov Perry R, Meir Z, Housman G, Lubelsky Y, Ulitsky I. A subset of conserved mammalian long non-coding RNAs are fossils of ancestral protein-coding genes. Genome Biol 2017; 18:162. [PMID: 28854954 PMCID: PMC5577775 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Only a small portion of human long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) appear to be conserved outside of mammals, but the events underlying the birth of new lncRNAs in mammals remain largely unknown. One potential source is remnants of protein-coding genes that transitioned into lncRNAs. Results We systematically compare lncRNA and protein-coding loci across vertebrates, and estimate that up to 5% of conserved mammalian lncRNAs are derived from lost protein-coding genes. These lncRNAs have specific characteristics, such as broader expression domains, that set them apart from other lncRNAs. Fourteen lncRNAs have sequence similarity with the loci of the contemporary homologs of the lost protein-coding genes. We propose that selection acting on enhancer sequences is mostly responsible for retention of these regions. As an example of an RNA element from a protein-coding ancestor that was retained in the lncRNA, we describe in detail a short translated ORF in the JPX lncRNA that was derived from an upstream ORF in a protein-coding gene and retains some of its functionality. Conclusions We estimate that ~ 55 annotated conserved human lncRNAs are derived from parts of ancestral protein-coding genes, and loss of coding potential is thus a non-negligible source of new lncRNAs. Some lncRNAs inherited regulatory elements influencing transcription and translation from their protein-coding ancestors and those elements can influence the expression breadth and functionality of these lncRNAs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1293-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Hezroni
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Zohar Meir
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Gali Housman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yoav Lubelsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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13
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Perry RBT, Rishal I, Doron-Mandel E, Kalinski AL, Medzihradszky KF, Terenzio M, Alber S, Koley S, Lin A, Rozenbaum M, Yudin D, Sahoo PK, Gomes C, Shinder V, Geraisy W, Huebner EA, Woolf CJ, Yaron A, Burlingame AL, Twiss JL, Fainzilber M. Nucleolin-Mediated RNA Localization Regulates Neuron Growth and Cycling Cell Size. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1664-1676. [PMID: 27477284 PMCID: PMC4978702 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How can cells sense their own size to coordinate biosynthesis and metabolism with their growth needs? We recently proposed a motor-dependent bidirectional transport mechanism for axon length and cell size sensing, but the nature of the motor-transported size signals remained elusive. Here, we show that motor-dependent mRNA localization regulates neuronal growth and cycling cell size. We found that the RNA-binding protein nucleolin is associated with importin β1 mRNA in axons. Perturbation of nucleolin association with kinesins reduces its levels in axons, with a concomitant reduction in axonal importin β1 mRNA and protein levels. Strikingly, subcellular sequestration of nucleolin or importin β1 enhances axonal growth and causes a subcellular shift in protein synthesis. Similar findings were obtained in fibroblasts. Thus, subcellular mRNA localization regulates size and growth in both neurons and cycling cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ida Rishal
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ella Doron-Mandel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ashley L Kalinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Katalin F Medzihradszky
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Marco Terenzio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Stefanie Alber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sandip Koley
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Albina Lin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Meir Rozenbaum
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dmitry Yudin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Pabitra K Sahoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Cynthia Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Vera Shinder
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Eric A Huebner
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Avraham Yaron
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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14
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Abstract
Size homeostasis is fundamental in cell biology, but it is not clear how large cells such as neurons can assess their own size or length. We examined a role for molecular motors in intracellular length sensing. Computational simulations suggest that spatial information can be encoded by the frequency of an oscillating retrograde signal arising from a composite negative feedback loop between bidirectional motor-dependent signals. The model predicts that decreasing either or both anterograde or retrograde signals should increase cell length, and this prediction was confirmed upon application of siRNAs for specific kinesin and/or dynein heavy chains in adult sensory neurons. Heterozygous dynein heavy chain 1 mutant sensory neurons also exhibited increased lengths both in vitro and during embryonic development. Moreover, similar length increases were observed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts upon partial downregulation of dynein heavy chain 1. Thus, molecular motors critically influence cell-length sensing and growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Rishal
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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15
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Perry RBT, Doron-Mandel E, Iavnilovitch E, Rishal I, Dagan SY, Tsoory M, Coppola G, McDonald MK, Gomes C, Geschwind DH, Twiss JL, Yaron A, Fainzilber M. Subcellular knockout of importin β1 perturbs axonal retrograde signaling. Neuron 2012; 75:294-305. [PMID: 22841314 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular localization of mRNA enables compartmentalized regulation within large cells. Neurons are the longest known cells; however, so far, evidence is lacking for an essential role of endogenous mRNA localization in axons. Localized upregulation of Importin β1 in lesioned axons coordinates a retrograde injury-signaling complex transported to the neuronal cell body. Here we show that a long 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) directs axonal localization of Importin β1. Conditional targeting of this 3' UTR region in mice causes subcellular loss of Importin β1 mRNA and protein in axons, without affecting cell body levels or nuclear functions in sensory neurons. Strikingly, axonal knockout of Importin β1 attenuates cell body transcriptional responses to nerve injury and delays functional recovery in vivo. Thus, localized translation of Importin β1 mRNA enables separation of cytoplasmic and nuclear transport functions of importins and is required for efficient retrograde signaling in injured axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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17
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Perry RBT, Fainzilber M. Nuclear transport factors in neuronal function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2009; 20:600-6. [PMID: 19409503 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Active nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules requires soluble transport carriers of the importin/karyopherin superfamily. Although the nuclear transport machinery is essential in all eukaryotic cells, neurons must also mobilise importins and associated proteins to overcome unique spatiotemporal challenges. These include switches in importin alpha subtype expression during neuronal differentiation, localized axonal synthesis of importin beta1 to coordinate a retrograde injury signaling complex on axonal dynein, and trafficking of regulatory and signaling molecules from synaptic terminals to cell bodies. Targeting of RNAs encoding critical components of the importins complex and the Ran system to axons allows sophisticated local regulation of the system for mobilization upon need. Finally, a number of importin family members have been associated with mental or neurodegenerative diseases. The extended roles recently discovered for importins in the nervous system might also be relevant in non-neuronal cells, and the localized modes of importin regulation in neurons offer new avenues to interrogate their cytoplasmic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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