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Le D, Zhang C, Liu L, Zhao M, Liang Y, Liao P, Yang F. Neuropathic pain development following nerve injury is mediated by SOX11-ARID1A-SOCS3 transcriptional regulation in the spinal cord. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:281. [PMID: 38324208 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain, a complex condition originating from nervous system damage, remains a significant clinical challenge due to limited understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Recent research highlights the SOX11 transcription factor, known for its role in nervous system development, as a crucial player in neuropathic pain development and maintenance. This study investigates the role of the SOX11-ARID1A-SOCS3 pathway in neuropathic pain modulation within the spinal cord. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model in mice, we observed a significant upregulation of Sox11 in the spinal cord dorsal horn post-injury. Intrathecal administration of Sox11 shRNA mitigated SNL-induced neuropathic pain behaviors, including mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. Further, we demonstrated that Sox11 regulates neuropathic pain via transcriptional control of ARID1A, with subsequent modulation of SOCS3 expression. Knockdown of ARID1A and SOCS3 via shRNA resulted in alleviation of Sox11-induced pain sensitization. Additionally, Sox11 overexpression led to an increase in ARID1A binding to the SOCS3 promoter, enhancing chromatin accessibility and indicating a direct regulatory relationship. These findings were further supported by in vitro luciferase reporter assays and chromatin accessibility analysis. CONCLUSIONS The SOX11-ARID1A-SOCS3 pathway plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Sox11 acts as a master regulator, modulating ARID1A, which in turn influences SOCS3 expression, thereby contributing to the modulation of neuropathic pain. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain and highlight potential therapeutic targets for its treatment. The differential regulation of this pathway in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) underscores its complexity and the need for targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Le
- Department of Pain Management, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Pain Management, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pain Management, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mailin Zhao
- Department of Pain Management, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Liang
- Department of Pain Management, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingsheng Liao
- Department of Pain Management, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pain Management, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Ben-Tov Perry R, Tsoory M, Tolmasov M, Ulitsky I. Silc1 long noncoding RNA is an immediate-early gene promoting efficient memory formation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113168. [PMID: 37742186 PMCID: PMC10636608 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed in many brain circuits and types of neurons; nevertheless, their functional significance for normal brain functions remains elusive. Here, we study the functions in the central nervous system of Silc1, an lncRNA we have shown previously to be important for neuronal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. We found that Silc1 is rapidly and strongly induced in the hippocampus upon exposure to novelty and is required for efficient spatial learning. Silc1 production is important for induction of Sox11 (its cis-regulated target gene) throughout the CA1-CA3 regions and proper expression of key Sox11 target genes. Consistent with its role in neuronal plasticity, Silc1 levels decline during aging and in models of Alzheimer's disease. Overall, we describe a plasticity pathway in which Silc1 acts as an immediate-early gene to activate Sox11 and induce a neuronal growth-associated transcriptional program important for learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michael Tolmasov
- Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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3
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Wang Q, Zhang N, Bai X, Liu J, Bi X, Tan Y. Dexmedetomidine ameliorates ischemia-induced nerve injury by up-regulating Sox11 expression. Ann Transl Med 2023; 11:153. [PMID: 36846013 PMCID: PMC9951012 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is associated with several biological processes. Ischemic stroke has the characteristics of high morbidity and mortality. Herein, we aimed to explore whether Dex ameliorates ischemia-induced injury and determine its mechanism. Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to measure gene and protein expression. Cellular viability and proliferation were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model of SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y cells was constructed. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was also built to assess Dex function in vivo. Neuronal function was assessed using the Bederson Behavior Score and Longa Behavior Score. Results We found that Dex positively and dose-dependently regulated Sox11 expression and prevented damage caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), enhancing cell viability and proliferation and reducing apoptosis in SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y cells. The overexpression of Sox11 antagonized OGD/R-induced SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis and promoted cell growth in vitro. Furthermore, cell proliferation was decreased and cell apoptosis was increased after Sox11 knockdown in Dex-treated SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y cells. We demonstrated that Dex prevented OGD/R-induced cell injury by up-regulating Sox11. Furthermore, we also confirmed that Dex protected rat from ischemia-induced injury in the MCAO model. Conclusions The role of Dex in cell viability and survival was verified in this study. Moreover, Dex protected neurons from MCAO-induced injury by up-regulating the expression of Sox11. Our research proposes a potential drug to improve the functional recovery of stroke patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Inoue K, Matsuzaka K, Inoue T. Identification of Novel Regulator Involved in Differentiation of Mouse iPS Cells into Odontoblast-like Cells. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2022; 63:119-128. [PMID: 35965082 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Odontoblasts differentiate from dental papilla stem cells, but the genetic changes that occur during this process remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression patterns during differentiation of mouse iPS cells into odontoblast-like cells. Mouse iPS cells were cultured on a collagen type-1 scaffold with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and retinoic acid (RA). The results of immunofluorescence studies for dentin sialoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and nestin were positive. A qRT-PCR analysis revealed that mRNA expression levels of neural crest marker sex determining region Y box (Sox)-10, dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), and Dmp1 were up-regulated, but that mRNA expression levels of the mineralization markers bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin were down-regulated. Microarray analysis showed that 2,597 entities were up-regulated and 1,327 down-regulated among a total of 15,330 investigated. Sox11 was among the up-regulated genes identified. The Sox11 mRNA expression level with odontoblast induction after day 11 was higher than that after day 2 (p<0.05). Gene knockdown using small interference RNA (siRNA) silencing was used to characterize the function of Sox11. The Dspp mRNA expression level in Sox11 siRNA-treated cells was significantly lower than that in the control (p<0.05). These results suggest that BMP4 and RA induce mouse iPS cells to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells. The differentiation efficiency is not high, however, and many stem cells remain. The results also suggest that Sox11 is an important factor in odontoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College.,New York University College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Oral Cancer Center
| | - Kenichi Matsuzaka
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College.,Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College.,Tokyo Dental College
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Tsang SM, Kim H, Oliemuller E, Newman R, Boateng NA, Guppy N, Howard BA. Sox11 regulates mammary tumour-initiating and metastatic capacity in Brca1-deficient mouse mammary tumour cells. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:261799. [PMID: 33969421 PMCID: PMC8188883 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of Sox11 in the regulation of mammary progenitor cells. Sox11 is expressed by mammary bud epithelial cells during embryonic mammary gland development and is not detected in mammary epithelial cells after birth. As Sox11 is an oncofetal gene, we investigated the effects of reducing Sox11 levels in embryonic mammary progenitor cells and found that Sox11 regulates proliferative state, stem cell activity and lineage marker expression. We also investigated the effect of reducing Sox11 levels in two transplantable Brca1-deficient oestrogen receptor-negative mouse mammary tumour cell lines, to assess whether Sox11 regulates similar functions in tumour progenitor cells. When Sox11 levels were reduced in one Brca1-deficient mammary tumour cell line that expressed both epithelial and mesenchymal markers, similar effects on proliferation, stem cell activity and expression of lineage markers to those seen in the embryonic mammary progenitor cells were observed. Orthotopic grafting of mammary tumour cells with reduced Sox11 levels led to alterations in tumour-initiating capacity, latency, expression of lineage markers and metastatic burden. Our results support a model in which tumours expressing higher levels of Sox11 have more stem and tumour-initiating cells, and are less proliferative, whereas tumours expressing lower levels of Sox11 become more proliferative and capable of morphogenetic/metastatic growth, similar to what occurs during embryonic mammary developmental progression. Summary:Brca1−/− mammary tumours expressing Sox11 at high levels have more stem- and tumour-initiating cells, and are less proliferative, whereas tumours expressing Sox11 at lower levels become more proliferative and are capable of morphogenetic/metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Man Tsang
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Hyojin Kim
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Erik Oliemuller
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Richard Newman
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Naa-Anyima Boateng
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Naomi Guppy
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Beatrice A Howard
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
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Chang KC, Bian M, Xia X, Madaan A, Sun C, Wang Q, Li L, Nahmou M, Noro T, Yokota S, Galvao J, Kreymerman A, Tanasa B, Hu Y, Goldberg JL. Posttranslational Modification of Sox11 Regulates RGC Survival and Axon Regeneration. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO. [PMID: 33441400 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0358-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of adult CNS neurons to survive and regenerate their axons after injury or in neurodegenerative disease remains a major target for basic and clinical neuroscience. Recent data demonstrated in the adult mouse that exogenous expression of Sry-related high-mobility-box 11 (Sox11) promotes optic nerve regeneration after optic nerve injury but exacerbates the death of a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), α-RGCs. During development, Sox11 is required for RGC differentiation from retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), and we found that mutation of a single residue to prevent SUMOylation at lysine 91 (K91) increased Sox11 nuclear localization and RGC differentiation in vitro. Here, we explored whether this Sox11 manipulation similarly has stronger effects on RGC survival and optic nerve regeneration. In vitro, we found that non-SUMOylatable Sox11K91A leads to RGC death and suppresses axon outgrowth in primary neurons. We furthermore found that Sox11K91A more strongly promotes axon regeneration but also increases RGC death after optic nerve injury in vivo in the adult mouse. RNA sequence (RNA-seq) data showed that Sox11 and Sox11K91A increase the expression of key signaling pathway genes associated with axon growth and regeneration but downregulated Spp1 and Opn4 expression in RGC cultures, consistent with negatively regulating the survival of α-RGCs and ipRGCs. Thus, Sox11 and its SUMOylation site at K91 regulate gene expression, survival and axon growth in RGCs, and may be explored further as potential regenerative therapies for optic neuropathy.
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Ni M, Sun W, Li Y, Ding L, Lin W, Peng H, Zheng Q, Sun J, Li J, Liu H, Yang Y, Xu L, Zhang G. Sox11 Modified Tendon-Derived Stem Cells Promote the Repair of Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211053870. [PMID: 34699265 PMCID: PMC8552377 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211053870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a leading cause of mobility impairment which may lead to a total hip replacement. Recent studies have found tendon derived stem cells (TDSCs) might be an ideal cell source for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. And our previous study has shown Sox11 could promote osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived MSCs. However, the effect of TDSCs or Sox11 over-expressing TDSCs (TDSCs-Sox11) on bone regeneration in ONFH has not been investigated. In the present study, TDSCs were infected with AAV carrying Sox11 or empty vector. We showed that Sox11 could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs, as well as angiogenesis in vitro. The western blot analysis showed that Sox11 could activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to promote osteogenesis of TDSCs. Finally, using a rabbit model of hormone-induced ONFH, our result demonstrated that local administration of TDSCs or TDSCs overexpressing Sox11 could accelerate bone regeneration in necrotic femoral heads, and TDSCs overexpressing Sox11 showed better effects. TDSCs over-expressing Sox11 might be a promising cell source for stem cell therapy to promote bone regeneration, such as ONFH, fracture, bone defect, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Contributed equally as first authors
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Contributed equally as first authors
| | - Yucong Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lingli Ding
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Lin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Haiwen Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingyang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Juncheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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von Wittgenstein J, Zheng F, Wittmann MT, Balta EA, Ferrazzi F, Schäffner I, Häberle BM, Valero-Aracama MJ, Koehl M, Miranda CJ, Kaspar BK, Ekici AB, Reis A, Abrous DN, Alzheimer C, Lie DC. Sox11 is an Activity-Regulated Gene with Dentate-Gyrus-Specific Expression Upon General Neural Activation. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3731-3743. [PMID: 32080705 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity initiates transcriptional programs that shape long-term changes in plasticity. Although neuron subtypes differ in their plasticity response, most activity-dependent transcription factors (TFs) are broadly expressed across neuron subtypes and brain regions. Thus, how region- and neuronal subtype-specific plasticity are established on the transcriptional level remains poorly understood. We report that in young adult (i.e., 6-8 weeks old) mice, the developmental TF SOX11 is induced in neurons within 6 h either by electroconvulsive stimulation or by exploration of a novel environment. Strikingly, SOX11 induction was restricted to the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. In the novel environment paradigm, SOX11 was observed in a subset of c-FOS expressing neurons (ca. 15%); whereas around 75% of SOX11+ DG granule neurons were c-FOS+, indicating that SOX11 was induced in an activity-dependent fashion in a subset of neurons. Environmental enrichment or virus-mediated overexpression of SOX11 enhanced the excitability of DG granule cells and downregulated the expression of different potassium channel subunits, whereas conditional Sox11/4 knock-out mice presented the opposite phenotype. We propose that Sox11 is regulated in an activity-dependent fashion, which is specific to the DG, and speculate that activity-dependent Sox11 expression may participate in the modulation of DG neuron plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia von Wittgenstein
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fang Zheng
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Wittmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elli-Anna Balta
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fulvia Ferrazzi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Häberle
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria J Valero-Aracama
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Muriel Koehl
- Neurocentre Magendie U1215, INSERM and Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Carlos J Miranda
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Brian K Kaspar
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Djoher Nora Abrous
- Neurocentre Magendie U1215, INSERM and Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Fang M, Fan S, Yao X, Liu N, Gao J, Wang Z, Xu T, Xian X, Li W. Transfection of Sox11 plasmid alleviates ventilator-induced lung injury via Sox11 and FAK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:182-188. [PMID: 30879763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is the most common complication in the mechanical ventilation in clinic. The pathogenesis of VILI has not been well understood. The SRY related High Mobility Group box group-F family member 11(Sox11) is a protein associated with lung development. The focal adhesion kinase(FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase and is regulated by Sox11. The present study, therefore, was undertaken to explore the potential role of Sox11 and FAK in VILI. Methods High volume mechanical ventilation(HMV) was used to establish mouse VILI model under anesthesia. The lung injury was evaluated by analyzing the lung weight, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, histopathological changes and apoptosis of the lung. The Sox11 and FAK expressions in the lung were investigated by real-time qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results HMV induced VILI simultaneously companied with decreased expressions of Sox11 and FAK in alveolar epithelial and interstitial cells either in gene and protein levels. Transfection of Sox11 plasmid significantly upregulated expressions of Sox11 and FAK in gene and protein levels in the lung and particularly effectively alleviated VILI. Furthermore, FAK antagonism by PF562271(FAK antagonist) blocked the alleviating effect of Sox11 plasmid transfection on the VILI. Conclusion The dysregulation in the Sox11 and FAK after HMV play an important role in the pathogenesis of VILI, and facilitating the activity of Sox11and FAK might be an effective target and potential option in the prevention and treatment of VILI in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shujuan Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junxia Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Tieling Xu
- Department of Emergency, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Sullivan CH, Majumdar HD, Neilson KM, Moody SA. Six1 and Irx1 have reciprocal interactions during cranial placode and otic vesicle formation. Dev Biol 2019; 446:68-79. [PMID: 30529252 PMCID: PMC6349505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The specialized sensory organs of the vertebrate head are derived from thickened patches of cells in the ectoderm called cranial sensory placodes. The developmental program that generates these placodes and the genes that are expressed during the process have been studied extensively in a number of animals, yet very little is known about how these genes regulate one another. We previously found via a microarray screen that Six1, a known transcriptional regulator of cranial placode fate, up-regulates Irx1 in ectodermal explants. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional relationship between Six1 and Irx1 and found that they reciprocally regulate each other throughout cranial placode and otic vesicle formation. Although Irx1 expression precedes that of Six1 in the neural border zone, its continued and appropriately patterned expression in the pre-placodal region (PPR) and otic vesicle requires Six1. At early PPR stages, Six1 expands the Irx1 domain, but this activity subsides over time and changes to a predominantly repressive effect. Likewise, Irx1 initially expands Six1 expression in the PPR, but later represses it. We also found that Irx1 and Sox11, a known direct target of Six1, reciprocally affect each other. This work demonstrates that the interactions between Six1 and Irx1 are continuous during PPR and placode development and their transcriptional effects on one another change over developmental time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Sullivan
- Department of Biology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA, 50112, USA; bDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I (eye) Street, N.W., Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Himani D Majumdar
- bDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I (eye) Street, N.W., Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Karen M Neilson
- bDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I (eye) Street, N.W., Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Sally A Moody
- bDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I (eye) Street, N.W., Washington DC 20037, USA.
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11
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Li Y, Struebing FL, Wang J, King R, Geisert EE. Different Effect of Sox11 in Retinal Ganglion Cells Survival and Axon Regeneration. Front Genet 2018; 9:633. [PMID: 30619460 PMCID: PMC6305287 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study examines the role of Sox11 in the initial response of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to axon damage and in optic nerve regeneration in mouse. Methods: Markers of retinal injury were identified using the normal retina database and optic nerve crush (ONC) database on GeneNetwork2 (www.genenetwork.org). One gene, Sox11, was highly upregulated following ONC. We examined the role of this transcription factor, Sox11, following ONC and optic nerve regeneration in mice. In situ hybridization was performed using the Affymetrix 2-plex Quantigene View RNA In Situ Hybridization Tissue Assay System. Sox11 was partially knocked out by intravitreal injection of AAV2-CMV-Cre-GFP in Sox11 f/f mice. Optic nerve regeneration model used Pten knockdown. Mice were perfused and the retinas and optic nerves were dissected and examined for RGC survival and axon growth. Results: Sox11 was dramatically upregulated in the retina following ONC injury. The level of Sox11 message increased by approximately eightfold 2 days after ONC. In situ hybridization demonstrated low-level Sox11 message in RGCs and cells in the inner nuclear layer in the normal retina as well as a profound increase in Sox11 message within the ganglion cells following ONC. In Sox11 f/f retinas, partially knocking out Sox11 significantly increased RGC survival after ONC as compared to the AAV2-CMV-GFP control group; however, it had little effect on the ability of axon regeneration. Combinatorial downregulation of both Sox11 and Pten resulted in a significant increase in RGC survival as compared to Pten knockdown only. When Pten was knocked down there was a remarkable increase in the number and the length of regenerating axons. Partially knocking out Sox11 in combination with Pten deletion resulted in a fewer regenerating axons. Conclusion: Taken together, these data demonstrate that Sox11 is involved in the initial response of the retina to injury, playing a role in the early attempts of axon regeneration and neuronal survival. Downregulation of Sox11 aids in RGC survival following injury of optic nerve axons, while a partial knockout of Sox11 negates the axon regeneration stimulated by Pten knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Felix L Struebing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department for Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rebecca King
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eldon E Geisert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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12
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Perry RB, Hezroni H, Goldrich MJ, Ulitsky I. Regulation of Neuroregeneration by Long Noncoding RNAs. Mol Cell 2018; 72:553-567.e5. [PMID: 30401432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) have regenerative capacity following injury, but it is generally absent in the CNS. This difference is attributed, at least in part, to the intrinsic ability of PNS neurons to activate a unique regenerative transcriptional program following injury. Here, we profiled gene expression following sciatic nerve crush in mice and identified long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that act in the regenerating neurons and which are typically not expressed in other contexts. We show that two of these lncRNAs regulate the extent of neuronal outgrowth. We then focus on one of these, Silc1, and show that it regulates neuroregeneration in cultured cells and in vivo, through cis-acting activation of the transcription factor Sox11.
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13
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Neirijnck Y, Reginensi A, Renkema KY, Massa F, Kozlov VM, Dhib H, Bongers EMHF, Feitz WF, van Eerde AM, Lefebvre V, Knoers NVAM, Tabatabaei M, Schulz H, McNeill H, Schaefer F, Wegner M, Sock E, Schedl A. Sox11 gene disruption causes congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Kidney Int 2018; 93:1142-1153. [PMID: 29459093 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and the urinary tract (CAKUT) belong to the most common birth defects in human, but the molecular basis for the majority of CAKUT patients remains unknown. Here we show that the transcription factor SOX11 is a crucial regulator of kidney development. SOX11 is expressed in both mesenchymal and epithelial components of the early kidney anlagen. Deletion of Sox11 in mice causes an extension of the domain expressing Gdnf within rostral regions of the nephrogenic cord and results in duplex kidney formation. On the molecular level SOX11 directly binds and regulates a locus control region of the protocadherin B cluster. At later stages of kidney development, SOX11 becomes restricted to the intermediate segment of the developing nephron where it is required for the elongation of Henle's loop. Finally, mutation analysis in a cohort of patients suffering from CAKUT identified a series of rare SOX11 variants, one of which interferes with the transactivation capacity of the SOX11 protein. Taken together these data demonstrate a key role for SOX11 in normal kidney development and may suggest that variants in this gene predispose to CAKUT in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirsten Y Renkema
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Filippo Massa
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | - Haroun Dhib
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Ernie M H F Bongers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wout F Feitz
- Department of Urology, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertien M van Eerde
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Lefebvre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic-Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nine V A M Knoers
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mansoureh Tabatabaei
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Heidelberg University Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Schulz
- University of Cologne, Cologne Center for Genomics, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helen McNeill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Heidelberg University Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schedl
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France.
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14
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Camacho-Urkaray E, Santos-Juanes J, Gutiérrez-Corres FB, García B, Quirós LM, Guerra-Merino I, Aguirre JJ, Fernández-Vega I. Establishing cut-off points with clinical relevance for bcl-2, cyclin D1, p16, p21, p27, p53, Sox11 and WT1 expression in glioblastoma - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 41:213-221. [PMID: 29218546 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) ranks among the most challenging cancers to treat and there is an urgent need for clinically relevant prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we set out to investigate the expression of eight proteins (bcl-2, cyclin D1, p16, p21, p27, p53, Sox11 and WT1) in GBM with the specific aim to establish immunohistochemistry cut-off points with clinical relevance. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine protein expression in 55 surgical GBM specimens using H-scores, and IHC cut-off points were established using the Cutoff Finder web platform. Protein co-expression and its correlation with histopathological features were assessed, and cases were classified according to IDH1 mutation status. Survival curves were determined using Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS Clinical and molecular parameters found to be correlated with overall survival (OS) were tumor size (r = -0.278; p = 0.048), p53 (r = -0.452; p = 0.001), p16 (r = 0.351; p = 0.012) and Sox11 (r = 0.324; p = 0.020). In addition, we found that tumor size correlated with cyclin D1 (r = -0.282; p = 0.037), p53 (r = 0.269; p = 0.041), Sox11 (r = -0.309; p = 0.022) and WT1 (r = -0.372; p = 0.003). Variables found to be significantly associated with IDH1 mutation status were OS (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.01), cyclin D1 (p = 0.046), p16 (p = 0.019) and Sox11 (p = 0.012). Variables found to be significantly associated with a poor survival were tumor size >5 cm (p < 0.001), bcl-2 score > 40 (p = 0.034), cyclin D1 score ≤ 70 (p = 0.004), p16 score ≤ 130 (p = 0.005), p53 score > 20 (p = 0.003), Sox11 score ≤ 40 (p < 0.001) and WT1 score ≤ 270 (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Correlations between protein biomarkers and main clinical GBM variables were identified. The establishment of distinct biomarker cut-off points may enable clinicians and pathologists to better weigh their prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Camacho-Urkaray
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jorge Santos-Juanes
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz García
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis M Quirós
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isabel Guerra-Merino
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - José Javier Aguirre
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Iván Fernández-Vega
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. .,Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain. .,Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain.
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15
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Kavyanifar A, Turan S, Lie DC. SoxC transcription factors: multifunctional regulators of neurodevelopment. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 371:91-103. [PMID: 29079881 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During development, generation of neurons is coordinated by the sequential activation of gene expression programs by stage- and subtype-specific transcription factor networks. The SoxC group transcription factors, Sox4 and Sox11, have recently emerged as critical components of this network. Initially identified as survival and differentiation factors for neural precursors, SoxC factors have now been linked to a broader array of developmental processes including neuronal subtype specification, migration, dendritogenesis and establishment of neuronal projections, and are now being employed in experimental strategies for neuronal replacement and axonal regeneration in the diseased central nervous system. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding SoxC factor function in CNS development and disease and their promise for regeneration.
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16
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Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism controlling gene expression without affecting
DNA sequences, and aberrant DNA methylation patterns are features of a number of diseases.
Notably, epigenetic errors in cancer cells have been intensively studied over the last two
decades in humans; however, little is known concerning dogs and cats. To analyze DNA
methylation and gene expression changes in feline lymphoma cells, we added the DNA
methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-aza) to three cell lines (3281 and FT-1
cells derived from T-cell lymphoma and MS4 cells derived from B-cell lymphoma). Adding
5-aza significantly retarded cell growth in a dose-dependent manner in all cell lines, and
there were aberrant gene expression patterns. Transcription factor Sox11
expression in 3281 cells was de-repressed by 5-aza treatment, and subsequent promoter DNA
demethylation was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing. Cell cycle analysis suggested that
inhibition of cell growth was due to DNA replication arrest, and this supported the result
of increased expression of p27kip1 gene which disturbed cells of 3281 and
FT-1 entering the S phase. In this study, 5-aza suppressed the growth of feline lymphoma
cells, but further experiments with normal lymph cells are necessary to confirm
specificity of this drug treatment and to expand it for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maika Fujita
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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17
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Norsworthy MW, Bei F, Kawaguchi R, Wang Q, Tran NM, Li Y, Brommer B, Zhang Y, Wang C, Sanes JR, Coppola G, He Z. Sox11 Expression Promotes Regeneration of Some Retinal Ganglion Cell Types but Kills Others. Neuron 2017. [PMID: 28641110 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
At least 30 types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) send distinct messages through the optic nerve to the brain. Available strategies of promoting axon regeneration act on only some of these types. Here we tested the hypothesis that overexpressing developmentally important transcription factors in adult RGCs could reprogram them to a "youthful" growth-competent state and promote regeneration of other types. From a screen of transcription factors, we identified Sox11 as one that could induce substantial axon regeneration. Transcriptome profiling indicated that Sox11 activates genes involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and axon growth. Remarkably, α-RGCs, which preferentially regenerate following treatments such as Pten deletion, were killed by Sox11 overexpression. Thus, Sox11 promotes regeneration of non-α-RGCs, which are refractory to Pten deletion-induced regeneration. We conclude that Sox11 can reprogram adult RGCs to a growth-competent state, suggesting that different growth-promoting interventions promote regeneration in distinct neuronal types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Norsworthy
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; PhD Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fengfeng Bei
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
| | - Nicholas M Tran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yi Li
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benedikt Brommer
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yiming Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA; Department of Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA.
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Hoshiba Y, Toda T, Ebisu H, Wakimoto M, Yanagi S, Kawasaki H. Sox11 Balances Dendritic Morphogenesis with Neuronal Migration in the Developing Cerebral Cortex. J Neurosci 2016; 36:5775-84. [PMID: 27225767 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3250-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The coordinated mechanisms balancing promotion and suppression of dendritic morphogenesis are crucial for the development of the cerebral cortex. Although previous studies have revealed important transcription factors that promote dendritic morphogenesis during development, those that suppress dendritic morphogenesis are still largely unknown. Here we found that the expression levels of the transcription factor Sox11 decreased dramatically during dendritic morphogenesis. Our loss- and gain-of-function studies using postnatal electroporation and in utero electroporation indicate that Sox11 is necessary and sufficient for inhibiting dendritic morphogenesis of excitatory neurons in the mouse cerebral cortex during development. Interestingly, we found that precocious suppression of Sox11 expression caused precocious branching of neurites and a neuronal migration defect. We also found that the end of radial migration induced the reduction of Sox11 expression. These findings indicate that suppression of dendritic morphogenesis by Sox11 during radial migration is crucial for the formation of the cerebral cortex. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Because dendritic morphology has profound impacts on neuronal information processing, the mechanisms underlying dendritic morphogenesis during development are of great interest. Our loss- and gain-of-function studies indicate that Sox11 is necessary and sufficient for inhibiting dendritic morphogenesis of excitatory neurons in the mouse cerebral cortex during development. Interestingly, we found that precocious suppression of Sox11 expression caused a neuronal migration defect. These findings indicate that suppression of dendritic morphogenesis by Sox11 during radial migration is crucial for the formation of the cerebral cortex.
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19
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Jayaprakash N, Wang Z, Hoeynck B, Krueger N, Kramer A, Balle E, Wheeler DS, Wheeler RA, Blackmore MG. Optogenetic Interrogation of Functional Synapse Formation by Corticospinal Tract Axons in the Injured Spinal Cord. J Neurosci 2016; 36:5877-90. [PMID: 27225775 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4203-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED To restore function after injury to the CNS, axons must be stimulated to extend into denervated territory and, critically, must form functional synapses with appropriate targets. We showed previously that forced overexpression of the transcription factor Sox11 increases axon growth by corticospinal tract (CST) neurons after spinal injury. However, behavioral outcomes were not improved, raising the question of whether the newly sprouted axons are able to form functional synapses. Here we developed an optogenetic strategy, paired with single-unit extracellular recordings, to assess the ability of Sox11-stimulated CST axons to functionally integrate in the circuitry of the cervical spinal cord. Initial time course experiments established the expression and function of virally expressed Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) in CST cell bodies and in axon terminals in cervical spinal cord. Pyramidotomies were performed in adult mice to deprive the left side of the spinal cord of CST input, and the right CST was treated with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-Sox11 or AAV-EBFP control, along with AAV-ChR2. As expected, Sox11 treatment caused robust midline crossing of CST axons into previously denervated left spinal cord. Clear postsynaptic responses resulted from optogenetic activation of CST terminals, demonstrating the ability of Sox11-stimulated axons to form functional synapses. Mapping of the distribution of CST-evoked spinal activity revealed overall similarity between intact and newly innervated spinal tissue. These data demonstrate the formation of functional synapses by Sox11-stimulated CST axons without significant behavioral benefit, suggesting that new synapses may be mistargeted or otherwise impaired in the ability to coordinate functional output. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT As continued progress is made in promoting the regeneration of CNS axons, questions of synaptic integration are increasingly prominent. Demonstrating direct synaptic integration by regenerated axons and distinguishing its function from indirect relay circuits and target field plasticity have presented technical challenges. Here we force the overexpression of Sox11 to stimulate the growth of corticospinal tract axons in the cervical spinal cord and then use specific optogenetic activation to assess their ability to directly drive postsynaptic activity in spinal cord neurons. By confirming successful synaptic integration, these data illustrate a novel optogenetic-based strategy to monitor and optimize functional reconnection by newly sprouted axons in the injured CNS.
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20
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Otsuka Y, Nishikori M, Kitano T, Oka T, Ishikawa T, Haga H, Takaori-Kondo A. Persistence of a t(11;14)-positive clone in a patient with mantle cell lymphoma for 20 years. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:477-481. [PMID: 28396772 PMCID: PMC5378856 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a patient with extremely indolent mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who had progressed and required immunochemotherapy 20 years after diagnostic splenectomy. Non‐nodal, indolent MCL patients may progress after such an extraordinary long indolent phase, and we recommend lifelong follow up for such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Otsuka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Momoko Nishikori
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kitano
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Tomomi Oka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital Kobe Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Pathology Kyoto University Hospital Kyoto Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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21
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Sinha P, Singh K, Sachan M. Heterogeneous pattern of DNA methylation in developmentally important genes correlates with its chromatin conformation. BMC Mol Biol 2017; 18:1. [PMID: 28081716 PMCID: PMC5234095 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-016-0078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is a major epigenetic modification, playing a crucial role in the development and differentiation of higher organisms. DNA methylation is also known to regulate transcription by gene repression. Various developmental genes such as c-mos, HoxB5, Sox11, and Sry show tissue-specific gene expression that was shown to be regulated by promoter DNA methylation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the establishment of chromatin marks (active or repressive) in relation to heterogeneous methylation in the promoter regions of these developmentally important genes. Results Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to immuno-precipitate chromatin by antibodies against both active (H3K4me3) and repressive (H3K9me3) chromatin regions. The analysis of ChIP results showed that both the percentage input and fold enrichment of activated chromatin was higher in tissues expressing the respective genes as compared to the tissues not expressing the same set of genes. This was true for all the genes selected for the study (c-mos, HoxB5, Sox11, and Sry). These findings illustrate that inconsistent DNA methylation patterns (sporadic, mosaic and heterogeneous) may also influence gene regulation, thereby resulting in the modulation of chromatin conformation. Conclusions These findings illustrate that various patterns of DNA methylation (asynchronous, mosaic and heterogeneous) correlates with chromatin modification, resulting in the gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, 211004, India
| | - Kiran Singh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, 211004, India.
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22
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Abstract
Glaucoma and other optic neuropathies result in optic nerve degeneration and the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) through complex signaling pathways. Although the mechanisms that regulate RGC development remain unclear, uncovering novel developmental pathways may support new strategies to regenerate the optic nerve or replace RGCs. Here we review recent studies that provide strong evidence that the Sry-related high-mobility-group C (SoxC) subfamily of transcription factors (TFs) are necessary and sufficient for axon guidance and RGC fate specification. These findings also uncover novel SoxC-dependent mechanisms that serve as master regulators during important steps of RGC development. For example, we review work showing that SoxC TFs regulate RGC axon guidance and direction through the optic chiasm towards their appropriate targets in the brain. We also review work demonstrating that Sox11 subcellular localization is, in part, controlled through small ubiquitin-like post-translational modifier (SUMO) and suggest compensatory cross-talk between Sox4 and Sox11. Furthermore, Sox4 overexpression is shown to positively drive RGC differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Finally, we discuss how these findings may contribute to the advancement of regenerative and cell-based therapies to treat glaucoma and other optic nerve neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Hertz
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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23
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Mu Z, Zhang S, He C, Hou H, Liu D, Hu N, Xu H. Expression of SoxC Transcription Factors during Zebrafish Retinal and Optic Nerve Regeneration. Neurosci Bull 2016; 33:53-61. [PMID: 27743342 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The SoxC transcription factors (Sox4, Sox11, and Sox12) play important roles in the development of the vertebrate eye and retina. However, their expression and function during retinal and optic nerve regeneration remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the expression and possible functions of the SoxC genes after retinal and optic nerve injury in adult zebrafish. We found that among the five SoxC members, Sox11b was strongly induced in BrdU-positive cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL) after retinal injury, and morpholino-mediated Sox11b-knockdown significantly reduced the number of proliferating cells in the INL at 4 days post-injury. After optic nerve lesion, both Sox11a and Sox11b were strongly expressed in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and knockdown of both Sox11a and Sox11b inhibited RGC axon regrowth in retinal explants. Our study thus uncovered a novel expression pattern of SoxC family genes after retinal and optic nerve injury, and suggests that they have important functions during retinal and optic nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Mu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Shuqiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chunjiao He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Haitao Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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24
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Gaur S, Mandelbaum M, Herold M, Majumdar HD, Neilson KM, Maynard TM, Mood K, Daar IO, Moody SA. Neural transcription factors bias cleavage stage blastomeres to give rise to neural ectoderm. Genesis 2016; 54:334-49. [PMID: 27092474 PMCID: PMC4912902 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The decision by embryonic ectoderm to give rise to epidermal versus neural derivatives is the result of signaling events during blastula and gastrula stages. However, there also is evidence in Xenopus that cleavage stage blastomeres contain maternally derived molecules that bias them toward a neural fate. We used a blastomere explant culture assay to test whether maternally deposited transcription factors bias 16-cell blastomere precursors of epidermal or neural ectoderm to express early zygotic neural genes in the absence of gastrulation interactions or exogenously supplied signaling factors. We found that Foxd4l1, Zic2, Gmnn, and Sox11 each induced explants made from ventral, epidermis-producing blastomeres to express early neural genes, and that at least some of the Foxd4l1 and Zic2 activities are required at cleavage stages. Similarly, providing extra Foxd4l1 or Zic2 to explants made from dorsal, neural plate-producing blastomeres significantly increased the expression of early neural genes, whereas knocking down either significantly reduced them. These results show that maternally delivered transcription factors bias cleavage stage blastomeres to a neural fate. We demonstrate that mouse and human homologs of Foxd4l1 have similar functional domains compared to the frog protein, as well as conserved transcriptional activities when expressed in Xenopus embryos and blastomere explants. genesis 54:334-349, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailly Gaur
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Max Mandelbaum
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Mona Herold
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Himani Datta Majumdar
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Karen M. Neilson
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Kathy Mood
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ira O. Daar
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sally A. Moody
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington DC, USA
- George Washington University Institute for Neuroscience
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25
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Del Pino Sans J, Clements KJ, Suvorov A, Krishnan S, Adams HL, Petersen SL. Developmental exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin may alter LH release patterns by abolishing sex differences in GABA/glutamate cell number and modifying the transcriptome of the male anteroventral periventricular nucleus. Neuroscience 2016; 329:239-53. [PMID: 27185484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands abolishes sex differences in a wide range of neural structures and functions. A well-studied example is the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), a structure that controls sex-specific luteinizing hormone (LH) release. In the male, testosterone (T) secreted by the developing testes defeminizes LH release mechanisms; conversely, perinatal AhR activation by 2,3,7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) blocks defeminization. To better understand developmental mechanisms altered by TCDD exposure, we first verified that neonatal TCDD exposure in male rats prevented the loss of AVPV GABA/glutamate neurons that are critical for female-typical LH surge release. We then used whole genome arrays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) to compare AVPV transcriptomes of males treated neonatally with TCDD or vehicle. Our bioinformatics analyses showed that TCDD enriched gene sets important for neuron development, synaptic transmission, ion homeostasis, and cholesterol biosynthesis. In addition, upstream regulatory analysis suggests that both estrogen receptors (ER) and androgen receptors (AR) regulate genes targeted by TCDD. Of the 23 mRNAs found to be changed by TCDD at least 2-fold (p<0.05), most participate in the functions identified in our bioinformatics analyses. Several, including matrix metallopeptidase 9 and SRY-box 11 (Sox11), are known targets of E2. CUG triplet repeat, RNA binding protein 2 (cugbp2) is particularly interesting because it is sex-specific, oppositely regulated by estradiol (E2) and TCDD. Moreover, it regulates the post-transcriptional processing of molecules previously linked to sexual differentiation of the brain. These findings provide new insights into how TCDD may interfere with defeminization of LH release patterns.
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Huang H, Yang X, Bao M, Cao H, Miao X, Zhang X, Gan L, Qiu M, Zhang Z. Ablation of the Sox11 Gene Results in Clefting of the Secondary Palate Resembling the Pierre Robin Sequence. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7107-18. [PMID: 26826126 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.690875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse gene inactivation has shown that the transcription factor Sox11 is required for mouse palatogenesis. However, whether Sox11 is primarily involved in the regulation of palatogenesis still remains elusive. In this study, we explored the role ofSox11in palatogenesis by analyzing the developmental mechanism in cleft palate formation in mutants deficient in Sox11. Sox11 is expressed both in the developing palatal shelf and in the surrounding structures, including the mandible. We found that cleft palate occurs only in the mutant in which Sox11is directly deleted. As in the wild type, the palatal shelves in the Sox11 mutant undergo outgrowth in a downward direction and exhibit potential for fusion and elevation. However, mutant palatal shelves encounter clefting, which is associated with a malpositioned tongue that results in physical obstruction of palatal shelf elevation at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5). We found that loss of Sox11led to reduced cell proliferation in the developing mandibular mesenchyme via Cyclin D1, leading to mandibular hypoplasia, which blocks tongue descent. Extensive analyses of gene expression inSox11 deficiency identified FGF9 as a potential candidate target of Sox11 in the modulation of cell proliferation both in the mandible and the palatal shelf between E12.5 and E13.5. Finally we show, using in vitro assays, that Sox11 directly regulates the expression of Fgf9 and that application of FGF9 protein to Sox11-deficient palatal shelves restores the rate of BrdU incorporation. Taken together, the palate defects presented in the Sox11 loss mutant mimic the clefting in the Pierre Robin sequence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Huang
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Meiling Bao
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Huanhuan Cao
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Lin Gan
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
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27
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Wang Z, Reynolds A, Kirry A, Nienhaus C, Blackmore MG. Overexpression of Sox11 promotes corticospinal tract regeneration after spinal injury while interfering with functional recovery. J Neurosci 2015; 35:3139-45. [PMID: 25698749 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2832-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic neurons, peripheral neurons, and CNS neurons in zebrafish respond to axon injury by initiating pro-regenerative transcriptional programs that enable axons to extend, locate appropriate targets, and ultimately contribute to behavioral recovery. In contrast, many long-distance projection neurons in the adult mammalian CNS, notably corticospinal tract (CST) neurons, display a much lower regenerative capacity. To promote CNS repair, a long-standing goal has been to activate pro-regenerative mechanisms that are normally missing from injured CNS neurons. Sox11 is a transcription factor whose expression is common to a many types of regenerating neurons, but it is unknown whether suboptimal Sox11 expression contributes to low regenerative capacity in the adult mammalian CNS. Here we show in adult mice that dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGs) and CST neurons fail to upregulate Sox11 after spinal axon injury. Furthermore, forced viral expression of Sox11 reduces axonal dieback of DRG axons, and promotes CST sprouting and regenerative axon growth in both acute and chronic injury paradigms. In tests of forelimb dexterity, however, Sox11 overexpression in the cortex caused a modest but consistent behavioral impairment. These data identify Sox11 as a key transcription factor that can confer an elevated innate regenerative capacity to CNS neurons. The results also demonstrate an unexpected dissociation between axon growth and behavioral outcome, highlighting the need for additional strategies to optimize the functional output of stimulated neurons.
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28
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Gadi J, Jung SH, Lee MJ, Jami A, Ruthala K, Kim KM, Cho NH, Jung HS, Kim CH, Lim SK. The transcription factor protein Sox11 enhances early osteoblast differentiation by facilitating proliferation and the survival of mesenchymal and osteoblast progenitors. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25400-25413. [PMID: 23888050 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.413377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox11 deletion mice are known to exhibit developmental defects of craniofacial skeletal malformations, asplenia, and hypoplasia of the lung, stomach, and pancreas. Despite the importance of Sox11 in the developing skeleton, the role of Sox11 in osteogenesis has not been studied yet. In this study, we identified that Sox11 is an important transcription factor for regulating the proliferation and survival of osteoblast precursor cells as well as the self-renewal potency of mesenchymal progenitor cells via up-regulation of Tead2. Furthermore, Sox11 also plays an important role in the segregation of functional osteoblast lineage progenitors from osteochondrogenic progenitors. Facilitation of osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal cells was achieved by enhanced expression of the osteoblast lineage specific transcription factors Runx2 and Osterix. Morpholino-targeted disruption of Sox11 in zebrafish impaired organogenesis, including the bones, which were under mineralized. These results indicated that Sox11 plays a crucial role in the proliferation and survival of mesenchymal and osteoblast precursors by Tead2, and osteogenic differentiation by regulating Runx2 and Osterix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogeswar Gadi
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Endocrine Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- the Diabetic Complications Research Center, Division of Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM), Integrated Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Korea 305-811; the Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea 305-764
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- the Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences,; the Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 120-752, and
| | - Ajita Jami
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Endocrine Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine,; the Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences
| | - Kalyani Ruthala
- the Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences,; the Department of Anatomy, Embryology Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 120-752
| | - Kyoung-Min Kim
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Endocrine Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine,; the Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences
| | | | - Han-Sung Jung
- the Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 120-752, and
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- the Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea 305-764
| | - Sung-Kil Lim
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Endocrine Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine,; the Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences,.
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