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González-Martín JV, Pérez-Villalobos N, Baumgartner W, Astiz S. An investigation into the development of right displaced abomasum by rolling 268 dairy cows with left displaced abomasum. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11268-11279. [PMID: 31548052 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Right displaced abomasum (RDA) and abomasal volvulus (AV) are common diseases in cattle. However, presently there is no consensus regarding the pathogenesis and nomenclature of the different positions that the abomasum can adopt in the right side of the cow. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the etiopathogenesis of the right displaced abomasum according to the description of the features observed in 268 cows with left displaced abomasum (LDA), which were rolled to induce the movement of the abomasum from the left side to the right (in fact, inducing an RDA in 44% of cases), to facilitate the surgical approach, and immediately surgically treated (abomasal omentopexy from the right side). The observed RDA positions matched previously published descriptions and names, and the authors propose a holistic and simpler nomenclature and a clear hypothesis on RDA etiopathogenesis. In 54.1% of the cases, the abomasum moved to a normal position after rolling. The most common RDA position observed was caudal displacement of the RDA (CdRDA; 70 out of 119 RDA cases; 26.1% of the total number of cows), followed by lateral displacement (LRDA; 32 of 119; 11.9% of all cases), cranial displacement (CrRDA; 8 of 119; 3% of the total), medial displacement (MRDA; 4 of 119; 1.5% of the total), and finally, displacement lateral to the omasum (LORDA; 3 of 119; 1.1% of the total). Adverse events directly due to the rolling procedure were mesenteric root volvulus (3 of 268), cecocolic volvulus (2 of 268) and torsion (1 of 268), and uterus torsion (2 of 10 pregnant cows); 1 abortion (1 of 10 pregnant cows) was also observed. We suggest that CdRDA is the first stage of an RDA that can become an LRDA with increasing pressure. An LRDA can become an AV if rotating counterclockwise, viewed from above. An LDA, CdRDA, or LRDA could be initial forms of LORDA and CrRDA, and occur when forestomachs are empty or when the animal stands up on its front legs first. The LORDA and CrRDA forms can lead to an omasum-abomasum volvulus (OAV) or to a reticulum-omasum-abomasum volvulus (ROAV) when pressure increases. With this study we establish, for the first time, the sequence and incidence of each RDA form and its complications, increasing knowledge of this syndrome and its pathogenesis. This understanding critically aids the surgeon's ability to accurately assess and correct this disease and to predict prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V González-Martín
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Spain; Trialvet Veterinary Consultancy and Research SL, 28721 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Pérez-Villalobos
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Spain; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Spain
| | - W Baumgartner
- University of Veterinary Medicine, University Clinic for Ruminants, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Astiz
- Department of Animal Reproduction (INIA), UCM, 28040 Spain.
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Calsamiglia S, Astiz S, Baucells J, Castillejos L. A stochastic dynamic model of a dairy farm to evaluate the technical and economic performance under different scenarios. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7517-7530. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Vázquez-Gómez M, García-Contreras C, Torres-Rovira L, Astiz S, Óvilo C, González-Bulnes A, Isabel B. Maternal undernutrition and offspring sex determine birth-weight, postnatal development and meat characteristics in traditional swine breeds. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:27. [PMID: 29560268 PMCID: PMC5858148 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine how maternal undernutrition during pregnancy and offspring birth-weight can affect the postnatal development of offspring under farm conditions, which may lead to consequences in its meat and carcass quality. The current study involved a total of 80 litters from Iberian sows fed a diet fulfilling daily requirements (n = 47; control) or providing 70% daily requirements (n = 33; underfed) from d 38 to d 90 of gestation when fetal tissue development begins. After birth, piglets born live were classified as low birth-weight (LBW; < 1 kg) and normal birth-weight (NBW; ≥1 kg). During the growing phase, 240 control and 230 underfed pigs (50% males and females) distributed by BW category and sex were studied until the slaughter. Results At birth and weaning, there were significant differences in all morphological measures and weight between NBW and LBW piglets as expected (P < 0.0005), but few effects of the gestational feed restriction. During the growing phase, NBW pigs continued with higher weight than LBW pigs on all the days of evaluation (P < 0.05), even though control-LBW-females and LBW-males showed a catch-up growth. However, underfed pigs showed slower growth and higher feed conversion ratio than control pigs (P < 0.0001) at 215 days old. Moreover, the average daily weight gain (ADWG) for the overall period was greater for NBW, male and control pigs than for their LBW, female and underfed pigs (P < 0.0001, P< 0.0005 and P< 0.05, respectively) and NBW pigs were slaughtered at a younger age than LBW pigs (P < 0.0001). After slaughtering, control pigs also had higher carcass yield and backfat depth than underfed pigs (P < 0.0005) and the maternal nutritional effect caused main changes in the polar lipid fraction of liver and loin. The fatty acid composition of loin in control pigs had higher C18:1n-9 and n-3 FA concentrations, as well as lower ∑n-6/∑n-3 ratio, than in underfed pigs (P < 0.005). Conclusions In brief, results showed that the effects of maternal nutritional restriction appeared and increased with offspring age, causing worse developmental patterns for underfed pigs than for control pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0240-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - B Isabel
- 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UCM, Madrid, Spain
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García-Contreras C, Vázquez-Gómez M, Astiz S, Torres-Rovira L, Isabel B, Óvilo C, González-Bulnes A. Efectos del sexo y edad gestacional sobre la composición de ácidos grasos de fetos de cerdo Ibérico expuestos a malnutrición materna. ARCH ZOOTEC 2018. [DOI: 10.21071/az.v67isupplement.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
El crecimiento intrauterino retardado (CIR) es debido a un inadecuado aporte de oxígeno y/o nutrientes durante el desarrollo prenatal. La respuesta adaptativa de la descendencia es tiempo dependiente, pero además están aumentando las evidencias de que el sexo fetal ejerce un fuerte efecto modulador sobre dicha respuesta. El presente estudio pretendió determinar los efectos de la edad gestacional y el sexo fetal sobre la composición de ácidos grasos en tejidos no adiposos involucrados en la regulación metabólica durante el desarrollo de fetos con CIR. Para ello, se analizó la composición de ácidos grasos en hígado y músculo (longissimus dorsi) de fetos con CIR (obtenidos como consecuencia de una malnutrición materna) durante la gestación (día 70 vs. 90), así como el efecto del sexo (machos vs. hembras). La distribución final de los fetos muestreados fue de: 33 fetos a día 70 de gestación (13 hembras y 20 machos), y 23 fetos a día 90 (10 hembras y 13 machos). Tanto en hígado como en músculo, una mayor concentración de ácidos grasos saturados (SFA; P
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Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Astiz S, Ovilo C, Isabel B, Lopez-Bote C, Torres-Rovira L, Ayuso M, Vazquez-Gomez M, Garcia-Contreras C. Implicaciones de la programación prenatal en la producción de cerdo ibérico. ARCH ZOOTEC 2018. [DOI: 10.21071/az.v67isupplement.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
El presente artículo revisa diversos aspectos de la programación prenatal en el cerdo ibérico. La investigación sobre los factores que condicionan el fenotipo adulto y la homeorresis en diferentes especies ha abordado tanto la predisposición genética como el papel determinante de la nutrición durante el período prenatal. Tanto la sobrenutrición como la subnutrición en la etapa fetal (la segunda por subnutrición materna o por insuficiencia placentaria) pueden alterar la expresión del genoma y los componentes y funciones de los diferentes sistemas en la descendencia, lo que da lugar a alteraciones en el desarrollo y composición corporal, aparición de trastornos metabólicos y un mayor riesgo para la salud. En los cerdos, y específicamente en la raza ibérica, la exposición de los fetos a la sub/desnutrición, comúnmente por desnutrición materna o insuficiencia placentaria, tiene una alta incidencia en fases avanzadas de gestación. Los lechones expuestos a desnutrición materna durante los dos últimos tercios de la gestación son más pequeños al nacer, ya que se ven afectados por un proceso denominado ‘retraso del crecimiento intrauterino’ o IUGR por sus siglas en inglés. En razas magras, tanto los machos como las hembras ven comprometido su crecimiento postnatal y se produce un aumento de la acumulación de grasa y aparición de trastornos metabólicos durante los períodos de engorde. En la raza ibérica, el crecimiento postnatal en el caso de la exposición prenatal a dietas de baja energía depende del sexo. Así, el crecimiento postnatal en los machos se ve afectado de forma similar a las razas magras, mientras que sus hermanas muestran un crecimiento compensatorio muy temprano, durante el período de lactación, antes del destete. Posteriormente, en respuesta a las dietas con alto contenido energético que se utilizan durante el período de engorde, tanto los machos como las hembras presentan aumento de adiposidad a nivel subcutáneo, visceral e intramuscular, presentan una mayor incidencia de trastornos metabólicos y presentan cambios significativos en la composición intramuscular de ácidos grasos, con respecto a los lechones que no habían sufrido subnutrición durante su vida intrauterina.
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Patron R, López-Helguera I, Sebastián F, Pesantez-Pacheco JL, Pérez-Villalobos N, Vicente González Martín J, Fargas O, Astiz S. Influence of practitioner expertise during early pregnancy diagnosis on pregnancy loss rate: A controlled, blinded trial. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:1145-1148. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - I López-Helguera
- Departament de Ciencia Animal; Agrotecnio; Universitat de Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | | | - J-L Pesantez-Pacheco
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Universidad de Cuenca; Cuenca Ecuador
- Animal Reproduction Department; INIA; Madrid Spain
| | | | - J Vicente González Martín
- Trialvet SL; Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria (UCM); Madrid Spain
| | | | - S Astiz
- Animal Reproduction Department; INIA; Madrid Spain
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Patron-Collantes R, Lopez-Helguera I, Pesantez-Pacheco JL, Sebastian F, Fernández M, Fargas O, Astiz S. Early postpartum administration of equine chorionic gonadotropin to dairy cows calved during the hot season: Effects on fertility after first artificial insemination. Theriogenology 2017; 92:83-89. [PMID: 28237348 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress reduces fertility of high-producing dairy cows, and early administration of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) may improve it. Here, 401 heat-stressed, high-producing dairy cows on a single commercial farm were given eCG (500 UI, n = 214) or saline (n = 187) on days 11-17 after calving, and the effects on fertility after the first artificial insemination (AI) were assessed. On post-partum day 96.34 ± 9.88, all cows were inseminated after a "double short Cosynch" synchronization protocol. Ovarian activity and uterine status were checked by ultrasound on the day of eCG administration and every 7 days thereafter for a total of 3 weeks; checks were also performed during synchronization, and 7 days after AI. On post-partum day 30, cytobrush uterine cytology was performed to check for subclinical endometritis. Pregnancy status was checked on days 30 and 60 after AI. The eCG and control groups did not differ significantly in terms of average lactations per cow (2.33 ± 1.34), days in milk at first AI (96.33 ± 9.88), average milk yield at AI (41.38 ± 7.74 L), or the particular inseminator or bull used for AI. The eCG and control groups showed increasing ovarian activity with time, with approximately 75% of cows in both groups showing a corpus luteum at the beginning of the synchronization protocol. On post-partum day 30, 17.4% of eCG cows and 22.9% of control cows showed subclinical endometritis. Cows treated with eCG showed a tendency toward lower hyperecogenic intraluminal content (16.8 vs. 21.4%, P = 0.15), but ovarian activity during the synchronization protocol was similar between eCG and control groups, with 91% of animals in both groups showing luteolysis after prostaglandin application and 88% showing ovulation after the last administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Fertility was similar between the two groups at both time points after AI (30 days, 34.9 vs. 31.8%; 60 days, 30.6 vs. 28.5%; P > 0.2). These results suggest that early postpartum eCG administration does not improve fertility of heat-stressed dairy cows as long as 60 days after AI. Other strategies may be more effective at mitigating the ability of post-partum heat stress to reduce fertility of high-producing dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patron-Collantes
- TRIALVET S.L., C/ Encina 22, Cabanillas de la Sierra, 28721, Madrid, Spain.
| | - I Lopez-Helguera
- Dpto. Ciencia Animal, Universitat de Lleida and Agrotecnio center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, Spain.
| | - J L Pesantez-Pacheco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cuenca, Avda. Doce de Octubre, Cuenca, Ecuador; Dpto. Reproducción Animal (INIA), Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Sebastian
- Cowvet SL, Avda. País Valenciano 6, 5, 46117, Betera, Valencia, Spain; Granja SAT More, Camino Alcublas, C/ Porta Celi s/n, 46117, Bétere, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Fernández
- Granja SAT More, Camino Alcublas, C/ Porta Celi s/n, 46117, Bétere, Valencia, Spain.
| | - O Fargas
- VAPL S.L., C/Antoni Figueras 20, Tona, 08551, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - S Astiz
- Dpto. Reproducción Animal (INIA), Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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García-Contreras C, Valent D, Vázquez-Gómez M, Arroyo L, Isabel B, Astiz S, Bassols A, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Fetal growth-retardation and brain-sparing by malnutrition are associated to changes in neurotransmitters profile. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 57:72-76. [PMID: 28104460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assesses possible changes in the levels of different neurotransmitters (catecholamines and indoleamines) in fetuses affected by nutrient shortage. Hence, we determined the concentration of catecholamines and indoleamines at the hypothalamus of 56 swine fetuses obtained at both 70 and 90days of pregnancy (n=33 and 23 fetuses, respectively). The degree of fetal development and the fetal sex affected the neurotransmitters profile at both stages. At Day 70, there were found higher mean concentrations of l-DOPA in both female and male fetuses with severe IUGR; male fetuses with severe IUGR also showed higher concentrations of TRP than normal male littermates. At Day 90 of pregnancy, the differences between sexes were more evident. There were no significant effects from either severe IUGR on the neurotransmitter profile in male fetuses. However, in the females, a lower body-weight was related to lower concentrations of l-DOPA and TRP and those female fetuses affected by severe IUGR evidenced lower HVA concentration. In conclusion, the fetal synthesis and use of neurotransmitters increase with time of pregnancy but, in case of IUGR, both catecholamines and indoleamines pathways are affected by sex-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Valent
- Faculty of Veterinary, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - L Arroyo
- Faculty of Veterinary, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Isabel
- Faculty of Veterinary, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Bassols
- Faculty of Veterinary, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Astiz S, Ovilo C, Lopez-Bote CJ, Torres-Rovira L, Barbero A, Ayuso M, Garcia-Contreras C, Vazquez-Gomez M. Developmental Origins of Health and Disease in swine: implications for animal production and biomedical research. Theriogenology 2016; 86:110-9. [PMID: 27238437 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The concept of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) addresses, from a large set of epidemiological evidences in human beings and translational studies in animal models, both the importance of genetic predisposition and the determinant role of maternal nutrition during pregnancy on adult morphomics and homeostasis. Compelling evidences suggest that both overnutrition and undernutrition may modify the intrauterine environment of the conceptus and may alter the expression of its genome and therefore its phenotype during prenatal and postnatal life. In fact, the DOHaD concept is an extreme shift in the vision of the factors conditioning adult phenotype and supposes a drastic change from a gene-centric perspective, only modified by lifestyle and nutritional strategies during juvenile development and adulthood, to a more holistic approach in which environmental, parental, and prenatal conditions are strongly determining postnatal development and homeostasis. The implications of DOHaD are profound in all the mammalian species and the present review summarizes current knowledge on causes and consequences of DOHaD in pigs, both for meat production and as a well-recognized model for biomedicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Comparative Physiology Lab-RA, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - S Astiz
- Comparative Physiology Lab-RA, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Ovilo
- Department of Animal Genetics, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - L Torres-Rovira
- Comparative Physiology Lab-RA, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain; INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - A Barbero
- Faculty of Veterinary, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ayuso
- Faculty of Veterinary, UCM, Madrid, Spain
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McDougall S, Abbeloos E, Piepers S, Rao A, Astiz S, van Werven T, Statham J, Pérez-Villalobos N. Addition of meloxicam to the treatment of clinical mastitis improves subsequent reproductive performance. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:2026-2042. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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López-Tello J, Arias-Alvarez M, González-Bulnes A, Astiz S, García-García RM, Rodríguez M, Lorenzo PL, Rebollar P. 91 SILDENAFIL CITRATE MODIFIES FETOPLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT IN A RABBIT MODEL OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv27n1ab91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of fetuses to achieve their full growth potential is known as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Sildenafil citrate (SC) is a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, which enhances nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilatation, and it may have a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of IUGR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SC on placental and fetal development in a diet-induced rabbit model of IUGR. A total of 24 rabbits does weighing 4.3 ± 0.49 kg on average were used. At Day 9 of pregnancy, females were randomly allocated into 3 experimental groups: one group was fed ad libitum during pregnancy (Group C; n = 8); the rest of the does had 50% restricted daily intake and were treated or not with 20 mg of SC daily from Day 22 of pregnancy until parturition (Groups SC and R, respectively, n = 8 for both). At Day 28 of pregnancy, half of the pregnant does from each group were euthanised to study fetoplacental development, while the remaining does were allowed to deliver. At Day 28, weight, length, and thickness of fetal and maternal placentas, and fetal weight and size [crown-rump length (CRL), and transversal thoracic diameter (TD)] were assessed. A fetus was considered IUGR when it weighted less than the 10th percentile for its normal gestational weight. Statistical analysis was performed using the PROC GLM procedure. Nutritional restriction induced a higher rate of fetuses IUGR than control group (31.0% v. 15.1%; P < 0.05). The percentage of fetuses with IUGR was 23% in SC group (no significant differences with groups C and R). However, SC increased the thickness of maternal and fetal placentas compared to group R (0.4 ± 0.02 v. 0.2 ± 0.02 cm; 0.6 ± 0.02 v. 0.3 ± 0.02 cm; P < 0.05 respectively), being similar to group C (0.4 ± 0.02 and 0.5 ± 0.03 cm). Maternal placental weight in group C showed higher values (1.5 ± 0.08 g; P < 0.05) than both restricted groups (1.2 ± 0.07 g). CRL in group SC was larger than in group R (10.5 ± 0.12 v. 10.0 ± 0.12 cm; P < 0.05) and similar to that in group C (10.5 ± 0.15 cm). The neonates in group SC showed higher values for CRL (10.9 ± 0.15 cm) than those from groups R and C (10.5 ± 0.11, 10.2 ± 0.20 cm; P = 0.05). Regarding TD, fetuses in group SC showed higher values than group R (2.3 ± 0.04 v. 2.1 ± 0.03 cm; P < 0.05) and equaled that of group C (2.3 ± 0.03 cm). In conclusion, maternal malnutrition prejudices fetoplacental development, causing IUGR. Treatment with SC in the last third of gestation counteracts fetal growth retardation by favouring placental development and function and, thus, fetal growth. These results confirm that administration of SC may have a potential benefit in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency and IUGR.We acknowledge CM, FSE, and AGL2011-23822 for funding.
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Parraguez VH, Diaz F, Cofré E, Urquieta B, De Los Reyes M, Astiz S, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Fertility of a high-altitude sheep model is compromised by deficiencies in both preovulatory follicle development and plasma LH availability. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:977-84. [PMID: 25251782 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
At high altitude, hypoxia and/or oxidative stress may compromise fertility. This study tested the relative effect of short- or long-term exposure to high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia and oxidative stress in sheep on preovulatory follicle dynamics and gonadotrophin secretion. Thus, growth dynamics, stereidogenic function and competence to ovulate of preovulatory follicles, as well as FSH and LH availability throughout the entire oestrous cycle, were compared among sheep native from low and high altitude, and sheep newcomers to high altitude. The results indicates that short-term exposure in sheep newcomers to high altitude has a deleterious effect on both the ovarian function (affecting preovulatory follicular development) and the pituitary function (diminishing plasma LH availability). On the other hand, there were no detected differences in the preovulatory follicular development in sheep adapted to high altitude for generations and, conversely, LH secretion was increased, which suggests an adaptive mechanism. The treatment with antioxidant agents during a relative short period for the time of folliculogenesis (approximately 1 month and a half) changed substantially the development of preovulatory follicles in short-term exposed sheep to similar patterns than in sheep native and living to both high and low altitude. These results highlight the role of oxidative stress in the detriment of the reproductive function in individuals recently exposed to high-altitude hypoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Parraguez
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, La Granja, Santiago, Chile; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, La Granja, Santiago, Chile; International Centre for Andean Studies, University of Chile, La Granja, Santiago, Chile
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Astiz S, Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Astiz I, Barbero A, Perez-Solana M, Garcia-Real I. Advanced onset of puberty after metformin therapy in swine with thrifty genotype. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:1241-52. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.081455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Astiz
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal; INIA, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - A. Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal; INIA, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - I. Astiz
- Unidad de Pediatría; Atención Primaria; Centro de Salud Ciudad San Pablo; Avenida de Madrid; 13 Coslada 28022 Madrid Spain
| | - A. Barbero
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - M.L. Perez-Solana
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal; INIA, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - I. Garcia-Real
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n; 28040 Madrid Spain
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14
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Barbero A, Garcia-Real I, Astiz S, Ayuso M, Lopez-Bote CJ, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Feasibility of MRI and selection of adequate region of interest for longitudinal studies of growth and fatness in swine models of obesity. Diagn Interv Imaging 2014; 95:839-47. [PMID: 24746864 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To determine the feasibility of MRI for imaging subcutaneous and visceral adiposity in longitudinal studies in obese swine models (Iberian pig). To establish the anatomical regions of interest (ROIs) and measurement points (MPs) adequate for their evaluation through analyses on the inter-individual variability and over-time reproducibility and through the assessment of their reliability and validity by comparison with in vivo and ex vivo zoometric data. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five male and five female pigs were used from four (live weight around 48 kg and back-fat depth around 18 mm) to eight months old (live weight 134 kg and back-fat depth around 48 mm). MRI was carried out with a Panorama 0.23T scanner (Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands), using a body/spine XL coil. RESULTS The ROIs of election for visualization of subcutaneous data are located from the cranial margin of left diaphragmatic crura to the lumbar vertebrae L3. Visceral adiposity may be equally evaluated from the vertebrae L1 to L3. CONCLUSIONS MRI allows the evaluation of subcutaneous and visceral fatness in a single acquisition, which improves animal welfare and time- and cost-efficiency and provides an accurate, consistent and repeatable procedure for sequential studies of adiposity in obese swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barbero
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Garcia-Real
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Astiz
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ayuso
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C J Lopez-Bote
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Ruiz S, Romero-Aguirregomezcorta J, Astiz S, Peinado B, Almela L, Poto A. Application of reproductive biotechnology for the recovery of endangered breeds: birth of the first calf of Murciana-Levantina bovine breed derived by OPU, in vitro production and embryo vitrification. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:e81-4. [PMID: 23692028 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In a conservation project, reproductive biotechnology was implemented for the recovery and conservation of an endangered bovine breed in Spain. The breed Murciana-Levantina, declared to be worthy of special protection status (http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2006/1000464/index.html), is of great interest because of its hardness, longevity, docility and disease resistance. This contribution describes the birth of the first calf of this breed obtained by reproductive biotechnology, using ultrasound-guided punction and aspiration of ovarian follicles, in vitro embryo production, vitrification of embryos by a cryotop device and, finally, the transfer of cryopreserved embryos to recipient heifers of a commercial dairy herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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16
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Astiz S, Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Perez-Solana ML, Sanchez-Sanchez R, Torres-Rovira L. In vitro release of ovarian progesterone is decreased during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy of swine with obesity/leptin resistance. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:e44-8. [PMID: 23379477 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that reproductive prolificacy of obese swine breeds is markedly influenced by embryo losses in early pregnancy. In such period, adequate secretion of progesterone (P4) by the ovary is essential for pregnancy success. This study analyses the luteal functionality during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy of Iberian sows and Large White x Landrace females, in terms of P4 secretion after in vitro culture of luteal tissue stimulated or not with luteinizing hormone (LH). The secretion of progesterone (expressed in ng/mg of luteal tissue or ng/mgLT) of the corpora lutea of obese Iberian swine was always hampered when compared to lean genotypes, either during early oestrous cycle (110.7 ± 37.8 vs 259.7 ± 10.2 ng/mgLT; p < 0.0001), late oestrous cycle (49.0 ± 3.5 vs 75.92 ± 7.14 ng/mgLT; p < 0.0001) or early pregnancy (38.4 ± 2.1 vs 70.7 ± 5.3 ng/mgLT; p < 0.0001). The differences in basal P4 secretion remained after stimulation with LH. Finally, P4 secretion during early pregnancy of Iberian sows decreased with age and, hence, with obesity features (46.6 ± 4.2 vs 65.5 ± 4.8 ng/mgLT; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the results of the present study provide convincing evidence of a reduced luteal function during oestrous cycle and early pregnancy of sows with obesity/leptin resistance like Iberian sows, which may contribute to the low reproductive efficiency reported in this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Astiz
- Animal Reproduction Department-INIA, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Ovilo C, Lopez-Bote CJ, Astiz S, Ayuso M, Perez-Solana ML, Sanchez-Sanchez R, Torres-Rovira L. Gender-specific early postnatal catch-up growth after intrauterine growth retardation by food restriction in swine with obesity/leptin resistance. Reproduction 2012; 144:269-78. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of undernutrition during pregnancy on prenatal and postnatal development of the offspring were evaluated in sows with obesity/leptin resistance. Females were fed, from day 35 of pregnancy onwards, a diet fulfilling either 100% (group control,n=10) or 50% of the nutritional requirements (group underfed,n=10). In the control group, maternal body weight increased during pregnancy (P<0.05) while it decreased or remained steady in the underfed group. At days 75 and 100 of gestation, plasma triglycerides were lower but urea levels were higher in restricted than in control sows (P<0.05 for both). Assessment of the offspring indicated that the trunk diameter was always smaller in the restricted group (P<0.01 at day 50,P<0.005 at days 75 and 100 andP<0.0001 at birth) while head measurements were similar through pregnancy, although smaller in the restricted than in the control group at birth (P<0.05). Newborns from restricted sows were also lighter than offspring from control females (P<0.01) and had higher incidence of growth retardation (P<0.01). Afterwards, during lactation, early postnatal growth in restricted piglets was modulated by gender. At weaning, males from restricted sows were still lighter than their control counterparts (P<0.05), while females from control and underfed sows were similar. Thus, the current study indicates a gender-related differential effect in the growth patterns of the piglets, with females from restricted sows evidencing catch-up growth to neutralise prenatal retardation and reaching similar development than control counterparts.
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Torres-Rovira L, Astiz S, Caro A, Lopez-Bote C, Ovilo C, Pallares P, Perez-Solana ML, Sanchez-Sanchez R, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Diet-induced swine model with obesity/leptin resistance for the study of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:510149. [PMID: 22629144 PMCID: PMC3354447 DOI: 10.1100/2012/510149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the suitability of a swine breed with leptin resistance and predisposition to obesity (the Iberian pig) as model for studies on metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Thus, six Iberian sows had ad libitum access to food enriched with saturated fat (SFAD group; food consumption was estimated to be 4.5 kg/animal/day) whilst four females acted as controls and were fed with 2 kg/animal/day of a commercial maintenance diet. After three months of differential feeding, SFAD animals developed central obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, and elevated blood pressure; the five parameters associated with the metabolic syndrome. Thus, the current study characterizes the Iberian pig as a robust, amenable, and reliable translational model for studies on nutrition-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Torres-Rovira
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Torres-Rovira L, Ovilo C, Astiz S, Gomez-Izquierdo E, Gonzalez-Añover P, Pallares P, Perez-Solana ML, Sanchez-Sanchez R. Reproductive, endocrine and metabolic feto-maternal features and placental gene expression in a swine breed with obesity/leptin resistance. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 176:94-101. [PMID: 22251656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted in a swine breed (Iberian pig) with a genotype that predisposed the pig to obesity. The aim of the study was to determine the morphological, metabolomic and endocrine features of early conceptuses and to elucidate how placental gene expression (related to placentation, angiogenesis and fetal nutrition), maternal hormones and the metabolome affect the fetal environment and fetal growth. Conceptus viability and growth were found to be related to maternal endocrine (plasma progesterone levels) and metabolic features (plasma levels of leptin, cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c and triglycerides). These features were related to the placental expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and leptin (LEP) genes, the placental efficiency and, thus, the nutrition and the metabolism of the fetus (availability of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, as HDL-c). Viability of conceptuses in females with evidence of dyslipidemia (low plasma levels of total cholesterol due to low HDL-c concentration but high levels of triglycerides) was diminished. The availability of nutrients and metabolic substrates to the conceptus was also affected in females with higher fat deposition and evidence of dyslipidemia. In conclusion, the conceptus viability and growth appear to be strongly related to maternal metabolic features and, thus, affected in females with alterations in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Departamento de Reproduccion Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Torres-Rovira L, Gonzalez-Añover P, Pallares P, Pérez-Solana ML, Astiz S, Gomez-Izquierdo E, Sanchez-Sanchez R, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. The interaction between ovulation rate and embryo survival in determining prolificacy of different strains of obese swine with gene polymorphisms for leptin receptors. Anim Prod Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/an11140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Iberian pigs show a clear predisposition to obesity, due to gene polymorphisms for leptin receptors, and a lower prolificacy when compared with lean breeds. Previous studies indicate a bimodal effect of obese genotypes on prolificacy; either by lowering ovulation rate or by increasing embryo losses when compared with lean genotypes. The present study aimed to discriminate the relative influence of both parameters by comparing strains of Iberian females with different prolificacy (14 original purebred Retinto, group R, and 20 Retinto × Torbiscal females selected for prolificacy, group RT). Examination of ovaries around Day 40 of pregnancy showed a higher ovulation rate in the RT than in the R sows (21.5 ± 1.4 versus 12.3 ± 1.0 corpora lutea, respectively; P < 0.0005). However, there was a higher incidence of implantation failures and early embryo losses in the RT females (42.9 versus 14% for the group R; P < 0.005). Thus, the number of viable embryos was higher in the RT line (10.8 ± 0.5 versus 7.6 ± 0.7 in the R sows, P < 0.0005), but also limited when compared with ovulation rate. Conversely, this effect was not found in the R sows; however, prolificacy of these females was limited by higher embryo mortality (24.1 versus 4.6% for RT females). In conclusion, the present study evidences dissimilar reproductive behaviour among strains of the Iberian pig differing in prolificacy and confirms previous evidences suggesting the existence of intrinsic factors avoiding excessively large litter sizes in Iberian females.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Astiz
- Fort Dodge; Veterinaria SA, C/Orense 4 28020 Madrid Spain
| | - E. Legaz-Huidobro
- Veterinary Department; Cooperativa Castellana de Ganaderos; C/Ejido 10, Campo Real 28510 Madrid Spain
| | - L. Mottier
- Preclinical and Clinical Development; Fort Dodge Animal Health; Europark/Eingang B3 Adenauerstr. 20 52146 Wurselen Germany
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González-Martín J, Astiz S, Elvira L, López-Gatius F. New surgical technique to correct urovagina improves the fertility of dairy cows. Theriogenology 2008; 69:360-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Monge A, Elvira L, Gonzalez JV, Astiz S, Wellenberg GJ. Bovine herpesvirus 4-associated postpartum metritis in a Spanish dairy herd. Res Vet Sci 2005; 80:120-5. [PMID: 15946713 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In more than 10 Spanish dairy cows, a bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV4) associated postpartum metritis was confirmed by virus isolation, BHV4-glycoprotein B (gB) PCR and/or serology. In this study, 12 cows with, and, at the time of sampling, 3 cows without clinical signs of acute postpartum metritis from one large dairy herd in Spain were examined for bacterial and viral infections. Blood, placenta/caruncles and uterine contents were collected between day 1 and day 20 post-calving, and examined for the presence of bacteria and for viruses by virus isolation, BHV4 DNA by BHV4-gB PCR and/or BHV4 antibody titres. Bovine herpesvirus 4 was detected in 83% of the cases with clinical signs of acute postpartum metritis by virus isolation and/or BHV4-gB PCR. An increase of BHV4 antibodies was detected in all examined postpartum metritis cows and in the 3 cows without clinical metritis. Two of these 3 cows developed severe metritis a few dayss after collecting the first blood sample. A concurrent infections of BHV4 and bacteria, mainly Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Streptococcus sp., were detected in 73% of the examined uterine contents collected from postpartum metritis affected cows. This case-report study showed a clear association between BHV4 infections and acute postpartum metritis in dairy cows. In addition, the BHV4-associated postpartum metritis appeared to be an emerging syndrome in this Spanish herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monge
- Amavet S.L, C/Virgen del Espinar 18, Guadalix de la Sierra, 28794 Madrid, Spain.
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